Classification, dimensions and symbols of bricks. Facing brick red

GOST 530-2007

Group G11

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICK AND STONE CERAMIC

General specifications

Ceramic bricks and stones. General specifications

ISS 91.100.15
91.100.25

Introduction date 2008-03-01

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and MSN 1.01-01-96 "System of interstate regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions"

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by Open Joint Stock Company VNIISTROM im. P.P.Budnikova, Russian Society of Civil Engineers (ROIS)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (Minutes No. 31 of May 24, 2007)

4 This standard corresponds to European standard EN 771-1:2003 "Definitions concerning wall stones - Part 1: Brick" (EN 771-1:2003 "Definitions concerning wall stones - Part 1: Brick" in terms of requirements for medium density and properties

5 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated September 24, 2007 N 248-st, the interstate standard GOST 530-2007 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from March 1, 2008.

6 INSTEAD OF GOST 530-95, GOST 7484-78

Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the index "National Standards".

Information about changes to this standard is published in the index (catalog) "National Standards", and the text of the changes - in the information signs "National Standards". In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index "National Standards"

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to ceramic brick and stone (hereinafter referred to as products) used for laying and cladding load-bearing and self-supporting walls and other elements of buildings and structures, and establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, product test methods. Solid brick is also used for laying foundations, the outer part of chimneys, industrial and domestic furnaces. Products can be used in other building structures, taking into account the technical characteristics established in this standard.

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 162-90 Depth gauges. Specifications

GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications

GOST 3749-77 Calibration squares 90°. Specifications

GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and control of frost resistance

GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining the ultimate strength in compression and bending

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications

GOST 25706-83 Loupes. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements

GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures

GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers in the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards and classifiers, compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indicators published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product intended for laying masonry.

3.2 normal format brick (single): A product with nominal dimensions of 250x120x65 mm.

3.3 stone: Large-sized hollow ceramic product intended for laying masonry.

3.4 solid brick: Brick in which there are no voids.

3.5 hollow brick: A brick having through voids of various shapes and sizes.

3.6 front brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.

3.7 ordinary brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry.

3.8 bed: The working face of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry (see figure 1).

1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke

Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry

3.9 spoons: The largest face of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see figure 1).

3.10 poke: The smallest face of a product that is perpendicular to the bed (see figure 1).

3.11 crack: Breakage of a product without breaking it apart.

3.12 through crack: A crack that passes through the entire thickness of the product and extends up to half or more of the width of the product.

3.13 cut: A crack with an opening width of not more than 0.5 mm (see Appendix B).

3.14 rebound: Mechanical damage to the edge, edge, corner of the product.

3.15 spalling: A product defect caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see appendix B).

3.16 peeling: Destruction of a product in the form of peeling of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).

3.17 chipping: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).

3.18 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).

3.19 ladle: Two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products with through cracks are referred to as a slab.

3.20 contact spot: An area of ​​the surface of a product that differs in color, which occurs during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.

3.21 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of the fired product in contact with moisture.

3.22 black core: The area within an item caused by the formation of ferrous oxide during the firing process.

4 Classification, dimensions and symbols

4.1 Classification

4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial.

Face brick and stone according to the type of front surface are made:

With a smooth and embossed surface;

With a surface textured by shotcrete, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding, polymer coating or otherwise.

Facial products can be natural color or volumetrically colored.

4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow.

The voids in the products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).

4.1.3 According to the strength of the product (except for large-format stone and brick and stone with horizontal voids) they are divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; large-format stones - M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.

4.1.4 According to frost resistance, products are divided into grades F25, F35, F50, F75, F100.

4.1.5 In terms of average density, products are divided into classes: 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0.

4.1.6 According to the thermal characteristics of the product, depending on the class of average density, they are divided into groups in accordance with table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

4.2 Basic dimensions

4.2.1 Products are manufactured in nominal sizes given in table 2.

Table 2 - Nominal product dimensions

In millimeters

4.2.2 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow brick and stone should be at least 12 mm, large-format stone - at least 10 mm.

4.2.3 The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the size of the side of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, and the width of slit-like voids should not exceed 16 mm.

The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

For stone, voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of ​​the stone bed.

4.2.4 Limit deviations of nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:

4.2.5 Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent faces is not allowed more than:

3 mm - for brick and stone;

1.4% of the length of any face - for a large-format stone.

4.2.6 Deviation from the flatness of the edges of products more than 3 mm is not allowed.

4.2.7 Symbolic designation of ceramic products should consist of: the name of the type of product, the designation of the type of product in accordance with Table 2; letters P - for privates, L - for facial; size designations in accordance with table 2; designations: Po - for solid bricks, Pu - for hollow bricks; grades for strength and frost resistance; medium density class and the designation of this standard.

Legend Examples

Brick ordinary (front), solid, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPO (KOLPO) 1NF/100/2.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Brick ordinary (front), hollow, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORP (KOLP) 1NF / 100 / 1.4 / 50 / GOST 530-2007

Brick ordinary (front), hollow, thickened, size 1.4NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KURPu (KULPu) 1.4NF/150/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Brick of modular dimensions 1.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KM 1.3NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (facial) stone, size 2.1NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KR (KL) 2.1NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Stone of large-format ordinary (front), size 9.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KKR (KKL) 9.3NF/150/1.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (front) brick, thickened with a horizontal arrangement of voids, size 1.4NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KGUR (KGUL) 1.4NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (facial) stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids, size 1.8NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KGR (KGL) 1.8NF/100/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

4.2.8 It is allowed to enter additional information into the symbol for the complete identification of products.

When carrying out export-import operations, the symbol of the product may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information).

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Front products must have at least two front faces - spoon and bond. The color and type of the front face are set by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are specified in the supply contract.

5.2.2 On the front products, spalls caused by inclusions, such as limestone, are not allowed. On ordinary products, spalls with a total area of ​​​​not more than 1.0 cm2 are allowed.

5.2.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on facial products.

5.2.4 Defects in the appearance of products, the size and number of which exceed the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table 3, are not allowed.

Table 3 - Defects in the appearance of products

5.2.5 For ordinary and front products, a black core and contact spots on the surface are allowed.

5.2.6 In a batch, a ladle of more than 5% of the batch volume is not allowed.

5.3 Characteristics

5.3.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the class of average density, must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in table 4.

Table 4 - Classes of average density of products

5.3.2 The thermal performance of products is evaluated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the masonry in a dry state. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in table 5.

Table 5 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

Table 6 - Strength limits of products in compression and bending

The strength grade of products should not be lower than: hollow brick and stone (except for large-format stone) - M100, large-format stone - M35, solid brick for load-bearing walls - M125, for self-supporting walls - M100.

The strength grade of bricks intended for the construction of chimneys must be at least M200.

5.3.4 Water absorption of ordinary products should be at least 6.0%, front products - not less than 6.0% and not more than 14.0%.

For products made from tripoli and diatomites, water absorption is allowed no more than 28%.

5.3.5 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the brand of frost resistance in a state saturated with water, must withstand without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, chipping, spalling) at least 25; 35; fifty; 75 and 100 alternating freeze and thaw cycles.

Types of damage to products after the frost resistance test are given in Appendix B.

The frost resistance grade of the front products must be at least F50. It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of the F35 frost resistance brand.

The frost resistance grade of products used for the construction of chimneys, plinths and basement walls must be at least F50.

5.3.6 Ceramic brick and stone are non-combustible building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.

5.3.7 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff in products should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

5.4 Requirements for raw materials and materials

5.4.1 Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste (coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives, as well as packaging materials and means of transporting products (pallets) must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for them .

5.5 Marking

5.5.1 On the non-facial surface of the product in the process of their manufacture, the trademark of the manufacturer is applied with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp.

5.5.2 The marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 5% of products marked according to 5.5.1. The marking may be applied directly to the package or on a label that is stuck on the package, or on a label attached to the package in a way that ensures its safety during transportation.

The label must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;

Symbol of the product;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Number (mass) of products in a packing unit, pcs. (kg);

Mark of conformity for the supply of certified products (if provided by the certification system).

The marking may include information about the method of manufacture of products.

5.5.3 The manufacturer has the right to put additional information on the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identifying the product and its manufacturer.

5.5.4 Each package (transport package) must have a transport marking in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.6 Packaging

5.6.1 Brick or stone should be stacked on a pallet in a herringbone pattern or on a bed or spoon with a cross bandage. It is allowed to stack products without dressing, provided that they are automatically packed, ensuring the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.

5.6.2 Cross-linked products should be wrapped in shrink or stretch film or other materials to protect the product.

5.6.3 In one packing unit there must be products of the same symbol.

5.6.4 By agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

6.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set in the amount of not more than the daily output of one furnace.

When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order) or products in the volume of one vehicle, issued with one quality document.

6.3 The party must consist of products of the same symbol.

6.4 The quality of products is ensured by:

Input control of raw materials and materials;

Operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.

6.5 For testing by random selection from different places of the lot, the number of products (samples) is selected in accordance with table 7.

Table 7 - Number of selected products (samples) for testing

The selected products are checked for conformity with the requirements of this standard for dimensions, appearance and correctness of form, and then tested.

Periodic tests in terms of water absorption, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when changing raw materials and technology; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. The results of periodic tests are extended to all supplied batches of products until the next periodic tests are carried out.

6.6 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff is controlled during the input control according to the documents on the quality of the enterprise - the supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier enterprise on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.

6.7 The thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when products are put into production, when technology, raw materials, materials are changed and are provided at the request of the consumer.

6.8 The batch is accepted if, when checking the dimensions and correctness of the shape of the products selected from the batch, only one product does not meet the requirements of this standard. The lot is not subject to acceptance if two of the products selected from the lot do not meet the requirements of this standard.

6.9 If during testing of products according to the indicators given in table 7 (except for the indicators of appearance, size, regularity of shape and frost resistance), unsatisfactory results are obtained, the products are retested according to this indicator on twice the number of samples taken from this batch.

The lot is accepted if the retest results meet all the requirements of this standard; if they do not match, the party is not accepted.

6.10 When testing products by the consumer, inspection control and certification tests, sampling and evaluation of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods in accordance with section 7.

In disputable cases, the control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established by agreement between the test participants.

6.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document, which indicates:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of the product;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number;

Number (mass) of products in a batch, pcs. (kg);

Strength grade, medium density class, frost resistance grade;

Water absorption;

Thermal Efficiency Group;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff;

The method of manufacturing products.

In export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

7 Test methods

7.1 Test methods for incoming quality control of raw materials and materials are indicated in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents for these raw materials and materials.

7.2 Test methods during production operational control are established in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products.

7.3 The dimensions of the products, the thickness of the outer walls, the diameter of the cylindrical voids, the dimensions of the square and the width of the slit-like voids, the length of the cuts, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsplits and the length of the chipped edges of the products are measured with a metal ruler according to GOST 427 or a depth gauge according to GOST 162. The measurement error is ± 1 mm.

7.3.1 The length and width of each product is measured in three places of the product: on two ribs and in the middle of the bed, thickness - on two ribs and in the middle of the butt.

The arithmetic mean of the results of single measurements is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.2 The crack opening width is measured using a measuring magnifier according to GOST 25706, after which the product is checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.4. Measurement error - ±0.1 mm.

7.3.3 The depth of broken corners and ribs is measured using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface. Measurement error - ±1 mm.

7.4 The deviation from perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying the square to the adjacent faces of the product and measuring the largest gap between the square and the face with a metal ruler. Measurement error - ±1 mm.

For the measurement result, take the largest of all the results obtained.

7.5 The deviation from the flatness of the product is determined by applying one side of the metal square to the edge of the product, and the other side along each diagonal of the face and measuring with a probe according to the current regulatory document or a ruler in accordance with GOST 427 the largest gap between the surface and the edge of the square. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

For the measurement result, take the largest of all the results obtained.

7.6 The presence of lime inclusions is determined after steaming the products in the vessel.

Samples not previously exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 h. Then the samples are cooled in a closed vessel for 4 h, after which they are checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.2.

7.7 To determine the presence of efflorescence, a half of the product is immersed with a broken end into a vessel filled with distilled water to a depth of 1-2 cm and kept for 7 days (the water level in the vessel must remain constant). After 7 days, the samples are dried in an oven at a temperature of 100 °C to constant weight, and then compared with the second half of the sample, not tested, checking for compliance with 5.2.3.

7.8 The compressive strength of brick and stone and brick in bending is determined in accordance with GOST 8462.

The compressive strength of a large-format stone is determined on the whole product. Alignment of the supporting surfaces of the stone is carried out by grinding and using a plate made of technical felt or rubber-fabric conveyor belts.

A sample of large-format stone is placed in the center of the testing machine and pressed against the top plate of the machine. During testing, the load on the sample should increase continuously and uniformly at a rate of 5-10 kN/s. The compressive strength R compress, MPa (kgf / cm 2), is calculated by the formula

R com =P/F, (1)

Where P is the maximum load at which the sample is destroyed, MN (kgf);

F is the arithmetic mean of the areas of the upper and lower faces of the sample, m 2 (cm 2).

The compressive strength of the samples is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf / cm 2) of the test results of all samples.

7.9 The average density, water absorption and frost resistance (volumetric freezing method) of products are determined in accordance with GOST 7025.

The deviation of each value of the average density is allowed no more than:

For classes 0.8 and 1.0 - +50 kg / m 3;

For other classes - +100 kg / m 3.

Water absorption is determined by saturating the samples with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C at atmospheric pressure.

Frost resistance is determined by the method of bulk freezing.

7.10 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff is determined according to GOST 30108.

7.11 The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry is determined according to GOST 26254 with the following additions.

The thermal conductivity coefficient is determined experimentally on a fragment of masonry, which, taking into account the mortar joints, is made with a thickness of one bonder and one spoon rows of bricks or stones. The laying of enlarged stones is performed in one stone. The length and height of the masonry must be at least 1.5 m (see Figure 2). Laying is carried out on a complex mortar grade 50, with an average density of 1800 kg / m 3, composition 1.0: 0.9: 8.0 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400, with a cone draft for full-bodied products 12 -13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm. It is allowed to perform a fragment of masonry other than the one indicated above, using other solutions, the composition of which is indicated in the test report.

a) General view of masonry b) Examples of masonry in cross section:

1 - single brick masonry;

2 - thickened brickwork;

3 - stone masonry;

Masonry thickness.

Figure 2 - Fragment of masonry for determining thermal conductivity

A fragment of masonry from products with through voids should be made using a technology that excludes filling voids with masonry mortar or with filling voids with mortar, which is recorded in the test report. Masonry is carried out in the opening of the climatic chamber with a device along the contour of thermal insulation from slab insulation; thermal resistance of thermal insulation must be at least 1.0 m 2 °C / W. After making a masonry fragment, its outer and inner surfaces are rubbed with a plaster mortar with a thickness of not more than 5 mm and a density corresponding to the density of the tested products, but not more than 1400 and not less than 800 kg/m3.

A masonry fragment is tested in two stages:

Stage 1 - the masonry is kept and dried for at least two weeks to a moisture content of not more than 6%;

Stage 2 - carry out additional drying of the masonry to a moisture content of 1% -3%.

The moisture content of products in the masonry is determined by non-destructive testing devices. Tests in the chamber are carried out at a temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the masonry dt \u003d (t in -t n) 40 ° C, temperature in the warm zone of the chamber t in \u003d 18 ° C - 20 ° C, relative air humidity (40 ± 5) %. It is allowed to reduce the exposure time of the masonry, provided that the outer surface is blown and the inner surface of the fragment is heated by tubular electric heaters (heaters), spotlights, etc. to a temperature of 35 ° C - 40 ° C.

Before testing, at least five thermocouples are installed on the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry in the central zone according to the current regulatory document. Additionally, heat meters are installed on the inner surface of the masonry in accordance with the current regulatory document. Thermocouples and heat meters are installed so that they cover the surface areas of the spoon and bond rows of masonry, as well as horizontal and vertical mortar joints. The thermotechnical parameters are fixed after the onset of the stationary thermal state of the masonry not earlier than 72 hours after the climate chamber is turned on. Measurement of parameters is carried out at least three times with an interval of 2-3 hours.

For each heat meter and thermocouple, the arithmetic mean of the readings for the observation period q i and t i is determined. According to the test results, the weighted average values ​​of the temperature of the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry t av, t av, taking into account the area of ​​the spoon and bond measured sections, as well as the vertical and horizontal sections of the mortar joints according to the formula

Where t i - surface temperature at point i, °C;

F i - area of ​​the i-th section, m 2 .

According to the test results, the thermal resistance of the masonry Rprk, m 2 ° C / W, is determined, taking into account the actual humidity during the tests according to the formula

Q cf - the average value of the heat flux density through the tested masonry fragment, W/m 2 .

The value calculates the equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity of the masonry, W / (m. ° С), according to the formula

where is the masonry thickness, m.

Build a graph of the dependence of the equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity on the moisture content of the masonry (see Figure 3) and determine the change in value by one percent of humidity, W / (m. ° C), according to the formula

Figure 3 - Graph of the dependence of the equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity on the humidity of the masonry

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in a dry state, W / (m. ° C), is calculated by the formula

The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the masonry in a dry state, W / (m. ° C), calculated by the formula

(7)

8 Transport and storage

8.1 Products are transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

8.2 Transportation of bricks and stone is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed at the storage site or directly on the production line on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 or pallets sized 1x1 m (980x980 mm) or other sizes according to technical documentation.

8.3 The weight of one package must not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4 In the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, a scheme for fastening products in a transport package is given, depending on the distance of transportation and the type of vehicle.

8.5 Formed overpacks should be stored in one tier in continuous stacks. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than four tiers, subject to compliance with safety requirements.

8.6 It is allowed to store products on flat areas with a hard surface in single-tier stacks in packages without pallets.

8.7 Storage of products at the consumer must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and 8.6 and safety regulations.

8.8 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices.

Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.

9 Instructions for use

9.1 Brick and stone are used in accordance with the recommendations of the current building codes and regulations, codes of practice, territorial building codes, taking into account the requirements set forth in the design documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

9.2 In the foundations and plinth of the walls of buildings, chimneys, ventilation ducts, only solid bricks should be used.

It is not allowed to use hollow products, as well as semi-dry pressed bricks for the outer walls of rooms with a wet regime without applying a vapor barrier coating to the inner surfaces.

It is not allowed to use hollow products and semi-dry pressed bricks for laying the walls of rooms with a wet regime, the outer walls of basements, plinths and foundations.

9.3 Type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing structures, incl. for facing the facades of buildings, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.4 Reference values ​​for the compressive strength of masonry made of brick and stone, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, are given in Appendix B, tables B.1, B.2.

9.5 The manufacturer, at the request of the consumer, must provide data on the thermal and strength characteristics of products in the masonry.

Forms and sizes of products

A.1 Extruded products

Figure A.1.1 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 19 cylindrical voids

Figure A.1.2 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 32 cylindrical voids

Figure A.1.3 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with eight slit-like voids

Figure A.1.4 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 18 slit-like voids

Figure A.1.5 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 16 square voids

Figure A.1.6 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 36 square voids

Figure A.1.7 - 1(1.4) NF brick with 55 square voids

Figure A.1.8 - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 28 slit-like voids

Figure A.1.9 - 1NF brick with 35 voids

Figure A.1.10 — 1NF brick with 33 voids

Figure A.1.11 — 2.1 NF stone with 30 square voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.12 — 2.1 NF stone with 30 voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.13 — 2.1 NF stone with 18 square voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.14 - 2.1 NF stone with seven slit-like voids

Figure A.1.15 - 2.1 NF stone with 18 slit-like voids

Figure A.1.16 - 2.1 NF stone with 21 slit-like voids

Figure A.1.17 - 1.4 NF brick with six voids

Figure A.1.18 - 1.4 NF brick with six voids

Figure A.1.19 - 1.8 NF stone with three voids

Figure A.1.20 - Large-format stone 4.5 NF

Figure A.1.21 - Large-format stone 10.7 NF

Figure A.1.22 - Large-format stone 10.7 NF

Figure A.1.23 - Large-format stone 14.3 NF

A.2 Pressed brick with vertical voids

Figure A.2.1 - 1NF brick with three cylindrical holes

Figure A.2.3 - 1NF brick with eight cylindrical holes

Figure A.2.4 - 1NF brick with 11 cylindrical holes

Figure A.2.5 - 1NF brick with 17 cylindrical holes

Annex B
(mandatory)

Types of damage to products during frost resistance testing

Figure B.1 - Types of damage to products during frost resistance testing

Annex B
(reference)

Compressive strength of brick and stone masonry with heavy mortars

Table B.1

Annex D
(reference)

Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry

D.1 The reduced heat transfer resistance of the masonry is determined on the basis of the calculation of the temperature fields for each specific building project, taking into account the requirements of the current building codes and regulations.

D.2 The calculation of the reduced heat transfer resistance of the outer walls of ceramic products is carried out on the basis of the condition for ensuring thermal and sanitary and hygienic characteristics in accordance with the current building codes and regulations. Examples of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of masonry made of ceramic products, taken according to sanitary and hygienic conditions in buildings with an estimated internal air temperature of 20 ° C, are given in Table D.1.

Table D.1

D.3 Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry made of ceramic products in laboratory conditions are given in Table D.2.

The thermal performance of masonry with the use of hollow products is given for masonry made without filling voids with mortar.

D.4 Examples of solid (conditional) masonry made of ceramic products are shown in Figures D.1-D.3.

1 - dry plaster from gypsum sheathing sheets: \u003d 12 mm, \u003d 800 kg / m 3, \u003d 0.21 W / (m. ° C);

2 - air gap: \u003d 10 mm, R \u003d 0.13 m 2 . ° C / W;

3 - stone masonry;

4 - facing brick

The reduced resistance to heat transfer of the masonry of the outer wall (, m 2 . ° С / W):

A) from hollow stone (= 1400 kg / m 3, class = 1460 kg / m 3, class = 0.54 W / (m. ° C)) and face brick (= 1400 kg / m 3, class = 1480 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 0.55 W / (m. ° C)) \u003d 1.37 m 2. ° C / W;

B) from hollow stone (= 1200 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 1300 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 0.48 W / (m. ° C)) and face brick (= 1200 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 1330 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 0.50 W / (m. ° С)) \u003d 1.50 m 2. ° С / W;

C) from hollow stone (= 1000 kg / m 3, cl = 1130 kg / m 3, cl = 0.41 W / (m. ° C)) and face brick (= 1000 kg / m 3, cl = 1170 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 0.44 W / (m. ° C)) \u003d 1.70 m 2. ° C / W;

D) from hollow stone (= 800 kg / m 3, class = 960 kg / m 3, class = 0.35 W / (m. ° C)) and face brick (= 1000 kg / m 3, class = 1170 kg / m 3, cl \u003d 0.44 W / (m. ° С)) \u003d 1.92 m 2. ° С / W

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICK AND STONES

CERAMIC

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Official edition

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION

ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION

IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow product must be at least 12 mm.

Products can be manufactured with a different hollowness, with a different number and arrangement of holes, subject to the requirements,.

3.3.2 The voids in the products should be perpendicular or parallel to the bed and can be through and non-through.

The width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm, and the diameter of cylindrical through voids and the size of the side of square voids should not exceed 20 mm.

For enlarged stones, technological voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a cross-sectional area of ​​voids not exceeding 13 % from the base area.

The diameter of blind voids and the dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

3.4 According to the strength of the product, full-bodied and with vertically located voids, they make grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and with horizontally located voids - 25, 35, 50, 75, 100.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

The depth of brokenness and bluntness of corners and ribs is measured with an error of 1 mm using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or rib formed by the square to the damaged surface.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

6.3 The deviation from perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying a square to adjacent faces according to GOST 3749 and measuring with a probe or a depth gauge according to GOST 162 the gap formed between the square and the edge of adjacent faces. The result is taken as the largest value of all the obtained measurement results.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

6.4 The compressive strength of bricks and stones and when bending bricks is determined according to GOST 8462.

6.5 The presence of lime inclusions (dutik) is determined by steaming products in a vessel.

Samples that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a container with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in this closed vessel for 4 hours, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements.

6.6 The mass, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined when the sample is saturated with water at a temperature (20± 5) ° C at atmospheric pressure.

The brand of brick and stone for frost resistance is determined by the number of cycles of alternate freezing and thawing, in which the product does not show signs of visible damage: peeling, delamination, cracking, chipping, as well as changes in the appearance defects specified in and this standard.

Chips with a diameter of up to 3 mm, formed at the place where the brick was cut or due to lime hydration, are not taken into account as signs of damage to the surface of the product when testing for frost resistance.

In arbitration cases, the evaluation of the frost resistance of bricks should be carried out by loss of strength and mass.

Brick is considered frost-resistant if the average loss of strength for five samples and the lowest value of the indicator of an individual sample, set in Table 3 for this brand, is not more than 5%, and the average weight loss for five samples is not more than 3%.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

For the heat meter and each thermocouple, determine the arithmetic mean of the readings over the observation period ( q i) and ( t i ), where i- sensor number. Then determine the weighted average temperature (t), taking into account the area of ​​the stretcher and bonder measured sections of masonry, vertical and horizontal sections of mortar joints, according to the formula

(1)

where F i- plot area, m 2.

The experimental value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in the state of actual humidity (l exp ), W/(m × ° C), calculated by the formula

( 2)

where q- heat flux density, W / m 2, determined by the formula 5 of GOST 26254;

t in , t n - weighted average temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment, respectively,° WITH;

d- wall fragment thickness, m.

The result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, calculated by the formula

where l 0 - thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state , W/(m× ° WITH);

W exp - the actual value of the moisture content of the material in the masonry in% by weight, determined according to GOST 24816;

TO -coefficient of increment of the thermal conductivity value depending on the moisture content of the material, taken equal to: K= 0.09 - for products with an average density of 1200 to 1500 kg / m 3;

K =0.11 - for products with an average density of St. 1500 to 1700 kg/m3;

K=0.13 - for products with an average density of St. 1700 to 1900 kg/m 3 .

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the result is the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, determined by the formula

where l T , l L - the value of the thermal conductivity of the spoon and bond rows of masonry in a dry state, W / (m× ° WITH).

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

6.7.2 Determination of thermal conductivity on a small wall fragment

It is allowed, according to the methodology of the Research Institute of Building Physics, to determine the thermal conductivity of products on a small fragment of the wall, consisting of 12 bricks or stones.

Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight, covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test.

It is allowed not to dry a wall fragment to a constant mass, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816, the material samples after the test die with a jumper from the wall fragment from the location of the heat meter.

Fragm The masonry element is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in terms of thermophysical properties to the tested products. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped with a mounting frame and installed in a wall that separates the climatic chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flux converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with. The tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the value of the heat flux density is measured (q) and temperature fluctuations (t in - t n ).

The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated by the formula (), the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state - by the formula () of this standard.

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the thermal conductivity value calculated by the formula () of this standard is taken as the result.

6.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products stacked in bags or on pallets with cross dressing "on a die".

6.9 Unburnt and burnt products are determined by comparing bricks by color with samples - standards approved by the manufacturer in the prescribed manner.

(Introduced additionally. Amendment No. 1)

7.4 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices.

7.5 Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.

7.6 On pallets, the products should be stacked in a "herringbone" or "on a die" and "on an edge" with a cross dressing. The mass of one package should not exceed 0.85 tons.

7.7 Brick packs laid with cross-linking must be packed with metal tape in accordance with GOST 3560

AND DIMENSIONS OF EXTRUSION PRODUCTS

Figure A1 - Brick with 19 holes Figure A2 - Brick with 32 holes

(void 13%) (void 22%)

Figure A3 - Brick with 21 voids (void 34%, 45%)

Figure A4 - Brick with 18 holes Figure A5 - Brick with 28 holes

(void 29%, 38%) (void 32%, 42%)

Figure A6 - Stone with 7 holes Figure A7 - Stone with 18 holes

(void 25%, 33%)(void 27%, 36%)

Figure A8 - Stone with 21 holes Figure A9 - Stone with 28 holes

(void 34%. 45%) (void 32%, 42%)

BRICK PRESSED

Figure A10 - Brick with 8 blind holes

(Voidness 11%)

Figure A11 - Brick with 3 through holes

(Voidness 2.25%)

Figure A12 - Brick with 8 through holes

(void 6%)

Figure A13 - Brick with 11 through holes

(Voidness 8.2%_

Figure A14 - Brick with 17 through holes

(Voidness 12.7%)

BRICK AND EXTRUSION STONES

Figure A15 - Brick with 6 Figure A16 - Brick with 6

Figure A17 - Stone c 11Figure A18 - Stone c 3

horizontal voidshorizontal voids

Figure A19 - Stone with 30 voids and a void to capture

when laying (hollowness 45%)

Figure A20 - Brick with 8 voids

(voidness 20%)

Figure A21 - Brick with square holes

(void 33%)

Figure A22 - Stone with square voids

(void 33%)

STONES REINFORCED FOR MASONRY

ONE STONE THICK

Figure A23 - Stone with 45% hollowness

Figure A24 - Stone with 55% hollowness

RIGID STONES FOR MASONRY

WALLS ONE STONE THICK

Figure A25 - Stone with 45% hollowness

Figure A26 - Stone with 55% hollowness

Figure A27 - Stone with 55% hollowness

APPENDIX B

(informational)

(Deleted. Rev. No. 1)

Key words: ceramic brick, ceramic stones, external and internal walls, masonry and reinforced masonry