Metal turning stairs with winder steps: features and benefits. Calculation of stair steps, depending on its design Calculation of stairs with winder steps by 90

Before you start creating a staircase for your private house or cottage, you must carefully make all the calculations. Moreover, it does not matter at all whether it is a construction made of wood or metal. At first glance, it may seem that the construction of a staircase is a fairly simple task, but in practice the situation is different.

All its nodes, including railings and decorative ornaments, must be spelled out in the project initially. Thanks to this thoroughness, the design will turn out to be functional and comfortable for each family member. It will also delight its owners with its reliability for many years. That is why we will dwell on all the main aspects in more detail.

In this article, you will learn whether it is possible to calculate this ladder

Winder ladder features

The winder design is the most successful combination of a flight staircase with a spiral staircase. The second plays the role of a transition platform, so you can save a significant amount of usable space. The main advantages of the winder design are considered to be:

It does not require a large area for installation.
It is convenient for any member of the family to move around.
Stylish look that fits any interior.

Stair parameters calculations

Experts consider the main parameters of any staircase to be:

Height.
Length.
Width.
Tilt angle.
Number of steps.
Tread height.
Step width.
Step length.

In this video you will learn how to calculate this ladder:

Let us dwell on each of these parameters in more detail, considering the main features of their calculation.

Height

The height is considered to be the distance from the floor surface of one floor to the floor surface of another. Important: not to the ceiling! If, according to the project, the structure should rest against the ceiling with its upper end, then it is necessary to make a small gap above it.

The calculation of the height of the stairs to the second floor is as follows - about 100 mm is added to the height of the tallest family member who will directly use it. Experienced specialists recommend laying about 2 m as a working height.

Ladder length (march length)

In traditional staircases, it is customary to make the length of the structure equal to its march. A second option is possible, when they simply add up the length of all marches with the landing.

The calculation of the length of stairs with winder steps is similar to the screw design. In each of these cases, the average value of the march length is taken. Measurement is then recommended to be done at a distance of 50 cm relative to the edge of the span or railing.

Ladder width

High level of comfort - 1.5 m.
The average value of the comfort zone is 1-1.2 m.
If the flight ladder is located along the wall - 0.8-1 m.
If the structure is not the main one, but an auxiliary one - less than 0.8 m.

Calculation of the width of the stairs with winder steps:

The minimum width allowed in the calculations is 1.1 m.

Width calculation for screw construction:

The average value of the comfort zone is 1.4 m.
The minimum width value is 1.1 m.

Ladder angle

The correct calculation will make the use of the future staircase design as comfortable as possible. To save space, it is recommended to lay a steeper angle. The most comfortable design will be if you leave it flat. For residential premises, the maximum angle of inclination should not exceed 45 °, otherwise, for safety reasons, descent along it is only allowed backwards.

It is best to combine different options if space permits. To determine the degree of the angle at which it is necessary to place the handrail, draw a parallel line with its base.

Do not forget about the slope of this staircase

Number of stairs

The calculation for any design option is determined by the following parameters:

Ladder height.
Tread height.

There is no strict regulation in this regard. However, experts recommend for two-march structures to make the number of steps equal for each march. But it is worth noting that practice shows that it is not always possible to adhere to this advice.

Tread height or distance between stairs

The value of this parameter should be 150 mm. Compliance with this value will allow everyone to move around this design as comfortably as possible without exception. The permissible deviation from the specified value must not exceed 9.5 mm.

Stair pitch (immediate step width)

It is important to understand: a person will rest his foot completely on each step, which means that the ideal width will be an indicator of 230 mm. The lower bar of this value is set at 100 mm. But keep in mind that constant movement along such steps is extremely traumatic.

When calculating the step, it is worth remembering the distance between adjacent balusters. It should be an average of 120-150 mm. If these parameters are not observed, such a fence risks becoming dangerous for everyone who will use the stairs. The installation of balusters depends solely on the design project.

step length

What will be the length of the step depends solely on the chosen design. If the main structural element is bowstrings in the amount of two pieces, then the length should correspond to the distance between them. When using a kosour, the value is determined independently, taking into account the wishes of the customer.

How to make calculations

In order to calculate the length of the structure, first you need to calculate the height of the room where the staircase will be located. After - fold it with the width of the ceiling. The result obtained is divided by the height of the riser and the output is the number of steps. We multiply the resulting number by the width of one step and as a result we get the required length value.

When calculating the width of the opening, it is necessary to subtract the clearance from the height of the room (according to the standard, it is 1900 mm). The result obtained is divided by the height of one step. As a result, we get a number showing the number of steps that will be under the floor. The rest in this case are located in the free zone.

We multiply their number by the width of one step and get the width of the opening.

To calculate the angle of inclination, it is best to use a special computer program, a ladder calculator, or the proportion method. But the first option is still preferable for a beginner. It avoids errors and inaccuracies.

The screw structure is calculated according to a similar scenario with the winder one. The main thing is to clearly define its configuration.

Graphic method

The most important part in the manufacture of stairs is a well-drawn drawing or sketch. It should detail all aspects, indicating the dimensions of each of the above parameters. Even the use of all kinds of calculators and stair design programs does not eliminate the need to make a drawing. It is necessary for any type of construction, including the simplest - mid-flight.

Important! The sketch should contain, in addition to the parameters of the future staircase, the features of the room where it will be installed. This may be the presence of columns, windows, protruding window sills - in a word, everything that can affect the change in parameters during its assembly.

Online calculators

When designing a staircase from scratch, it is best to use online calculators. They are a number of programs to help in this matter. Here is some of them:

StairCon.
Compass/N.D.
Stair Designer.
solid works.
Consultec Staircon.

There are a number of resources on which you can calculate all the parameters

Design programs for calculation

For self-construction of stairs with winder steps, you can use numerous programs, which are easy to find on our website. Working with them is incredibly easy. First you need to register a number of parameters:

Construction type.
March length.
Height and width of one step.
Material for the manufacture of the future stairs.

Additionally, you may be asked to choose the color of the stairs and its decorative design in order to present it in a more complete form.

Such programs are located on our portal or websites directly from manufacturers of stairs of any complexity. Using one of these utilities, you can see the fruits of your imagination with your own eyes, as well as find out how much it will cost to manufacture.

Experts advise to carefully approach all calculations, not missing any of them, since any oversight can affect the quality and safety of the structure.

Do not neglect the careful choice of its location. Experts advise:

Do not place the ladder in the living room.
Make sure that the approaches to it always remain free.
Complex types of structures are best left to professionals; beginners should start with the simplest ones.
When calculating, pay special attention to moving up the stairs with a load in your hands.
Make sure the end point of the proposed staircase is suitable for the opening. In some cases, making a hole is not possible.

Specify the required dimensions

X- stair opening width
Y- opening height
Z- ladder width
F- ledge steps
W- step thickness
C- the number of all steps
C1- the number of steps on the lower march
C2- number of turning steps

reference

Calculation of stairs with 90° turning steps.

A wooden staircase with turning steps allows you to significantly save space in the house without losing convenience and functionality.

When calculating, pay attention to the optimal number of rotary steps. In my experience, 3 steps are optimal with a staircase width of 80 cm. More - the steps will be too narrow and therefore uncomfortable.

If the opening is located only above the top of the stairs, then the height at the turning point before the overlap is important in order to avoid head injuries. It must be at least 2 meters.

With this design, the width of the stairs plays an important role. Since it directly affects the convenience of turning steps. The wider the staircase - the more steps can be used without loss of convenience.

Due to the variety of projects and designs, the railing for stairs in the program is not calculated in any way and is not shown.

Important! Pay attention to the dimensions of the turning steps. To get the dimensions of the step - do not forget to add the size of the protrusion to these dimensions.

The calculation of a stone staircase for is no different from the calculation of a wooden or metal staircase. The main thing is to correctly calculate the dimensions of the steps. Their height must be the same for all its parts.

The calculation of the convenience of the stairs is calculated by a formula based on the length of the step.
Human stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63 ± 3 cm.

The most comfortable slope of the stairs is from 30° to 40°.
The depth of the steps of the stairs should correspond to shoe size 45 - at least 28-30 cm.
The lack of depth can be compensated by the protrusion of the step.
The height of the step should be up to 20-25 cm.

The program will draw drawings of stairs with turning steps with basic angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the overall dimensions of the stairs, marking the top of the steps on the bowstrings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

I hope the program will help you design and make a staircase for your summer cottage or home with your own hands.

Stairs- this is one of the most important structures in any private house, as it is the basis for free movement between floors. When choosing a project, craftsmen are often guided only by the economic and aesthetic side of the problem, often neglecting construction and design norms and rules. However, ignoring such an important component in many cases leads to the fact that the product is unstable, unsafe and uncomfortable.

The efficient construction service KALC.PRO offers to perform an automated calculation of stairs online on a 3D calculator, as a result of which you will receive everything you need to mount the structure: a comprehensive estimate, a complete set of drawings and an interactive model for a better visual experience. The stair design software calculates the parameters of all elements and provides some recommendations based on the provisions of SNiP, GOST and TU which are used for the manufacture of wooden structures.

The program is easy to use and does not require special engineering skills - all fields of the calculator are intuitive, and the help includes illustrations with the notation of individual elements. Each calculation is accompanied by an assessment of the resulting structure and if incorrect values are entered - in case of critical deviations, the calculation will stop and a pop-up window will show in which field the error was made, if the deviation is insignificant, recommendations will be provided where to apply the correction.

Use the calculator for calculating the wooden stairs to the second floor to create a really reliable and convenient design. For 5 years of work, we have helped to realize over 3000 projects for residents of Russia, the CIS and Europe.

Why are our stair calculators better?

Close cooperation with ladder manufacturers

Highest detail drawings and 3D models

Final report with a list of required materials

Ready estimate for the manufacture of the structure by the contractor

Technical support helps when working with the calculator

Positive feedback and a large number of completed projects

Unlike other online staircase calculator sites, our project has a number of undeniable advantages and these are not empty words, since you can personally verify all these statements in practice.

Constructor functionality. You can design a structure of any type and choose the features of fastening elements. If invalid values are entered, the calculation stop and a warning with an error will be displayed, on other resources - the calculation will be made in any case.
Recommendations. Our calculator provides recommendations for many structural elements, for example, you will find out the optimal parameters: the angle of inclination, the height of the steps, the width of the step board, the width of the tread, the width of the stairs, the width of the stringers (upper, intermediate, lower). On other sites - tilt angle only .
. Our development department works closely with real ladder manufacturers, so we pay more attention to detailing and fixing individual components. Professionals and private companies use our tool everywhere .
Ready estimate. As a result of the calculation, the user receives a final report, which contains all the necessary drawings, a 3D model in the selected projection and a ready estimate for the manufacture of stairs, with a detailed description quantities of materials . On other sites - only the dimensions of the elements.
Graphic arts. Most visitors choose our site, including because of the presence of high-quality well-designed graphics. In addition to the fact that the drawings are as close as possible to the standards of technical documentation, the projection of individual elements on the diagram is selected in such a way that when cutting, the fiber direction wood (seam of glued boards).
. If you are having difficulty using the calculator or have questions regarding the resulting calculation, we will look into the situation and we will try to answer for any constructive questions 24/7.
Personal Area. Also on our website there is a convenient personal account in which the results of the calculation of stairs or any other structure are saved - you never lose your project, and you can also download the download at any time, regardless of the time of the operation.

Every month we receive dozens of positive feedback and thanks from the users of the KALC.PRO project. On the page " Reviews» there are ready-made designs of structures made on the basis of the calculations of our tools.

Constructor features

The service provides a large number of proven tools, using which you can create a convenient, reliable and safe design. In its calculations, the 3D staircase designer algorithm takes into account the data of SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) "Fire safety of buildings and structures", SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) "Single-apartment residential houses", SNiP 2.08 .01-89 "Residential buildings", SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011) "Public buildings and structures", SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010) "Loads and impacts", GOST 23120-78 "Mid-flight stairs, platforms and steel railings", etc.

At the moment, the calculation of the following types of wooden structures is available in the program:

straight staircase (on stringers, on bowstrings);
stairs with winder steps at 90 ° (two-flight);
stairs with winder steps at 180° (two-flight);
stairs with winder steps 180 ° (three-flight);
stairs with a 90° turntable (two-flight);
stairs with a 180° turntable (two-flight);
stairs with a 180° turntable (three-flight).

In addition, we also have calculation of metal stairs- perhaps you will be interested in the design on a broken stringer (zigzag) ?!

Among the main features of the calculator, it is necessary to highlight ( - only on KALC.PRO) :

Units. Ability to select units of measurement (mm, cm, m, inches, feet), as well as their automatic translation in calculator fields and results without recalculation by the user.
Drawing color. Possibility to choose color or monochrome rendering of drawings. It can be useful for persons with disabilities and, if necessary, to increase the contrast of individual elements.
Ladder option. Possibility to choose the side of entry to the stairs (right or left).
Mounting of rotary steps. Possibility to choose the type of fastening of the rotary steps to the support column (thorn-groove connection, connection with a section of the support column).
opening parameters. Classic fields for entering the parameters of the opening (height, length, width).
Opening definition. In calculators, it is possible to select the direction (segment) along the outer edge of the stairs (upper, intermediate or lower flight), which will be taken as the length of the opening. The characteristics of the stairs directly depend on this parameter.
Step calculationstairs. Depending on the calculator, you need to enter the number of upper, intermediate and lower steps, their thickness and protrusion. It is also necessary to specify whether to consider the upper step below the level of the second floor or not.
risers. It is possible to indicate whether the installation of risers is required and, if so, what thickness they will have.
Kosoura(for stairs on the stringer). You must enter the thickness and width of the stringer.
bowstring(for ladders on a bowstring). You must enter the thickness and width of the bowstring. We also take into account the stock of the heel and the stock of the width of the bowstring (front, back), and the drawings are presented in two projections.
Support beams. You must enter the thickness and width of the stiffening beams.
Support pillars. You must enter the value of the section side of the support column.
Stair railing. Fields for entering the parameters of the enclosing elements of the stairs: handrails (thickness, width, height), balusters (section side).
Floor slab. Fields for entering floor parameters (protrusion above the opening, offset from the wall, thickness).
Wall. Optional field, necessary for better visual perception.

A well-executed staircase project to the second floor in a private house will save a significant amount of time and money on the manufacture of the structure.

Calculation results

As a result of calculating the stairs online, you get a comprehensive estimate with the optimal consumption of materials (quantity, volume) and detailed characteristics of each structural element. However, the most important thing is that the convenience of the building will be assessed according to the following parameters: the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the stairs, the number of steps, the height of the steps, the depth of the tread, the minimum width of the kosour / bowstring); after which you can adjust the parameters and make the final decision on the need to use this type of stairs.

Calculations are based on classical mathematical logic using simple geometric formulas, so calculation errors are minimized, however, it should be taken into account rounding numbers when displaying dimensions on drawings. There is a direct relationship that determines that the accuracy of displaying the calculation result is higher when using units of lower order, that is, for millimeters, the error will be no more than 0.1 mm, and when choosing centimeters - ~ 1 mm, etc.

It should also be noted some features when transferring dimensions from drawings to a real design. First, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the cut, which has physical dimensions and is several millimeters wide. Secondly, we must not forget about the cumulative error, an example of which can be demonstrated as follows.

A staircase was calculated (in centimeters) with 10 steps with an opening height of 162.5 cm - as a result, in the drawings, the height of each step turned out to be 16.3 cm. However, you can see if you make a reverse calculation by steps, you get 16.3 cm × 10 = 163 cm, which is actually 0.5 cm higher than the height of the opening. This situation arises due to the fact that when drawing on the drawings, the values \u200b\u200bare rounded to the first decimal place, i.e. under the number 16.3 cm, the value 16.25 cm was “hidden”. To reduce such errors to a minimum should be calculated in millimeters however, in some situations it will still be necessary to adjust the outermost elements of the structure when mounting in height.

Staircase drawing with dimensions

Stair drawings are an essential component of any project documentation, as they allow you to fix the design features of the elements and their connections. They also provide an opportunity to pre-evaluate the parameters of individual components of the structure in practice. That is, by making templates from cheaper materials, such as cardboard or paper, you can eliminate error initially and save a significant amount of money on materials.

However, you should not assume that you can draw a staircase diagram yourself without proper experience in drawing and designing. Without special training, you are unlikely to be able to withstand the dimensions of the drawings, maintain accuracy down to a fraction of millimeters, and at the same time be accurate, while maintaining the readability of each element. Professional computer programs AutoCAD, Compass-3D, CorelDRAW, etc. cost a considerable amount of money, in addition, without proper work skills, it will take a lot of time to at least learn the basics.

The KALC.PRO service eliminates unnecessary difficulties and provides ready-made drawings of wooden stairs based on the user's entered data. Our schemes are distinguished by excellent elaboration of individual nodal connections and the whole picture as a whole, you can independently evaluate the high quality of graphics and compare it with other services.

3D model

A 3D staircase model allows you to view the resulting structure in real proportions and evaluate the prospects for using the current project. Unlike drawings, a 3D model is not designed to produce structural elements, but it is able to visually convey the general idea of an object down to the smallest detail.

On our website, the rendering of a 3D staircase project is based on the user's entered data with absolute accuracy. without any distortion or error. Scaling and camera control is done with the mouse - the left and right keys, respectively. A three-dimensional model can be downloaded in the selected projection on the stairs calculator tab in PNG format, there is also the possibility of downloading graphics in OBJ format (supported by Autodesk 3ds Max, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, PC LIRA ...) for further editing.

How to calculate the stairs online on the calculator?

To perform the calculation of stairs with drawings on the online calculator, you must go to the tab of the corresponding design and fill in all the fields, based on the available parameters of the opening. However, first we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the proposed video, which describes in detail all the steps of working in the program and provides professional advice, who is engaged in the manufacture of stairs personally.

Calculation of stairs online on the calculator from KALC.PRO is confidence in the quality of the structures being built due to the high accuracy of the operations performed.

How to make a comfortable staircase?

The choice of staircase design depends to a greater extent on the parameters of the opening and to a lesser extent on one's own preferences, since in the majority of private houses redevelopment is excluded and one has to adapt to existing conditions. At the same time, the main task of the master is reduced to the most rational use of the available space in order to achieve the optimal characteristics of the stairs, which will ensure high ergonomics of the structure as a whole.

Accordingly, it is possible to single out some directly proportional dependence, the arguments of which are the area of \u200b\u200bthe structure in projection onto the surface of the floor / ceiling and the conditional coefficient of convenience. The correlation occurs according to the principle - the larger the occupied area, the greater the comfort a person will experience when moving between levels. In descending order of comfort, sorting looks like this:

stairs are straight;
stairs with a platform;
winder stairs;
combined stairs;
spiral stairs.

Thus, mid-flight stairs are recognized as the best structures, then combined ones and, lastly, spiral ones.

In the case of choosing classic designs on a stringer or bowstring, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the overall slope of the stairs, the calculation of the steps, the height of the fences, etc. The list of all recommendations and rules is quite extensive, but among the most significant it is worth noting the following values:

angle of inclination of stairs from 30° to 45°;
the number of steps per march should vary from 3 to 16 and be odd so that the first and last steps are on one foot;
recommended step height - 12-20 cm, optimal - 15-18 cm;
width (depth) of steps - 27-30 cm;
the height of the railing should not be less than 90 cm, in the presence of children it is better to increase it to 150 cm;
the safe interval for installing balusters is 10-15 cm.

Compliance with these and other recommended parameters is extremely important - comfort during movement and safety, minimization of the occupied area, compliance with fire safety requirements, and the capacity of the staircase structure depend on them. Each online stair calculation calculator from KALC.PRO evaluates structures and provides some recommendations that can be viewed in the corresponding block of the report.

Stairs are an indispensable tool for moving between floors of residential and commercial premises. As a rule, owners of multi-storey private dwellings and country houses prefer a turning staircase. This design saves square meters in the apartment, looks spectacular and fully performs its main functions - ascent and descent. How to correctly calculate the stairs, depending on its type - read the article.

The calculation of the steps of the stairs leading to the second floor of a private house or apartment depends, first of all, on the type of construction - ordinary (straight) or curved (L-, U-shaped, screw). For the calculation of stairs, there are general formulas, the main values of which vary depending on the type of stairs.

Most often, a formula based on step length is used to calculate: 2 x tread height + riser height = 60 cm.

When calculating, you should focus primarily on the composition of the family (the presence of children, the elderly). So, too high risers are not suitable for children, and it will be difficult for older people to use stairs with shallow treads.

How to calculate the steps of a ladder, knowing the length and height of the structure

One of the main indicators of the convenience and comfort of the stairs is the number of steps. The optimal number of steps for one flight of stairs is from 3 to 16. A smaller number increases the likelihood of stumbling, and a larger number increases the likelihood of getting tired when climbing.

In order to calculate the length of the stairs, you must:

Measure the distance between the floors of the first and second floors (do not forget about the thickness of the ceiling, which should be included in the total length of the stairs);
Divide the resulting value by the height of the riser.

The height of the riser, according to GOST, should be within 12-20 cm and selected in accordance with the type and purpose of the structure.

We design the "Duck step" staircase: calculation of the step of the stairs

The "duck step" is an ideal design for a small room: 2.5 meters long and 80 cm wide will be enough to organize such a staircase. The compactness of the stairs is achieved due to the special design of the steps, the width of the tread of which increases in places corresponding to the step.

In order for the “duck step” design to be comfortable and safe, the following recommendations must be followed:

For straight structures, the width of the step tread at the step will be optimal - 300 mm .;
Step height should be increased to 15 cm. Minimum;
Riser should only be used for wooden stairs;
The transition from the wide to the narrow part of the step should be smooth; in metal structures, the use of pedal steps without a narrowed part is allowed;
To calculate the length of curved, spiral staircases, you should use the formula for calculating the length of structures with a rotation angle of 360 degrees: l = 2πr.

To calculate the length of the “duck” step, the formula is suitable: the height of the step in the square + the width of the step = 65 cm.

How to calculate stairs with steps of 90 and 180 degrees

The most popular type of staircase, which is found in two-story houses and apartments, is L-shaped - a design with winder, turning steps or a platform that forms an angle of 90 degrees with adjacent walls.

The peculiarity of the design of a turning staircase is that in different parts of the corner of the structure the width of the steps is different: at the outer edge of the stairs it is larger, at the inner edge it is less.

In order to calculate the corner stairs, you must select the type of design (spiral, with a right or 180 degree angle) and enter certain parameters.

Namely:

Height and length of the ceiling opening;
Estimated width of the flight of stairs;
Total number of steps;
Estimated number of turning steps;
The number of lower steps.

Most calculators also offer to determine the height of the step in relation to the floor.

A computer program that does not require an Internet connection for calculations and is able to provide both a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional model of a rotary structure will also help to calculate the corner stairs.

Calculation of stairs (video)

Today, in order to design a convenient and safe turning staircase, it is not necessary to turn to the services of construction companies. To do this, you can use simple formulas, online calculators or offline programs that allow you to create a staircase model that will fully comply with both your preferences and safety standards. You just have to choose the easiest and most convenient way and create a comfortable staircase that will perfectly fit into the interior of your apartment!

Specify the required dimensions in millimeters

X- the length of the opening that the stairs will occupy
Y- height from the floor level of the first floor to the floor level of the second floor
E- ladder width
F- ledge steps
Z- step thickness

C- the number of all steps
P- number of steps + platform

The calculation of turning stairs is somewhat more complicated than the calculation of straight stairs.
The calculation of the convenience of the stairs is calculated by a formula based on the length of the step.
Human stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63 ± 3 cm.

You can also achieve the convenience of a turntable by changing the height of the platform.

The program will draw drawings of the turning stairs with basic angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the overall dimensions of the stairs, marking the top of the steps on the bowstrings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

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