Interior partitions in a new building. Interior partitions. Types of interior partitions and device options. Wooden interior partitions

To divide the common space of a large room or redevelop the entire apartment, many homeowners dismantle old and erect new partitions. When planning such alterations of living space, it must be remembered that only partitions that do not perform a bearing function can be installed and demolished. Alterations associated with the reconstruction of the main walls can only be made according to a carefully developed and comprehensively calculated architectural project approved by the relevant organization. This is due to the fact that the supporting structure of the house has a precisely calculated structure, which should not be weakened or overloaded. And it is impossible to determine the possibility of dismantling or installing a main wall on your own, without having the appropriate knowledge and skills.

A logical conclusion suggests itself - space-dividing structures installed in the premises of multi-storey buildings should be as light as possible. Therefore, the owners often have a question about what is better to make partitions in the apartment so that they become functional, have a neat look that fits into the overall interior and do not create an unacceptably high load on the overall structure of the house.

The first step is to decide which partition is planned to be built, and for what purpose it will be installed. The fact is that separating structures can be of different types and have different purposes.

So, for example, partitions can be divided into two categories - they are stationary and mobile. In turn, designs can be divided into solid or decorative. To understand in which cases this or that option is established, it is necessary to consider what they are.

Stationary partitions

Stationary partitions can be solid or only conditionally divide the room into several zones.

• Stationary solid partition is installed in cases where it is necessary to completely fence off one of the areas of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, turning it into a separate full-fledged room or into a utility room. Most often, such a reconstruction is carried out when one of the premises of the apartment has a large area, and there are not enough separate rooms for all family members.

In addition, this approach very often has to be resorted to when arranging an apartment in a new building. It is no secret that in recent years, the practice of renting residential buildings with apartments consisting of a bathroom, a kitchen area and one or two spacious empty areas. At the same time, in the process of finishing work, the future apartment owners themselves determine how many rooms they need, and then on their own, or by attracting builders, one large room is divided by solid stationary partitions. This type of enclosing structures is able to provide a separate room, so to speak, privacy, the required level of sound and heat insulation.

• Stationary decorative partitions. This design option is chosen in cases where one room needs to be divided into separate zones. For example, in one of them place a sleeping place, and in the other - install a desktop or arrange a play part of the room for a child.

This option is quite often chosen for the children's room, since the separation of the various actions of the child implicitly accustoms him to order.

However, sometimes such a division of a large room is also used for a one-room apartment, when it is simply necessary to separate the sleeping area from the one that will be considered. They are also used to separate the kitchen from the dining room and in other similar cases.

Decorative partitions, as a rule, do not have a continuous surface. They are usually made, for example, in the form of racks with numerous shelves of different heights and widths.

Movable partitions

Movable enclosing structures can also either completely cover part of the room, or hide only a certain section of it from prying eyes.

• Movable solid partitions. Such structures are most often not lined up, but installed ready-made, since certain mechanisms must be used to move them. Sliding partitions are installed like compartment doors, so if necessary, one or two of their parts can be moved. Thus, there will be a unification of space - this is why movable partitions are convenient.

The disadvantage of these structures is that they do not provide any serious soundproofing of the enclosed space. So, if behind such a partition one of the family members decides to listen to music, then it will be heard throughout the apartment.

Sometimes movable partitions are installed instead of the wall separating the room and the loggia (in the opening instead of the removed window and door block). Due to the fact that this section of the wall is not load-bearing, it is often dismantled in order to increase the usable area.

With such an application, a sliding partition, when closed in the heat of summer, will help keep the room cool. In winter, it will create an additional layer between the wide window of the loggia and the interior, preventing the cooled air from penetrating into the room without hindrance. In addition, the loggia can be used as a completely separate room, for example, if you need to retire for work or leisure. Or, with one movement of the hand, combine it with a large room, significantly expanding it. Usually, partitions covering a window, especially in cases where it is the only one in the room, are made of glass, using a transparent or matte material for this.

Another variant of movable partitions is a folding structure - "accordion". It can either block an overly wide interior opening, or divide a room into two rooms, or into two zones.

This type of construction is unable to provide complete sound and heat insulation, but it can perfectly hide a sleeping place or, for example, a kitchen room, which is combined with a dining room ( ) by a wide opening. In part, this design can be attributed to the decorative options for movable partitions.

• Movable decorative partitions. This category includes lightweight structures that perform the function of only a visual overlap of space, without providing zones with any sound insulation at all.

Such partitions can be located from ceiling to floor or not reach the ceiling surface.

Lightweight movable structures can be made in the form of an "accordion" or open and close like a blind. The latter are especially appropriate in a one-room apartment, as they can be completely moved to one side if necessary to combine space.

Movable decorative partitions include their portable version - screens, which today have practically gone out of design fashion. Although, judging by the comments on the forums, many quite acutely feel the lack of this item in the interior.

The advantage of the screen lies in its extremely high "mobility". That is, it can, if desired, be moved to any place in an apartment or room, and if there is no need for it, simply fold it and put it against the wall, hiding it behind the curtains, or put it in a closet. It is clear that in order to install a screen, no plans, projects, drawings, assembly instructions, etc. are required at all. It usually has a small weight, moving it to the right time and place is the simplest task.

The screen, by and large, will be even more correctly attributed to pieces of furniture. This accessory most often consists of frame frames interconnected by furniture hinges. Any available material can be fixed to the frame - it can be plywood, fabric, panels woven from bamboo straw and much more that will fit well into the intended interior.

Later in this In this article, we will consider only stationary partitions. Those readers who are more interested in sliding structures can be recommended to go to other publications of our portal.

How to mount sliding doors or partitions yourself?

The use of such systems allows you to optimize space, which is especially important for apartments with a small area. One of the articles on our portal talks about a different type. And the other provides detailed step-by-step instructions for.

Materials for the construction of stationary partitions

If it is decided to build a stationary version of the partition in the apartment, then you will have to decide what to build it from.

In cases where, for some reason, it is necessary to replace the old partition with a new one, it is often possible to use the same material from which the first one was built. In old houses, brick was most often used for this purpose. However, it is quite possible to replace it with modern designs - the main thing is that the materials used for this purpose do not exceed those previously used in weight.

If the partition will be mounted in a place where it has never been, then it is recommended to legitimize such an alteration in advance. That is, obtain permission from the relevant organizations, which will evaluate the design possibilities of the house and the ability of the floors to withstand additional walls made of one or another material.

So, in order to decide on the choice of material for installing the partition, it is worth considering different options.

brick partition

If permission has been obtained to build a brick partition, then you should know some information about the technical features of this material, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.

For laying partitions, solid brick and having voids can be used. It is quite obvious that for internal partitioning structures it is best to use a hollow version, since it has less weight, higher thermal and sound insulation qualities. Thus, the density of a solid brick is 1600÷1900 kg/m³, and the density of a material having internal voids is 1200÷1500 kg/m³

To virtues Partitions built of bricks can be safely attributed to the following qualities of the material:

• Fairly high soundproofing properties of masonry. So, such partitions, built of solid red brick, lined with a plaster layer on both sides, have the following sound insulation index:

- Masonry in two bricks, 530 mm thick, taking into account the plaster layer - 60 dB. Very good, however, this thickness is categorically not suitable for partitions in apartment buildings. The fact is that it will give too high additional load on the supporting structures of the building.

- Masonry in one brick with a thickness (including plaster) of 260 ÷ 270 mm - 54 dB. A wall of this thickness may be permitted in rooms on the lower floors of an apartment building.

– Half-brick masonry, having a thickness of 130÷150mm together with plaster - 48 dB. This is - most favorable and the most commonly used option for the construction of interior partitions.

The sound insulation index is considered normal for walls, which is 50 ÷ 52 dB.

• Brick is an environmentally friendly material, as it is made from natural raw materials. In the process of its production, no toxic substances are used, and the masonry will never emit harmful fumes into the environment.
• Brick is resistant to moisture, so it is used without any restrictions to create partitions in bathrooms, showers, etc.
• There is no doubt the strength and durability of properly executed brickwork.

To shortcomings brick as a material for the construction of internal partitions can be attributed to the following features:

• Considerable the weight of the material creates a high load on the supporting structure of the house. So, a square meter of half-brick masonry, made of solid brick, whose weight is 3.3 ÷ 4.3 kg, is 95.7 ÷ 124.7 kg, since 29 products are required for laying one square meter. One hollow brick has a weight of about 2.5 kg. This means that 1 m² of masonry will give an additional load of an average of 72.5 kg.
• Due to the small size of the brick, the construction of the partition takes quite a lot of time.
• Good skills in masonry technology are required. Only at first sight it seems that laying a brick is simple, however, some skill is needed in this work, otherwise the wall will turn out to be crooked. If there is no experience of a bricklayer, then you will have to invite a qualified master, and his work is not cheap - this means that you will have to "fork out" for additional costs. Judging by the ads of the craftsmen offering their services, the cost of work for one "square" is approximately comparable to the price of a brick that will go into laying such an area.
• After completion of the masonry, as a rule, plaster work follows. And they, in turn, not only take a lot of time, given the drying of the solution, but also add dirt to the room. In addition, plastering a surface with a high quality result is also a very difficult task, accessible to a master finisher with considerable experience.
• Do not forget that the plastered surface also requires decorative finishing - this is also a fairly large amount of work and considerable funds.
• The need for a large amount of materials for the manufacture of masonry mortar, which will have to be purchased, delivered to the house and raised to the floor, should also be taken into account. . For reference - laying 1 m² of a half-brick partition will require a minimum of about 10 kg of cement and 30 kg of sand.

Having studied all the details of building a brick wall, you should immediately assess your strengths and financial capabilities. And also think about the fact that it might make sense to dwell on another, less difficult material for self-assembly.

Partition of foam concrete blocks

Foam concrete and aerated concrete are materials similar to each other, from which blocks are made for the construction of both external walls and internal partitions. To understand what they are, it is necessary to study their characteristics.

This material is obtained by mixing cement, sand and foaming agent with the addition of water to them. Thanks to the foaming agent, closed air bubbles are formed in the structure of the solution, which increase the volume of the material by almost five times, giving it a cellular gas-filled structure.

Foam concrete has good performance characteristics, quite suitable for the construction of partitions. Therefore, such material has become very widespread in new buildings, when the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment is divided into separate rooms.

Foam concrete blocks can be characterized by the following indicators.

• Strength. The foamed solution, hardening at natural temperatures, gains the required design strength after about 28 days. During operation, the strength indicators increase. So, if after 28 days after manufacture it is 1.0, then after a year it is already 1.5, and after five years - 1.8 MPa.
• Thermal insulation qualities. The thermal conductivity of foam blocks of low density (those used for partitions) is only 0.10–0.16 W / m² × ° With. Therefore, in rooms separated by such partitions, both heat in winter and coolness in summer will be equally well preserved.
• Breathability. Foam concrete is a "breathable" material, therefore, the air in the rooms does not stagnate. This means that there will be no stagnation of moisture in the material, and pockets of mold will not form on the walls.
• Soundproofing. If it is necessary that this indicator be as high as possible, a material of lower density should be chosen for the partition. In such blocks, a more pronounced porous air-filled a structure that is both a good insulation and effective sound insulation. Therefore, for partitions, foam blocks of the D 400 ÷ 600 brand are most often chosen.

According to the requirements of SNiP, the sound insulation index for fencing structures should be 52–60 dB. However, the foam blocks are a little short of this value, since their sound insulation index is at a thickness of 200 mm - 40 dB, 250 mm - 42 dB, 300 mm - 45 dB. So the brick has higher soundproofing qualities.

• Frost resistance. This parameter is not particularly important for internal partitions, but a few words must also be said about it. Foam blocks are resistant to temperature extremes, and their frost resistance is F35 - F70. The digital indicator indicates the number of cycles of complete freezing and thawing that the material is able to withstand without violating the internal structure of the blocks and without losing its performance characteristics.

• Material shrinkage. Foam concrete masonry practically does not shrink, or rather, it is no more than 2.5 ÷ 3 mm per square meter. This, of course, applies to material that has gained brand strength. Therefore, finishing work on the surfaces of the partition can be started almost immediately after the erection of the wall.
• Foam blocks do not contain toxic substances, so they can be called environmentally friendly material.
• Processing of foam blocks. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw. Therefore, to fit the blocks when the need arises, no special tools or equipment are required, no special skills are needed.
• Material weight and dimensions. Foam blocks can have different sizes, however, the following are considered the most popular for partitions - length 600 mm, height 300 mm, thickness from 100 to 200 mm. In terms of mass, there is a significant gain compared to even hollow bricks (on average, almost 2.5 times).

The mass of one block of standard sizes, depending on the brand of foam concrete

(brand in this case is considered an indicator of the density of the material, kg / m³)

There are many other standards for the production of foam concrete blocks. Dimensions in length and height can be different, but it makes no sense to make the thickness for partitions more than 150, maximum 200 mm. This is an excessive weighting of the structure, and unjustified costs of material resources and physical strength, and an uneconomical attitude towards the usable area of ​​the resulting rooms.

• moisture absorption. Due to the fact that the blocks are quite hygroscopic, that is, they absorb moisture well, their weight, which is indicated in the table, corresponds to 75% of air humidity. So, moisture absorption foam concrete is up to 14% of the total mass, while brick has an indicator of 12%. As you can see, the difference is not particularly significant, especially since the partitions will still be lined with decorative trim, which will become a protective layer from direct water ingress on the surface.
• The price of foam blocks. The cost of a cubic meter of this material is 2÷2.5 times lower than for a brick.

Due to their size and relatively low weight, foam blocks are convenient both in transportation and in masonry. It is quite understandable - instead of several bricks that need to be adjusted to each other, one block is laid, which greatly speeds up the work. In addition, the brick is laid out on the mortar, with a seam thickness of at least 5 mm. The installation of foam concrete partitions is usually carried out on special adhesives, which are used very economically. And the thickness of the seam at the same time almost never exceeds 2.5 ÷ 3 mm, and sometimes less.

So, having familiarized yourself with the main characteristics of foam concrete, we can conclude that a partition erected from it will cost less than a brick version. And due to the fact that the blocks have quite large dimensions with a small mass and usually a very accurate "geometry", of which it is quite possible to try to fold the partition yourself.

How many blocks or bricks will be needed for a partition?

If the option of a partition made of brick or gas silicate blocks is chosen, then you can immediately calculate the required amount of material. To do this, we suggest using the online calculator below.

A few notes on working with it:

• The first step is to specify the dimensions of the partition - its length and height.
• Doorways are often arranged in the partition, where, of course, masonry is not carried out. So you can specify the number of such openings and their dimensions - their area will be subtracted from the total.
• Next, a choice is made - gas silicate blocks or bricks. In accordance with the choice, the necessary fields will appear for specifying the dimensions of the material, and for brick - also the type of masonry - half-brick or brick.
• For gas silicate blocks, the thickness of the seam, due to its insignificance compared to the dimensions of the blocks themselves, is not taken into account. For brick, calculations will be carried out taking into account the thickness of the seam of 5 mm.
• The construction of the partition can be carried out almost without waste. However, a small margin never hurts. In the last input field, you can specify which material reserve to include in the calculation.
• The final value will be shown in pieces. Accordingly, based on the chosen direction of calculation - blocks or bricks.

Construction is a process of meticulous planning and choice of materials, selection of decor and creation of comfort. It is very important to clearly understand your wishes at the very beginning of the construction process. Now, when buying a house or apartment, you can easily find an option with a free layout.

This type of property is gaining more and more popularity, due to the buyer's freedom of action for redevelopment and home design. To create your own housing plan, you must independently build interior partitions. Often, foam blocks are used to reduce interior partitions.

The main characteristics of foam blocks

The indisputable advantage of foam blocks is their price.

But they also have other strengths:

Partitions in the apartment: disadvantages of drywall constructions

For the construction of partitions from drywall sheets, it should be understood that, along with obvious advantages, such as:

• construction speed. The material is quite light and transportable, easy to cut and modify.
• occupied place. Structures using plasterboard structures are attached to the frame, and the thickness of the walls can be only 5 cm.
• soundproofing. The level of sound insulation is quite high for such a thin material.
• practicality. In empty cavities, you can lay wiring cables or wiring water pipes.

There are also a number of disadvantages:

• mechanical strength. With even a small physical impact, deformation of the sheet is possible. It is possible to break through it, even just by leaning on it.
• moisture resistance. Plasterboard sheets are very afraid of exposure to moisture, so the flooding of neighbors from above will inevitably lead to an update of the repair.
• density. It should be understood that drywall is a rather fragile material, and you cannot hang, say, a shelf on it. From such an impact, the sheet may burst, and the shelf may fall. But, things like paintings, photographs, he will stand.

In general, it should be understood that using only drywall sheets as partitions can be a budget solution, but the question of practicality and strength remains.

When choosing partitions, pay attention to the strength of the material, installation features and sound insulation, price.

Now the market offers three solutions to the issue of interior partitions.

The first is the use of drywall. The second is brick, and the third is tongue-and-groove blocks.

Tongue-and-groove blocks, as a variant of interior partitions

The variant of tongue-and-groove blocks is the most economical. The blocks are equally well suited for the construction of single partitions, and for creating partitions in the box format, where you can additionally hide various kinds of communications, such as water pipes or electrical wires.

The tongue-and-groove blocks are distinguished by a high level of hydrophobicity, and have already found wide application in the arrangement of bathrooms. Along with this, blocks of this type are characterized by low thermal conductivity, which makes them attractive for the construction of partition walls in commercial buildings.

The presence of a protrusion on top, and a groove on the bottom, improves grip and simplifies their installation. The invariable advantage of tongue-and-groove blocks is the ease of finishing, after their installation, since even plastering the surface is not necessary, you can immediately glue the wallpaper, after applying a primer layer.

Making walls: what you need to know

When installing blocks, the first thing you should pay attention to is the floor - it should be almost even. If the floor has flaws, it must first be leveled using special mixtures.

Before installation, the blocks must be brought into the room where the partition will be built, for their acclimatization.

This step should be done at least a day before construction. Next, you need to remove all kinds of debris and dust, for a better hitch of the block, putty and your floor.

For laying foam blocks, a special glue is used, which is applied to the base of the floor and the junction on the walls.

First, you should mark the outline of the wall, both on the floor and on the adjacent wall. Alternatively, you can lay a metal profile that will guide the masonry.

The blocks are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the protrusion is inserted into the groove from top to bottom, therefore, when laying the first layer, the protrusion is cut off and installed with the groove up. When the first row is installed, you should cut one block into two parts, and start the installation from it. This is necessary to create a wall, in the form of a checkerboard. This action will increase the strength of the wall at times.

When laying subsequent layers, the adhesive mortar must be applied to the seam, and after installing the plate, press it well to make a tight, well-glued joint. Excess glue is taken with a spatula and placed in the groove of the next row.

When installing the wall, it is worth letting the glue dry, and not laying more than five rows a day - this will eliminate the possibility of tilting individual parts of the wall. If a door is planned in the wall being erected, it is worth investing several bars of reinforcement so that the over-door part of the wall does not fall from its own pressure.

Calculate the number of blocks

To calculate the number of blocks, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the partition and the volume of masonry. The dimensions of the blocks should be selected according to the required thickness of the partitions, if it is monolithic. The volume of masonry is the derivative of the width of the wall times the height.

If the wall is hollow, then the volume must be multiplied by two, and also add the volume of the wall, which will be between the two components of the hollow wall.

To this figure, you must add another 10 percent of the figure received, based on trimmed parts and damaged blocks during the delivery process.

Block stacking

We considered the beginning and preparation of masonry earlier, but we will dwell in more detail. Having prepared the place, and having laid the first block, the next one must be placed on the reverse side, and a fishing line should be pulled between them, which will be a guide when laying the entire row. When laying each paired row, it is worth starting with half of the block to create a checkerboard pattern.

Do not allow a seam thickness of more than 3-5 mm, as this affects the strength of the structure.

If possible, the rows should be laid with a gap of 3 hours, then the maximum probability that the wall will not be sloping.

After laying each row, you need to check yourself using the building level. Every third row involves reinforcement, and every third row must be checked with a vertical level. It is better to apply the solution or adhesive with a comb - this will create an even layer and improve the adhesion of the two blocks.

We prepare openings

When the main masonry comes to an end, the guide frame can be disassembled and the openings prepared. The places of openings need to be thought out in advance, and at the end of construction, only trim the protrusions of the outline.

If the location of the opening has suddenly changed, or there is a need to make an additional one, a reciprocating saw is an excellent tool for this. First you need to outline the outline of the opening using a tape measure and a level, and the opening should be made larger than the finished doors or window.

The blocks above the opening should be strengthened by laying the reinforcement: in the blocks, parallel to the line of the opening, an incision is made up to 10 cm deep and a rod from the reinforcement is laid, which is then plastered. Before finishing the walls, electrical wiring is laid.

How to strengthen the walls of foam blocks?

Strengthening the wall of blocks can be done internally or externally. Internal strengthening involves laying reinforcement every 3-4 rows of wall laying.

Externally, the wall can be strengthened:

• plaster. This option is quite simple, but not very reliable, since at the slightest impact, it can crumble.
• drywall. Installing drywall sheets on a block wall will certainly strengthen the structure and make it more resistant to physical impact.
• wood. The blocks can be sheathed with wooden clapboard, and the issue of decorating the wall can be immediately solved, or it can be sheathed with chipboard, but wallpaper cannot be glued on such material.

The most practical option is to use drywall, as you can easily paste wallpaper or install tiles.

Partitions in the studio apartment: possible options and their features

The studio apartment is characterized by a large amount of space not limited in the division into rooms. In the interior, it is only possible to highlight certain zones. To separate these zones, the owners install partitions. For a studio apartment, a stationary or sliding partition can be used.

As a rule, this type of apartment is quite small in size and it is unreasonable to reduce it even more with massive partitions, so sliding partitions are very popular.

Sliding partitions are made on the principle of a sliding wardrobe, and are produced in glass or plastic versions, which allows you to choose the desired pattern and color scheme.

Glass partitions have many advantages:

Along with a lot of pluses, it is worth saying that the material is quite expensive, and only professionals can do the installation, and you will have to pay extra for the creative.

Often, the bedroom area is separated from the rest of the apartment, and if we talk about the stationary option, then it does not have to be a wall: it can be a bamboo wall with large gaps, a bookcase installed in such a way that it covers the intimate area from prying eyes.

The installation of partitions in an apartment or house is designed to divide the space into certain zones, so before choosing a material, you should clearly define the purpose of their installation.

Redevelopment of an apartment is not an easy task, for which, in most cases, interior partitions are created. What is the best way to make these practical structures that divide the space into cozy and functional areas, what materials to use? The main types of partitions that are being built in residential premises are discussed in this article.

in the house: requirements

Even before the redevelopment of housing, it is necessary to determine the main goals that the owners seek to achieve. To answer the question of what it is better to build interior partitions from, it is necessary to understand the main requirements for them in a given situation.

Regardless of where exactly the new wall is located, the design must be characterized by strength, provide the ability to fix shelves and household appliances on it. However, the excessive strength of the material is also not welcome, which is associated with possible difficulties in the installation of electrical wiring.

Interior partitions in the house, when it comes to systems that provide complete insulation (enclosing), must retain sound quality. Designs, with the help of which only a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is allocated, are not subject to such requirements. Moisture resistance is necessary for walls that are used in the bathroom, in the kitchen and in other places characterized by high humidity.

Pros and cons of drywall

This material is a practical solution for small spaces, studio apartments. Structures are erected to highlight the space that plays the role of a nursery, an office, a recreation area. The absence of smell, harmful impurities, maintaining a favorable climate in the rooms are the main advantages that interior partitions made of plasterboard have. Photos of such devices will help to verify their external attractiveness.

Other advantages of the structures can be noted, among which are light weight, quick installation, resistance to fire, affordable cost. Due to its impeccable evenness, the surface can be shaped by any means, from painting to tiling. Drywall is a material that takes almost any form.

However, even a special variety designed for wet areas quickly fails under the influence of water. For bathrooms, kitchens, it is better to dwell on a different material, rejecting plasterboard interior partitions. A photo of this design looks charming. However, the fragility of drywall excludes the placement of heavy objects on such walls, unless additional reinforcement of the frame is carried out.

We build wooden partitions

Such designs are in high demand among owners of suburban real estate. Wooden interior partitions attract with absolute harmlessness, as they are made from natural materials. The installation of such devices gives the premises a unique microclimate that has a healing effect on health. They do not pose a threat to mechanical stress, they easily take on increased loads.

If it is carried out in a cottage decorated in a rural style, appropriate interior partitions are required. From what it is better to create walls in this situation, if not from wood. It can be easily painted, if desired, can be decorated with a unique carving that creates the effect of respectability, elitism.

However, there are also negative sides. Moisture resistance does not belong to the long list of advantages that natural wood has. Wooden structures are absolutely not suitable for bathrooms. Another disadvantage is the complexity of the installation, the material needs to be carefully processed. The level of sound insulation provided by such products is average.

Pros and cons of PVC, aluminum

What is better to make an interior partition from, if you want the redevelopment of the apartment to be quick and inexpensive? It offers homeowners such modern materials as aluminum, PVC. Products are characterized by approximately the same reliability, their installation takes a minimum of time. Among the advantages can be noted resistance to dampness, temperature fluctuations.

PVC or aluminum? If you need flexibility, complexity of forms, it is best to stop at the second option. Both materials easily acquire any color at the request of the owners. The practicality of the surface, high resistance to dirt allow you to devote a minimum of time to cleaning, to refuse frequent cleaning. Immunity to fire is an obvious plus of products.

If you need durable interior partitions, what is the best way to create them? Definitely not PVC or aluminium, as both materials are prone to deformation. Permissible loads do not go beyond 3 kg, otherwise the structures will suffer.

We create partitions from aerated concrete

Aerated concrete products are of great interest to every homeowner who hopes to solve the problem of sound insulation through redevelopment. The cellular structure, which characterizes such structures, guarantees the full circulation of air in space. Aerated concrete walls not only maintain an attractive atmosphere in the rooms, but are also absolutely safe, do not include harmful ingredients.

If great importance is attached to the strength that interior partitions are endowed with, what is the best way to build them? Aerated concrete structures can easily withstand the installation of heavy objects on them, they will not collapse under the influence of the weight of household appliances. Special characteristics give products resistance to fire, provide light weight. Installation is easy due to the flexibility of aerated concrete.

The main disadvantage is the tendency of the material to accumulate water, which precludes its successful use in the bathroom. It also takes a lot of time to finish the surface that needs pre-plastering.

Pros and cons of brick

Reliability, strength, durability - brick interior walls have all these qualities. It is possible without a doubt to mount large-sized hanging furniture on such structures. Among the advantages of this choice are excellent indicators of thermal insulation, sound insulation. Finally, brick devices are affordable when compared to many other materials in demand today.

The main disadvantage that homeowners who decide to redevelop through the construction of brick devices will have to face is the duration of the process. In addition, they are not suitable for every type of building; it may be necessary to pre-strengthen the supporting structures.

Pros and cons of glass

Most fencing devices, no matter how light and compact they are, create the effect of space congestion. This is what makes many owners of apartments and houses lean in favor of such an option as glass interior partitions. Products not only do not steal the useful area, but also visually push the boundaries, filling the room with light and air.

Do not be afraid of excessive fragility, which can be characterized by structures. Glass interior partitions are made of a special material that is extremely difficult to break. They are practical, instantly cleaned of dirt, without turning cleaning into a lengthy process. The versatility inherent in the blocks allows them to organically fit into any interior style.

Interroom glass and fixed, not intended for installation of other objects on them. Also, many potential buyers are scared away by the rather high cost of products.

Glass block partitions: features

The structures are bricks made of thick glass. They can have a different surface, from corrugated to smooth. There are also color options with which to create a fancy design.

Resistance to fire, temperature fluctuations, strength - glass blocks are endowed with all the positive properties. However, they are not intended for hanging other objects, they cannot be cut and sawn. There is no possibility of laying communications.

Often, buyers hesitate between glass blocks and other materials when they plan to make interior partitions. What is better, the photo will tell you the fastest. The advantage inherent in glass blocks is the ability to turn them into real ones, experiment with patterns, and achieve uniqueness.

What are "harmonicas" made of?

Stationary structures are becoming less and less popular, gradually giving way to sliding counterparts. Such devices are ideal if owners want to organize separate zones without overloading the space and without wasting usable space. They can move apart during the day and return to their place at night. For example, this option is relevant when allocating a children's corner.

Soundproofing, which is provided by sliding systems, depends on what material was used in their manufacture. Interrooms are successfully created from glass, wood, PVC and other bases. They provide maximum preservation of usable area, which is important in conditions of small apartments.

Choosing partitions for the bathroom

There are various situations in which bathroom enclosures may be required. Most often they are installed when the owners want to designate a bathroom, if we are talking about a combined room. Also, with the help of lightweight structures, you can select a shower area, a dressing room.

Glass, glass blocks, drywall are materials favored by designers thinking about bathroom layouts. Plasterboard products must have special protection against moisture, they provide a wide field for experimenting with forms. Glass systems are more durable, whether we are talking about whole canvases or blocks.

Choosing partitions for the kitchen

The selection of the kitchen is a task that often confronts the owners of a studio apartment. In addition, redevelopment may be required if you want to separate the dining area, in which family members can enjoy joint meals. Aluminum, plastic and wood products are most often ordered, although other options are available.

Despite the fact that natural wood does not belong to the category of moisture resistant materials, they like to use it in the kitchen when organizing fences. It is not surprising, because such devices fill the room with home comfort and warmth, and are environmentally friendly. Aluminum and plastic have their advantages.

We take into account the style

You can not choose interior partitions without paying attention to a single interior style set by the designer. For example, ultra-modern decor needs appropriate support, the role of which can be played by glass and plastic products. Classical design requires a different approach; strict and refined wooden partitions are more likely to fit into such rooms. Materials like brick are versatile and practical, and look harmonious in almost any environment, from loft style to rural interiors.

Fences, if selected and installed professionally, taking into account the characteristics inherent in each type, are able to function for many years. By dividing a spacious room into comfortable zones, its owners make a contribution to the convenience of their living.

Internal partitions require the selection of appropriate materials. There are many materials and technologies on the market - brick, concrete, drywall.

How to choose the right material, what are the interior partitions, what is better to do, the advantages, disadvantages of various options, how to build a good, durable partition at no extra cost - these issues are discussed in this article.

Popular materials

In some cases, the walls must be strong enough, be able to withstand the weight of objects suspended on them (sometimes heavy), and must have good sound insulation. There are many solutions for the construction of internal partitions:

• concrete blocks,
• ceramic materials (ordinary, hollow brick),
• clinker,
• concrete,
• drywall,
• silicate blocks,
• expanded clay blocks,
• lightweight concrete blocks.

Clay hollow brick is less durable than clinker. Below we will talk about the most common technologies used in construction, which partitions are better in an apartment, what is cheaper, more durable to build bulkheads, what properties different materials have.

Brick, clinker

A popular traditional material for the construction of partitions is brick. There are several types of brick walls.

Advantages:

• brick has better sound insulation;
• high strength;
• heavy objects can be hung on walls made of solid bricks, clinker, a similar situation is in the case of hollow bricks, but in this case reinforced fasteners should be used to hang heavy objects, as they may end up in voids;
• brick structures are highly resistant to mechanical damage.

Disadvantages:

• Walls made of solid, hollow bricks, clinker are very heavy, significantly increasing the load on the floor.
• Usually bricks are used (full, hollow, clinker) with dimensions of 25 x 12 x 6.5 cm. The construction of the inner wall is laborious: 60 bricks per 1 m² of wall, a large amount of mortar.
• The brick has large deviations in dimensions, uneven surfaces. After its installation, plastering of the wall will be required, the thickness of the plaster layer is at least 1.0-1.5 cm, which increases the cost and duration of construction.

Due to their high weight, brick partitions are placed on a reinforced floor, for example, on properly designed reinforced concrete beams supported by load-bearing walls. You should be careful when changing the location of the walls on the upper floors. When making changes, be sure to consult with designers, specialists in the construction industry.

Which brick is better? The use of hollow bricks can reduce the weight of the partition by 20-30%. However, a hollow brick wall has less soundproofing properties than a conventional brick wall.

Finishing work can be accelerated if, instead of plastering, finish with plasterboard panels. Drywall does not need to be plastered, it is enough to apply putty before painting, wallpapering.

Clinker brick partitions are not plastered, this solution is expensive due to high prices for good quality clinker.
Aerated concrete - a common material, like drywall, is characterized by a fairly low cost of construction.

ceramic brick

This building material with a thickness of 11.5 cm is often used for the construction of walls.

Advantages:

• relatively inexpensive, cheaper than solid, hollow bricks;
• allows for a faster erection of the structure than in the case of standard brick walls, due to the larger size (50 x 20 x 11.5 cm), easy installation;
• such brick walls provide good acoustic parameters indoors;
• allows you to hang heavy objects, special spring pins should be used.

Ceramic brick walls are finished in different ways:

1. plaster with plaster 1.0-1.5 cm thick;
2. finished with drywall.

The walls can be realized with concrete blocks or ceramic materials such as solid bricks, hollow bricks, clinker. Clay bricks are less durable than clinker. There are several interesting alternatives to these materials - silicate blocks for interior walls in an apartment, blocks of expanded clay, lightweight concrete.

Wall of luxfers or glass blocks

Sometimes glass blocks (luxspheres) are used, creating certain stylizations. Luxspheres - an alternative to drywall constructions, gives interesting decorative effects. This material is successfully used as a wall between the kitchen and the living room, other rooms, if it fits the interior styling.

Luxspheres in the interior, photo

Aerated concrete blocks

Aerated concrete blocks are a popular material for building walls.

Advantages of aerated concrete:

• ease of cutting, forming almost any surface;
• they can quickly drill grooves for wiring.
• on the walls it is relatively easy to fix any defects, chips;
• a standard aerated concrete block has dimensions of 60 x 20 x 11.5 cm, allowing you to quickly build walls, provides a lower consumption of mortar compared to brick;
• unlike bricks, concrete blocks are produced with a low dimensional deviation, so thin masonry joints can be used, a thinner layer of plaster (0.8-1.0 cm) can be applied.

Disadvantages:

• much worse sound insulation than brick of any kind, you need to consider the purpose of the room;
• aerated concrete has a relatively low strength, so you need to carefully hang heavy objects;
• cellular concrete walls are less resistant to mechanical damage,
• due to poor sound insulation, a thicker layer of plaster (1.5 cm) is recommended for aerated concrete walls in residential premises, which increases the ability to absorb sound. There are also special drywall boards with an extra layer of soundproofing, but this greatly increases the overall cost of building a wall.

Expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay blocks are an interesting alternative for those who like to use concrete blocks.

Advantages:

• high strength will allow you to hang heavy objects (but less durable than brick);
• better absorb sound;
• the cost of a claydite-concrete wall is lower than the cost of a partition made of conventional concrete blocks.

Expanded clay blocks are placed on a standard solution, finished:

• ordinary gypsum plaster;
• lime;
• cement;
• clay (ecological plaster).

silicate blocks

Silicate blocks are:

1. full;
2. hollow, having special grooves, for example, for laying cables, which allows you not to make grooves in the wall.

Advantages:

• excellent acoustic characteristics - blocks with a thickness of 8 cm are characterized by high standards of sound insulation, providing acoustic comfort;
• silicate blocks are made with high precision, do not require a large thickness of plaster - usually a plaster thickness of 0.5-0.8 cm is required;
• silicates are characterized by high strength, resistance to heavy weight - you can easily hang heavy objects on them without damaging the wall;
• the cost of a silicate block partition is comparable to the cost of a clay brick partition; but bricks need to be plastered, silicate walls can be left unplastered, which reduces the cost.

What interior partition will be a compromise in terms of cost savings, sufficient strength, sound insulation? These are drywall walls.

Drywall interior partitions

Modern wall partitions between rooms are often made of plasterboard. There are waterproof panels used as partitions in bathrooms. The walls are two plasterboard surfaces mounted on special metal profiles. Between them, a mineral wool filler can be located. The total thickness of such a wall is usually 12 cm.

Advantages of drywall partitions:

• have an average ability to absorb sound;
• contribute to a good microclimate in the room, due to the ability of gypsum to absorb, give off moisture contained in the air;
• do not require plastering, enough putty;
• construction speed.

Disadvantages:

• Heavy objects on drywall structures should be placed carefully, they are not as strong as brick walls - hanging heavy objects without special installation is not recommended. Usually, if there is a need to hang a heavy object, fasteners are fixed on a metal profile located inside the partition. After finishing, it is not always possible to determine exactly where the profile components are located, so fasteners should be planned and marked in advance.
• A significant drawback of frame structures is low resistance to shock and damage.
• When using drywall in bathrooms, an extra layer of moisture insulation is recommended, even on waterproof boards.

Drywall frame structures are a cost-effective, quickly erected solution. If good quality mineral wool is used for the construction, decent sound insulation can be achieved. Unfortunately, even the best materials will not give such performance as bricks, hollow blocks of concrete, silicates.

What to choose?

This question worries many at the stage of project planning, construction budget or home renovation. We examined the most popular options for the implementation of interior partitions.

• Under normal conditions, it is recommended to make partitions from hollow ceramic, silicate bricks. Both solutions provide high insulation parameters and are relatively quickly erected. In the case of high-quality silicates, it is possible not to plaster the surface, which leads to a reduction in construction costs.
• If you want to achieve maximum sound insulation, the walls are made of solid bricks. Such a decision must be made at the design stage in order to properly reinforce the floor under the partition.
• Concrete blocks, expanded clay give a limited possibility of hanging heavy objects.
• The choice of expensive solutions - clinker, glass blocks will give good acoustic properties, high strength, but the price is quite high.

What are the partitions in the apartment made of? To answer this question, you should first familiarize yourself with the existing materials and the conditions for their use. Today, the most diverse material is used for partitions in an apartment or residential building. Moreover, their type and overall dimensions depend on the purpose of the separated space. But before getting acquainted with the types of partitions, you should understand the very concept of dividing a room or zoning it.

What is the best way to make an interior partition so that the room is isolated from other rooms? Here it is better to use a denser or durable material that has high sound insulation performance. Such partitions in apartments are most often installed in order to create a separate room for children or a study. Not only soundproofing is important here, but also the vibration resistance of the walls. What is the alternative? Alternatively, the inner wall can be made of cheaper expanded clay blocks, gypsum blocks and foam blocks.

Internal partitions in the apartment are symbolic, and most often just decoration of the room. They only visually divide the room into two or more specific zones. Such interior partitions in an apartment are most often installed, for example, in the living room to separate the dining room and the recreation area; in the large bedroom, you can thus separate the work area (study) from the main area.

Construction of insulated walls

Let us consider in more detail the methods of erecting insulated walls, for example, internal partitions made of foam blocks or expanded clay blocks in order to obtain a secluded space. But first of all, it should be noted that, according to generally accepted standards, blind partitions can only be installed in rooms with several sources of natural light, that is, in which there are two or more windows. If the partition will be erected in other places, then permission from the BTI and a new project will be required. Therefore, the first thing we consider is the conditions for installing partitions in an apartment.

Conditions for installing partitions in an apartment

It is forbidden to make capital partitions in the following cases:

• in order to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe kitchen, bathroom or toilet at the expense of living space;
• in the same way, reduce the kitchen or bathroom in order to increase living space;
• equip a sanitary unit above the kitchen of the neighbors below;
• carry out the transfer of the kitchen to the living area;
• if there is a gas stove, it is forbidden to combine the kitchen and living quarters;
• divide the living space into two or more with one source of natural light (windows).

In addition to the places for installing partitions, you should also take into account some technical aspects that will determine what it is better to make interior partitions from. These include the following:

• it is forbidden to demolish partitions in order to transfer them, if they are load-bearing;
• installation of heavy partitions should be carried out only on a solid foundation (reinforced concrete monolithic, brick or block, with its density not less than D600, wall); in other cases, walls can be laid from foam blocks 10 cm thick or made according to the frame.

The table below compares several materials according to their physical characteristics, which are decisive when choosing a particular type.

The table shows that the warmest material is gas or gas silicate blocks for partitions in an apartment, but at the same time it has less strength due to its high porosity. The most durable material is brick, but due to the high density of the material, its weight is very large: 1 m 2 of masonry weighs 250 kg. In comparison with gas blocks, the weight of one element is from 5 to 10 kg with dimensions of 600x300x100 mm, they are more than 4 times heavier and, therefore, will create a greater load on the floors. As for soundproofing characteristics, gas blocks and foam blocks have better insulating properties due to the presence of many gas bubbles. But also from the table you can see how foam concrete differs from aerated concrete, the pros and cons of both types are obvious.

Types of materials for partitions

Brickwork

For the construction of partitions in rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to use a material with a low moisture absorption coefficient. This has a brick or green color. At the same time, it is better to use hollow material for partitions, since it has at least 30% less weight, but has the same strength.

Brickwork as a partition has several advantages:

• high strength and load capacity;
• bricks can be used to build walls of any curvilinear shape;
• the material is resistant to humid environments and fungal formations; due to poor moisture absorption, it does not form at all.

But there are also disadvantages:

• high weight of the partition;
• high curvature of the surface after laying, which will require additional plastering, but in the case of tile installation, this does not play a special role;
• high labor intensity of work;
• lots of associated dirt.

Masonry brick calculator

Partitions from gas blocks and foam blocks

What is the difference between aerated concrete and foam concrete? These materials are quite similar to each other, but they have a number of differences, which are as follows:

• Mode of production. Aerated concrete blocks are made by baking in autoclaves, unlike foam blocks, which harden under normal conditions and can be made directly at the construction site.
• Chemical composition. They contain in their composition a greater amount of cement than in the first version, which makes them stronger and more moisture resistant.
• Foam blocks are less susceptible to processing due to the greater proportion of cement.

Considering all of the above, we can confidently answer the question of what is stronger - a foam block or a gas block. Naturally foam block, but it has a lower thermal insulation coefficient. In particular, for the construction of partitions in an apartment, this does not play a big role.

If the base does not allow the construction of massive and very heavy interior walls, then an interior partition made of foam blocks would be an excellent option. But at the same time, it must always be faced without gaps using tiles, plaster and other means in the case of construction in rooms with high humidity.

Today on sale there is a wide variety of sizes of foam blocks and gas blocks for construction. But for the construction of partitions there are so-called partition blocks. Their sizes can be:

• 600x300x100 mm;
• 600x200x100 mm.

The interroom partition from blocks has a number of advantages:

• Installation of partitions from foam blocks is carried out quite quickly due to the small weight of each block and its impressive size.
• High rates of heat and sound insulation.
• Good fire resistance.
• High indicators of the geometry of the finished masonry.
• Gas and foam blocks can be easily processed with any tools (chisel, hand saw, drill), but it is recommended to use a tool specially designed for this. The hacksaw should have a thick blade and be studded with large double teeth.
• When laying partitions from foam blocks, doorways up to 80 cm wide can be made without the use of metal lintels, but only with the use of an adhesive mixture. More details about.

But just like with any other construction, there are some disadvantages due to the following:

• Gas and foam blocks have deviations in geometric dimensions up to 2 mm, which indicates the need to level the wall with plaster mixtures.
• To exclude the formation of fungus in damp and damp rooms, partitions must be treated with antiseptic protective agents. It must be 100% finished with plaster mixes.
• The surface is less durable than brickwork.

tongue-and-groove slabs

Of no less interest are tongue-and-groove blocks or slabs for partitions in an apartment. This new material, which is based on gypsum, plasticizer and other hydrophobic additives to improve water resistance, has excellent geometric parameters. Also, each plate has a groove and a protrusion (ridge) in its structure to ensure perfect docking of the components among themselves, forming a single flat surface.

Gypsum blocks as a building masonry material have a number of advantages:

• not combustible, and does not deform when exposed to fire for a long time;
• they have excellent geometric parameters, unlike foam block partitions, which indicates a perfectly flat surface and no need for plaster;
• easy to process with any tools;
• have excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating properties;
• have a relatively small weight, approximately equal in volume to a gas block;
• on sale there are plates with voids, which without much difficulty allows you to make the wiring of all necessary communications;
• the light weight of the plates and the large geometric dimensions of each block contribute to the rapid construction of walls and partitions;
• the presence of a groove and a ridge makes the wall stronger than the laying of an interior partition made of foam blocks.

Like any other material, they have disadvantages:

• comparatively low strength of the material;
• high water absorption, up to destruction - for the construction of partitions in rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to use plates with special additives, they have a different green color than usual;
• for the installation of plates, only special gypsum glue should be used.

Partitions from expanded clay concrete blocks

For interior partitions, they are also a good option, because they have good strength, sound and heat insulation, and most importantly, low cost. But one should take into account the fact that a more durable material has less heat retention properties. For the construction of partitions in the apartment, it is enough to use elements with large expanded clay granules. Expanded clay blocks also have pros and cons, which are described below:

• the most fragile expanded clay concrete blocks have a moisture permeability coefficient much less than foam blocks, and is only 50% versus 85%;
• a less durable expanded clay concrete block has a greater strength compared to a foam block, the figure is almost twice;
• laying of expanded clay blocks can be carried out directly on a reinforced concrete base in an apartment, while gypsum or gas blocks should be mounted on a substrate to compensate for the temperature coefficient;