Modern Aborigines of Australia. There are three types of Aboriginal people living in Australia. Decorative and applied art of Australian aborigines
Before the Dutch, who were the first to set foot on the shores of Terra australis incognita, the natives of Australia, representatives of the oldest civilization on the planet, appeared. The indigenous population was not very friendly to the Europeans, who since then “frequented” to New Holland, as the discoverer Willem Janszon called it.
Even Ptolemy drew this mainland on his map. The astronomer, astrologer and geographer was convinced that somewhere in the south there is a piece of land inhabited by people, and its name is Terra australis incognita - “Unknown southern land”. It was under this name that Australia appeared on the maps for a long time, exciting the minds of researchers, involving navigators in the temptation. Only at the beginning of the 17th century (1606) Ptolemy's guesses were confirmed.
Australian Aboriginal lifestyle
According to one version, the natives of Australia appeared on this land 40-60 thousand years ago. Some scientists are sure that the mainland, from which Tasmania and New Guinea had not yet separated, was inhabited 70 thousand years ago. The Aborigines of Australia can be considered the first navigators, because they arrived on the continent by sea.
Typical appearance of an Australian aborigine
For 40 thousand years, the way of life of the Australian Aborigines has not changed much. If you are not Europeans who gradually settled the territory of Australia, the indigenous inhabitants of the continent would still not know about the existence of writing, television and radio. In fairness, it should be noted that in the heart of the "aboriginal" territories - a magical and mysterious outback, the aborigines of Australia have not changed their ancient habits.
Ritual rites of the Australian aborigines
Almost 17% of Australian Aboriginal people live in this barren and arid area, the largest settlement is 2,500 people. There are no schools here, a few children are taught by radio, and medical assistance has been provided to residents only since 1928.
What do Australian Aborigines look like?
If you look at the photos of the natives of Australia, you can see dark-skinned people with a mop of lush curly hair and a wide base of the nose. The front of the skull has a slightly convex shape. The Australian Bushmen, as the indigenous inhabitants of the green continent are sometimes called, are very frail, but muscular.
Australian Aborigines - Bushmen
Interesting fact. If you look at photos of natives living northeast of Australia, in the Solomon Islands, then almost 10% of them are blond with very dark skin. Why? "Tried" European sailors? Special gene? Scientists have argued a lot, but only recently it has been proven that the hair color of these Aborigines of Australia was indeed influenced by a genetic mutation thousands of years ago. Blond Europeans have nothing to do with it.
Photos of the natives of Australia clearly confirm that they can be considered three separate races. In the province of North Queensland live the most ancient representatives of the Australoid race - the aborigines of the Barinean type, distinguished by the darkest skin color.
Scarification is a characteristic type of body decoration of Australian Aborigines.
The valley of Australia's largest river, the Murray, is inhabited by aboriginal Australians of the Murray type. These are people of medium height with a very extensive hairline on the head and body. Scientists believe that they belong to the second wave of migrant seafarers.
Boomerang is a traditional weapon of the Australian aborigine.
In the north of the green continent live the tallest Aborigines of Australia, belonging to the third wave of immigrants. Their skin is darker than that of the Murrays, the vegetation on the body is practically absent, and the mop of hair is also not very dense.
What languages do the Australian aborigines speak?
The language of the natives of Australia by the time the first Europeans landed on the shores of the green continent consisted of 500 dialects. They could well be considered their own dialects or even separate languages, they were so different from each other.
Australian aborigines are characterized by a lean, wiry build and tall stature.
Today, each of the Australian Aboriginal tribes has its own language. His melody is not like any of the European, Asian or African. At the moment, linguists have more than 200 dialects. The vast majority of them exist only in oral speech, writing is developed only among a few tribes.
Traditional Australian Aboriginal dances - imitation of the habits of animals
Interesting fact. Almost all Australian Aboriginal tribes speak English. In 2007, a television channel was opened for the indigenous population of the green continent, which broadcasts in the language of Shakespeare. There are so many adverbs that this is the only acceptable option.
Shrines and customs of the aborigines of Australia
The main object of worship for all Australian Bushmen is the sacred mountain of Uluru. "Concurrently", this is the most mysterious place of the green continent. Aborigines of Australia consider (height - 348 m) - the door between the worlds. Scientists believe that the age of the local shrine is 6 million years. Naturally, there are several names for the rock. Europeans call it Ayres Rock or Ayres, and excursions to the holy site are very popular.
Sacred mountain for the Australian Aborigines - the "heart of Australia" Mount Uluru
Near Uluru, to this day, Australian Aborigines perform their rituals. According to legend, climbing to its top is a sacrilege that can bring on a person the wrath of the spirits that inhabit the other world, and the ancestors who have passed the “Eternal Period of Dreams”. It is worth noting that several accidents that have occurred with "wicked" tourists fully confirm this fact.
Decorative and applied art of Australian aborigines
The main invention of the natives of Australia is boomerangs. It is believed that only a true warrior can control this hunting weapon. Especially for tourists on the eastern coast of the green continent (the town of Tzhapukai), the indigenous people created some kind of national park for tourists, where "inept" foreigners are taught how to handle the original weapons of all Australian tribes. In words it is easy, but in reality it is not so easy. The flight speed of a heavy boomerang can reach 80 km per hour. I didn’t calculate the strength of the throw, swung it wrong - a blow to the head can have serious consequences.
Australian Aboriginal Music
The music of the Australian aborigines is ritual, everyday and ethnic chants. In the tribes inhabiting the northern regions of the green continent, individual singing to the accompaniment of percussion instruments is common. In the south and in the central part of Australia - group singing.
Australian Aboriginal traditional pipe - didgeridoo
Many Australian Aboriginal musical instruments have a sacral (sacred) meaning. This is a magical buzzer, the material for which is stone and wood, with sacred signs applied to them. The sounds that she makes can hardly be called very pleasant to the ear.
In 2-3 hours, an Australian aborigine can provide himself with food while in a desert area - giant worms and insect larvae are eaten
The boomerang is a weapon invented by the Australian aborigines.
The didgeridoo is considered a spiritual instrument, on the creation of which nature itself has worked. This is a tree trunk (eucalyptus or bamboo), the core of which is completely eaten away by termites. Its length varies from 1 to 3 m. Other names for the termite instrument are yedaki and didieridoo. The instrument is decorated with totem drawings of a certain Australian Aboriginal tribe.
The first inhabitants of the Australian continent were the Aborigines. They are also called native Bushmen. The peoples of Australia form an independent Australoid race. They occupy the mainland and nearby islands. Ethnographers distinguish two large groups. Representatives of one occupy continental lands. The descendants of another family live in an archipelago located in
aborigines
The peoples of Australia have a lot in common. Bushmen have dark skin, large features. With Europeans, they are related by growth. The islanders account for about two percent of the indigenous population. A small part of the inhabitants of the strait consider themselves Melanesians. The rest call themselves aborigines.
History reference
The ancestors of modern aborigines appeared on the mainland about fifty thousand years ago. Scientists believe that the first Australians arrived on the continent by sailing from Asia. Bushmen settled near reservoirs with fresh water. They were engaged in picking up edible mushrooms, berries and fruits and were skilled fishermen and hunters.
As soon as the tribe grew, it was divided into several families. Young Bushmen moved away from their relatives in search of new places rich in living creatures. So the peoples of Australia spread throughout the continent. Unusual landscape and other climatic conditions awaited them in new lands. The tribes had to adapt to the inevitable changes. Their way of life changed, and after it their appearance.
One Bushmen got open savannahs. Others have occupied the territory of the mangrove forests. The third went to the swamps. The tribes inhabited deserts and coral shallows, water meadows and lake shores, subalpine foothills and tropical jungles.
resettlement
At the end of the 17th century, colonies of Europeans began to appear on the continent, which began to push the indigenous peoples of Australia. It is believed that at that time about four hundred thousand natives lived on the mainland. But this figure raises a lot of doubts. According to unofficial data, the number of Bushmen exceeded one million people. The decline in the local population was due to the epidemics that the Europeans brought with them. Unfamiliar diseases at times increased the mortality of the natives.
According to the descriptions compiled by the colonists, the indigenous inhabitants of Australia occupied territories located in the north and in the region of large rivers. They basically did not leave their territories, but during the days of trade exchange they met on neutral lands. In 1788 there were about five hundred large tribes. Each family spoke its own language.
Current position
At the moment, the number of aborigines is rapidly increasing. This is due to the high birth rate. In 1967, the indigenous people of Australia became full citizens, they were assigned all the rights listed in the constitution. Today, the state governments are introducing laws that secure the lands of the reservations to the Bushmen. They are self-governing.
A large number of natives speak the Yolngu Matha language. For them, local television broadcasts special channels that are aimed at representatives of national communities. In 2010, cycles of educational television programs were launched. The lessons are devoted to the study of the dialects of the peoples of Australia and Oceania. At the same time, the main broadcast is still conducted in English.
Outstanding representatives of the indigenous population are the performer Jessica Mauboy and actor David Gulpilil, writer David Yunaipon and painter Albert Namatjira, professional football player David Wirrpanda and television presenter Ernie Dingo.
Ethnographers distinguish the following types of national groups inhabiting the territory of the continent:
- barrinoid;
- Carpentarian;
- Murray.
barrinoid group
The tribes of this family live in the tropical thickets of the mainland and occupy the lion's share of the forests of Queensland. This type shares many features with the Melanesian group. The height of the natives is low, barely reaching 157 centimeters. Representatives of the barrinoid type are distinguished by very dark, swarthy skin. They have brown eyes and black curly hair. Beard and mustache grow poorly. The nose of the natives has a concave shape. The teeth of representatives of this group are small and rare, but some natives suffer from macrodontia.
Natives of these tribes can be found today in major cities of Australia and on reservations. Barrinoids have comparatively large heads with a minimum width of the frontal zone. The eyebrows are poorly developed, and the face itself is narrow and elongated. The cheekbones are not sufficiently pronounced.
Carpentarian group
Representatives of this type are common in the northern part of the mainland. Aborigines are distinguished by rich and almost black skin color. They are tall and lean in build. The descendants of this family are rare. They choose quiet and secluded places in the Arnhem Land area and on the lands of Cape York.
The forehead of the Carpentarians has a medium slope. But the eyebrows are strongly pronounced. They are powerful and sometimes merge into a single roller. Aborigines have large teeth. The hair is usually wavy. The hairline on the body and face of the Bushmen is medium. Ethnographers divide the Carpentarian group into two families. The Aboriginal people living in the Arnhem Land area are different from their relatives who have occupied Cape York. The first are tall and stately, the second are more like the Papuans. In the blood of the tribes occupying the Cape York Peninsula, there are admixtures of families belonging to the Murray and Barrinoid types.
Murray group
Scientists are still arguing which peoples inhabit Australia. This question raises many doubts. The life and history of the tribes have not been sufficiently studied. This is due to the disunity of families, many of which are still isolated from civilized society. As for the Murray type, people belonging to this group occupy lands in the south of the continent.
They are distinguished by a relatively light skin tone. There are natives with straight hair. Curly curls are observed in those groups that live in the vicinity. This is explained by the admixture of Tasmanian blood. They actively grow mustaches and beards. Their appearance is closest to that of a European.
The Bushmen have a broad forehead and a large head. The bridge of the nose is characterized by a straight profile. Aborigines have very large teeth. All Murrays are carriers of macrodontia. The slope of the forehead is maximum for Australian Aborigines.
The lower jaw is wide, the development of the brow is not as expressive as in the Carpentarians. The face is high and oblong. The height of the average Murray is 160 centimeters. Since there is not enough anthropological information, the description of the ethnic composition of Australia cannot be called exhaustive.
central region
Australians of English descent are rare visitors to this part of the continent these days. This is the least explored area. It is still inhabited by Aboriginal tribes, which have not yet been assigned to any type. Bushman skull of medium length. The forehead is narrow and high. The face cannot be called round or wide. But the nose is massive. A distinctive feature of the representatives of these tribes is the birth of blond children.
Over time, their curls become darker in color, but among women there are blondes. Men have high growth, developed chest, strong physique.
West
The appearance of the natives living in the west of the continent is somewhat different from the appearance of their neighbors. They have an elongated skull, a narrow face with a strong superciliary relief. The nose is set low, which visually makes the shape of the face appear wider.
Oceania
The peoples inhabiting the Australian part of the island archipelago are represented by Melanesians and Papuans. The former are distinguished by dark skin color. The tribes use different language dialects and are highly divided. Most Melanesians are engaged in agriculture. But there are those who travel the sea. They plow the ocean, moving away from their native shores for vast distances.
The vast majority of the inhabitants are converted to the Catholic and Protestant faith. This is the result of the long work of Christian priests who arrived in Oceania along with the colonists.
Papuans sailed to the shores of Australia from Asia. The migration took place about forty-five thousand years ago. This ethnic group consists of several hundred tribes. The Papuans are engaged in gardening, sometimes they are engaged in fishing. Their clothing tells about the belonging of aborigines to a certain type.
As such, there are no leaders among the Papuan tribes. All issues are resolved by adult men who have a high position in the group.
Residents of each country have a particular mentality. Different habits, different character and different rules of behavior... This is what distinguishes the Japanese from the Chinese, the Americans from the British, the Ukrainians from the Russians. Each nation has its own rich history, which is rooted in the depths of time and forms the face of modern man. Who were the indigenous people of Australia and who lives in the country now? More about this.
The first mention of the Australian continent dates back to the 17th century, but it was explored only a hundred years later - in 1770, James Cook landed on the shore with an expedition. It is from this moment that the European history of the state begins. 18 years later, on January 26, 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip set foot on the shores of the continent, who founded the first settlement, Sydney Cove. This date is still a big holiday in the country and is celebrated as Australia Day.
The history of the settlement of the continent cannot be called romantic: the first settlers were English prisoners, for whom there was simply no place in prisons. They, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, began the exploration of Australia at the end of the 18th century.
Already after 100 years, the group of prisoners has grown to a fully mature society. Immigration was in full swing, wishing to live on the "new continent" flocked from all over the world. Australia became a full-fledged participant in the economic life of Great Britain, and meat and wool were even exported from there.
The authorities tried to impose restrictions on those entering on a racial basis: at one time, Asians were forbidden to immigrate here. But the restrictions did not bring results, so the audience crept up motley. Most visitors are of Asian, New Zealand, English origin.
Of course, it is impossible to fit the history of the formation of an entire nation into one small article. If you are interested in how the British colonized the continent, we advise you to watch this documentary film made by Australians about Australians.
From the moment the British settled, the problems of the indigenous inhabitants of Australia began. Initially, the number was, according to various sources, from 300 thousand to 4 million people, but with the appearance on the mainland of not the most intelligent Englishmen with a criminal record, the number of aborigines began to decline sharply.
Indigenous people of Australia: how did the most ancient civilization fall?
So who were the masters of the continent before Arthur Phillip appeared on it? The indigenous people of Australia are also called Bushmen. There is a theory according to which the Bushmen are the oldest people on Earth. Civilization has more than 70 thousand years! The indigenous inhabitants of Australia are divided into three separate types; at the time of the landing of Europeans, more than 500 languages were spoken on the continent. The main occupations of the Australians were hunting, gathering, construction.
The indigenous people of Australia belong to the race of the same name - Australoids, their facial features are appropriate: dark skin (but lighter than that of Negroids), wide nose, lush hair, very dark and curly
The natives also had a religion, according to which God is nature and all the phenomena that surround a person. Mountains, trees, water are sacred things in which the spirit of mighty gods is hidden.
How does the indigenous population of Australia live today?
The paradox is that Aboriginal descendants could not be Australian citizens until 1967. Until that time, they lived in special reservations - villages, where access to outsiders was closed. They were not taken into account even in the census. Only half a century ago, the indigenous people of Australia received the right to choose their place of residence and move around the country. Not all, however, left the reservation. Moreover, some of them never came to civilization. About ten thousand descendants of the ancient Australoids still live without knowing the written language, the English language, or modern technologies.
Most of the natives dispersed throughout the country, you can meet them in any city. Some work in the field of tourism: they entertain tourists with excursions to fake tribes or real reservations, in which the way of life and way of historical times has been preserved.
As souvenirs, you can buy a variety of gizmos, allegedly made by the hands of the natives. In fact, truly authentic things rarely come across; usually, under their guise, an ordinary village “mass market” is sold. We wrote an article about what souvenirs to buy in the country. Some of them may be no less interesting. Check out the list of the best souvenirs from Australia.
Not far from Australia, in New Zealand there are also aborigines. They are called Maori, which translates as "natural, real." These tribes are remembered as brave people who defend their rights like no other.
Unfortunately, among the natives who moved to large cities, there are many representatives of the marginal segments of the population. A large percentage of the crimes committed in the country are accounted for by them; among the descendants of ancient people, alas, there are often drug addicts and drinkers.
Modern inhabitants of Australia: who are they?
The locals of Australia are full of various types, colors of skin and eyes. This picture is completely unusual for a tourist from Russia, because in our country we see only people who look like us. Everything is mixed up here, therefore, no matter how you look, you will never catch a single sidelong glance on yourself. For the same reason, representatives of different faiths peacefully coexist in the country. Religions were distributed as follows: 26% of the local population of Australia are Protestants, 19% are Catholics, and the rest are less than 5%.
In the country, by local standards, very cheap food. This played a cruel joke on the inhabitants: obesity is very common on the sunny continent.
The number of local residents of Australia is just over 24 million people. This data is for 2016. By 2030, an increase of up to 28 million is expected. The birth rate here is the highest in the world: for every woman, on average, there are 1.9 children. Average life expectancy is also one of the highest - more than 80 years. The majority of Australians are, of course, immigrants from England. Followed by visitors from New Zealand and Italy. There are very few indigenous people in Australia, less than 5%.
The largest city in Australia in terms of the number of inhabitants is Sydney, but there are many Asians among them, which is why the city cannot be called prosperous and comfortable for life.
Nevertheless, there is something to see in Sydney, you just need to know where to go. To find out what sights to see in the largest city on the continent, so as not to constantly run into guest workers, read. In it, we have collected the most interesting sights of Sydney.
What do the people of Australia do?
The country has a high standard of living: the purchasing power of an average citizen is $3,000 per month. This means that life is not aimed at making money all the time. Local residents of Australia devote a lot of time to self-development, hobbies, active and passive recreation.
There is no excessive desire to look good. They dress “immaculately” only for work and on important occasions. The rest of the time, because of the hot weather, it is impossible to constantly induce chic.
It's not just about the weather, but also about the mentality: the locals of Australia are about equally well off, so they don't try to prove something to anyone, but just live in pleasure. Accordingly, no one tries to dress pretentiously and expensively. Distinguishing an employee from a millionaire is not easy.
The hobby of Australians is directly related to the environment. Are there many rocks around? Alright, let's get on them! Around the ocean? Just great, grab a surfboard! No snow at all, but tons of sand in the desert? What's the problem, let's invent a snowboard on the sand!
This sport is called "sneedboarding". He proves that the absence of snow is not a hindrance to real extreme sportsmen. The rules are the same as in snowboarding: slide on the board. The only difference is that instead of snow - dunes, and instead of a warm suit - a T-shirt and shorts.
Another hobby of Australians is gambling and horse racing. It is understandable: when people do not feel a constant lack of money, it is easy to waste them.
The natives of Australia are called the word "ozzy". Or rather, they call themselves that. Being Ozzy means getting lost in the words of the National Anthem, being proud of your beer belly, and giving a damn about what's going on in the rest of the world.
In general, Australians have quite a lot of strange character traits. It is these features that form the rules of conduct in Australia for tourists. So that you know how to behave in this distant country - we have collected all the rules
Roughly speaking, the Universe for Ozzy is limited by the ocean. Where the continent ends, everything that can excite the locals ends. If suddenly you would inform a resident of Australia that many interesting and important events are taking place outside the continent, most likely he would smile and bluntly declare that he is not interested. Here, in general, as a rule, they do not stand on ceremony and speak directly, as they are. But the charming simple-hearted Ozzy, nevertheless, does not want to be offended at all for this.
According to anthropological data, the Australian Aborigines are a type of Australoid large race. Outwardly, they are medium or tall, with dark hair, thick and curly. They have thick lips and wide noses, medium sized eyes. A feature of this race can be considered a protruding eyebrow. Until the 18th century, 1.2 million Aborigines lived in Australia. Scientists believed that they arrived on the mainland from Asia. At the end of the 18th century, Europeans also came to it, who brought colonization and disease with them. The indigenous population was not ready for these processes and many aborigines died. Before colonization, they were engaged in hunting and fishing, gathering fruits. Such crafts as pottery and weaving, metalworking were not known to them.
Australian Aboriginal language
Australia is a developed country. In our time, aborigines live on its territory, whose way of life is unchanged. They do not know how to produce, do not use the achievements of civilization and even the calendar. Their culture is original. It has nothing to do with the population from other countries of the world. This is because Australia has lived in an insulating space for a long time. Each of the local tribes has its own language, and it is not similar to Asian dialects. Writing is developed among several tribes, and there are about 200 dialects of the language. For a long period of time, the indigenous population of the mainland lived on reservations. These were the most deserted territories where strangers were not allowed. The population of the reservations did not participate in the census.
At the end of the 19th century, the Aboriginal Protection Act was passed in the state of Victoria. This document was a set of legal norms governing the life of the indigenous population. And a century later, as a result of a referendum held in this country, the indigenous people of Australia were officially recognized as citizens of the state and received the right to free movement within the country. Aboriginal people have been seeking equal rights with the white population for many years. Many of them moved to live in large ones. The country has launched programs to increase the birth rate and preserve the cultural heritage of the natives. In 2007, they launched a television channel for the indigenous people of Australia. It is broadcast in English, since it is difficult to use 200 dialects at once. 
Aboriginal life in Australia
In modern times, the natives are involved in tourism. For travelers who come to Australia and have a desire to visit its beauties, excursions to the reservation are organized. Tourists are shown the life and way of life of the indigenous population. It is different from our world. Australian Aborigines are the best guides. For travelers, performances are created with dances and song accompaniment, in addition, with the performance of rituals that are considered ritual by the indigenous population of Australia. The sale of souvenirs, hunting objects and wicker clothing is very developed in Australia. Interestingly, about ten thousand people inhabiting Australia are still at the level of the Stone Age. But only thanks to them the primordial culture of Australia is preserved.
Cultural heritage
- Paintings
Art and design lovers are familiar with canvases painted in the original ethnic technique, which is inherent only to the indigenous population. Each of the artists in his picture describes a different life. They call it a spiritual reality or another life. It differs from modern society and reflects a spiritual connection with the world of deities. As them, the natives still call the sun and the moon, as well as many animals. - Music
Australian Aborigines are masters of making musical instruments. One of them is the didgeridoo instrument, which is a pipe with a length of 1 to 2 meters. Made from eucalyptus trunk, eaten by termites in the central part. Not everyone will be able to play this instrument, as this requires practice, as well as a good respiratory system. As for the natives, they can safely play this pipe for several hours in a row. While playing, they dilute the music with the help of their guttural sounds and for an additional effect with imitation of the sounds of animals and birds. - Dancing
In dances, the natives imitate the movements of animals inhabiting the continent. These are kangaroos or snakes, wallabies. In the process of dancing, they masterfully imitate their movements. Many of the dances are similar, they have musical accompaniment with percussion sticks and didgeridoo. But not all dances are entertaining: some of them are brightly ritual in color. - Boomerang
As a weapon, it was invented by the indigenous people of Australia! Means "returning throwing stick" in their language. Boomerangs were used by them for hunting, but also sometimes in local conflicts with other tribes. To return the boomerang to the hands of the owner, it is necessary to have certain skills: throw it at an angle of certain indicators and hold it correctly, release it in time, taking into account the direction of the wind. A skillfully made boomerang should have cuts at the ends. He simply does not return without them. In addition, the Aborigines of Australia use throwing spears, and they throw them at a distance of up to 100 meters, masterfully hitting a target the size of a coconut. The shields made by the indigenous people are narrow and used for dancing and ceremonies. Although they can be used as a defensive weapon. - Geography of settlements
Where do Australian Aborigines live today? The largest group is in Queensland. In addition, Aboriginal people can be seen in Western Australia and New South Wales. There are few in Victoria. But the indigenous population, sacredly observing their traditions and customs, is trying to get away from civilization. For the most part, they do just that. Therefore, it is not surprising that they are concentrated in the desert regions of Australia and places on the Cape York Peninsula. These places are hard to reach for an unprepared person.
According to the 2001 census, Aboriginal Australians make up only 2.7%. This is about half a million people, while in the XVIII century, at the time of the landing of the British, there were more than five million natives. The colonial period is one of the most difficult for the Australian Aborigines in history, because at that time the tribes were mercilessly exterminated and persecuted. From the favorable conditions of the southern coast with a comfortable climate, the natives had to move to arid desert regions in the north of the continent and in its central part.
Modern Australian Aboriginal Lifestyle
Since 1967, when representatives of the Aborigines of Australia achieved equal rights with the white population of the country, the position of the indigenous population began to improve. Many tribes, with state support, assimilated and moved to live in cities. Programs to increase the birth rate and preserve the cultural heritage of the aborigines began to work. In 2007, a television channel for the indigenous population even began to operate, however, due to the wide variety of Australian languages, broadcasting is conducted in English.