Bottle barometer. We make our own barometer. Some interesting ways How to make a barometer at home

In some cases, the device is simply irreplaceable. For a fishing enthusiast, this simple device allows you not only to determine the weather, but also whether there will be a bite. Alas, it is not always possible to purchase a device. But you can make a barometer with your own hands from improvised materials. In fact, there is nothing complicated about this. It is much more difficult to make an electronic barometer with your own hands. In this case, certain skills and the presence of certain tools are required.

How to make a barometer with your own hands

There are several methods for manufacturing such devices. Each of the manufacturing methods of the device has not only advantages, but also some disadvantages. This method is considered the simplest. However, not always at hand you can find everything that is required for this. To make a barometer you will need:

  1. Glass transparent bottle.
  2. Glass tube.
  3. Cork.
  4. Water.

How to make

To make a barometer with your own hands, you need to prepare all the necessary details in advance. First, fill the bottle 1/3 full with water. It is best to take distilled. Ordinary water will bloom after a year. If desired, the liquid can be slightly tinted.

After that, it is worth making a hole in the cork and inserting a glass tube into it. The connection point must be coated with plasticine. This will seal the hole tightly. The bottle should be stoppered. As you can see, everyone can assemble a barometer with their own hands.

How the device works

Of course, in order to understand the performance of such a device, you need to know its principle of operation. Here, too, everything is extremely simple. When atmospheric pressure changes, the water level in the tube begins to fluctuate. Of course, this is not enough. You need to know when the weather will be clear and when it will be rainy. So, if air bubbles come out of the tube, then the pressure is high enough. This indicates that the weather will be clear soon. It is at this time that active biting is observed. If water gradually flows out through the tube, then this indicates low pressure. Accordingly, the weather will be rainy. You can not go fishing, as there will be no bite.

Device from an old paw

A do-it-yourself barometer for fishing can be made from a burnt out light bulb. To make you will need:


Making a hole

To make a barometer with your own hands from a light bulb, you need to make a hole in it. You need to work very carefully, as the balloon can crack or break at any moment. The hole must be made in the place where the base with the threaded part begins.

There is a fairly simple way. First you need to make a mark where the hole will be made. Here you should drop a little sunflower or machine oil. From medium-grained, you need to remove a little. The resulting material must be added to the oil drop. The result should be a viscous mass.

A piece should be inserted into the chuck of a screwdriver or drill. Its diameter should correspond to the size of the future hole. The base of the sweetheart should be clamped in a vice, and the flask should be wrapped with a rag or a towel. You need to drill very carefully, applying a minimum of effort.

What to do next

The container for the barometer is ready. Now you need to fill it with water. For this, it is better to use distilled water. The flask must be filled halfway with water. After that, the liquid must be tinted. To do this, you can drop a few drops of ink into the water. If they are not in the household, then you can put a piece of lead into the liquid, preferably from After that, the resulting composition must be mixed. A do-it-yourself barometer is made from a burnt out light bulb. It can be hung fixture between window frames. It is best to place the barometer on the north side. Here the sun's rays will not fall on the device. If the windows are located on the south side, then the barometer should be placed at the top of the window. Such a device should be used only in the warm season, when the temperature is above zero.

How does a light bulb barometer work?

A few hours after the installation of the barometer, it will already be possible to take readings. Of course, you should know how such a device works. If the inner walls of the flask are covered with drops of condensed water, then tomorrow it will be cloudy. However, there will be no precipitation. If the drops are medium in size and there are dry vertical stripes between them, then tomorrow there will be variable cloudiness. This, of course, is not all. If large drops partially cover the flask - there will be short-term precipitation, the drops are large and flow down - there will be a thunderstorm.

With the help of such a device, dry weather can also be predicted. If the walls of the flask are dry and even without droplets and fog, then tomorrow it will be clear. If the condensate formed on the north side of the cylinder, then tomorrow, around the afternoon, it will rain.

Razinkin Vladimir, Losev Nikita, Bondar Daria

BAROMETER OWN HANDS

with. Yagunovo

Content

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3

1 Theoretical part…………………………………………………………………5

    1. The history of the origin of the barometer…………………………………………5

      Options for making a barometer at home………………5

    2. Practical part……………………………………………………………9

    1. DIY barometer………………………………………………………9

      Conducting an experiment……………………………………………………………………………………………10

      Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 10

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 11

References………………………………………………………………12

Applications…………………………………………………………………………13

Introduction

Often, in order to find out the weather for the next day, we listen to the weather forecast. From it we learn about the expected temperature, the presence of precipitation, wind speed and atmospheric pressure.

The topic of our work is relevant, because each of us, before going out into the street, wants to know what is outside the window? The proof of the relevance of our topic is the survey that we conducted among the students of the Yagunov school. Each of the respondents wants to know what the weather is like before going outside. 25 out of 35 questionnaire participants do not know how to make a barometer with their own hands, but would like to learn.

Every day we are confronted with amazing phenomena: for example, with the force that acts due to air.

We were interested in: “What influences atmospheric pressure? Why is it reported in the weather forecast?” It turned out that weather changes are associated with changes in atmospheric pressure. If the pressure rises, then clear weather can be expected, and if it decreases, then cloudy. Changes in atmospheric pressure also affect the well-being of people suffering from hypertension.

Is it possible to create a device for observing changes in atmospheric pressure with your own hands?

We decided to play meteorologists! They measure barometric pressure because it measures the movement of air masses that affect the weather.

Object of study: atmospheric pressure and methods of its measurement.

Subject of study: atmospheric pressure instrument

Hypothesis: you can create a device to monitor changes in atmospheric pressure at home.

Target: making a device for observing changes in atmospheric pressure with your own hands.

Research objectives:

Analyze the literature on the topic;

To study who first developed the barometer;

Familiarize yourself with the options for manufacturing barometers;

Analyze the operation of the barometer at home.

Planned result: Determination of atmospheric pressure using a handmade barometer.

    Theoretical part

    1. History of the origin of the barometer

Devices were invented to measure atmospheric pressure, which are calledbarometers . ( The word barometer comes from two Greek words: baros - heaviness, metreo - I measure)

The first barometer was invented by a scientistinXVIIcentury. The mercury barometer invented by Torricelli is very inconvenient and dangerous to use.In liquid barometers, pressure is measured by the height of the liquid column () in a tube sealed at the top and lowered into a vessel with liquid at the lower end (atmospheric pressure is balanced by the weight of the liquid column). Mercury barometers are the most accurate, they are used on.

B. Pascal created a water barometer in 1646, but its dimensions turned out to be very large. The height of such a barometer is more than 13 m.

In practice, a metal barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure, calledohm. ( Aneroid in Greek means liquidless. The barometer is so named because it does not contain mercury.) It shows the atmospheric pressure acting on a corrugated thin-walled metal box in which a vacuum is created. With a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the box expands slightly, and with an increase, it contracts and acts on a spring attached to it with an arrow.

We looked at various sources that described the creation of the device with our own hands. The easiest barometers to make are as follows:

    1. Options for making a barometer at home

Fir cone barometer

To make a simple device that predicts the weather for several hours in advance, you will need two even wooden planks. For the base, you need to cut a square with a side of 70 mm, and for the sidewall, a rectangle of 70x150 mm.

File the ends with a large file, and then clean the entire surface with sandpaper. Connect them with glue, strengthening with small nails, as shown in the figure. Cut out a scale from thick paper, draw divisions and two signs on it: the sun and an umbrella. At the very sidewall, attach a large dry pine cone to the base. Glue a dry straw with a paper arrow at the end to one of its lower scales. (Appendix 1. Fig.1)

It is necessary to cut a twig 10-12 cm long of a young fir with needles. Remove all needles from it, except for one. And it will become a barometer.

To do this, you need to attach a twig with two small carnations to a plank of plywood, wood or plexiglass. The only requirement is that the fir needle be free to swing up and down.

Then you need to bring the needle to a hot stove, oven, or place it not far from a gas burner ... The moisture from the surface of the twig will evaporate very soon, and the needle will rise up. Make a mark on the board - 1, and then write "Sunny".

Next, bring the plank to the steam from the boiling kettle - the needle, on the contrary, will go down. Make a mark - 10, and then write "Rain". It remains only to calibrate our barometer into 10 parts.

The barometer must be hung in the shade so that direct rays do not fall on it. Everything is ready. Now, leaving the house, we can predict both a sunny day and rain, depending on the position of a single needle of a young fir. (Appendix 1, Fig.2)

Tin barometer

Such a barometer can be made from a small tin oil can with parallel sides.

It is necessary to choose a cork that would tightly close the single hole of the future barometer. Before putting the cork in place, it is necessary to make a hole in it of such a diameter as to pass a transparent tube-straw for cocktails through it. However, it is better to use a glass tube with an inner hole diameter of 1.5 - 2.0 mm. The container is 2/3 filled with tinted water, a tube with a stopper is inserted into the hole, while the tube should contain a little of the same tinted water. As atmospheric pressure rises, the liquid level in the tube will rise, and vice versa. Such a barometer must be mounted on a stand with a vertical ruler. You can calibrate it by taking readings from a real barometer. Instead of a metal container, you can use any small glass bottle. After filling with tinted water and fitting the stopper with the tube, add some water to the tube. Since the body of the barometer is rigid, when the pressure increases, the water level will decrease, and when it decreases, it will rise. (Appendix 2. Fig. 3)

glass bottle barometer

In order to make a barometer, we need to have3 simple things :

Glass bottle, 0.5 liter

glass tube

Rubber stopper with tube hole

At the bottom, the tube should not touch the bottom of the bottle by 15-20 mm.

At the top, it should stick out of the cork by 35-45 mm.

The bottle should be half filled with water, preferably rain.

If the water column in the tube at the bottom - the atmospheric pressure is high, at the top - low. It happens that it pours over the top - very low atmospheric pressure. (Appendix 2. Fig. 4)

light bulb barometer

It is necessary to take a burned-out electric light bulb, and where the base with the threaded part begins, carefully drill a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. You need to drill very carefully, applying minimal force, otherwise the cylinder may crack or break.. When the hole is drilled, pour tap water into it, filling the glass flask to half. Then add two or three drops of ink or ink to it and mix. The barometer is ready. It remains to wait until the inner wall of the flask dries out, and hang the barometer between the window frames. It is best on the north side, where direct sunlight will not fall on it. If the windows face south, install at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings. Our barometer can predict the weather for the day quite fully.

    Practical part

2 .1 DIY barometer

At home, we do not have a device for monitoring atmospheric pressure, and therefore we decided to make a device with our own hands from improvised means.

Equipment

In order to make a barometer, you must have:

    wide mouth glass jar,

    balloon,

    elastic,

    tubule,

    sheet A4,

    scotch,

    scissors,

    paints.(Appendix 4. Fig.6)

Creation plan

    Cut a circle from the balloon slightly larger than the diameter of the can.

    Pull the cut circle over the neck and secure it with an elastic band.

    Cut the end of the straw obliquely and sharpen one of its ends.

    Tape the other end of the straw with tape in the middle of the stretched rubber film.

    Fasten a sheet of paper near the jar so that the tip of the straw lightly touches it. After that, mark "zero" in the place where the straw touches the leaf. Below and above this value with an interval of 1 mm, mark the numbers 1, 2 and 3.

Principle of operation

1) As the atmospheric pressure increases, the film sags down, the straw rises up and indicates "Clear".

2) When the atmospheric pressure decreases, the film goes up, the straw goes down and shows "Cloudy". (Appendix 5. Fig. 7)

2.2 Conducting the experiment

We decided to conduct an experiment to see if the device works correctly. Daily at 8 30 h. we recorded the READINGS of our device and entered the result in a table, then we observed the weather during the day, writing the result in the WEATHER column. (Appendix 5. Table 1)

After a two-week experiment, the values ​​of the instrument and weather indicators coincided, which confirms the correct operation of the created instrument.

    1. Conclusion

The barometer that we have turned out shows the change in pressure outside the can. If the pressure rises, then the air begins to press from above on the rubber lid of the jar and the straw rises. Conversely, if the pressure decreases, then the air presses on the sensitive membrane from inside the jar and the straw falls.

You will not see the exact indicators of atmospheric pressure on such a barometer, since the membrane of a stretched ball is not thin and sensitive enough. The tube descends and rises by only one division, but the rise and fall of atmospheric pressure can be seen very clearly. These results were in line with weather announcements.

Observations have shown : With an increase in atmospheric pressure, the weather was clear and sunny. With a decrease in pressure - cloudy and rainy.

With the help of the device built by us, it is possible to predict the weather.

It is not difficult to conduct these experiments, but it is interesting. They are safe, simple and useful. Our barometer warns loved ones about changes in atmospheric pressure, and they take action in time. We will not be taken by surprise by bad weather.

Conclusion

During the period of work on the project, we studied various literature that helped us make our own device for determining atmospheric pressure. During the experiment, we observed the operation of our barometer and, based on its readings, learned to predict the weather for the next day. Now we know that this expensive device can be made by hand at home. This is not the end of our research, and in the future we plan to make other versions of barometers from improvised materials and test them in work.New research ahead!

Bibliography

    Book of Experiments. Just about the complex / Per. from Italian. I. Gurianova. - [Text] M .: Eksmo, 2013. - 128s.

    Children's encyclopedia “I want to know everything” // [Text] M. “Planet of Childhood” - 2003. - P. 260–261.

    New Encyclopedia of the Schoolchild //– [Text] M. “Makhaon”.– 2009.– P. 128 – 129.

Appendix 1

Rice. 1 Pine cone barometer

Fig. 2 Fir barometer

Annex 2

Fig. 3 Barometer from a tin oil can

Fig.4 Barometer from a glass bottle

Annex 3

Fig.5 Light bulb barometer

Appendix 4

Rice. 6 Barometer making equipment

Annex 5

Mainly cloudy

Fig.7 The principle of operation of the barometer

DAY

INDICATIONS

WEATHER

Monday(24.02)

It's clear

Sunny

Tuesday(25.02)

It's clear

Sunny

Wednesday(26.02)

Mainly cloudy

Cloudy, snow

Thursday(27.02)

It's clear

Sunny

Friday(28.02)

Mainly cloudy

cloudy

Saturday(01.03)

Mainly cloudy

cloudy

Tuesday(04.03)

Mainly cloudy

cloudy

Wednesday(05.03)

It's clear

Sunny

Thursday(06.03)

It's clear

Sunny

Friday(07.03)

Mainly cloudy

cloudy

Homemade barometers

What only people are not much, especially in predicting the weather. Here, dear friends, let's talk about all sorts of things in this section, which, I hope, will help you predict the weather. And if you consider that the official reports of the "Hydrometeorological Center" resemble old fortune-telling on coffee grounds, then these home-made things will turn out to be very, very useful for someone.

Burnt out light bulb barometer

Take a burned-out light bulb, and where the base with the threaded part begins, carefully drill a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. This should be done very carefully, otherwise the balloon may crack or break.

Here is the easiest way to drill glass. At the point where you marked the hole, apply a drop of machine or sunflower oil. Take the abrasive powder from medium-grained sandpaper and add it to the oil drop to make a viscous paste, a little thinner than toothpaste. Then clamp the copper wire in the drill chuck. Its diameter should match the size of the hole you want to drill. Gently clamp the lamp base in a vise. And wrap the glass flask with a towel or rag.

You need to drill very carefully, applying minimal effort.

When the hole is drilled, fill it with tap water, filling the glass flask halfway. Then add two or three drops of ink or a piece of indelible pencil lead to it and mix. The barometer is ready.

It remains to wait until the inner wall of the flask dries out, and hang the barometer between the window frames. It is best on the north side, where direct sunlight will not fall on it. If the windows face south, install at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings. Our barometer can predict the weather for the day quite fully. Overcast or partly cloudy awaits us, whether a bucket sets in or it starts to rain - a small lingering, short-term, maybe thunderstorm ...

True, you need to know some features in order to decipher the testimony.

Suppose the inner walls of the light bulb are covered with small drops of condensed water - tomorrow it will be overcast, but without precipitation.

Partly cloudy - the walls of the bulb were covered with drops of medium size, and vertical dry stripes formed between them.

If the walls are partially covered with large drops of dew, expect short-term precipitation. And from top to bottom, and drops, growing larger, flow down - there will be a thunderstorm.

Large drops are only at the surface of the water, and the neck of the bulb is dry - the rain will pass by, 30-60 km from your places.

It is raining outside the window, and the walls of the light bulb have become completely dry, without fog and droplets - excellent weather will set in tomorrow.

And if dew drops appeared only on the north side of the balloon, expect rain tomorrow afternoon.

Of course, you can use such a barometer only if the air temperature is above zero, that is, in spring, summer and early autumn.

Homemade spruce barometers

Siberian hunters have long noticed that the branches of coniferous trees fall before rain or snow and rise before clear weather. This ability is also preserved in dry spruce branches, which makes it possible to make simple, long-lasting barometers from them.

This simple device predicts weather changes in 8-12 hours. To make a barometer from a spruce branch, you need to take a 25-30 cm piece of a dry tree trunk along with a 30-35 cm branch, peel it from the bark and attach the sawn part of the trunk to a plank (it can be hung on the wall). The branch should be in such a state that when lowering its free end down (before bad weather) and raising it up (towards clear weather), it moves parallel to the screen wall without touching it.

For convenience, a plywood or metal scale with a division of 1 cm is attached to the plate near the ring of the “arrow” branch. , just like a conventional barometer. Such a simple device is indispensable for gardeners and gardeners.

fir barometer

You can use another similar way to determine the weather.

Cut a 10-12 cm long sprig of young fir with needles. Remove all needles from it, except for one. And it will become your barometer.

To do this, attach a twig with two small carnations to a plank of plywood, wood or plexiglass. The only requirement is that the fir needle be free to swing up and down.

Bring the needle to a hot stove, oven, or place it near a gas burner ... The moisture from the surface of the twig will evaporate very soon, and the needle will rise up. Make a mark on the board - 1, and then write "Sunny".

Hang the barometer in the shade so that direct rays do not fall on it. Everything is ready. Now, leaving the house, you can predict both a sunny day and rain, depending on the position of a single needle of a young fir ...

Fir cone barometer

To make a simple device that predicts the weather for several hours in advance, you will need two even wooden planks. For the base, cut a square with a side of 70 mm, and for the side, a rectangle of 70x150 mm. File the ends with a large file, and then clean the entire surface with sandpaper. Connect them with glue, strengthening with small nails, as shown in the figure. Cut out a scale from thick paper, draw divisions and two signs on it: the sun and the umbrella. At the very sidewall, attach a large dry pine cone to the base. Glue a dry straw with a paper arrow at the end to one of its lower scales. That's all.

How the device works - no need to explain. Install it on the balcony or outside the window - and, please, it will tell you with high accuracy whether to take an umbrella with you that day.

Travel barometer

Cut a branch off a young fir or pine tree. Separate from it a segment 10 cm long with a thin long needle growing on the side. Now take a flat plank or plywood 150x100 mm in size and nail a prepared piece of fir to it so that the needle can move freely (see Fig.). The barometer is ready. It just needs to be graded. Bring the device to a hot stove or stove - the heat will straighten the needle and rise up. Where she stops, take a risk. Then bring the appliance to a stream of steam escaping from the spout of the kettle. From exposure to moisture, the needle will drop down. Here mark the second risk. Connect the risks with an arc and divide into several equal parts. It remains to make the appropriate inscriptions, as in the figure. When hiking, the barometer is placed in a place protected from direct sunlight, and it will predict the weather for you.

bottle barometer

The barometer (see figure) consists of a bottle with transparent glass, a glass tube and a cork.

The bottle is one third filled with water, it is better to take distilled water, since ordinary water blooms in a year. Water can be slightly tinted. A hole is made in the cork into which a glass tube is inserted. The junction is covered with plasticine. Now it remains to plug the bottle with a cork. The barometer is ready. When atmospheric pressure begins to change, the water level in the tube will change. If air bubbles begin to come out of the tube, it means that the pressure is very high, and this is for clear, stable weather, at such a time there is a good bite. If water starts pouring out through the top of the tube, the pressure is low, you can expect a storm, and you should not go fishing.

bottle barometer

syringe barometer

A barometer is a device that shows changes in atmospheric pressure, and therefore changes in the weather. You can easily make such a device yourself according to the proposed drawing.

The manufactured barometer needs to be adjusted: when it is reported on radio and television that the pressure is 760 mm Hg, use the piston of the lower syringe to set the water level in the tube to the height of the middle mark. High pressure, which usually "predicts" good weather, pushes water from an open syringe into a thin tube, and low pressure, on the contrary, causes a decrease in its level in the tube.

To prevent the water from evaporating, put a drop of vegetable oil into the syringe, and to make it better visible, tint it.

Barometer of two syringes and a dropper

To make a barometer, we need: two syringes of 10 cc (1 and 2), a tube from a dropper with a diameter of 3 mm (3), a wall thermometer (4), a board 16x25 cm (5), a sheet of graph paper (6), clips or tape (7), buttons (8), cloves (9). Materials are completely scarce and inexpensive. The connection diagram of the parts is shown in the figure.

Hang the assembled barometer in the room vertically on the wall at eye level so that the rays of the sun do not fall on it, away from the window and the kitchen.

Fill the system with boiled water only! This should be done at a room temperature of +18 degrees, and an atmospheric pressure of about 750 mm Hg. (its value can be found in the weather forecast messages on the radio or in newspapers). this is the average value of the atmospheric pressure range (720-780 mmHg). At the beginning of filling, set the piston of the upper syringe 1 at mark 7, and pour water into the body of the lower syringe without piston 2 up to mark 10. After that, by raising the piston, set the water level in tube 3 at mark 750.

The principle of operation of the barometer- compression and expansion of a closed volume of air depending on atmospheric pressure. 96-98% of its volume is in the upper syringe, and 2-4% is in the tube, where it is blocked by a water seal (VZ). When the pressure rises, the air is compressed, the air intake level rises. When it goes down, vice versa, it goes down. The U-shaped deflection of the tube ensures the tightness of the air intake. Therefore, neither the distance from the upper syringe to the scale, nor the length of the vinyl chloride tube affect the accuracy of the barometer readings.

The "step" of the barometer scale in 1 mm is equal to 1 mm Hg. The dimension of the scale is affected by the amount of closed volume of air. Therefore, before use, raise the piston of the upper syringe to mark 7, which corresponds to 7 cc at a pressure of 750 mm Hg. Air compression by 1 mm, respectively, raises the air intake level by 1 mm. Place the body of the second syringe at the level of the scale.

For the convenience of taking readings, the water should be slightly tinted. The dependence of the change in pressure on the weather, of course, can be subtracted in the literature. But the best thing is to go by experience. At first, record the barometer readings in a special journal, but on the contrary, write down what kind of weather they correspond to. In this case, it is desirable to take readings at an air temperature in the room of 18 degrees (using heaters or cooling the room by ventilation).

Having accumulated empirical material for all manifestations of the weather, then only barometer readings will be enough for you to accurately navigate in its future changes. This means that timely measures should be taken to protect garden plants and horticultural crops growing in open ground from rain, hail, frost and drought.

Oil can barometer

A simple barometer can be made from a small tin oil can with parallel sides.

Pick up a cork that tightly closes the only hole of the future barometer. Before you put the cork in place, you need to make a hole in it of such a diameter that you can pass a transparent tube-straw for cocktails through it. However, it is better to use a glass tube with an inner hole diameter of 1.5 - 2.0 mm.

The container is 2/3 filled with tinted water, a tube with a cork is inserted into the hole, while in the tube

Fix such a barometer on a stand with a vertical ruler. You can calibrate it by taking readings from a real barometer.

Instead of a metal container, you can use any small glass bottle. After filling with tinted water and fitting the stopper with the tube, add some water to the tube. Since the body of the barometer is rigid, when the pressure increases, the water level will decrease, and when it decreases, it will rise.

glass jar barometer

To make a barometer, we need: wide-mouth jar, balloon, scissors, rubber band, drinking straw, cardboard, pen, ruler, duct tape or tape.

1. Cut the balloon open and pull it tight over the jar. Secure it with a rubber band.

2. Sharpen the end of the straw. Glue the other end to the stretched ball with adhesive tape.

3. Draw a scale on a cardboard card and place the cardboard at the end of the arrow. When atmospheric pressure rises, the air in the can is compressed. As it falls, the air expands. Accordingly, the arrow will move along the scale.

If the pressure rises, the weather will be fine. If it falls, it's bad.

When you covered the jar with a balloon, you trapped air in it at a certain pressure. Thus, the ball will now change depending on atmospheric pressure, that is, on the pressure of the air around you. An increase in atmospheric pressure will push the ball into the jar, causing the tube to rise up. Or vice versa, when the air inside the jar will press on the ball more than the air outside the jar, the ball will inflate, and the tube will point down. The tube is just used to make it easier for you to see changes in the shape of the ball.

Note that the tube will move up or down shortly before the change in weather, because changes in the weather are usually associated with a change in barometric pressure.

photographic plate barometer

Another amazing barometer design for photography enthusiasts.

Find a black and white negative of a landscape that shows both water and vegetation, take a glass plate and expose the negative on it. Then develop and immediately after washing, dip for 15 minutes in a 10% solution of cobalt nitrate, bypassing the washing stage, dry the plate and carefully paint over the trees, shrubs and grass depicted on it from the side of the emulsion with a thin layer of porous, easily permeable yellow paint, for example, watercolors or gouache. After the paint dries, frame the plate - the weather barometer is ready, and in order not to damage the fragile layers of emulsion and paint, place it between the glass of the window frame.

The sky and water on the photographic plate will turn blue, and the vegetation will turn green as dry weather approaches, but as the weather deteriorates, the image on the plate will also fade: the sky and water will turn gray, and the leaves and grass will turn yellow. The principle of operation of such a barometer is based on the fact that cobalt nitrate crystals deposited on the photoemulsion layer change their color depending on the humidity of the air: with a high moisture content they become colorless, and in dry weather they become blue, in those places that are covered with paint, two colors - yellow and blue - mix to form green.

Such a simple barometer predicts the weather quite accurately.

Immortelle Barometer

A bouquet of flowers can also be used to predict the weather. If well-dried immortelle flowers on stems are treated with a solution of 200 g of water, 4 g of glycerin and 30 g of cobalt chloride, a bouquet of dried flowers will turn yellow before a bad weather, and with the onset of clear sunny weather, the flowers become bright green.

Barometer - hygrometer

The seeds of some plants have awns that quickly and sensitively react to changes in air humidity: at high humidity they straighten (unwind), and in dry air they twist in a spiral. Therefore, a simple but sensitive hygrometer can be made from them. For this, the most suitable fruit is with the awn of such an annual low weed plant, which is ubiquitous on arable land, like the cicutus stork (see Fig.).

stork

The fruits of the stork

If a hole is pierced in the center of a cardboard circle with a diameter of 5-6 cm with a needle and the lower end of the fruit (seed) is fixed in it with a drop of glue, then in dry weather its sickle-shaped tip will deviate in a circle counterclockwise (to the left), and with increasing humidity - back (to the right).

Barometer-hygrometer from the fruit of the cicuta stork

Barometer - aneroid

Like a real barometer, our homemade product is able to respond to changes in atmospheric pressure and can serve not only as a visual aid, but also as a measuring device.

The sensitive part of the device - the pressure sensor is a hermetically sealed jar. When the external pressure is greater than the air pressure inside the jar, the lid and bottom seem to be pulled inwards. If the external pressure is less than the internal pressure, the lid and bottom bend outward. It remains to connect the lid or bottom of the jar with the pointer - and the barometer is ready.

Bank - from under instant coffee. Instead of a cover, solder a circle of thin tin or brass to it - this is the sensor membrane. After soldering, check the tightness of the jar by lowering it into water. If there are no bubbles, everything is in order, you can glue the bottom of the jar to a wooden stand. Place a rack next to the jar and fasten the arrow bar on it so that it easily rotates around the axis, but the end of the arrow hangs down under gravity. Slightly departing from the axis, attach a rod in the form of a wire hook to the bar and connect the end of the hook with another similar rod soldered to the center of the membrane circle. The total length of the rods should be such that, at normal atmospheric pressure, the end of the arrow is approximately opposite the middle division of the scale.

When atmospheric pressure starts to decrease, the end of the arrow will begin to drop down. As the pressure increases, the end of the arrow will crawl up. Comparing the readings of a homemade barometer with a real one, it is easy to calibrate the scale in units of pressure.

Barometer from a can of condensed milk

The basic steps for making a barometer are shown in the figure.

Take a glass or transparent plastic tube, attach it to a vertical board with clamps. Then we proceed to the manufacture of a tin box with a diaphragm.

Cut off the bottom of the condensed milk can so that its walls are 40 mm high. Carefully bend the top edge of the bike outward, lay the ring of copper wire and roll it up to the joint with the wall. Solder the joint. Seaming is needed so that the edge of the tin does not cut through the rubber diaphragm. Remove irregularities after soldering with a knife and sandpaper.

Solder a tin pipe into the side of the vessel. Its outside diameter should be the same as the glass tube of the manometer. The hole for the nozzle should be 12 mm above the bottom of the can. Solder three identical perforated tin feet under the bottom of the vessel and nail the vessel to the panel above the shorter gauge leg. Connect this elbow to the vessel nozzle with a rubber tube. It remains to make the diaphragm. The material for it is thin rubber. You can use a children's balloon (preferably one that has not yet been inflated). Stretch the diaphragm well on the opening of the vessel and tie it tightly with a gray thread. If you now press on the diaphragm with your finger, the air in the vessel will compress. This pressure will be transmitted to all the air in the pressure gauge leg connected to the vessel. Fluid will flow into the free leg until its level difference is equal to the pressure you are applying to the diaphragm.

hydrostatic barometer

A glass jar, a glass or vinyl chloride tube inserted into it - that's all that is required for manufacturing. The jar is filled with water one quarter and tightly closed with a cork, and a tube is inserted into it so that its lower end is lowered into the water.

To prevent air from entering the jar, the cork must be sealed with plasticine or putty. Before using such a barometer, blow into the tube. At the same time, air will enter through the water into the jar, and the water level in the tube will rise. In the event that the jar is well sealed, the pressure in it will remain constant, and any changes in atmospheric pressure will cause changes in the water level in the tube. It remains only to calibrate the scale, and the device can be used.

Hydrostatic barometer: 1 - a can of water, 2 - a box with sawdust, 3 - a tube, 4 - a mount, 5 - a rail with divisions.

balloon barometer

The simplest barometer can be made from a balloon and a straw. How it is arranged can be seen from the figure. The most important thing here is to seal the ball well, otherwise the apparent change in pressure value will be caused by air leakage.

Balloon barometer: 1 - straw lever (200-250 mm), 2 - thread, 3 - lever suspension thread (distance between threads 3-5 mm).

Barometer "Carthusian Falls"

This barometer design can be made on the basis of the "Cartesian diver", a toy that we have repeatedly written about. True, instead of a funny person in this design, a can of stationery glue was used. The canister is filled with water so that when it is immersed in a jar, it does not sink, but protrudes slightly above the surface of the water, while maintaining a vertical position. To do this, the thread on its neck is wrapped with copper wire of the required length. A small metal bracket is attached to the bottom of the can. For this bracket, with the help of two paper clips, the can is suspended from the rack.

This is how a barometer works. When atmospheric pressure changes, the water level in the can rises or falls. At the same time, the can itself floats or sinks and pulls the arrow along with it. As you can see, everything is quite simple. To make the water evaporate less, it is better to drop a few drops of engine oil on its surface.

Barometer "Carthusian Falls": 1 - a vessel with water, 2 - a can, 3 - a load, 4 - a counterweight, 5 - a stand, 6 - an arrow, 7 - a scale, 8 - a paper clip bracket, 9 - electrical tape, 10 - holders, 11 - a support for an arrow .

Home hydrometeorological center

The principle of "master oneself" really justifies itself in many areas of our lives. If you want to add independent weather forecasting to the many things that are necessarily done according to this principle, then you really need two thermometers, one of which needs to be wrapped in a damp cloth or cotton wool, put in a jar and constantly make sure that they are wet. According to the table below, comparing the readings of two thermometers, you can quite confidently predict the possibility of frost.

If you want to know in advance about changes in the weather, then you can make a barometer with your own hands. This device shows changes in atmospheric pressure, by fluctuations in which you can predict the weather.

So, if atmospheric pressure falls, then precipitation is possible and the weather will worsen, and vice versa, if atmospheric pressure rises, then we can talk about improving the weather. Of course, you can trust the reports of hydrometeorological centers or watch the weather on weather websites, but it’s better to have a similar device in your house and focus on its readings.

Barometers are produced and sold in different types, but you can make a device that responds to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure at home.

These interesting "tricks" will help you navigate the weather, and they do not require complex technologies or materials to make them. It turns out that a kind of barometer can be made even from spruce branches.

spruce barometer

Siberian hunters have long known that the branches of coniferous trees tend to fall before precipitation and are understood in anticipation of sunny clear weather. Even dry spruce branches retain this feature, so they can be used to make natural barometers that will show weather changes 8-12 hours before the change.

To make such a barometer, you need a piece of a dry small tree trunk (25-30 cm long) along with a branch 30-35 cm long. The trunk with a branch is cleaned of bark and attached to a plank, which is hung on the wall. In this case, the branch should be located so that when lowering and raising the free end of the branch, it moves parallel to the wall and does not touch it. Raising a branch signals clear weather, and lowering it means bad weather.

You can even attach a metal or plywood scale to the board with risks every 1 centimeter. After some time of use, it will already be possible to determine the possibilities of the branch and sign the indicators "precipitation", "variable", "sunny"

light bulb barometer

For this barometer, you will need a burnt out incandescent light bulb. At the beginning of the threaded base, a hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm is drilled. Drilling must be done carefully and with minimal effort so that the glass does not crack. Through the resulting hole, clean water is poured up to half the flask. Add 2-3 drops of ink to it.

Next, they wait until the inner walls of the flask dry out, and hang a barometer bulb between the window frames of the window, preferably from the north side. If the windows are located on the south side, then the light bulb should be hung at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings.

  • If the inner walls are covered with small droplets of condensate, then there will be cloudy weather without precipitation.
  • With droplets of medium size, between which dry vertical stripes have formed, partly cloudy weather is expected.
  • Large drops near the surface of the water in a light bulb and a dry neck indicate that precipitation will pass by.
  • Drops of water on the north side of the bulb indicate rain the next day in the afternoon.
  • If the inside of the bulb is covered with large drops of condensate, then there will be short-term rains. And if the drops become larger and flow down, then most likely there will be a thunderstorm.
  • If the walls of the bulb are completely dry, then the weather will be fine.

You can use such a barometer in spring, summer and autumn at temperatures above zero.

fir barometer

A fir twig 10-12 cm long is cut off. Needles are removed from it, except for one. The twig is attached to the plank so that the fir needle can freely fall and rise.

A plate with a twig and a needle must be brought to the oven so that moisture evaporates from it. In this case, the needle rises and it will be necessary to make a “sunny” mark with the number 1. Then you need to bring the device to the steam, and when the needle goes down, then mark the number 10 and write “Rain”. Between these marks mark the risks into ten divisions.

A homemade barometer should be placed in a shady place, away from direct sunlight. Such a device can be built during a hike and learn about weather changes in advance, focusing on the position of a small fir needle.

Fir cone barometer

Even a barometer can be made from a fir cone. This device can predict weather changes hours in advance. To make such a homemade barometer, you need two flat wooden planks and a dry pine cone.

Two elements are cut out of the boards: a base square with a side of 70 mm and a sidewall measuring 70x150 mm. The ends of the blanks are treated with a large file and the surfaces of the boards are cleaned with sanding paper. Connect the elements with glue and fix with small nails as shown in the figure. A scale is cut out of cardboard or thick paper with divisions and designations of sunny and rainy weather. At the sidewall, a large dry spruce cone is fixed to the base. A dry straw with a paper arrow at the end is glued to one of its scales from below.

The device will work based on the fact that the scales of spruce cones are pressed tightly against each other in humid air and vice versa open in dry weather. A homemade barometer should be placed on the balcony or outside the window, and with its help it will be easy to determine whether there will be precipitation or sunny clear weather today.

bottle barometer

For such a homemade device, you will need a transparent bottle, a glass tube and a cork. The bottle is filled with distilled water by a third. For better visibility, water can be tinted, and distilled water is used due to the fact that ordinary water can deteriorate after a while. A hole is cut in the cork into which a glass tube is inserted. The hole around the tube is covered with plasticine or sealant. Stopper the bottle with a cork with a tube, and the homemade barometer is ready. When atmospheric pressure changes, the water level in the tube will change. When air bubbles begin to come out of the tube, this will mean that the atmospheric pressure is high and the weather will be clear. If water pours out through the top end of the tube, the pressure is low and the weather will be rainy.

Home hydrometeorological center

A homemade hydrometeorological center can be made using two thermometers. One of them is wrapped with wet cotton wool or a cloth and lowered into a jar of water. You need to make sure that it is constantly wet. The table below compares the readings of both thermometers and determines the weather.

One of the factors to which the inhabitants of reservoirs are very sensitive is. With sharp jumps in this indicator, a complete absence of biting is sometimes observed. Therefore, having a barometer at home, which can also be called a bite indicator, will be useful for every angler. Unfortunately, real barometers are quite expensive, so very often fishermen use their homemade counterparts. Homemade fishing barometer is made by hand with a minimum of materials and time. The most common indicators are bite indicators from a bottle, light bulbs and cones.

bottle barometer

bottle barometer

The base of the barometer is a half liter glass bottle. A soft bottle will not work, because when the pressure changes, it can deform. In addition to the glass vessel, the necessary components are a cork and a glass tube. A hole must be drilled in the cork, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the tube. Instead of a tube, a piece of a dropper one meter long is most often used. The dropper in the cork must be sealed tightly. The procedure for assembling a liquid barometer is as follows:

  1. The bottle is half filled with liquid. It is not recommended to use ordinary water, because after a short period of time it will bloom. Therefore, for the manufacture of a homemade barometer, it is advisable to take distilled water. In order to make it better visible in the dropper, the water must be tinted with food coloring;
  2. The bottle is hermetically sealed with a prepared cork with a dropper. Air must enter the bottle only through a dropper, otherwise the barometer will not work;
  3. A meter-long piece of wooden shingles is attached to the bottle, to which a dropper is neatly attached. The shingle is necessary for applying the barometer scale. This design option can be replaced by winding the dropper on the bottle, but then the scale will need to be applied to the dropper itself;
  4. To apply the scale, you need to know exactly two marks that are measured on different days. They must correspond to the exact value of atmospheric pressure in this area.

light bulb barometer

light bulb barometer

For the manufacture of this version of the barometer, a conventional light bulb is used. And it does not matter whether it is whole or burned out, because it is the bulb of the light bulb that is important for the design. To make a barometer, you need to drill a hole in the glass part of the light bulb next to the base. The hole diameter should be 2-3 mm. Drilling a hole in a glass flask is not very easy, for this you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

  • a hole is drilled in the end of the bulb base to let air in there;
  • the drilling site on the glass flask is smeared with machine or vegetable oil and sprinkled with abrasive dust with fine sandpaper;
  • the light bulb is clamped in a vise with a base and wrapped with cloth or paper;
  • a piece of copper wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm is used as a drill;
  • after drilling a hole in the flask, it is necessary to solder or close up the hole in the base.

To complete the manufacture of the barometer, it is necessary to fill the light bulb halfway with tinted liquid and hang it up. In summer, the barometer is hung outside the room, in spring and autumn - between the panes of the window, and in winter it is removed into the room.

The level of fogging of the light bulb signals the weather for the next day

The level of fogging of the light bulb signals the weather for the next day:

  • there is no fogging - clear weather is expected;
  • fogging from small and frequent drops - cloudy weather;
  • fogging from medium drops with vertical dry paths - cloudy weather, short rain is not far away;
  • fogging with large drops that flow into the water - a major rain is expected;
  • no condensation inside when it rains outside - by the end of the rain;
  • large drops, which are located in the central part of the flask, just above the water level - a large rain will not be far away.

Cone Barometer

Cone Barometer

This version of the barometer is the easiest to manufacture. To make such a weather indicator, you will need:

  • spruce or pine cone;
  • wood resin;
  • a hard piece of blade of grass about 20 cm long.

The principle of operation of such a weather indicator is based on the reaction of cones in various weather conditions. In clear weather, the cones open, and in rainy weather, they close. For the manufacture of a weather indicator, it is more convenient to use large cones.

With the help of tree resin, a blade of grass is glued to one of the scales of the cone. By the movement of this herbal indicator, you can judge the upcoming change in the weather. For convenience, it is advisable to glue the cone to a stand with a back wall with a conditional scale, on which you can observe the slightest movement of a blade of grass.

The use of such simple weather indicators can save the angler from the surprises of nature and the lack of fish biting. If the barometer warns of an impending thunderstorm, of course, it is better to watch such a whim of the weather at home from the window. And even if a thunderstorm is not planned, but just a change in the weather is expected, sometimes it will be right to replace fishing with a trip for mushrooms or berries, and reschedule fishing for the next weekend.

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