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Warm balcony in a city apartment: 14 topical issues

A warm balcony allows you to partly solve the problem of lack of space in a cramped apartment. It can become a cozy study, a smoking room, a clothes dryer, a meeting place for friends over a glass .... ahem, tea and even a small playroom for the kids. In my article I will try to answer a number of frequently asked questions about the insulation and heating of the balcony.

A little effort - and the balcony will turn into a full-fledged living area.

So, how to make a balcony residential and warm?

fencing

1. What fences are optimal for creating a warm balcony?

• Reinforced concrete panel;
• brick fence;
• Fencing made of foam blocks or aerated concrete.

In a temperate climate, foam blocks or aerated concrete with a density of D600 should be preferred. The porous structure of the material will allow you to do without additional insulation. If winter temperatures in your area fall below -15 - -20C, you still have to insulate the fence.

1. Is the warm glazing of balconies installed on a metal fence?

Yes. To do this, a wooden frame is assembled on it, to which frames and outer skin are attached -, profiled sheet, etc. The cross section of the frame is determined by the requirements for insulation; a beam of 100x50 mm is usually used, which allows you to lay a 10-centimeter-thick slab insulation. The beam is attracted to the floor by anchors, and to the railing of the fence - by bolts with wide caps through pre-drilled holes.

Frame elements must be treated with an antiseptic, which will protect the tree from decay and increase its fire resistance. Between the lower beam and the concrete slab, waterproofing is needed: it will prevent the absorption of moisture into the tree in wet and rainy weather. This role can be played by a couple of layers of roofing material or bituminous mastic.

Another option is the complete dismantling of the fence and the installation of panoramic windows. There are, however, a couple of problems here:

• Transparent glass from top to bottom means that visiting the negligee balcony is cancelled. In it you will be in full view of all passers-by and residents of neighboring houses;
• On sunny summer days, a balcony with panoramic windows will turn into a greenhouse. I state this on the basis of my own experience in operating an attic with a total glazing area of ​​26 square meters. The 12,000 BTU air conditioner copes with the cooling of the attic with noticeable difficulty.

Both problems are solved by installing an impost in the metal-plastic frame and replacing the lower part of the double-glazed window with an insert made of expanded polystyrene laminated with plastic.

1. What should be the height of the fence?

The answer is easy to find in the current regulations. In the general case, it is equal to 100 centimeters with a building height of up to 10 floors and 110 centimeters in houses with a higher number of storeys. If the balcony will be visited by children, the height of the fence should be 120 cm.

Warming and finishing

fencing

1. What and how to insulate the fence?

From its inner side (in the case of a metal fence - right around it) a wooden frame is assembled, which is filled with glued mineral wool slabs. It is better not to use polystyrene: when heated, it releases harmful styrene, and heating in the summer heat will be inevitable.

1. Does the insulation need some kind of protection from moisture and wind??

Necessarily. From the inside, the mineral wool is protected by a vapor barrier film. A windproof membrane from the outside is needed only in the case of a metal fence sewn up with a wind-permeable material (siding or corrugated board).

If thin penofol (foil insulation based on polyethylene foam) is used instead of a vapor barrier film, heat loss through the fence due to infrared radiation will be noticeably reduced. The foam foil layer should be directed towards the environment with a higher temperature (in our case, towards the balcony).

1. How to finish the fence from the inside?

I highly recommend using…laminate flooring. It is much more durable and resistant to moisture compared to MDF wall panels. It is better not to fasten laminate boards with self-tapping screws into a spike, but to glue them to the frame with liquid nails or silicone sealant.

For cutting laminate, it is very convenient to use a grinder with a diamond wheel. The cut is perfectly even and with minimal deviations from the markup. Do not try to use an abrasive instead of a diamond wheel: the edges of the cut will burn.

Ceiling

1. How a balcony or loggia is insulated from above ?

In this case, it is better to use extruded polystyrene foam 30 - 40 mm thick, laid in a wooden crate from a bar of appropriate thickness. Expanded polystyrene, unlike cheaper polystyrene, tolerates heat without releasing styrene. It surpasses mineral wool in the quality of insulation with a small thickness.

It is desirable to fix the sheets on the surface of the ceiling. This is easy to do by spotting them with liquid nails, acrylic putty or silicone sealant. In this case, vapor barrier is not required, but it is advisable to fill the wide gaps between the polystyrene foam and the frame with mounting foam.

It would be a good idea to use penofol here too, placing it under the crate bars before attaching them to the ceiling.

1. How to hem a balcony ceiling?

PVC wall panels. Cheap (about 200 rubles per square meter) and cheerful. The only drawback of plastic panels - their low strength - is leveled by the location on the ceiling, where no one will touch them.

Panels can be fastened with a furniture stapler or self-tapping screws into a spike, or with kleimers.

Floor

1. How is the thermal insulation of the balcony from below, from the side of the floor?

I recommend doing it like this:

• The floor is covered with our old acquaintances - penofol. It will reduce heat loss due to radiation and perform the function of waterproofing between wood and concrete. There are small overlaps on the walls along the edges;
• Through it, longitudinal (laid along the length of the balcony) logs 30-40 mm thick are attached to the floor. The extreme logs should adjoin the wall and the fence;
• Extruded polystyrene foam is placed in the space between the lags;

Two-layer floor insulation: foam is laid on the bottom, polystyrene foam is on top.

The instruction for choosing this particular insulation is due to the fact that it remains effective with a small thickness. Thick floor and ceiling insulation will make the room uncomfortably low.

• A rough flooring is laid along the logs - a tongue-and-groove board, OSB or plywood with a thickness of 15 mm or more.

1. What to lay on the floor as a finishing coating?

In my opinion - linoleum. If the balcony is not heated for some time, condensation or frost will inevitably form on the windows. As it melts, the water will flow down. For laminate, parquet or hardwood flooring, moisture will create serious problems in the form of swollen joints and warping; with linoleum it is enough to wipe puddles.

Glazing

1. What should be the warm glazing of the loggia - with wooden frames, with aluminum or metal-plastic ?

Aluminum is a metal with high thermal conductivity. The frame will become a cold bridge between the street and the balcony. It will contribute to heat loss and collect condensate.

We brush aside.

Modern frames made of pressed wood are not much inferior to metal-plastic ones in terms of strength, geometry stability and resistance to moisture. However, with the same functionality, they are noticeably more expensive. At the same time, nothing prevents you from ordering metal-plastic windows under a tree, with a very reliable imitation of its texture.

The conclusions, I think, are obvious.

Our choice is plastic windows.

1. What should be the double-glazed window?

It all depends on the climate zone. Perhaps I will simply refer the reader to someone else's practical experience in operating windows:

• In the Khabarovsk Territory, where I lived a few years ago (the average temperature in January is about -25 C, at peak frosts reach -45 degrees), the most popular option is a two-chamber (triple) double-glazed window made of ordinary glass 4 mm thick;

• In Sevastopol (the average January temperature is +3, frosts of -15 are extremely rare and last no more than a week a year), single-chamber (double) double-glazed windows with energy-saving glasses are massively installed. The IR-reflecting coating on one of the panes of the double-glazed unit helps to reduce heat loss in winter and heating of the room in summer.

When buying glazing, you can save up to a third of its cost by refusing to install it. However, installing windows with your own hands will completely void your warranty.

1. Do you need separate balcony ventilation? Or is it enough to ventilate it by opening the windows as needed ?

In my opinion, it would be a good idea to install an adjustable intake valve in one of the frames. It allows you to more precisely regulate the inflow compared to the window microventilation system (adjusting the position of the sash in the transom mode). The influx of fresh air will save you, among other things, from condensation on the windows.

If the balcony will be supplied with a constant source of heat, the supply valve must be located directly above it. A thermal curtain will eliminate the appearance of cold drafts.

Heating

1. How and how to heat a balcony?

First and foremost: all options for a warm balcony with a water-heated floor are swept aside immediately and for good. Believe my experience: defrosting a warm floor on a balcony is easier than a lung, and restoring it is still hemorrhoids.

In addition: a water-heated floor is laid in an insulated screed. It will raise the floor at least 10 - 12 cm and create a serious load on the floor slab.

The most obvious solution is to put a radiator on the balcony, connected to the central heating system in parallel with the battery in the room. Even 20 years ago, housing organizations looked at such changes in the configuration of the heating system through their fingers, but now there is a very real chance of receiving an administrative penalty for unauthorized connection and an order to restore the original wiring configuration at their own expense.

What's in the dry matter?

• All kinds of oil and electric convectors. They can be floor standing or permanently mounted on the wall. The obvious drawback of the solution is high operating costs: with an average power consumption of 1 kW, heating a balcony will cost about 2,500 rubles per month at current rates;

• Reduce costs will allow electric underfloor heating. The easiest way to install film heaters: they do not require pouring the screed and can be laid under any finish coating (including linoleum). Savings are achieved through a more rational distribution of temperatures: the air is most heated not under the ceiling, but where heat is needed - right above the floor;

In the photo - an electric film heating element. It can be laid under linoleum, laminate or tile.

• For regions with warm winters, installing an air conditioner will be a profitable solution. It will solve both the problem of cooling the balcony and the room adjacent to it in the hot summer, and heating them in the winter. Modern inverter split systems are capable of delivering up to 5 kW of heat per kilowatt of electrical power consumed and work for heating at outdoor temperatures down to -25C;
• Finally, in gasified houses, the installation of a gas convector is most beneficial. The cost of a device with a power of 2 kW is about 6 thousand rubles. Combustion products are discharged through a coaxial (double) pipe through the balcony railing directly to the street; fresh air is also taken from there for the operation of the burner.

Conclusion

I hope that I was able to answer all the questions of the dear reader. To learn more about how a warm balcony can be equipped, the video in this article will help you. I look forward to your comments and additions. Good luck, comrades!

September 15, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thanks!

In winter, do you have to forget about the balcony? It's time for a change - make a warm cozy corner out of a warehouse of unnecessary things or even! Insulating a cold balcony in both a new building and a private house is not as difficult as it seems: it is enough to know what materials can be used and in what sequence to carry out insulation work.

To begin with, it is worth saying that there are two ways to insulate a balcony - from the inside and outside. External insulation, of course, is more convenient - precious centimeters of area are not “eaten up”, and the cladding of the balcony facade becomes more pleasant. But this is a laborious process that requires the involvement of a construction team and industrial climbers. Therefore, in the article we will focus on how to properly insulate a balcony in an apartment from the inside - this can be done independently.

For insulation inside the balcony, first of all, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. They include several important steps:

• How to start warming a loggia or balcony? Free up space from all unnecessary. It is best if the balcony is completely empty: it is much easier to work this way. Also, get rid of the old finish in advance.
• Seal all the cracks - a lot of heat escapes through them. For small gaps, a weather-resistant sealant is suitable, fill larger gaps with mounting foam - it will not only fill the voids, but also serve as an additional heat insulator.
• To make it easier for you to carry out work on insulation, it is important to even out cracks and irregularities on the walls and ceiling with cement mortar.
• If you plan to place light bulbs or lighting fixtures on the balcony, you should take care of the wiring in advance. To hide unpresentable cables, place them in plastic boxes.
• Before starting work, cover the opening between the balcony and the adjacent room with a film so that building dust and other pollutants do not get into the apartment.

Is it possible to insulate a balcony in winter? Yes, you can. Only when working in winter, it is necessary to choose frost-resistant materials, in particular mounting foam.

How to insulate a balcony: what materials are better to choose

To understand how to insulate a loggia or balcony, let's first figure out what properties the materials should have:

• high strength;
• fire safety;
• water resistance;
• environmental friendliness;
• relatively low cost;
• ease of installation (if we want to do all the work with our own hands).

Most often, mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polystyrene, etc. are used for insulation. Sometimes several of these materials are combined. We have reflected the pros and cons of each heat insulator in the table:

insulation	Advantages	disadvantages
Expanded clay>	Low cost; Durability; fire safety; Not afraid of mold and mildew; Light weight; Easily takes any shape	High moisture permeability; Suitable only for floor insulation; May be difficult to install
Mineral wool	Good sound and heat insulation; Environmental friendliness; fire safety; Easily takes any shape	Deterioration of properties when exposed to water; The thickness of the insulation "steals" the usable area
Styrofoam	Low cost; Ease of installation; Light weight; Not afraid of mold and mildew	fragility; combustibility
Extruded polystyrene boards	High strength; Ease of installation; moisture resistance; Durability	Relatively high cost
polyurethane foam(liquid insulation)	High strength; moisture resistance; Durability; Fills cavities of any shape	Relatively high cost; Mandatory availability of special equipment
Penofol(foamed polyethylene with a layer of metal foil)	moisture resistance; Durability; Small thickness; Good thermal and waterproofing	Rarely used as an independent heat insulator, usually only in combination with other materials

What is the best insulation for a balcony? The answer to this question depends on your preferences and financial capabilities. You can read more about the characteristics of insulation, as well as about it in general, in our blog.

First, a waterproofing layer of polyethylene or penofol must be laid on the floor so that dampness does not bother us. Masters advise laying penofol with the reflective side up. Along the way, we can fix the waterproofing on the walls. The joints between the sheets of the waterproofing agent are best glued with foil tape.

Another good waterproofing agent is bitumen-based mastic. It dries for about a day, the surfaces treated with it cannot be touched.

Then we install logs - wooden beams or metal beams that serve as the basis for floors, platforms and other surfaces. Wooden logs are suitable for floor insulation. You should choose logs made of quality materials: the moisture content in wood should not exceed 12%. Also, in order to prevent fungus and decay, the bars are treated with an antiseptic or primer.

The distance between the lags should be equal to the width of the insulation, and the builders recommend making the height of the bars 10-15 centimeters - this is necessary to reliably protect the floor from frost. To seal the holes between the lags and the wall, as well as fix the bars in the desired position, use mounting foam. Do not worry about accuracy: excess foam can be cut off with a knife after it dries.

Next, a heat-insulating layer, slab or fibrous, is laid. Make sure that there are no gaps between the heat insulator and the lags: "cold bridges" will negate all your efforts to warm. If you are laying the heat insulator in several layers, be sure to shift each new layer so that the seams between the sheets of insulation are not in the same place.

To protect the floor from condensation, you will need a layer of vapor barrier.

Using self-tapping screws, attach a "rough" floor made of boards, plywood sheets, fiberboard or chipboard to the logs. This is the last step before finishing the floor, such as laminate, linoleum or carpet.

There are two technologies for insulating the ceiling - with or without a frame. Before starting work, it is recommended to apply an antiseptic layer to the ceiling: this way you will protect the surface from mold.

If you decide to make a crate, you will need wooden bars and dowels. We lay a heater in the crate - mineral wool or polystyrene is suitable as a heat-insulating layer. Mineral wool is fixed with mounting foam, and the foam plastic is held without additional fastening. Then the ceiling is finished: plastic panels, drywall, wall paneling - any materials will do, it all depends on your idea.

Without a frame, ceiling insulation work is carried out as follows: the ceiling surface must be cleaned of dust and dirt, and also treated with reinforcing soil - this will help fix the insulation more securely. Then the glue is applied to the foam sheets (it is enough to apply glue around the perimeter and a little in the middle). We glue the sheets to the ceiling, for reliability they are fastened with dowel-mushrooms. We close the joints with mounting foam.

The adhesive you will be using must never contain toluene.

Our waterproofing is already ready, so we can immediately install a crate of wooden bars. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the heat insulator, and the height of the bars should be equal to the width of the insulation. For walls, polystyrene foam plates, polystyrene foam or high-quality mineral wool are suitable. The joints between the insulation, as always, are filled with foam. On top of the insulation you need to fix the vapor barrier film.

As a rule, the wall between the balcony and the room is insulated in one layer, and the remaining walls are insulated in two layers, or the thickest heat insulator is used.

And what to do with windows?

Think about it: is it worth it to insulate a balcony with cold glazing? If you want a truly warm corner, you should not save on windows. You can insulate the ceiling, floor and walls to the highest standard, but cold air will still seep through old or low-quality double-glazed windows.

If your balcony is not glazed, first of all, pay attention to the parapet - a low wall that protects the balcony from the street. It must be strong enough to withstand the window structure.

Which windows to choose? If you are planning to turn the balcony into a living room, two-chamber plastic windows with hinged sashes will do. They are more hermetic than sliding window systems, and such windows also have better heat and sound insulating properties. The only negative is that since the area of ​​​​the balcony is mostly small, the arrangement of furniture can interfere with opening the windows.

In general, you can install plastic windows with your own hands. But it is better not to take risks if you have no experience: after all, even some window installation companies make annoying mistakes in their work. In order not to run into unfortunate installers, frosting of windows and, be sure to study the reviews of people who have collaborated with a particular company.

If it is still not possible to install new windows, it is quite possible to find another way out. on the balcony easily with the help of improvised materials.

Even on a perfectly insulated balcony it can be a little chilly in winter. To make it comfortable for you to be on the balcony on the most frosty days, an electric heater would be an ideal option. Usually it is placed against the wall separating the balcony and the apartment. You should not put a heater near the windows, otherwise the glass will start to fog up.

It is impossible to carry out central heating on the balcony: this is prohibited by building codes.

Also a good solution for heating would be an electric underfloor heating or a water floor. Modern technology of warm floors will please you as long as the balcony itself will exist. Many systems are equipped with a thermostat, so you can set a comfortable temperature.

After you have carried out all the necessary work on insulation, you should take care of. If you sealed up all the cracks on the balcony, there will simply be nowhere for fresh air to come from. Therefore, regularly

Many modern apartments are complemented by balconies and loggias. This space can be effectively used if the structure is glazed and insulated. In a well-insulated space, you can equip a study, a space for relaxation and even a compact bedroom. In this regard, various questions arise. Among them, how to insulate a loggia so that it is warm there in winter, what materials to use, is it possible to insulate a balcony in winter.

Rice. 1 Comfortable and beautiful space

When can a balcony be insulated?

The process of warming the balcony and loggia involves a number of repairs. Many apartment owners are sure that repairs should not be done in winter, that the result will not be the best. In fact, the situation is somewhat different. There are works that have temperature restrictions. It is desirable to carry out glazing at a temperature not lower than minus eighteen, but it is better to choose the least frosty day. If mounting foam is used, then choose a special one that is not sensitive to frost.

All other aspects of winter insulation of balconies are also associated with the right choice of materials. Do not use foam boards, which are covered with plaster on top. All mixtures are diluted with water, and in the cold the water freezes. The plaster does not have time to harden with a set of strength and will begin to crumble during the warm period.

For winter insulation, materials that are placed under the lining of siding, corrugated board or other similar materials are best suited. In this case, you can use almost any type of insulation.

Winter repairs are often more profitable and convenient. Construction companies give discounts. If mistakes were made in the process of work, then defects will be immediately noticeable immediately.

What needs to be done?

In order for the balcony to be comfortable both in winter and in summer, insulation must be carried out on all surfaces. Glazing is a very important part. If it has already been completed, then it is necessary to check the quality of thermal insulation. Steel frames, aluminum without insulation and old wooden ones are not suitable for a warm room. Plastic or modern wooden frames equipped with double-glazed windows effectively retain heat. There is also the option of using structures made of insulated aluminum profiles. To install a rather heavy glazing, a reliable fence is required. If it cannot withstand such a weight, then work is carried out to strengthen it.

Rice. 2 How to insulate a balcony for the winter

After glazing, it is necessary to insulate the walls from the outside and from the inside. In addition, they insulate the ceiling, floor and process all joints so that even small gaps do not remain.

The presence of thermal insulation in itself will not increase the temperature on the loggia or balcony. If the door to the resulting room is not removed, it remains separate, then in this case an additional heat source will be needed. It is not possible to make an additional connection to the central heating. It remains to choose between different forms of electric heaters.

The choice of insulation

There are a lot of thermal insulation materials and all have their pros and cons. Consider the main options used for warming balconies.

1. Mineral wool is produced in rolls and in the form of mats. It provides a fairly high level of thermal insulation. The material is used to insulate all surfaces. Moisture protection is required, i.e. installation of vapor barrier membranes and waterproofing.
2. Polyfoam is used for both external and internal insulation. The surface can be finished with plaster, in which case a reinforcing mesh is used. The material does not absorb water, so special moisture protection is not required.
3. Penoplex is one of the types of extruded polystyrene. It has a high density, which allows it to be used for floor insulation under a screed. The only disadvantage compared to polystyrene is the high cost.
4. Penofol is an insulating material with a foil surface. Thanks to the foil layer, heat is reflected in the direction where the coating is directed. It is used exclusively for internal insulation.

External insulation

The nature of the external insulation is selected depending on the season. If the outside temperature is above zero, then foam plastic can be used, followed by plastering.

First, the surfaces are cleaned of contaminants. They are glued sheets of foam or polystyrene foam. Additionally, they are reinforced with special dowels. A reinforcing mesh is stretched over the surface. It is additionally fixed using an adhesive composition. Apply it in two layers. After hardening, irregularities are removed and the final finish is performed.

Rice. 3 External thermal insulation and finishing

Warming with mineral wool can be performed at any time of the year. A crate is attached to the surface of the balcony. Mineral wool boards are laid between its elements. From above, the material is covered with waterproofing, which is fixed with smaller wooden bars. Finally, the balcony is trimmed with siding or other similar materials.

Internal work

Internal thermal insulation of the balcony space includes a whole range of works.

The process begins with sealing all the cracks. For this, frost-resistant sealants and mastics based on polyurethane are used. It is more convenient to apply them with a gun or a special plastic nozzle.

• a vapor barrier film is placed on all surfaces, all joints are carefully glued using construction tape;
• install a crate (wooden or metal);
• lay a heater;
• a layer of penofol can be placed on top, but not necessarily;
• sheathe surfaces with sheet materials;
• perform the finishing touches.

Floor insulation includes the following steps:

• surface cleaning and leveling;
• laying waterproofing, joints are treated with sealant;
• insulation installation;
• pouring the screed, the thickness of which is about five centimeters;
• finishing.

The floor on the balcony can be made without a screed, on the logs. To do this, wooden blocks are laid on top of the waterproofing. Insulating material is placed between them, and boards, wood boards or thick plywood are strengthened over the log.

Rice. 4 Placement of materials inside the balcony space

The ceiling requires special insulation only if it is not the floor of the balcony above. In the second case, more significant sound insulation and the usual placement of insulation are required.

If the balcony is located on the top floor, then a thorough approach will be needed. In addition to the insulation layer, there is a waterproofing and anti-condensation layer, and from the inside the material is protected by a vapor barrier. Be sure to check the quality of the roof.

All work is completed with a finishing touch. If the insulation is carried out correctly, then with a little additional heating, the balcony will become a cozy corner even in winter.

balkonix.ru

How to insulate a loggia so that it is warm in winter

The loggia is a room with walls and this differs from the balcony. If you know how to insulate the loggia so that it is warm there in winter, you can equip it as a separate room. You can do the insulation yourself if you follow the step-by-step instructions and follow the advice of experts. You can do inexpensive repairs yourself, the main thing is not to be afraid to try.

Do-it-yourself loggia insulation, step by step instructions

Warming is carried out in the following step-by-step sequence:

1. Installation of energy-saving double-glazed windows.
2. Insulation of the parapet of the loggia.
3. Insulation of the floor surface.
4. Underfloor heating installation.
5. Insulation of the ceiling and walls.

First you need to check the quality of the parapet. If it is made of iron rods, then replace it with another one so that it is convenient to install double-glazed windows. For example, a parapet can be laid out with a foam block with a size of 10 centimeters. A light brick will also work. The foam block is a lightweight material that requires external finishing with siding or galvanized iron sheets, as it absorbs moisture.

In order for the loggia to be warm in winter, it is necessary to carry out glazing. The best option would be two-chamber PVC bags. Some manufacturers of these windows provide installation free of charge. If the installation is paid, and you plan to save money, you can insert windows with your own hands, only by ordering them from the manufacturer. After installing the windows, all the cracks on the loggia are sealed with a sealant for high-quality insulation.

Do not forget to insulate the parapet, which will protect the loggia from dampness, cold and fungus. Finishing with insulation is done similarly to walls, but there are some nuances. The parapet additionally needs to be finished with waterproofing. To do this, you can take penofol, which is overlapped and the seams must be sealed. Instead of penofol, you can use roofing material.

Then the floor is insulated so that it is warm in winter. Since the loggia during construction is made with a slope and cracks, it must be leveled with bars along and across. The voids between the frame are filled with polystyrene foam. Often the loggia is insulated with penoplex.

The insulation layer cannot fully provide heat in the loggia, and because of this, it is necessary to make the floor heated. Heating by the central system is prohibited, therefore, a warm electric floor is being installed so that it is warm in the cold season. An electric cable is laid out on the heater. You need to spread it with the calculation of capturing a larger heating area. Then a 4 cm screed is made. The solution is made from cement M 400 and sand (at a ratio of one to three) and water. Tiles are laid out on top.

To insulate the ceiling on the loggia, polyurethane foam plates are used. Cut sheets out of them and install with plastic dowels. For reliability, the plates can be pre-planted with glue. The insulated ceiling guarantees the tightness and warmth of the loggia, otherwise all the heat will go to the top floor and there will be no heat in this room in winter.

The walls are insulated with polyurethane boards. Before installation, all joints, cracks and crevices are treated with sealant. The corners need to be given a special place during sealing and insulation so that the cold does not get outside in winter.

You will be interested in: How to insulate a balcony inside with your own hands

The cost of insulation depends on the chosen material, when choosing which, if you want to be warm, it is not recommended to save. It is better to give preference to reputable manufacturers. The price of loggia insulation, depending on the complexity, can vary greatly.

Warming the loggia takes quite a lot of time, effort and labor, but a well-insulated room will not require repairs for many years, and this pays for all the work and costs. A private office, a place to relax or have a tea party is the best reward for work. Now you know how to insulate the loggia so that it is warm in winter. In a similar way, you can try to carry out the insulation of the balcony.

remontick.ru

How to insulate a loggia so that it is warm in winter, with your own hands: step by step photo, video

The main difference between a loggia and a balcony is that it is a continuation of the area of ​​​​the apartment. Therefore, it is not surprising that some homeowners want to equip this additional space. The loggia can become a relaxation area, a personal office or even a green corner. It is perfect for insulation, because it consists of two walls fixed with a ceiling. For those who decide to insulate the loggia - this is certainly a plus. But how to insulate the loggia with your own hands so that it is cozy and warm there in winter? Step-by-step instructions with photos and videos will help you with this.

Choosing a heater: popular materials

Among the variety of thermal insulation materials, there are several of the most common. Which one is better? It's hard to answer right away. To give an accurate answer, you will need to analyze the characteristics of each material.

Mineral wool is the most common thermal insulation material. It consists of glass and slag. Its thickness can reach 0.2 m. Main positive characteristics:

• hygroscopicity;
• moisture resistance;
• noise resistance;
• resistance to fire;
• resistance to chemical agents.

Insulation - mineral wool

Mineral wool is produced in the form of rolls and plates. Often one of its sides is foil. This is done in order to improve the performance of thermal insulation.

Advice. When working with mineral wool, use personal protective equipment (goggles, gloves and a respirator).

Expanded polystyrene is a gas-filled material formed from polystyrene derivatives and styrene copolymers. Another name for it is hard foam. In polystyrene foam, the air is sealed inside the bubbles. The positive characteristics of the material include:

• good thermal insulation;
• resistance to water, soda and detergents.

But the sun's rays, as well as precipitation, negatively affect the material. With a long reaction, its thermal insulation properties deteriorate. Nevertheless, expanded polystyrene has good sound insulation and is not affected by bacteria and other microorganisms.

Insulation of the loggia with penoplex

Extruded polystyrene foam. He's penoplex. It is produced in the form of plates. Not much different from polystyrene foam. The main difference is in the improved thermal insulation characteristics. Also, the material is more durable than polystyrene foam. The thickness of the material plates is about 20 mm. Therefore, when interior decoration, a significant reduction in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room does not occur.

Do-it-yourself loggia insulation: step by step instructions

Warming of the loggia begins with its glazing. It is unlikely that it will be possible to do this on your own, so it is better to contact a specialized company for the installation of plastic windows.

Advice. Choose products from trusted manufacturers, do not save on fittings.

After the loggia is glazed, you can begin to warm it. The most popular materials are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. But if we take into account the material in terms of ease of use, then, of course, expanded polystyrene occupies a leading position.

Loggia prepared for insulation work

The preparatory stage is preceded by installation work. It includes:

1. Preparation of material and tools.
2. Covering window frames and glass with foil to avoid scratching them.
3. Protective cover of window mechanisms so that building dust does not get into them.

When all conditions are met, proceed to the insulation of the loggia.

Ceiling insulation

• Start from the ceiling. It is necessary to cut off the building foam and remove the remaining mortar.
• Clean the surface of dirt and peeling layers of paint.
• Treat the surface of the walls and ceiling with a deep penetration primer.
• If the wall of the loggia is made of concrete, then use a puncher to drill holes at a slope towards the street. This is done to create ventilation under the surface of the Styrofoam.

Attention! If the walls are brick, then you do not need to drill such holes.

• Make holes and strobes for the cable. A socket and a lighting device are mounted on the balcony. Thus, you can connect a heating device or underfloor heating.
• The electrical cable must be laid inside PVC pipes, which are used for installation in wooden structures.
• As a heat-insulating material, it is best to use expanded polystyrene.

Advice. Purchase material exclusively of facade grades with a density of more than 15 kg per cubic meter.

• Using a level, measure the base in order to reveal errors from an ideal surface.
• Attach a sheet of insulation and make marks with a pen that interfere with the installation of the plate (pipe entry points). Cut out the marks with a cutter.
• Knead the adhesive solution. Follow the instructions on the package. After that, let the solution stand for about 5 minutes and knead it again. It should be of the right consistency - moderately liquid and thick.

• The solution is applied by means of a trowel to the insulation. After that, the expanded polystyrene sheet is tried on and pressed against the ceiling surface.
• Next, drill holes, insert studs into the ceiling, but do not hammer them all the way.
• Attach the rest of the sheets to the ceiling and measure the surface with a spirit level.

Advice. To adjust the level between the sheets, graters are used, they erase the difference in differences. And the gaps between the insulation plates are sealed with polyurethane foam.

Wall insulation

• After insulating the ceiling, start working on the walls. Warming should begin with the coolest wall.
• Expanded polystyrene sheets are glued with a special adhesive. It is applied with a mounting gun.

Attention! If you apply too much glue on the sheet, then after drying it will be almost impossible to remove it.

• Before gluing the sheet, the foam is applied not only to it, but also to the wall. It is important that the glue does not get into the drilled holes.
• Glue the insulation in a checkerboard pattern. This is done in order to prevent the appearance of vertical seams.
• Drill and hammer the remaining umbrellas on the ceiling. Use at the rate of 5 or 7 pieces per square meter.
• In the corners of windows and doors, the plates are installed with an L-shaped cutout. The edges can be finished with a grater if necessary.
• Those slopes that already exist, glue with strips of the appropriate size. The control of the right angle is carried out by means of a square.

• Tape all received seams.
• Glue profiles with reinforcing mesh to the corners of the slopes.
• Then you can start reinforcing the rest of the surface. Mesh connections must be made with an overlap of at least 0.1 m.
• After reinforcing the walls, when the top layer hardens, apply a leveling layer. Repeat again.
• Then you can proceed to puttying and painting the walls. And if the loggia is heated, then you can paste over the walls with wallpaper.

Floor insulation

• The final stage is floor insulation. To do this, use a screed of cement and sand.
• The screed is laid on sheets of insulation, on top of which a metal mesh is laid. The screed solution must be mixed well and leveled on the floor.
• Raise the net a couple of centimeters. The floor should be very even. After it dries, it will be ready for use with any floor covering.

• The main work has been completed. It remains to paint or paste over the walls, mount sockets and lighting fixtures, remove the protective film from the glass and frames and clean up.

Insulating a loggia with your own hands is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. The main thing is to choose the right heat-insulating material and carry out work on insulation in stages. What insulation is better to choose for a loggia? There are plenty of options. It all depends on financial capabilities, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and its purpose. The end result matters. The loggia should be not only warm, but also cozy.

Insulation of the loggia with polystyrene foam with trim: video

Loggia insulation: photo

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Warming of the balcony and loggia for the winter

The main difference between a loggia and a balcony is the presence of walls. Otherwise, they are pretty similar. The owners of apartments equipped with such a room are happy to use it in the warm season. From early spring to late autumn, they rest here, put indoor flowers and other plants here. With the onset of cold weather, the territory of the loggia is empty. Thinking about how to insulate the loggia so that it is warm there in winter, consumers find a variety of solutions, but they all boil down to the fact that full insulation is required using high-quality thermal insulation materials.

Beginning of work

Before glazing, it is necessary to strengthen the parapet

It is possible to limit the access of cold air and precipitation with the help of glazing. The first step is to pay attention to the parapet. It is he who will serve as the basis for double-glazed windows. In cases where the parapet is just iron bars, you will have to equip a real barrier by removing or closing the grate. The most popular solution is to lay out the walls of the fence from the foam block. This material weighs little, which means that the pressure on the overlap will increase slightly. The thickness of each foam block is enough to subsequently install PVC windows on it.

The height of the erected barrier must be at least 110 cm. Otherwise, being at the window will be dangerous for both children and adults.

To provide warmth for the winter, double-glazed windows must be double-glazed

Glazing should be started after all work on the preparation of the parapet is completed. Now you can call a measurer who will determine the exact height of the windows and all the parameters of the double-glazed windows. To provide warmth for the winter and create a full-fledged obstacle to the penetration of cold air, double-glazed windows must be double-glazed.

After the glazing is completed, you can proceed to the preparatory work, the construction of the frame and the laying of thermal insulation materials. When choosing the most suitable type, it is necessary to take into account such qualities as:

• moisture resistance;
• thermal conductivity level;
• security;
• strength;
• durability.

mineral wool

When deciding how to insulate a balcony, they choose one of the most sought-after and popular materials, among which are: foam and mineral wool, expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam, foam and technoplex. Each of these materials has a lot of advantages and its own characteristic features.

A balcony or loggia is an unheated room in an apartment. Therefore, they are a source of heat loss from an apartment or house. Even a well-glazed balcony lets in a significant amount of heat.

To avoid this, the balcony or loggia is insulated from the inside. It should be noted that there are different approaches to warming this type of room.

The type and method of warming the balcony and loggia depends on:

• intended purpose:

• the balcony is not intended for storage, they are insulated in order to reduce heat loss from the room. In this case, work is carried out according to a scheme similar to outdoor heating. That is, only one side of it, adjacent to the wall of the room, is insulated;

• the balcony is for storage. Insulated around the perimeter of all surfaces. Since there should not be a high temperature here, the requirements for heat-insulating materials are not particularly high;

• balcony, which is a continuation of the living room or serving as an office, library, gym, etc. In this case, heat loss through windows and all surfaces is eliminated. And as the materials used, heat insulators with high density and considerable thickness are used. Particular attention is paid to the thermal conductivity of the material and the rules for its installation.

• heating budget. It determines both the type of insulation, and the area of ​​​​insulation, and further finishing. It also determines whether to entrust the work to professionals or to do the insulation of the balcony with your own hands;

• season. Low temperatures can withstand any kind of insulation. But solutions, adhesives and foam must be used taking into account the ambient temperature. As a rule, "winter varieties" are more expensive. And the duration of work in winter is more significant;

Consider ways to insulate a balcony using various heaters and give some important practical tips on how to make the insulation of a loggia more effective. We will proceed from the fact that it is necessary to qualitatively and inexpensively insulate the balcony on all surfaces inside - walls, ceiling and floor.

Insulation requirement:

1. light weight. In order not to weigh down the balcony, which is much lower in strength than the loggia;
2. small volume. In order not to occupy the useful living space of a balcony or loggia;
3. low cost;
4. security. Fire and environmental;
5. opportunity to do the work yourself.

Insulation for balconies and loggias - types and properties

If you have not yet decided what is the best way to insulate a balcony or loggia from the inside, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with popular thermal insulation materials. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages, which are characteristics, cost and installation methods.

Styrofoam

Durable, dense material that does not support combustion well. Resistant to moisture, has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Styrofoam

Dense heater. It has the lowest thermal conductivity, light weight, high strength and low cost.

Basalt and mineral wool

Soft insulation. Works due to its structure. The fibers, located in a chaotic manner, contain air, which does not allow heat to penetrate through the cotton wool. Working with cotton wool, you need to create an additional frame.

Polyurethane foam (PPU)

Sprayed insulation. The material is good in that it does not allow moisture to pass through, makes it possible to adjust the thickness of the insulation and allows you to get a coating without seams. And this, in turn, eliminates the appearance of cold bridges.

Penofol

multilayer material. The polystyrene backing keeps the heat in, and the aluminum screen, which is like a thermal mirror, allows the heat to be reflected inside the house. Can be used on its own or in combination with other heaters.

Expanded clay

Bulk heater. It has a porous structure, thanks to which it retains heat well. Used for floor insulation.

Using these materials to insulate balconies and loggias, you can additionally provide good sound insulation (provided that they are glazed with plastic windows).

A mandatory accompanying attribute when insulating from the inside with most of these materials is a vapor and hydrobarrier film or a superdiffusion membrane. It is designed to protect the insulation, especially soft from getting wet and condensation.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

How to insulate a balcony with your own hands - step by step instructions

• Clearing the premises. It is impossible to do quality work if you have to constantly move things from place to place.

• Crack sealing. We assume that high-quality double-glazed windows are installed on the windows. In any case, there are gaps between the balcony and the wall, at the junction of the ceiling and the floor. So they need to be repaired using foam, sealants or solutions. Slots of considerable size are sealed with pieces of foam.

• Balcony / loggia waterproofing. Needed to keep water out. Moreover, it can enter through micropores in concrete. For this purpose, a deep penetrating primer can be used.

• In the case of using cotton wool, it is necessary to install a waterproofing film. It is fastened with an overlap and secured with tape.

• Installing a heater. There are two methods here:

• frame method. In this case, you must first equip the frame from antiseptic-treated wooden boards or galvanized profiles. Boards are more popular because they are cheaper and allow you to adjust the thickness of the frame. The most commonly used beam is 50x50. A heater is inserted into the formed cells.

• Frameless method. More preferable, but only suitable for rigid insulation. This is due to the fact that the material of the frame with the frame method remains not covered with insulation. That is, wood or metal serve as cold bridges and conduct heat well. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, rigid heaters are mounted without arranging the frame.

• Laying penofol, vapor barrier film or superdiffusion membrane.

• Floor insulation is in progress.

• The final stage is the decorative finishing of the balcony or drywall.

Insulation of the balcony and loggia with mineral wool

The cotton wool is laid so that it fits snugly against the elements of the frame, but is not “rammed”, i.e. no need to further compact it. From this, the structure of the mineral wool will change and part of the air will evaporate. This will reduce the thermal insulation properties of wool. In order for the cotton wool to hold securely on the wall, and especially on the ceiling, it must be additionally fixed using wire or umbrellas (dowels with a wide cap).

Mineral wool fixed with "umbrellas"

Sometimes cotton wool is brought behind the frame, as shown in the figure. Then the elements of the frame are held by cotton wool. However, professionals do not recommend using this approach for low-density wool (less than 50 kg/m3), since wool held in only a few places will settle over time, exposing part of the wall to cold air.

Cotton wool is covered with a vapor barrier film. Then the counter-lattice is stuffed. It allows you to protect the wool from touching the finishing material and avoid the appearance of a dew point in this place.

In more detail, the stages of installing cotton wool are presented in the diagram.

1. floor base
2. floor joists
3. frame
4. Basalt wool
5. Vapor barrier film
6. Control grille
7. Finishing material

Insulation of the balcony with polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam

Rigid insulation is also placed in the frame sections and fixed on foam or special glue. The insulation is not laid close to the frame, but with a gap of 5-10 mm. The gap is subsequently blown out with foam, and the foam sheet is additionally attached with a plastic dowel - an umbrella (fungus).

Fastening foam plastic in a frame way

Fastening polystyrene foam in a frame way

The foam sheets are tightly pressed against each other, and the joints are blown with foam.

Expanded polystyrene sheets are joined according to the "groove-comb" principle.

The sputtering method stands apart in this group. Such heat-insulating material as polyurethane foam is applied to the wall precisely by spraying. Relatively new material on the market is quickly gaining its fans among professionals and amateurs. Because it allows you to perform insulation without additional preparation of the base. The high speed of work execution - less than one day - also speaks in favor of the PPU. Among the disadvantages are the high cost and the inability to do the work yourself without special equipment.

• Firstly, reliable protection of the insulation from moisture;

• Secondly, additional internal insulation;

• Thirdly, the foil reflects 90% of the heat back. What is very important for a balcony or loggia, which, by law, cannot have their own heating sources.

Each owner of an apartment with a balcony can be considered a happy person to a certain extent. Due to this part of the apartment, you can expand the area of ​​​​your home. The balcony can be used not only as a place to store old things. With some effort, you can arrange an office there.

However, in order to create a room with comfortable conditions on the balcony, in which one could be without outerwear in the winter, it is necessary to take care of its additional warming. There are quite a few options for thermal insulation of this building. Which one to choose, each owner decides for himself. Consider the most common ways to insulate a balcony to turn it into a multifunctional room.

Basic concepts when working on the insulation of a balcony

First you need to separate the two closely related concepts of "balcony" and "loggia". Many people confuse them, believing that there is no difference between them. However, there is a difference.

If we talk about the balcony, then it is a remote type structure that completely goes beyond the building. The floor on the balcony is a concrete slab, which is built into the wall. Along its perimeter, it has a metal lattice fence. In the process of warming the balcony, this the grille can be sheathed with any material, namely:

• plastic;
• plywood;
• steel sheets.

But the loggia is a room in which only one side is open. It can be fenced with a parapet made of:

• metal;
• bricks;
• concrete;
• plastic.

How to insulate a balcony yourself: insulation scheme and work plan

If you set out to do the insulation of the balcony with your own hands, then you need to start work by creating a glazing structure. For the reason that the balcony is on the street and when created, it is not isolated in any way, therefore, when glazing it, it is best to use frames with double-glazed windows. For those people who live in regions with a harsh climate, triple-glazed windows are the best choice.

By using insulation on the balcony, the effect of a "thermos" should be created. For this you need to create high-quality insulation for the next room. The use of modern materials will keep the heat on the loggia.

Work order

If we talk about the technology of warming balconies in general, then we note the following steps that it includes.

When the glazing structure is installed, work is done to seal all the cracks. To do this, use mounting foam or resort to the help of sealants. If the gaps are too wide, then they are covered with pieces of plywood or foam is used.

Further All surfaces must be waterproofed balcony from the inside. The market offers a wide range of materials to effectively solve this problem. For example, you can use roofing felt, which is overlapped and glued to the base. A gas burner is used to glue the joints. In addition to roofing material, liquid penetrating substances can also be used. One of the most popular is penetron. It is applied to the surface using a brush or roller. After that, it is necessary to fix the insulation.

When this is done, go to the vapor barrier device. To create it, you can use polyethylene foam with a foil layer. The fastening of this material is carried out end-to-end. When it is laid, it is glued with aluminum tape.

Then they move on to finishing the ceiling and walls of the future room. What materials to use in these works, the owner decides. After that arrange the floor. He can be:

• bulk;
• concrete;
• wooden.

Note that the above insulation scheme for your new room is universal. It can be used for a balcony or loggia. The main thing is to adhere to all the steps and perform them in the correct sequence. Do not use something inexpensive for thermal insulation work. In this case, the insulation will be of poor quality and will not last long.

How to insulate a balcony from the inside: the easiest ways

When the task is to perform high-quality insulation of the balcony, you can use one of several methods. The choice in favor of a certain one will depend on the further use of the insulated balcony.

It is necessary to focus on the technical properties of materials when choosing a heater for thermal insulation of a balcony. There are quite a few materials on the market, and they all differ in their characteristics. The most important of them are:

• coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• compound;
• structure.

Insulation of the balcony with foam

Penoplex is a material belonging to the group of extruded polystyrene foam. It has high thermal conductivity and excellent moisture protection. In addition, its positive quality is flexural and compressive strength. Manufacturers offer it in the form of slabs, in which the thickness can vary from 20 to 100 mm. Plates of this material are smooth and with a surface on which there are protrusions according to the tenon-groove pattern. The use of the latter provides a simple fixing of the material.

If harsh winters are a frequent occurrence in your area of ​​​​residence, then in this case, when choosing a penoplex, preference should be given to plates with a large thickness. If you live in a region with a mild climate, then when insulating a balcony, a foam board up to 40 mm thick should be used.

Penoplex fastening methods largely depend on what finishing material the owner will use for insulation.

If your plans include lining your future room with drywall or using plastic panels, then in this case you can fix the insulation boards with plastic dowels which look like a mushroom.

Experts recommend using dowels with a length of 8 to 10 cm when fixing such a heater. If the owner plans to finish the attached room with plaster, then in this case, in addition to attaching to the glue, it is necessary to additionally fix the foam on the dowels.

The process of installing foam insulation

Work on fixing the insulation on the balcony begins with fixing the plates on the surface with a preliminary waterproofing layer.

The assembly of the plates is carried out end-to-end or resort to the tenon-groove scheme.

We note such a point: foam boards are not intended for fixing to a wooden crate. The device of such a system does not provide heat retention in room. Therefore, if in your plans you use drywall for covering the balcony, then in this case the insulation is mounted according to the above method. Then the vapor barrier is installed. Next comes the crate, on top of which the finishing material is fixed.

At the moment, many experts call penoplex the most suitable material for thermal insulation of a balcony. The main reason is its high strength. If this material parameter is not so important for you, then you can save money on heating if you choose a more affordable option - foam.

How warm your new insulated room will be depends largely on the floor. Therefore, the task of its insulation should be approached with all seriousness. If the work is done incorrectly, then all finishing activities carried out in this part of the apartment will be nullified.

First of all, you need to decide what material to use to insulate the floor surface. Expanded clay is not recommended for this, because it has low thermal insulation performance and to create good insulation, a layer of considerable thickness will be required. But even then, it won't be enough. Not the best option is mineral wool. The use of this material requires a good vapor barrier. Therefore, sheet foam is the most suitable choice.

Usually the installation of the balcony floor is performed with a slight slope. This is done in order to ensure the drainage of water. But since the balcony will be completely isolated from the external environment, when creating it, you can make the floor strictly horizontal.

Stages of work

The first thing to start with is laying penofol on the stove. It should be metal side up. Thanks to him, the reflection of heat on the balcony will be provided. After that, wooden bars 40x40 cm are fastened. When placing them, you should maintain a step of 50 cm.

Further between the bars it is necessary to firmly insert the foam sheets, and the gaps that have arisen should be repaired using mounting foam. Then the second layer of bars is laid perpendicular to the first. This will create an air cushion.

Next, they proceed to the installation of moisture-resistant plywood, which is located on the top layer of the timber. When it is laid, it remains only to install the flooring. It can be laminate or linoleum.

According to the same scheme, you can carry out the insulation of walls and ceilings.

Heating on the balcony

In order to always be warm on your balcony, where you arrange a living room, you need to install an additional source of heating. Previously, this function was performed on the balcony by heating batteries, which were connected to a centralized heating system. This is currently prohibited. However, there are other options for heating the balcony, which will create a comfortable temperature on it.

If the balcony will not be used permanently as a room, then an electric heater can be a suitable source of heat. To install such a device, only need an extra outlet in the apartment and powerful electrical wiring, which must be able to withstand the additional load.

If there is not enough area of ​​​​the apartment for arranging a study or a winter garden, then you can add a few square meters if you insulate the balcony. In this part of the apartment, after thermal insulation, you can arrange a study or increase the area of ​​​​an existing room. It is not so difficult to carry out work on thermal insulation. The main thing is to know the technology of creating a thermal insulation structure and use high-quality materials. In this case you can get an extra room in which it will be warm regardless of the weather outside.