How to grow marigolds in open ground: planting and further care. Marigolds - growing from seeds, when to sow flowers Marigolds, planting time in open ground

Marigolds grow in every garden or garden. Such a statement is unfounded. A flowering plant that is easier to care for and propagate does not exist. These unpretentious, bright, yellow-brown flowers will decorate any corner of the site. Velvety bushes are placed along paths, in mixborders, flower beds, alpine slides, planters and flowerpots, balconies and terraces.

An annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, it has orange, yellow, red-brown and variegated flowers, carved leaves. The leaves are arranged on a hard, erect stem opposite each other or alternately. The stalk is crowned with an inflorescence in the form of baskets containing tubular or reed petals. The bush is compact or sprawling, its height varies in a wide range: from 15 centimeters to 180-200 centimeters.

All flowers of this genus have a strong spicy smell. Flowering begins at the very beginning of summer and stops only with the onset of frost. At the end, a box is formed containing many seeds (up to 700 pieces in one gram). They can be used for planting for 3-4 years.

Marigolds come from the American continent, brought to the Eurasian lands in the sixteenth century. Different countries have their own names and symbols for this flower:

• Imeretian saffron. So they call it in Georgia and use it as a spice and medicine;
• Tagetes. Latin and international designation, in honor of the god Tages, the grandson of Jupiter;
• Chernobrivets (Chernobrovets). Ukrainian name;
• Marigold. Russian name, given for the velvety surface of the petals;
• Marigold. The English designation is the gold of the Virgin Mary;
• African flowers. A long journey has been made from America to Europe by this plant, for which it received its name;
• A flower of a thousand years. They say in China about this flower - a symbol of longevity and health;
• Flower student (studentenblume). It is known under this name in Germany.

There are several varieties of a many-sided flower; many hybrids have been bred on their basis.

• Erect (African) grow to a height of 1 meter, have large (diameter 15 centimeters) double flowers;
• Rejected (undersized), up to 40 centimeters high, flowers are both non-double and double, 5-7 centimeters in coverage;
• The narrow-leaved or Mexican varieties are the most dwarfed species. A bush of spherical shape, 15-20 centimeters high, is literally strewn with small (2 centimeters) lacy flowers;
• According to the height of the bush, they are classified: giant and tall, medium-sized, undersized and dwarf plants;
• Inflorescence shape: simple, semi-double and double.

What are the landing methods?

How to plant marigolds - seedlings or seeds in open ground, everyone decides independently, based on their own conditions and capabilities. It must be understood that flowers grown in seedlings will bloom much earlier than those planted with seeds outside. The germination of seeds of an unpretentious plant is almost one hundred percent.

We plant in open ground when to do it

Sowing seeds in outdoor conditions is carried out when the air temperature warms up to at least 5 degrees at night, in the middle lane this is the second half of May.

The selected area is dug up, grooves are cut 1.5-2 centimeters deep. The distance between the rows of grooves is chosen based on the height of the plant - for undersized flowers, the row spacing is 15-25 centimeters, and for high flowers - 40 centimeters.

Seeds are laid in moistened grooves, with an interval of 2 centimeters from each other. Fall asleep and again water a little. The first seedlings will sprout within a week, when 2 true leaves appear on them - the plants can be planted in a permanent place, thinning out the existing plantings.

For planting seeds in open ground, it is desirable to germinate the seeds. Such a measure is optional, but it allows you to get a quick and friendly germination.

How to germinate seeds

• Prepare a flat plate or plastic backing and a loose cotton cloth;
• Spread the prepared seeds on a damp cloth and close it on top;
• Place a plate with a cloth placed in it in a transparent plastic bag and place it on a warm, illuminated window sill (or an equivalent place);
• After 2-3 days, the hatched seeds are ready for planting outside.

Planting by seedling method

Marigolds are planted for seedlings throughout the month of March and early April. It should be based on the climatic conditions of the region, since early sowing will cause the seedlings to stretch excessively and lose their decorative effect. You can plant tall species earlier, and stunted species in April. Flowering at the same time will come in June.

Perform actions in the following sequence:

• Prepare a mixture of peat, sand, sod land and humus;
• Disinfect the earth with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, dry;
• At the bottom of the container (container, box, pot) place drainage, and in the bottom part there should be holes for the outflow of water;
• Pour the soil mixture into a container, pour water;
• Place the seeds in the shallow grooves made at a distance of 1-2 centimeters;
• Sprinkle on top of the same soil (layer thickness 6-8 centimeters) and water;
• Cover crops with film or glass;
• Put in a warm, well-lit place.

Periodically carefully moisten the seedlings, and when it grows up, they begin to harden, taking it out to a cool veranda during the daytime. This ventilates the seedlings, reduces the risk of blackleg infection. If any plant still falls ill, it is removed along with the root, and the remaining seedlings (soil) are treated with a fungicide.

It is necessary to prevent stagnation of water, but also not to overdry the seedlings. You can feed it with a special complex fertilizer.

If the seedlings grow early and they become cramped in one box, they can be dived. Such a measure is necessary so that the planting material remains healthy.

Seedlings are planted in open ground when 2-3 leaves appear. Usually it is the month of May.

They are placed in the garden according to the scheme: after 20 centimeters, small and dwarf forms, after 30 - medium-sized plants, and high ones with an interval of 40 centimeters from each other. The root neck when planting is buried 2 centimeters into the soil.

Planted marigolds take root well, they need to be watered regularly.

Where to get seeds

In addition to buying seed material in specialized stores, you can prepare it yourself.

To do this, on a plant that has faded and formed seed baskets, leave several of these inflorescences, allowing them to dry on the bush. After that, the dried seeds are easily removed and stored until spring.

Some amateur flower growers do this: several faded plants harvested before winter are dug into the ground to a depth of 10-20 centimeters. You can cover this place from above with the remains of other flowers and weeds. In the spring, when the ground thaws, remove the overwintered plants and collect seeds from them, plant in the usual way.

How to care, what conditions are necessary

For good development, marigolds are planted in ventilated, sunny places where they will bloom perfectly and gain green mass. Plants are accustomed to drought, but they should not be left without watering for a long time - the bushes may wither.

With excessive watering or prolonged rains, there is a danger of rotting of the stems.

Abundant flowering is facilitated by loosening the soil after irrigation, including row spacing. And also it is necessary to remove those inflorescences that have faded.

Fertilizer with a phosphorus-potassium mixture can make flowering more friendly, lush and long-lasting. It is desirable to carry out such root dressing during the setting of buds and in the midst of the flowering season.

After the frost destroys the flowering bushes, they are pulled out, crushed and plowed into the ground during autumn digging. Possessing disinfecting properties, the fragrant plant is able to prevent fungal infections of the site.

Curious data about marigolds

• The aroma of the leaves is sharper and more persistent than that of the flowers.
• In India, these are sacred flowers, they decorate the surroundings near the statues of the god Krishna.
• The smell of plants is attractive to pollinating insects.
• Yellow-orange flowers at the dawn of Christianity were used to weave wreaths that symbolized gold coins and adorned the faces of the Holy Virgin Mary.
• There are types of marigolds that are cultivated specifically for wine-making purposes and for use in the food industry.
• In cooking, individual varieties are used as spices, used in mixtures and on their own. Imeretian saffron is an exquisite seasoning in Mexico, Argentina and Chile, in European, Caucasian cuisine and Russia. Yellow dried powder in very small quantities is added to soups, meat and fish dishes, sauces and many others. Georgians are true connoisseurs of this spice.
• Dry inflorescences - buds are placed in bottles with vinegar, vegetable oil, getting a new seasoning, and also put in marinades and pickles.
• The medicinal properties of the plant and the use in the perfumery and cosmetic industry are known.
• Gardeners use planting marigolds to repel unwanted pests by placing them near tomatoes, cabbage and other vegetables, trees and shrubs.

Well, who has not heard about Chernobrivtsy, beloved by our mothers and grandmothers - marigold flowers? They decorate flower beds, delight the eye in squares and parks, are frequent guests in the garden, palisade, and areas adjacent to shops. Marigolds are very famous for their varied bright colors, they have a pleasant specific smell that many insect garden pests do not like.

The scope of this plant is very wide: they are used to decorate decorative panels on the walls of the facades of houses, loggias, balconies, they also grow well in flower beds and flower beds. They look good when making a decorative landscape in the architectural design of the design of the plots.

How to grow marigolds?

How to plant marigolds for seedlings correctly photo

Marigolds are very picky in their care, it is not without reason that the glory of one of the most unpretentious flowers that are grown artificially has strengthened behind them. They can grow in any land. But they love bright places, waterlogging of the soil is undesirable. Watering is not frequent, which can be combined with fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, diluting fertilizers in water.

Often gardeners practice planting marigolds between beds or near a greenhouse.

• Having a specific smell, this plant repels harmful insects. Marigolds can grow in flower beds, special containers, flowerpots and even shallow pots decorating walls or loggias.

All varieties of flowers can be sown in open ground with seeds. To do this, it is best to purchase seeds in specialized outlets. With further breeding, there will be enough of those seeds that cause after seed maturation. But be sure to consider: if you use the seeds of the same plants for several years, they may lose the properties of the original variety, and will not look like the variety that you purchased.

There are two ways to sow and grow:

• pre-grown seedlings;
• sowing seeds directly into the ground;

The choice of growing method may depend on growing factors: what time the flowers are needed, the duration of flowering, the required amount, weather conditions and growing conditions.

When to plant marigolds in open ground? Remember: night temperatures should not fall below 5 degrees. Usually it is the end of April in regions with a mild climate. You can plant seedlings in open ground until the end of May-beginning of June.

How to plant marigold seeds in open ground

Planting marigolds Marigolds growing from seeds when to plant

When to plant marigolds in the ground with seeds? It all depends on the climate, the main thing is that at night there are no more frosts and the soil is ripe. Keep in mind that the seeds of Chernobrivtsy are not afraid of frost, and can even overwinter or endure sowing before winter. They just won't come up until the ground warms up. Still often worries many how many marigolds sprout. If the weather is warm, you have to wait two to three weeks before the first shoots appear.

We sow like this:

1. The embedment depth is small, you can make grooves with a chopper or small holes, up to 5 cm deep.
2. They strive to make the distance no closer than 10-15 cm between plants. But you can also sow with a continuous tape, and then transplant extra plants.
3. We cover the seeds with earth using a rake.
4. Watering.

On this, all the wisdom is over. However, you can slightly speed up flowering and improve the conditions of detention, more on that below.

When sowing marigold seeds in open ground, consider the conditions that are necessary for the growth of young plants. Namely: the site should be well lit, they certainly tolerate the shadow, but still do not like it, reacting with a decrease in the abundance of flowering and stretching of the bushes, which causes their decorativeness to suffer.

To get marigolds without seedlings ...

• In the garden, they often strive to prepare a fertile, well-fertilized soil mixture with mineral and organic fertilizers, but this is not an urgent need: the flowers are so unpretentious that they can grow on the poorest soils, it is enough just to provide them with the necessary amount of moisture.
• They respond very well to watering, but drying out of the soil is fraught with trouble: the lower leaves dry up, and the bushes themselves stop growing, flowering is poor, inconspicuous.
• Flowers will bloom only one and a half to two months after sowing, this should be taken into account. Early sowing (mid-April) and germinating the seeds before planting will help to slightly reduce the time before the buds open and increase the flowering time. It is this method that experienced flower growers use.

To do this, it is enough to place the seeds in a shallow plate, cover with damp gauze folded in several layers, place in a plastic bag or wrap with a transparent film. After completing these procedures, put the plate in a warm sunny place: one suitable place is a windowsill.

After two or three days, the seeds can be sown, having previously examined them for germination, healthy seeds should be swollen and with a slightly cracked peel. You can lightly dry the seeds in the sun for two or three hours until flowability, or do not wait, but mix with dry sand and sow with it.

Before planting, it is necessary to moisten the soil, make holes or grooves 4-5 cm deep. It is best to sow the seeds in a square-nest way, that is, the distance between the seeds should be 15-20 cm square. After the seeds have germinated, thinning should be done, leaving the healthiest seedlings.

For those who don't like extra action...

• it is quite possible to limit oneself to simple sowing of seeds in rows without any preparation and soaking. Chernobryvtsy will rise anyway and will develop beautifully. Just a week or two later. But still do not be lazy to water, no flowers grow without moisture!

How to grow marigold seedlings from seeds at home

Planting marigolds for seedlings When to plant marigolds

When to plant marigolds for seedlings? To get flowering plants as early as June, it is necessary to prepare seedlings in advance, which will be planted immediately after the end of night frosts. Sowing dates begin from the end of February and shift until the end of March-mid-April.

You can prepare a nutritious soil mixture in the fall. Peat, turf land, humus and sand are mixed. Sand can be used river sand, but before adding it to the soil mixture, it is advisable to ignite it in the oven or treat it with potassium permanganate.

However, you can not bother yourself and just buy a ready-made flower substrate in which you can grow beautiful seedlings with strong trunks and spreading leaves.

How to grow seedlings of Chernobrivtsev on the windowsill:

How to plant marigold seeds for seedlings photo

• Needle seeds are easy to distribute evenly in the planting container, it is better to leave a distance of 3-4 cm so that the plants turn out powerful. Embedding depth 1 cm, two can be.
• You can immediately plant the seeds in separate cups, which will further simplify the task of transplanting to a permanent place. Marigolds get sick longer when the roots are damaged than the same asters, so it’s better not to disturb them once again. However, even withered bushes are accepted over time and take root perfectly.
• For quick germination, you can cover with a film or glass, creating a greenhouse effect. Marigolds take a long time to sprout, so be patient.
• When we see the first shoots, we open the greenhouse.
• You need to water regularly, but do not be zealous so that rot does not develop and the seedlings do not die. A simple wet state of the soil is enough.
• Do not overheat the air in the room where the seedlings grow. The temperature must be less than 25°C.
• If you notice that the seedlings are stretched out and have a pale color, it means that there is not enough light for them. You need to choose the sunny side of the apartment or organize additional lighting.
• If you really want to try, water the seedlings 1-2 times with a solution of complex fertilizer for flowers, with an interval of 10 days.
• Before planting for a couple of weeks, we begin to harden the seedlings, accustoming them to the sun, wind and coolness. Take it out to the balcony, loggia, threshold of the house. We gradually increase the time spent on the street, so that by the time of planting the plants are completely accustomed to the street.

At a height of 10-15 cm, marigold seedlings are ready for transplanting into open ground.

How to sow marigolds for seedlings video:

As you can see, everything is simple: the seeds are large enough, which allows you to plant them one by one in cups without any hassle and just water them until the time comes to transplant the seedlings to a permanent place.

Here's another interesting way: sowing marigolds in a snail on paper, the video will tell about this:

Well, probably even the laziest florist will find an acceptable way for himself and grow Chernobrivtsy for his flower bed!

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

How to plant marigolds in open ground

It's very simple:

• We prepare shallow holes so that a clod of earth fits completely into them.
• You can pre-pour water and put a handful of humus on the bottom.
• Carefully release the seedlings from the cups, install vertically, sprinkling with soil.
• We water so that the soil subsides, but the water does not stagnate.
• You can immediately mulch the surface with what is at hand. It can be last year's leaves, fresh grass, hay or needles from the forest.
• The distance between the holes depends on the selected variety. For undersized varieties, 10-15 cm is enough; for medium and tall varieties, leave more space, about 30-40 cm.

Chaotic landings look original, creating an unpretentious naturalness. We are all used to rows for a long time, they look boring and familiar. Create a composition, for example, by planting petunias in the foreground, and black-breasts in the background.

Another video on how to grow marigold seedlings, plant them in the ground and care for flowers:

Luxurious flower bed that does not require special care? Now you see that with marigolds it's easy!

Outdoor care

Marigold flowers planting and care in the open field photo

Plants are not demanding to care and do not require special costs and efforts. However, perhaps, like all cultivated plants, watering and weeding from weeds and tillage in the form of loosening are required.

How to water

Watering is necessary in moderation, but you can’t do without it, otherwise your flower bed will be covered with dried brooms, only the tops of which will keep a fresh look. Especially if it's a hot summer. Do not rely only on rains, water at least once every three days, remembering to loosen the ground after watering to conserve moisture. Simultaneously with watering, top dressing can be carried out by diluting mineral and organic fertilizers in water.

In summer, when the weather is hot, to prevent the formation of a crust on the ground, watering is best done in the morning or evening after sunset. If watering is done during the day, then it is necessary to loosen the top layer of the earth.

Foliar and root top dressing

If the land is prepared correctly before planting, then the marigolds do not need additional feeding. If the plant shows that the development is rather weak, you can fertilize with complex fertilizers on the leaves.

It must be remembered that an overdose of fertilizers adversely affects plant growth. Mineral fertilizers are applied for the first time during the period of intensive plant growth, the second time when the first buds appear, and the third time before flowering.

Formation of bushes

It's very rare for anyone to bother with this. However, if you have time, you can give the marigolds a beautiful shape. Trim some extra branches from the main stem. This procedure will significantly improve the nutrition of the remaining buds. The optimal pruning time is summer, when you can already see how the buds are blooming. Buds with signs of any disease, small or withered, are also cut off. After the formation of the bush, the appearance of new additional branches of the stem stops.

Seed collection

For planting next year, it is enough to use seeds that can be collected from flowers grown on the site. To do this, just choose a bright and healthy bush, let it fully mature, then cut the buds and dry them. After that, the seeds will easily separate, you can store them in a paper bag. When using this method, it must be borne in mind that this will not affect the health of the plant itself, but you can get a different color of the baskets, different from the mother.

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Marigolds are unpretentious, but beautiful flowers that add splendor and elegance to any flower garden. They can be found everywhere: in city flower beds, at home in flowerpots, in garden plots. Planting marigolds for seedlings is not difficult even for beginners. They perfectly tolerate the lack of regular watering and top dressing. Plus transplant plants possible at any stage of growth.

When to plant marigolds for seedlings: sowing dates

Marigolds are one of the most popular flowers among gardeners. And this is not surprising. Growing marigolds in the garden has many advantages:

• They do not require special care , grow quickly and withstand irregular watering;
• There are over 60 varieties of these plants;
• The plant grows better if it is planted with seedlings, which, by the way, you can simply buy at a flower shop;
• Seeds, even the most outlandish, are very inexpensive, so you can experiment in a flower bed;
• Great for cultivation both at home and on the street;
• Flowers have a bright saturated shade and a specific aroma that repels harmful insects. We recommend reading the article.

As already mentioned, it is better to plant these flowers in open ground seedlings. It can be purchased at a flower shop, but it’s worth considering right away that ready-made seedlings are much more expensive than a bag of seeds. And the process of breeding them is not at all complicated.

To choose the right time for planting seeds, you need to know that the period from germination to flowering in marigolds is about 1.5 months. In different regions, the time of sowing seeds will differ depending on the weather conditions. And just the time flowering will help to calculate it correctly. Marigolds tolerate transplanting well at any stage of growth. So even a novice gardener can cope with this task.

The selected variety also affects the time of planting seedlings:

• African erect grow compact or spreading. The bush has a well-defined main trunk. Flowers can reach a diameter of 12-13 cm. And the plants themselves can grow up to 1 m or more in height. They begin to bloom in late June early July.

• French rejected. It is an annual plant with a straight stem and medium-sized flowers. Its leaves are long and pointed. Blossom begins in the second half of July.

• Mexican or thin-leaved marigolds. The plant forms small bushes no more than 50-60 cm high. The leaves are small, but thick. Flowers of bright yellow or orange shades of the thyroid form.

• anise flavor. Marigolds of this varieties have the taste and aroma of tarragon, but more pleasant. They are drought tolerant and love warmth. Bloom all summer.

Sowing calendar for marigolds for seedlings

Landing time marigold seedlings in different regions of the country will differ depending on weather and climatic conditions. The main criterion is sufficient illumination. So the seedlings will not stretch, but will grow strong and healthy.

In central Russia, the right time is mid-April. At this time, sunlight enters in sufficient quantities. Seedlings will grow strong and strong. It will be possible to plant in open ground at the end of May or the beginning of June, when there will definitely not be repeated frost . Weather conditions should become stable. Plants will have time to get stronger and begin to give the first buds.

In other regions, the schedule may shift a little later or earlier. Calendar landings can be as follows:

• In the southern regions, for example, the Kuban, sow in early April;
• In the northern regions, it is better to plant seeds at the end of May, when there will be a lot of light;
• In the Urals - in the first decade of June;
• In Siberia - in the first couple of weeks of June.

We must not forget about the time of the beginning of flowering of each variety. Therefore, first carefully read the instructions on the package with seeds, which will indicate the period from germination to flowering.

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Although you should not worry about shifting the schedule by a couple of weeks, as the marigolds sprout well. They will only bloom a little later or earlier.

How to plant marigolds for seedlings

Marigolds are one of the hardiest plants in the garden. Therefore, it is not required to prepare special conditions for sowing seeds. If you don't know what plant in the field , you can start with these colors.

The soil

Land for seedlings should be loose and fertile. The main thing is that it has a neutral acidity. You can buy a special mixture directly in the store. But you can make the soil for seedlings yourself. To do this, take in equal proportions:

• garden or purchased land;
• compost;
• sand;
• peat;
• coconut fiber;
• wood ash.

Ensure good drainage to prevent blackleg development. To do this, put expanded clay or small gravel on the bottom of the pot or container.

To disinfect the soil mixture, spill it with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. You can also ignite the earth at a high temperature.

Landing technology

Any containers are suitable for planting seedlings of marigolds: boxes, containers, peat cassettes, separate plastic cups. It is more important to plant correctly seeds and care for seedlings.

So that the seedlings do not shade each other and do not rot, plant seeds with a distance of 2-3 cm. Deepen them by 0.5-1 cm no more. Lay the seeds better horizontally. Plant marigolds in rows. Make the distance between them 4-5 cm. To make it more convenient, make rows in the soil and sow seeds in them.

Be sure to thoroughly moisten the soil before sowing. It is also important to prepare the planting material itself. To do this, soak the seeds in water or a growth accelerator. Seeds can be washed in potassium permanganate to disinfect from diseases or fungi. Fungicides work well.

Care before sprouts appear

Marigolds are easy to care for. Do not water them too much, it is enough to moisten the soil before planting the seeds. But if the earth is dry, then it is better to spray it with a spray bottle, and not water it from a watering can.

Cover containers or pots with glass or cling film on top to prevent moisture from evaporating too quickly. But this is not necessary, since marigolds at any stage of growth are resistant to drought. Before germination, place them in a warm and dark place at a temperature of 21-23 degrees.

When the first shoots appear after 5-7 days, remove the film or glass and place in a bright place at a temperature of 18-20 degrees. If natural light is not enough, use special UV lamps. Then the seedlings will not stretch, weaken and hurt.

Seedling picking

Start diving seedlings of marigolds if they shade each other. You can transplant them when a few real (carved) leaves appear.

Plant dived marigolds in separate pots or cassettes. Deepen them to the cotyledons, this will reduce the elongated stem and make the root system more powerful. Roots will appear on the buried section of the stem.

Prepare the soil the same as for seedlings. Plants should not feel the difference. After diving, marigolds accelerate growth. Within a couple of weeks, their root system develops strongly, completely braiding the entire earth in a cup. Therefore, they can soon be planted in open ground.

Seedling without picking

Picking marigold seedlings can be avoided if the seeds are initially planted in separate cups or peat tablets. It is better to choose the latter in a shell so that they do not crumble. So, the plants will feel comfortable. They will form a strong stem and a developed root system.

In order for the transplantation to be as painless as possible, the seedlings need to be hardened. Marigolds are one of the most hardy and unpretentious flowers. But hardening is necessary so that they hurt less and begin to bloom faster and fluff up in a new place. To do this, after the appearance of true leaves, take the seedlings to fresh air and direct sunlight for 10-15 minutes every day. Gradually increase the time to 40-50 minutes.

Marigolds love warmth, but they do not like waterlogging. So water them sparingly. Do this a couple of times a week. best time for glaze - evening. But don't worry about missing out once. This will protect the flowers from the appearance of diseases and fungi.

If you do not observe the temperature regime and water it too often, then a black leg, gray rot may begin to develop. If signs of disease appear, immediately destroy the affected plants, increase the temperature and stop watering for several days.

How to feed marigold seedlings

The same goes for feeding. Don't be zealous with this. Apply fertilizer 2-3 weeks after germination, picking and transplanting.

Feed marigolds:

• Universal multicomponent fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Agricola-7 works well. Use the product strictly according to the instructions.
• Feed already strengthened and grown flowers with a height of more than 10 cm with a solution of urea, potassium sulfate, superphosphate.
• As a natural fertilizer, use an infusion of chopped nettle. The product should ferment a couple of days in the sun. You can water with fertilizer not only marigolds, but also other plants. Pour with a solution in a ratio of 1: 5 infusion and water. For each plant, use 450-500 ml.
• Wood ash works well. It is introduced even during planting, as well as transplanting plants. For each bush, use half a glass.

Transplanting seedlings of marigolds to a permanent place in the garden is necessary only after the finally established warm weather. Arrange them by variety so that they do not obscure each other. The taller varieties of marigolds, the greater the distance between the bushes up to 30-40 cm. Undersized can be planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other.

When planting plants in a new place, observe the following rules:

• Choose a sunny, well-lit location. In the shade and with constant drafts, plants do not bloom well.
• Loosen the ground around the bushes a couple of times a week, as marigold roots love to breathe. This stimulates flowering and active growth of flowers.
• As soon as the bud has faded, remove it, as the ripening seeds will draw nutrition and strength to themselves.
• Trim marigolds periodically to encourage continued flowering until mid-autumn.
• Make timely top dressing after transplantation, during the ovary of buds and flowering.

In general, marigolds are not only beautiful flowers. They are the orderlies of the garden, as they protect it from nematodes and bears.

Conclusion

Marigolds are beautiful and easy to grow flowers. They decorate flower beds until mid-autumn. Plus, plants protect pest control garden. Planting marigolds for seedlings is an easy process. The main thing is to prepare the soil and planting material, periodically water it. Even with minimal care, you will get beautiful plants.

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Varieties of marigolds differ in the size of an adult plant, and in the size of the flowers, and in the color of the petals. The richness of shades (from red-brown to lemon yellow) allows you to choose the perfect option for decorating each site. Delighting passers-by, live flower decoration is grown very simply.

Features of marigold seeds

First, let's find out what marigold seeds look like. These are oblong dark, with a white tip, "sticks" that remain in the center of the inflorescence after the petals have dried. Germination of marigold seeds is high, and lasts up to 3-4 years. Thanks to this, flowers successfully propagate by self-sowing.

African varieties germinate more slowly than French ones, but hybrids cannot be propagated by seeds. They either will not sprout at all, or will not show parental properties in new plants.

Sowing dates for marigolds

Marigold seedlings can be purchased ready-made, but most people prefer to grow them on their own: firstly, it is cheaper, and secondly, this way you will be sure of the quality of the planting material. Sowing and growing marigolds from seeds at home is not difficult and is within the power of any summer resident.

When is the best time to sow marigolds

• Starting from March , marigolds are sown on seedlings in cassettes, pots or boxes. Further, seedlings of these flowers are usually grown on the windowsill.
• In the beginning of May you can sow marigolds in a film-protected greenhouse.
• If you want to do without future transplants, then you can plant marigolds in the ground with seeds at the end of May. By this time, the risk of a return of frost has already passed, and you can sow flowers directly in the garden or flower bed.

ON THE PICTURE:March seedlings of marigolds will have time to fully grow stronger by the May landing on a flower bed.

Only a month and a half will pass from the moment of sowing, and you will see marigolds in all their glory blooming.

In the northern regions, where the continentality of the climate is high and frosts are possible even in May, it is better to use the seedling method of growing marigolds.

Dates for planting seedlings of marigolds

Seedlings of marigolds of different varieties may show their own specific requirements for the timing of planting and care in the early growing season. So undersized compact varieties marigold mimics sown towards the end of spring, so as not to risk overcooling young shoots.

ON THE PICTURE: Mimimix marigolds decorate a garden bed.

If you become a happy owner of seeds rejected marigolds (another variety of undersized), it is better to plan sowing in mid-spring or later. They are considered more resistant to cold and frost.

ON THE PICTURE: Rejected terry marigolds of the Carmen variety.

Many people like unusual mexican marigolds , they are also thin-leaved. The optimal time for their landing - end of April or beginning of May. The variety is heat-loving and develops well only with an abundance of sunlight.

ON THE PICTURE:Thin-leaved marigolds "Lemon Jewel".

How to properly collect seed

It often happens that suddenly somewhere there are beautifully flowering or some unusual color marigolds. How to collect the seeds of these flowers in order to plant them next season?

Wait for the flowering and drying of the inflorescences, when the seeds begin to separate from the calyx easily, without effort. They should be dry and crumbly. Spread them on a newspaper or napkin until completely dry, and then put them in an airtight container and put them in a cool place.

ON THE PICTURE:This is what marigold seeds look like.

Seed pretreatment

Before sowing, it is advisable to soak the marigold seeds in a solution of manganese for several hours.

Disinfection with potassium permanganate will greatly reduce the risk of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of flowers in the future.

You can germinate wet seeds on a saucer, covering it with glass or film, but this does not make much sense. Marigolds germinate well without prior germination.

Technology of sowing marigolds for seedlings

Soil preparation

Growing seedlings of marigolds requires the preparation of the substrate before sowing. The soil should be loose and fertile. Make up the soil mixture according to the following recipe:

• 2 parts of peat;
• part of the humus;
• 0.5 parts of sand.

The substrate is shed with a solution of one of the drugs: Vitaros, potassium permanganate. If there is none of the above, you can replace the treatment with steaming for an hour. This is necessary for the prevention of dangerous fungal diseases, including.

Growing marigolds from seeds in individual cups is the most convenient way for a gardener and gentle for plants. You can arrange your own drainage from shards or small pebbles in each cup.

Agrotechnics for sowing marigolds in boxes

1. The wet mixture is poured into a container, compacted and grooves are laid half a centimeter deep.
2. With tweezers or fingers, marigold seeds are laid out in grooves.
3. From above, the grooves are covered with the same substrate (layer thickness - approximately 1 cm).
4. Cover the box with a lid and put in a warm light place. After 5-7 days, the first shoots should appear.

It is important to prevent overheating and hypothermia of seedlings. Temperatures above 25°C and below 15°C are detrimental to seedlings.

Seedlings of marigolds in cassettes

The most convenient way to grow marigold seedlings for many flower growers is cassette.

As a substrate, the same mixture is used as when sowing in boxes. But it is enriched with additional fertilizers: tablespoon of mineral supplement(with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the composition) and half a glass of ash for every 5 l. substrate.

ON THE PICTURE: Seedlings of marigolds in a special cassette.

Fertilizers must be well mixed with the soil so that they are evenly distributed in it. The earth in the cassettes is lightly compacted, then a hole is prepared for each seedling, and the plants are buried 1 cm into the soil. After planting, the shoots are carefully watered. The soil settles a little after watering and you can add fresh substrate.

For "hardening", young plants can be taken out to fresh air in good weather and bright sun, which marigolds love so much. Growing flowers from seeds by seedlings will be more successful if you arrange such “walks” for them regularly.

Picking marigolds

Marigolds dive after the appearance of two true leaves in the sprouts. At this time, seedlings usually reach a height of 5 cm.

Planting is carried out to a depth that allows you to hide the entire lower part of the stem in the soil, up to oblong leaves. At the same time, they remain on the surface and do not sink underground (and do not even touch it).

Picking can be carried out both in open ground and in a seedling box. The transplant is very well tolerated by marigolds. They can be planted from cassettes in a flower bed, even flowering. The root system of these plants is unpretentious, it quickly recovers and adapts to new conditions.

ON THE PICTURE: Proper diving will strengthen the health of the seedlings.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

Now you know how to plant marigolds for seedlings. A few words about transplanting seedlings outdoors. Planting marigold seeds in the ground eliminates the hassle, but puts the plants at risk of frost. The seedling method will allow you to save each sprouted sprout.

For planting seedlings choose a cloudy day. Heat slows down adaptation and exposes disturbed plants to transplant shock.

Marigolds, who have grown stronger, have reached a height of 15 cm, are planted in a flower bed. Growing seedlings up to these indicators is carried out in boxes or cassettes.

ON THE PICTURE:Thanks to a strong root system, marigold seedlings easily take root in a new place.

Stages of planting flowers in a flower bed

1. The soil is dug up to a depth of at least 15 cm.
2. Garbage, stones and sticks are removed from the ground so that they do not interfere with the normal growth of the root system.
3. The holes are dug with a margin so that the entire root system of the seedlings fits freely there.
4. Sprinkle the roots with earth and gently tamp it down. Watered. Top up the earth if it has settled too much.
5. Mulch plantings.

Marigolds in a flower greenhouse

A flower greenhouse is a good option for growing marigolds. Such a greenhouse is usually built from boards and plastic wrap. With this sowing technique, you can do without picking young plants, which slows down their growth for the period of adaptation.

ON THE PICTURE: Marigolds in a flower greenhouse.

Marigolds transplanted from a greenhouse usually delight with flowering in a flower bed earlier than with a seedling method of growing.

How to sow marigolds in open ground

So, you have chosen a place to sow marigolds. Growing from seeds in the open field of these flowers has its own characteristics. Proper sowing will provide good conditions for the development of plants in the future.

For this purpose, wide holes are prepared. Hole depth is usually 5 cm, the distance between them depends on the variety of flowers that you have chosen for sowing. So, for compact varieties, a distance of 20-25 cm is sufficient. These include:

• "Spray Petit";
• "Disco Orange";
• "Dainty Marietta";
• "Honorary order".

Tall marigolds are usually separated by a distance of 30-40 cm. These are, for example, "High Yellow", "Silver Light", "Hawaii".

ON THE PICTURE: Marigold varieties "Hawaii".

Before sowing marigolds, the wells are well moistened, and the seeded seed is sprinkled on top with a centimeter layer of earth.

In the future, the sown seeds need careful care: moderate watering, moisture control: the soil should not dry out.

How long does it take for marigold seeds to germinate? The first pair of leaves appears quite soon: already at the end of the first week after planting. If you see that the sprouts have grown too close to each other and prevent the neighbors from developing, transplant the extra ones to another place.

Caring for plantings is nothing complicated: it is enough to regularly water them and weed the aisles. And bright inflorescences will delight the eyes of the owners and guests of the site for a long time.

Agrotechnics of marigolds is so simple that even a novice florist can handle it. Flowers are unpretentious, so you will almost always get the expected result. You can plant flowers by sowing seeds directly into the ground, or you can pre-grow them. What is the difference between these two methods and what are the advantages of each, we will explain further.

Growing marigolds through seedlings

One of the most reliable ways to decorate your garden with lush bushes is to grow seedlings. Then you can land them on the site in the planned quantity.

The best time to sow seeds for seedlings

Marigolds are not particularly demanding on environmental conditions, so the time for planting is selected mainly for the time when you need to get flowering bushes. You can sow them for seedlings even early.

Important! There are many varieties of marigolds, and many of them have different preparation times for flowering. So, upright marigolds require more time for, and small-leaved and undersized - less. Accordingly, there are different dates for planting marigolds. If the first ones are planted in mid-March, and the rest in early April, then by June they will give a friendly flowering.

The seedling method helps to get earlier flowering. Having planted the seeds in seedling boxes or separate pots, you will receive planting material in a month and a half, and flowering plants in a month after planting in open ground.

The composition of the soil mixture

The plant is undemanding and to, but it is still worthwhile to provide suitable soil for seedlings so that it grows strong and viable. To do this, prepare a mixture of equal parts of the turf, and, in addition, half of the sand is mixed into it.
It must be disinfected without fail with a solution of potassium permanganate or. After that, you can make any except for fresh manure. Then about three centimeters of drainage are poured into the seedling box: expanded clay, sand, crushed stone.

How to prepare and properly plant seeds

Seeds can be planted unprepared, but some flower growers still prefer to germinate them in advance. To do this, they are soaked in water at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then laid out in a flat saucer, covered with a damp cloth, wrapped with plastic wrap. The saucer is cleaned in a warm place.

Often, experienced flower growers practice planting marigolds with the help of germinated seeds. To do this, they need to be laid out on a plate and covered with a damp cloth, then wrapped in a plastic bag and placed in a warm place. They usually take three days to germinate.

Did you know? Today, science has confirmed the healing properties of marigolds, which were known to our ancestors. For example, they contain a lot of lutein, which is an excellent prophylactic against cataracts. Folk healers treated inflammation of the pancreas, diabetes mellitus with marigolds. Tincture treats colds, bronchitis, asthma, stomatitis, purifies the blood.

There are two ways to plant seeds. The most common is sowing in pre-harvested grooves. They are made at a distance of 1.5 - 2 cm from each other and the seeds are poured out. If they have not been previously germinated, it is convenient to take a sheet of paper folded in half, place the seeds on it and pour it out through the fold formed.
If planting is carried out with germinated seeds, it is better to use pots with a diameter of no more than 4 cm. One or two grains are placed in them. It can also be planted in boxes, maintaining a distance between the sowing material of 2 x 2 cm. The seeds are sprinkled with soil and the planting site is sprayed with a spray bottle.

Conditions for seed germination

In order for the seeds to germinate, the box with the planting material planted in it must be put in a lighted place. The ambient temperature should be 22 - 25°C. Then the first shoots will appear in five days. When they appear, the air temperature can be reduced to 18 - 20 ° C.

Marigold seedling care

So, after the appearance of the first sprouts, the seedling boxes are removed to a cooler, but no less lit place. Then the question arises: is it necessary to dive marigolds. Many flower growers recommend carrying out this procedure after a couple of true leaves appear on the sprouts. Then it must be planted at a distance of 7x7 cm. This will provide better lighting, and therefore the sprouts will not stretch too much.

Important! Marigolds without consequences endure not only a dive, but also a transplant. Moreover, they can be transplanted even during flowering.

Seedling care is not difficult. It should be regularly watered with settled water, maintained at a temperature of about 20 ° C and periodically ventilated.
While the sprouts are small and fragile, it is advisable to water with a spray bottle so that the water does not wash away the soil near the roots.
Two weeks after the dive, marigolds can be planted in the country in open ground.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

Marigolds easily tolerate transplants, but still this process requires certain rules to be observed.

When seedlings are planted

It is desirable to plant flowers in a permanent place at the end, when the threat of frost on the ground has passed. Still, this is a plant that came from warm lands, so it experiences frosts badly. Make sure that each planted seedling has at least three leaves and a strong root system.

Important! Most of the marigold varieties that are used in gardens today are. This means that if such marigolds are propagated by seeds, they can be very different from the mother plant. But not for the worse. Sometimes you can get amazingly beautiful specimens.

Selecting a landing site

When choosing where to plant marigold seedlings, stop in a well-lit area. They can grow both in partial shade and in the shade, but there the marigolds will not be so lush and bright.

Likewise with the soil. It can be any, but on neutral loams with a good level of fertility, they will be thick and give abundant flowering. In the first half of summer, the soil must be well watered, and if it is infertile, then during the summer it must be fertilized two or three times.

How to plant seedlings of marigolds on the site

Having taken up the cultivation of marigolds, it is important to know not only how to grow seedlings, but also how to properly plant them in open ground. The scheme for planting marigolds depends on which varieties are planted in the garden. So, low-growing varieties are planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other, medium-sized ones - 30 cm, and high ones according to the scheme 40 x 40 cm.

Plant one plant per hole. As a rule, after a dive, the seedlings quickly grow stronger and form a powerful root system. Therefore, when planted in open ground, the plant takes root quickly. It is only important to water the seedlings well and continue abundant watering until they get stronger. In general, marigolds also withstand drought, but the bushes grow low, sparse, feeble, releasing small inflorescences.

Growing marigolds from seeds in open ground

Sowing marigolds in open ground should be carried out only with fresh seeds. They remain viable for up to two years, but fresh ones have a high germination rate. Pre-germinated seeds give good sowing density. To do this, they are soaked in water at room temperature for a couple of days. But dry sowing is also allowed.

Did you know? In South America, the local population has used marigolds as a spice since ancient times. In the Caucasus, they are added to pastries, marinades, used to make sauces, soups, main courses. They even received the second name "Imereti saffron". In France, they are grown on an industrial scale for the purpose of using them in cooking.

When to sow seeds in the ground

Marigolds, when grown from seeds in open ground, are sown in May, when there is confidence that there will be no more frosts on the ground. In the northern regions, after sowing, it is recommended to cover the place for two weeks with non-woven material to protect crops from frost. The first shoots should appear in a couple of weeks.

Preparation and planting of marigold seeds in the ground

Flower growers who know everything about marigolds recommend sowing germinated seeds. How to do this, we talked above when we talked about preparing seeds for sowing for seedlings. If it is decided to sow them dry in open ground, grooves are made about 5 cm deep in the selected area. The trench is moistened with water and seeds are poured into it at a distance of 5 cm from each other. Then the furrow is sprinkled with soil or peat and watered again.

Seedling Care

Germination rate depends on environmental conditions. In warm regions, flowers will germinate faster than in cold ones. But in any case, when 2-3 true leaves are formed on the sprouts, the seedlings must be thinned out or it is possible to swoop down the extra sprouts. Between plants there should be a distance of about 20 cm, and if we are talking about tall plants, then all 40 cm.
Seedlings should be watered regularly, preventing the soil from drying out. While the sprouts are weak, they require regular weeding.

How to care for marigolds in the process of growing

Now we should dwell in more detail on how to care for marigolds growing on the garden.

How to water

Caring for marigolds involves regular watering. However, it is important that the moisture in the soil does not stagnate, otherwise the plants begin to rot due to the lack of air access to the roots. Before flowering, watering is recommended to be somewhat reduced - excess moisture leads to rotting of the inflorescences. If, nevertheless, this happened, the damaged baskets must be immediately cut off and destroyed outside the site.

Weeding and loosening row spacings

A flower bed with marigolds should be loosened regularly, as the roots of these flowers love air. During loosening, be sure to weed, especially when the sprouts are young and fragile. Over time, they themselves will drown out some, but loosening the soil must be carried out constantly.

How to feed

As already mentioned, marigolds are not demanding on the soil and do not require special dressings. However, additional nutrients have a positive effect on their growth and appearance. If the flowers are planted on sandy or poor soil, fertilizing is more relevant.
The first dressing can be carried out when the flowers reach 10 cm in height, the second - when the buds are forming, and the third right before flowering. For this, complex fertilizers are used. You can add dried or beveled, rotted weed and other organic matter except fresh manure.

Pruning inflorescences

Few people know, but in order for marigolds to bloom better and thicker, faded inflorescences should be removed. You can also periodically prune bushes, especially tall varieties. This will help form lush bushes.

The combination of marigolds with other plants

Marigolds are actively used when planting carpet flower beds. In this case, they look great in company with, and similar plants. Chernobrivtsy save a young garden, where there are still many areas that are not planted with plants. They are planted on the site of faded bulbs or places where other plants wintered.

These flowers look great in flowerbeds and flower beds, where there are not enough bright and catchy flowers. These can be places for planting conifers with a gray or blue color, purple or bright blue asters.
Played in the flower beds and various varieties of marigolds. So, for example, in the middle of a flower garden with a venidium, large-flowered Chernobrivtsy are planted. If the flower garden is formed from medium-sized plants (,), varieties of medium height are used, respectively. Undersized marigolds are planted along the edge of the flower beds, along with, for framing.

Collection and storage of marigold seeds

Usually decorative varieties of marigolds are annual plants, respectively, in the fall, the bushes are removed from the beds. But if you want to get the same flowers next year, you need to collect seeds from them.

Did you know? Do not rush to throw away marigold bushes after uprooting. If you add them to the compost pit, you will keep midges away from it. One bucket of wilted Chernobrivtsy is enough to get rid of the annoying ones.

Marigolds have two types of inflorescences: female and bisexual. In the first, the petals are located on the periphery, these are the so-called velvet flowers. In the second, they are located around the center of the flower. It is the bisexuals that produce more seeds, since they are self-pollinated. But terry and velvety is transmitted only through female inflorescences. Therefore, for ornamental flowers, it is desirable to collect seeds from female flowers.

From the moment the flower blooms to the formation of full-fledged seeds, at least 40 days pass. You can remove them when the inflorescences turn yellow and completely dry, and the stems turn brown. After carefully cutting off the inflorescence, the seeds are poured into a cardboard box or paper bag so that they do not deteriorate during storage.

Important! Seeds can fully ripen only in sunny weather. It is also recommended to collect them only in dry and warm times.

If the summer is damp or wet days are prolonged, it is not recommended to leave the seeds to ripen in such conditions, otherwise they will become damp and rot. To prevent this from happening, in the next sunny hours, the inflorescences are cut off along with the stems, tied in bunches and hung to dry in a dry and ventilated place.
The bundles are placed heads down, and paper is spread under them. As the seeds dry, they will crumble onto a paper sheet, from which they can then be easily collected. They will not differ in any way from those that were collected in the usual way.

How to store marigold seeds? They are folded into a paper bag and kept in a dry, dark place. On average, seeds remain viable for up to two years, but sometimes they can germinate after four years.

Resistance of marigolds to diseases and pests

Marigolds are known for their resistance to fungal diseases. Specific volatile substances, which give them a special aroma, protect the flower from harmful fungi. Moreover, the plant is able to protect other plants from them, so marigolds are often planted for prevention next to crops that are prone to such diseases,
Sometimes in wet summers, gray rot may appear on the leaves and stems of the plant. Then the affected bushes must be removed and destroyed outside the site. In conditions of high humidity, marigold bushes can attack and growing marigolds in your garden is simple and always profitable. In 99% of cases, your efforts and costs will be fully justified, as these are unpretentious and very showy flowers. Bright flowering and an unusual shape of flowers, they will enliven any corner of the garden. Depending on the variety, you can choose tall, medium or short plants. They are not very susceptible to diseases, and in addition they serve as an excellent prevention against diseases for other plants.

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