Unorganized drain from a soft roof. Defective statement for the overhaul of the roof with an organized internal drain. with organized internal drainage
Warning: Use of undefined constant callback_thumbing_img - assumed "callback_thumbing_img" (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /var/www/krovgid/data/www/website/wp-content/themes/krovgid/kama_thumbnail.php on line 337
Without a competent organization of the gutter system, a flat roof will quickly require unscheduled repairs. Stagnation of rain and melt water on the surface will gradually wash away the protective outer layer of the coating. As a result, the bare base will begin to rapidly collapse from the zealously attacking sun rays. When frozen, water crystals will easily break the material.
A properly constructed flat roof drain can prevent and prevent negative impacts. The rules and principles for arranging such an important drainage system should be carefully studied by the owner, who cares about the efficient and long service life of suburban property.
The purpose of the construction of a flat roof drainage system is to fully organize the drainage of rain and melt water from a surface that is sensitive to their action. It must operate effectively all year round without the formation of dusty blockages, ice and leaf plugs.
Regardless of the thermometer readings and the amount of precipitation, the drain must accept and promptly convey the liquid substance to the sewer, to a rainwater collection tank or simply to the ground.
Classification of rainfall systems
In order for water to be transported without interference and obstacles, you should know exactly what type of system to choose for arranging country property:
- outdoor disorganized. Assuming spontaneous runoff of atmospheric water. They are used for arranging small outbuildings with a height of no more than two floors.
- outdoor organized. Assuming the collection of water using gutters or gutters, coupled with funnels, with subsequent transfer to the drainpipe. The system is laid along the cornice overhangs and the outer side of the load-bearing walls. It is used in the arrangement of residential and non-residential buildings, mostly low-rise, but the scheme is acceptable for organizing runoff from the roofs of houses up to five floors high.
- Interior. According to this, water intake is carried out by gutter funnels designed specifically for flat roofs, mounted in the roofing system. Water is drained through risers located inside the treated building.
Outdoor gutter systems work great in the southern regions, where the water in the pipes rarely freezes or does not freeze at all during the entire cold period. For areas of the domestic temperate climatic zone, external drains are recommended exclusively for attic structures.
On roofs without an attic, the snow will melt almost without interruption all winter, because the ceiling is constantly heated by the heat coming from inside. Getting into cold pipelines, melt water will form ice jams.
If a flat roof has an attic, then the snowmelt process can be regulated. By opening the dormer windows, the temperature on the roof can be significantly reduced, due to which the snow will melt much more slowly or completely stop.
In the northern regions, there is a threat of rupture of the coating during a sharp cold snap. A plug may form in the pipes, preventing the flow of water remaining on the roof. The crystallizing liquid significantly increases in volume, which leads to damage to the roof that has absorbed it. Therefore, in the northern and temperate domestic latitudes, only non-residential ones are equipped with external drains, i.e. unheated buildings and buildings with a projected low temperature.
Cold storage facilities, for example, are equipped with a remote reinforced concrete slab with a side and a drain riser. The impressive area of \u200b\u200bsuch a structure helps to equalize the temperatures of the system and the environment, so that ice plugs do not form.
Residential houses with flat roofs, built in the regions of the northern and temperate zones, are equipped with internal-type drains. The construction is more expensive, but works flawlessly all year round. The risers located inside the buildings are constantly heated by internal heat, which prevents the occurrence of ice jams in the pipelines. In the southern latitudes, drains of the outer variety are in the lead.
Structural components of gutters
In the device of gutters of external and internal type there is a lot in common. Each system built for flat roofs includes elements similar in purpose and design, these are:
- Drainage funnels and gutters designed to receive wastewater and transfer them to the drainpipe.
- Risers, providing at the points of reception the maximum speed of the water flow due to the forces of gravity.
- Drainpipes required for the removal of atmospheric precipitation to the unloading facilities.
The main guideline for designing a drainage system is the minimum length of the main line from the points of water intake to the points of discharge of the system. The shortest and cheapest outdoor option includes a riser with a funnel or gutter at the top and a short outlet at the bottom.
The outlet is located at a slight angle at a distance of 20 - 45 cm from the surface above the storm sewer or simply above the blind area protected from erosion. However, insurmountable circumstances often interfere with equipping a house with a drain of such a scheme: lack of a drainage system, weak soils, an old foundation, the proximity of which is undesirable to water.
If it is impossible to lay the smallest highway, they look for other ways to drain water: a ground or underground pipeline leading to the most convenient place of unloading is diverted from the riser.
The pipeline scheme is unconditionally used in the construction of flat roofs with an internal drain, because the system is definitely obliged to transport water outside the building.
The specifics of the slope formation
To stimulate an independent flow of water in the required direction, slopes of 1-2% are formed on flat roofs:
- To organize an external type of drain, the entire plane must be inclined towards the installation site of the gutter. Most often this is the back wall of the building.
- To organize the flow of water according to the internal scheme, a slope is created to the installation site of the water intake funnel. It is formed according to the envelope principle so that around each water intake point there is a decrease in a radius of 50 cm.
Inlet funnels of internal drainage systems can be installed not only in the central area of the roof, but also near the outer wall, at a distance of at least 60 cm from it. Therefore, the envelope scheme of the tilt device has quite a lot of different options.
In any case, the inclined plane should be directed towards the water intake. And if several funnels are installed on the roof, a kind of “watershed” should be created between them - a miniature likeness of a mountain range, the slopes of which direct the flow of water in the direction of the nearest funnel.
To solve the problem of forming slopes, there are several proven methods in practice:
- Tilt device during construction by setting the ceiling at the required angle.
- Backfilling of expanded clay in the form of a wedge-shaped layer, followed by pouring a cement-sand screed.
- Organization of the slope by laying wedge-shaped plates of mineral wool insulation.
The slope of large-sized planes is carried out using special, angle-forming metal structures. They are rarely used in private construction.
Rules for the construction of an internal drain
As it should be for any facility under construction, the drainage system of a private house must be calculated and designed in advance. It is necessary to choose in advance the shortest possible route for laying the pipeline and provide for the most convenient place for connecting it to the storm sewer.
The organization of internal drains is subject to a variety of. They are arranged on roofs with and without attics, operated and non-operated category. Taking into account the planning specifics of the house, an independent designer needs to take into account that:
- Gutter risers are usually located in the area of stairwells near walls, columns, partitions. Preferably near living quarters for spontaneous heating during cold periods of the year. Embedding risers into walls is strictly prohibited. Can be installed in gates, shafts, boxes. It is recommended to place them in closets or similar auxiliary compartments.
- When organizing a drainage system for an unheated building, it is necessary to provide for methods of artificial heating of funnels and risers. To increase the temperature of the external elements of a flat roof, install an electric heating cable or mount risers next to the steam heating.
- A flat roof with an attic is best equipped with piping that runs within the attic space. It is carried out in the form of a suspended network. To ensure the flow, the horizontal sections of the pipes of the suspension system are installed at an inclination of 0.005. Those. for each linear meter of the pipe there should be a 5 mm drop in the direction of the spillway.
- When laying overhead pipelines, the drainage area in the attic area must be insulated.
- If the installation of a suspension system is not possible, an underground pipeline is laid. There are no regulations on the angle of inclination of underground branches. The main thing is to be connected to the storm sewer. True, the underground scheme is much more expensive, much more inconvenient in terms of control and repair work. In addition, its implementation may be hindered by a too powerful foundation.
- When designing, bends should be avoided whenever possible.
- A riser at a distance of about a meter from the surface of the earth should be equipped with a revision for cleaning.
In fact, a drain from a flat roof should be organized like a standard weir system: with manholes, revisions, etc. In the construction of a suspended drainpipe, ceramic, plastic, cast iron, asbestos-cement pipes are used that can withstand pressure in case of blockages.
For laying underground parts of the pipe from the same materials, but without requirements for hydrostatic conditions. Steel long pipes are used only at production facilities with characteristic manifestations of vibration.
According to technological requirements, one catchment funnel can receive atmospheric runoff from a roof with an area of up to 1200 m², the distance between adjacent water intakes must be at least 60 m. Agree, the indicated scale for low-rise construction is not very typical. In short, there should be at least one funnel on the roof of a small private house.
An increase in the number of water intakes will be required if:
- The roof area exceeds the limits specified by GOST.
- The house is divided into sections. Then each compartment should be equipped with its own funnel.
- Within the same roof structure, there are elements separated by parapets, expansion or expansion joints. Each sector of such a roof should have two water inlets.
Drainage funnels are produced for operated and non-operated flat roofs, for combined structures and systems with attic space. There are models used in the arrangement of concrete floors with bituminous coating and coated wooden counterparts. For all options used in construction, water inlets are made of cast iron, ceramics, galvanized steel, and polymers.
Water inlets are manufactured in a variety of sizes. The standard design consists of the funnel itself with wide sides and a removable cap with holes that provide water flow.
More complex representatives of the class of roof funnels are equipped in addition with an umbrella that protects the drain from clogging, a removable glass and a clamping ring designed to clamp the edges of the soft cover in the device. All models must be serviceable and cleanable.
Regardless of the model of the funnel and the purpose of the building, equal requirements are imposed on all water inlets:
- The bowls of the water collectors are rigidly attached to the coverings or load-bearing decks. For fixing, clamps are used in an amount of at least two pieces.
- After installation, the funnel must ensure the tightness of the roof at the installation site.
- The pipes of the funnels are connected to the risers with the help of compensators, which make it possible to maintain the tightness of the joints during shrinkage of building structures.
- Funnels are connected to suspension systems with shaped bends.
- The water intake bowl is installed below the level of the finishing roof to eliminate the possibility of stagnant water. Caps of water inlets on non-exploited roofs have a rounded shape in plan, they usually rise above the coating. Funnel caps for serviceable roofs are installed flush with the coating, they are most often square in plan, so that it is easier to lay tiles around the device.
To increase the sealing and reliability in the area of intersection of the funnel roof structure, the use of thermal insulation is allowed. Roofing systems of the usual type are equipped with single-level funnels.
And the roofs constructed with the help of mechanical fasteners are equipped with two-level water inlets that collect water over the waterproofing and over the vapor barrier.
It is customary to equip roof structures with a polymer membrane coating with water inlets with a polymer clamping flange, which is glued or welded to the roof.
The construction of external varieties of drains from a flat roof is carried out in the southern regions. Their installation in residential and office buildings is recommended in areas with low precipitation, the volume of which does not exceed 300 mm per year.
The class of external drainage systems for rain and melt water includes:
- Unorganized drains recommended for installation in dry areas. According to this scheme, water is discharged by gravity along the cornice overhangs.
- Organized drainage, recommended for equipping non-residential buildings in the northern and temperate latitudes, residential buildings in the southern regions with little rainfall. The principle of operation consists in the systematic collection of precipitation into an external drain funnel with guide edges adjacent to it or into a gutter, followed by drainage into a storm sewer or into the ground.
An ingenious solution for an outdoor type system was proposed by diligent craftsmen. The idea is to include a sand filter in the water supply network to purify rainwater, which is installed after the water intake.
Containers were installed to unload the drain and receive treated water. This means that the site for connecting the system to the sewer is abolished. An interesting scheme allows you to profitably solve two problems at once: to get water of drinking quality and to protect a flat roof from water stagnation.
An unorganized type of drainage system requires reinforcement of cornice overhangs. They must be upholstered with galvanized roofing steel, and then glued on top with two layers of rolled roofing. Additional layers are laid with an overlap.
Strengthening the overhang of a mastic flat roof is strengthened by analogy. Only instead of glued layers of bitumen or bitumen-polymer material, layers of mastic are applied, alternating them with reinforcing layers of fiberglass or geotextile. The main layer of reinforcement with reinforcement must overlap the edge of the metal upholstery of the eaves.
Fixing the external drain on the eaves of a flat roof is carried out according to the traditional scheme. On sale are a lot of ready-made kits with detailed instructions for assembling systems. First, brackets are attached to the frontal board, into which a chute assembled from plastic or metal modules simply fits.
In a place convenient for further transportation of water, a gutter funnel with a branch pipe is installed, to which the riser is connected. The pipe is fixed on the wall with brackets. The edges of the system are closed with plugs, and completed with the installation of a curly outlet.
Video instructions for installing gutters
The video will acquaint you with the principles of the device of internal drainage systems and the specifics of their installation on a flat roof in detail.
Assembly and installation of an external drainage system:
Flat roof slope device:
Installation of a water intake funnel for an internal drain
Information about the guidelines for choosing the optimal drainage system will help to competently equip the roof with reliable protection against the destructive action of water.
Knowing the technological principles of the device is useful for independent craftsmen and owners of suburban real estate who wish to turn to the services of third-party performers. A well-constructed drain will prevent damage to the coating and destruction of building materials, and will serve for a long time without creating problems.
A flat roof is not only an obligatory element of multi-storey buildings, but also a modern trend in the construction of private houses. The use of flat roofs has become especially popular in recent years. Houses made with this architecture feature look stylish, unusual, modern. The availability of the latest high-quality materials on the market allows you to create a reliable, durable roof that has a number of advantages.
Installation of a flat roof often involves the installation of an internal drain. Hidden engineering design allows not to "burden" the facades of the building with numerous drainpipes and at the same time save money on the purchase of materials. That is why at the design stage, it is necessary to consider the possibility of creating a hidden, internal drain, evaluate its advantages and disadvantages, and take into account the financial aspect.
Advantages and features of a flat roof
Many modern private sector developers prefer flat roofs. This is due to the fact that they allow you to build an original structure, from an architectural point of view, while creating a full-fledged residential upper floor, without attic space. A flat roof is characterized by an affordable cost against the background of excellent consumer qualities.
In Western countries, flat roofs are a priority option. First of all, this is due to the low annual amount of snowfall. In Russia, the technology has long been used in the construction of multi-storey buildings. In private buildings, the construction of a flat roof has become possible with the advent of the latest durable materials that are capable of absorbing significant loads.
The advantages of a flat roof are:
- a smaller coverage area requires fewer building materials and saves on installation;
- the device of the roof is simple and allows you to carry out the work yourself, without involving construction teams;
- it is much easier to work on a flat surface than on a pitched one;
- the construction of a flat roof is carried out in a short time;
- the horizontal surface makes it easy to maintain the roof.
The above advantages for many developers are the basis for choosing a flat roof. At the same time, the horizontal surface of the roof allows you to equip, if desired, an additional recreation area. So, there are examples when there is a green area on the roof with numerous flower beds and garden furniture or a playground with outdoor exercise equipment in the open air.
A flat roof must be equipped with a drain, which can be internal or external. The internal drain is represented by a more complex design, but at the same time it retains the ideal appearance of the facades of the building. The internal drain has a number of advantages and disadvantages that every developer who prefers a flat roof should be aware of.
Design features
A flat roof with an internal drain should be conditionally divided into sectors. So, one drain should serve an area of 150-200 m 2. When installing the roof to water inlets, a slope of 1-2 cm / m should be made. This necessary slope is made with a layer of concrete mixture, which is poured over the upper floor slab. On the concrete mixture that has hardened under the required slope, two layers of waterproofing material should be laid. Thermal insulation is laid on the waterproofing material - extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of over 15 cm. The top layer of the roof can be made of built-up waterproofing material with gravel, concrete or terracing slabs. You can see a detailed layout of the material layers during the installation of a flat roof in the photo below.
The internal drain is a rather complex engineering system, which consists of three main elements:
- a funnel located on the roof and a gutter for transferring wastewater to the drainpipe;
- a riser through which water flows from the roof into the drainage collector;
- directly the collector itself, located underground and a system of pipes leading to the central (storm) sewer.
In building codes, it is recommended to use pipes with a diameter of 100, 140 or 180 cm to create an internal drain. The choice of one or another size should be based on 1-1.5 cm 2 of the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe pipe per 1 m 2 of the roof area that the drain will serve . In this case, the length of the pipe links can be equal to 700 or 1380 cm.
At the stage of designing an internal drain, it is necessary to provide for the placement of its elements, along the entire height within the heated zone. This will allow the system to operate smoothly and efficiently in the winter. It is worth noting that it is rational to place the drain in the outer walls, which reduces the cost of a complex system of sewer pipes under the house and simplifies installation.
Important! In regions that are characterized by severe winters with very low temperatures and heavy snow drifts, it is recommended to provide for partial or complete heating of a flat roof.
Advantages and disadvantages of internal drainage
Giving preference to the internal drain, you should be aware that there are two different systems for the device of such an engineering design:
- gravity (gravitational), when water from a funnel directly enters a vertically located drain;
- siphon-vacuum (gravity-vacuum), code water from the funnel enters a horizontal pipe, and then into a vertical drain.
Each of these systems has its own advantages and disadvantages. So, the gravity system has the following disadvantage:
The siphon-vacuum drainage system is devoid of the above disadvantage, since water enters horizontal pipes through special funnels under vacuum. Further, the located vertical drain is filled with water completely. Under the influence of vacuum, water is discharged outside the building into the sewer. Such a system is characterized by high throughput. In addition, the siphon-gravity system has additional advantages:
- the ability to organize a catchment area not only from flat roofs, but also from roofs located at different angles of inclination;
- during installation, pipes of a smaller diameter are used;
- high throughput allows you to install a smaller number of drainage channels, reducing the cost of communication in general;
- the high speed of the flow of wastewater prevents clogging of the system.
- lack of drainage elements on the facades of the building;
- maintaining efficient operation in the winter;
- collection of drains directly into the drain system.
The disadvantages of the internal drainage system include the complexity of installation and maintenance, cleaning.
Conclusion
When installing a flat roof, an internal drain is the best option. However, in many respects its functioning depends on the quality of the materials used and the literacy of the work. So, you can find out some useful information about the installation of the internal drainage system on the video:
Flat roofing has grown in popularity over the years. Houses with such a roof are original, modern, stylish. The building materials market is developing in step with the times and offers the latest, high-quality materials that make it possible to realize even the most daring wishes of developers. So, a flat roof with an internal drain allows you to competently, effectively solve the problem of liquid drainage without violating the tightness of the roofing, while maintaining the ideal appearance of the facades of the building. Careful collection of water in special tanks or sewer pipes allows you to avoid high soil moisture around the perimeter of the building foundation and, as a result, directly in the room.
Sergey Novozhilov is an expert in roofing materials with 9 years of practical experience in the field of engineering solutions in construction.
A non-attic, combined, ventilated, roll-up roof with an internal drain is inspected after each heating season during the mandatory spring inspection. In addition to carrying out regular and extraordinary technical inspections (surveys), the maintenance of roofs of non-attic roofs consists in cleaning the roofs of debris and performing unforeseen current repairs.
For the summer period, according to the defective list compiled during the survey, work is planned for the current repair of flat coatings. It should be noted that, unlike pitched roofs, where only a major overhaul of the roof is carried out, the plan for repair and restoration measures should provide for mandatory current repairs of the soft roof of flat coatings at least once every five years.
Permissible deflections of the coating slabs are 1/200 of the span. Access to the roof should be through the stairwell through the attic hatch door in each section of the house. Roof access hatches are fireproof, have tight porches and special locking devices.
The slope of the roof - 0.015 is provided by laying the roof panels at different elevations of the supporting structures.
The evenness and slopes of the roof surface are checked by applying a three-meter rail. The clearance below it should not exceed 5 mm on a horizontal surface in the direction along the slope and 20 mm on a vertical surface in the direction across the slope. Clearances are allowed only with a smooth outline and no more than 1 by 1 m.
Cleaning of the internal drainage from the water intake funnels before the release should be carried out periodically in winter and summer. Cleaning of the internal drainage riser from the side of the funnels is carried out with wire brushes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the riser pipe.
To ensure proper operation of riser expansion joints, the gland packing in them must be replaced annually.
The device for reliable mating of the mastic coating with vertical structures (located above the roof plane) is ensured by applying mastic to these structures, reinforcing the mastic coating with an additional two layers of glass material and a protective apron made of galvanized roofing steel. In the structure protruding above the roof, antiseptic wooden slats are laid to secure the fiberglass or fiberglass impregnated with mastic.
In places of transition from a horizontal to a vertical surface, it is necessary to install a bevel device for high-quality and dense gluing of the rolled material.
Along with the repair of the roof, the following work should be done:
- repair of elements protruding above the roof;
- cleaning of the upper sections of the risers of internal drains and ventilation ducts;
- sealing the joints of the junctions of funnels to internal drains.
| Faults found: |
Decision on the overhaul project: |
| Violation of the junction of the roofing felt carpet to the individual pipes protruding on the roof | Lay a layer of burlap impregnated with minium around the pipe, measuring 500 ´ 500 mm; stick the bottom layer of the roofing felt close to the pipe; put on the pipe a branch pipe made of a steel 4 mm flange measuring 400 ´ 400 mm and a sleeve. Press the flange firmly against the layer of roofing material smeared with bitumen; caulk the gap between the pipe and the sleeve of the pipe with tarred tow; stick on the bitumen over the steel flange of the pipe the remaining layers of roofing material, fitting them closely to the sleeve; put a conical apron made of galvanized steel on the pipe using a crimp ring |
| Umbrellas made of galvanized iron were not installed on TV and radio racks; the junction to the racks is destroyed | To make a metal branch pipe consisting of a steel sheet 3 mm thick, a flange measuring 400 ´ 400 mm; and sleeves with an inner pipe diameter equal to the diameter of the rack 40 mm; cut the pipe into two halves. Make an apron from galvanized steel with a clamp; lay 1 layer of burlap impregnated with minium 600 ´ 600 mm in size around the pipe; put the pipe halves on the rack and place them tightly on the burlap layer; stick around the rack, over the flange, three additional layers of roofing material on bitumen; caulk the gap between the stand and the sleeve of the pipe with resin tow and pour bitumen on top; install a conical apron made of galvanized iron on the rack and fix it with a clamp with a coupling bolt |
| The joints of the roofing carpet with the vertical surfaces of the ventilation shafts and exits to the roof are broken | Pair the roofing carpet with vertical surfaces to perform according to the project; put a carpet in the otter wall, install a metal apron |
| Due to the small slope of the roof and the poor quality of work, so-called "saucers" are formed on the roof surface, in which water stagnates. | Remove the existing rolled carpet, level the surface with a cement screed ensuring the necessary slopes and stick the roofing felt carpet again |
| Funnels of internal drains are not installed according to the project; the mark of the mouth of the drain is above the mark of the roof. Bitumen flows into the funnel and reduces the useful diameter of the drain. Water through the junction of the carpet to the funnel penetrates into the layers of insulation, and then through the ceiling of the upper floor - into the stairwell |
Bring the design of the drain in accordance with the project and the requirements of technical operation |
Elimination of the counter-slope and restoration of the roofing carpet along the peaks
- clean the visor from dirt and debris;
- nail crutches with dowels 4.5 x 40 mm in increments of 700 mm along the perimeter of the visor;
- lay a cement-sand mortar M-100 on the surface of the visor with an outward slope of 1.5%, at the same time arrange an inclined side, into which a wooden block is laid, having previously dipped it in a 1: 1 bitumen and gasoline solution;
- stick a two-layer rolled carpet on the MBR-G-65 mastic;
- fix it along the overhangs by bending the latter, and against the wall - with a steel strip 20 ´ 3 mm with a hole 5 mm in diameter, nailed with dowels 4.5 x 40 mm in increments of 450 - 500 mm;
- seal the interface of the wall with the rolled carpet with MBR-G-65 rubber-bitumen mastic, layer 2 ± 0.5 mm.
 |
 |
 |
Repair of the junction of the roofing carpet to the pipes
- remove the umbrella and metal apron from the riser;
- cut off the detached part of the roofing carpet from the riser to the inclined side;
- stick successively a layer of fiberglass mesh type CCC, CC-1 (2, 3) and two layers of roofing material with an overlap of 150 mm on the old rolled carpet and 100 mm in relation to each other, and raise the upper edge of the rolled materials by 250 mm above the roof level ;
- install and secure the metal apron with a ferrule and an umbrella;
- seal the connection of the riser with a mechanical apron with MBR-G-65 rubber-bitumen mastic with a layer of 2 ± 0.5 mm.
Repair of the junction of the roofing carpet to the wall
- cut off the exfoliated part of the rolled carpet from the wall of the inclined side;
- clean the area of adjacency of the roofing carpet from dirt and debris;
- arrange an inclined side of cement-sand mortar M-100 150 mm high with a slope of 45 ° and apply MBR-G-65 mastic on it;
- lay successively 3 layers of roofing material with an overlap of 150 mm on the old rolled carpet and 100 mm in relation to each other, and raise the upper edge of the rolled materials by 250 mm above the roof level;
- shoot the edge of the roofing carpet and the metal apron with dowels 4.5 ´ 40 mm every 200 mm;
- seal the interface of the wall with the edge of the roofing material with rubber-bitumen mastic MBR-G-65, with a layer of 2 ± 0.5 mm.
Roof details
Roof details
Roof details
 |
 |
 |
 |
Repair of holes and tears
- clean and dry the damaged areas, glue a two-layer roofing material "patch" on hot bituminous (MBR-G-65 type) or cold insulating mastic (50 mm overlap) or paste over with likalen tape (TU 21-29-88-81) or "Garlen » with ruberoid protection on top.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Carpet blister repair
- clean and dry the swollen areas; cross-cut the swelling of the carpet or cut it out;
- glue a two-layer roofing felt patch.
 |
 |
Elimination of dents of the carpet up to 15 mm deep
- clean the "saucer" zones and stick 2 - 3 layers of roofing material on insulating mastic (overlapping up to 100 mm) "flush" with the existing carpet.
Removal of dents in the carpet with a depth of more than 15 mm
- cut out the entire deformed area;
- repair the cement-sand screed;
- glue 2 - 3 layers of roofing material on insulating mastic (overlap up to 100 mm).
Notes:
- it is forbidden to perform repair waterproofing from pure bitumen (tar);
- it is forbidden to seal the joints of the coating panels with bitumen and cement-sand mortar;
- when laying a rolled carpet, it is imperative to carry out gravel protection.
 |
 |
Repair of a carpet tear at the joint between the panels
- after cleaning the damage zone, stick 2 layers of fiberglass on the Krovelit or Venta mastic or 3 layers of roofing material on hot rubber-bitumen mastic, Garlen tape or likalen with two layers of roofing material on top.
- remove the old roofing carpet measuring 1x1 m around the funnel;
- clean and dry the base under the carpet, perform a leveling with a polymer mortar or cement-sand mortar M200;
- stick around the funnel a layer of fiberglass (fabric) type SS-1, 800 x 800 mm on mastics of the MBR type;
- stick 2 layers of roofing material 1 x 1 m in size flush with the old roofing carpet;
- stick the second layer of fiberglass with an overlap of 100 mm on the old carpet;
- stick two layers of roofing material over the entire plane of the catchment area;
- install the clamping ring and water intake cap;
- fill the ring junction with rubber-bitumen mastic, lay a protective layer of gravel.
roofs
with organized internal drainage
at the address: house number 13
|
Name of works | |||
|
Roof | |||
|
Dismantling fillets from cement. sand solution in the junction of the roof to the vert. surfaces | |||
|
Cement device. sand fillets in the junctions of the roof h-100mm to vertical surfaces | |||
|
Cement seal. sand solution vert. vent joints. boxes with opening width up to 3 cm | |||
|
Cement seal. sand solution vert. joints of butt joints of reinforced concrete roofing slabs with an opening width of up to 3 cm | |||
|
Coating with hardening mastic "Germobutil-S" or the equivalent of the ends of reinforced concrete roofing slabs (along the seam of the joints of the slabs) | |||
|
Partial repair of reinforced concrete roofing slabs with Uniflex weldable material or equivalent in 1 layer | |||
|
Roof junction device made of Uniflex welded material or equivalent in 1 layer | |||
|
Priming the base surface with a primer | |||
|
Cleaning the roof surface from exfoliated coating | |||
|
Priming the surface of reinforced concrete slabs with Etinol varnish or equivalent for 1 time | |||
|
Painting the surface of reinforced concrete slabs with PVC-23 enamel or equivalent for 2 times on the ground | |||
|
Coloring met. structures with BT-117 enamel on GF-21 primer or equivalent | |||
|
flanges d 80mm | |||
|
transition met. d100x57mm | |||
|
fittings for sewer pipelines TU |
|||
|
pipe d50mm L=1000mm | |||
|
pipe d50mm L=500mm | |||
|
pipe d50mm L=250mm | |||
|
pipe d50mm L=150mm | |||
|
pipe d100mm L=1000mm | |||
|
pipe d100mm L=2000mm | |||
|
pipe d100mm L=250mm | |||
|
elbow 90º d 50mm | |||
|
elbow 90º d 100mm | |||
|
tee 90º, 45º d 50mm | |||
|
tee 90º, 45º d 100x50mm | |||
|
tee 90º d 100mm | |||
|
2-plane cross 90º d100x50mm | |||
|
clamp met. d 50mm with res. damn. | |||
|
clamp met. d 100mm with res. damn. | |||
|
transitional coupling for black-and-white d 120x100mm | |||
|
rubber cuff. transition d 50x40 mm | |||
|
rubber cuff. sealing for toilet bowl d 120x100mm | |||
|
rubber cuff. transition on b/c d 120x100 mm | |||
|
rubber cuff. transition d 70x50 mm | |||
|
revision with cover d 100mm | |||
|
transition sleeve d 100x50mm | |||
|
transition sleeve for black-and-white d 70x50mm | |||
|
instrument pipe d 120x100mm on the toilet | |||
|
pipe d50mm L=500mm (sleeves) | |||
Defective statement
for the repair of electrical equipment in the house number 13 on the street. Avtozavodskaya
|
Name of works |
Quantity |
||
| electrical equipment | |||
|
Open-mounted two-gang switch | |||
|
Box TUSO 85x85x40 | |||
|
Incandescent luminaire (ceiling mounted bolt-on for harsh environments) including: NSP lamp NPP lamp 2W | |||
|
Automatic switch BA 88A | |||
|
Rigid PVC pipe d50mm | |||
|
Rigid PVC pipe d20mm | |||
|
Cable VVGng 3x1.5 (lighting of this floor) | |||
|
Cable VVGng 3x1.5 in PVC pipe | |||
|
Cable VVGng 3x2.5 in PVC pipe | |||
|
Pulling cable into pipes | |||
|
Installation wire APV1-50 | |||
|
Step-down transformer box | |||
|
2. Grounding |
|||
|
Vertical ground electrode made of angle steel 50x50x5mm | |||
|
Earthing switch horizontal from steel strip 160 mm² | |||
|
3. Construction work |
|||
|
Punching furrows in concrete walls | |||
|
4. Dismantling work |
|||
|
PVC pipes | |||
|
Power fuse cabinet repair | |||
|
Repair of group shields on the staircase with the change of machines |
A properly installed roof will last for many years. But under unforeseen mechanical influences or from natural aging, the cover is destroyed. And then there is a need for current or major repairs. In multi-apartment and public buildings, major repairs are carried out by management companies, and the need for such work is analyzed and recorded by engineering and technical personnel. And in private homes, the degree of damage is determined by the owner of the dwelling himself and decides: what type of repair is needed in this case.
What is roof overhaul
The plan for the overhaul of the roof includes a list of works for the complete restoration of all properties of the roofing, including the replacement of hydro, noise and heat insulating layers. The joints of the floor slabs, the rafter group, the drainage systems and the places where the roof adjoins the gables and cornices are also subject to repair.
Capital repairs are divided into two types:
- repair of pitched roofs - with rigid metal, asbestos-cement, tile or polymer roofing materials on inclined rafters. Such roofs consist of a roofing pie of a certain structure, limited to a ridge, gable and cornice overhangs;
A major overhaul of a pitched roof involves partial or complete replacement of wooden structures and layers of roofing cake.
- repair of flat roofs - with a soft built-up coating, which spreads on a reinforced concrete base or corrugated board. It is limited by parapets and has an internal drainage system. The roofing cake of such roofs is mounted with a slope to remove moisture.
A major overhaul of a flat roof must be carried out with partial or complete replacement of the roofing pie and the internal drainage system, as well as with the restoration of the integrity of the joints of the concrete floor
Roofing damage is determined visually by the presence of holes, cracks, swelling or peeling off at the joints. Implicit leaks require inspection of the entire roofing pie and truss system (or floor slabs).
When visually inspecting to determine the type of repair to be performed, attention should be paid to the following damage:
- failure of coating sheets, holes, cracks and violations at the junctions;
- disruption of the drainage system, the formation of puddles on the surface of the soft roof;
- wetting, traces of mold or destruction of rafters and battens, moistening of the insulation;
- leaks in the seams between the floor slabs or in the places where the pipes of the drainage system are inserted.
Photo gallery: types of damage requiring major repairs
Various flat roof defects that cannot be eliminated by partial restoration require major repairs 
Extensive damage to the roof is forcing a major overhaul with a complete replacement of the coating. 
Smudges on the ceiling inside the house indicate the need for urgent roof repairs 
Numerous mechanical damage on the roof of slate or tiles completely disable the roofing 
Depreciation of the entire coating of a soft roof may appear after 10 years of operation, if such a roof has not been monitored at all, has not been cleaned of snow and has not carried out minor repairs 
Roof leakage in many places leads to the formation of rot and failure of the wooden structure. 
Depreciation of the truss system can lead to roof collapse, so it is necessary to notice this type of damage in time 
The collapse of the roof leads to the most difficult type of repair work, since it is required to restore the entire system.
If more than 40% of the roofing is damaged and it is impossible to locally eliminate defects, then a decision should be made to completely replace it.
Also, the basis for the overhaul is the assessment of the operating time of the elements of the roofing pie, ceilings, truss and drainage systems, specified in the instructions VSN 58–88 (p).
Table: the duration of the operation of the roof of different materials
| Roofing elements of residential buildings and drainage systems | Service life up to overhaul, years |
| Ceilings from precast concrete elements and decking | 80 |
| Wooden rafters and lathing | 50 |
| Foam concrete and expanded clay insulation | 40 |
| Mineral wool insulation | 20 |
| Roofing from slate or ondulin | 30 |
| Roofing from metal tiles and corrugated board | 40–50 |
| Soft roofing from rolled materials | 10–15 |
| Gutters internal from cast-iron pipes | 40 |
| Drainage systems are polymeric | 10–20 |
To determine the cost and sequence of repair work, it is necessary to draw up design estimates based on the set of rules SP 17.13330.2017 "SNiP II-26-76 Roofs" and SO 002-02495342-2005.
According to the finished project, the amount of the required material, its cost and the schedule of work that must be completed in dry weather and during daylight hours with mandatory supervision by the engineering and technical worker of the responsible organization are calculated.
The difference between a major overhaul and a current one
The natural process of roof wear requires periodic repair of the roofing and insulation coating, rafter systems and gutters.
Current repairs ensure the health of the roof after the start of its operation and before subsequent overhaul.
The speed of the current repair is determined by the degree of wear of the elements of the roofing. It is stipulated by the “Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N170”, which sets out the requirements for supervision and maintenance of roofs.
During maintenance work on a metal-coated roof, damaged parts are replaced with new ones.
Overhaul involves the complete replacement of a worn roofing pie, partial replacement of wooden structures, repair of prefabricated reinforced concrete floors and gutters. At the same time, ventilation shafts, parapets are restored and roofing is reliably adjoined to them.
To increase the service life of the roof until the next overhaul, obsolete materials are replaced with modern ones: with less need for intermediate repairs.
Table: main differences between major and current repairs
At the same time, flame retardant and antiseptic treatment of wooden truss structures is carried out at least once every ten years.
The cost and timing of major repairs significantly exceed the costs of partial repairs. Upon completion of the overhaul, documented warranty certificates are issued, which indicate the service life of the repaired roof.
Dismantling the old roof is a lengthy process, but it allows you to completely renew the coating, replacing it with a better and more modern one.
According to the “Housing Code of the Russian Federation”, paragraph 154, contributions for major repairs in multi-apartment buildings are included in the structure of monthly payments for residential premises. In a number of regions there are subsidies for the overhaul of the housing stock. Therefore, the coordination of repair work is carried out by the management company, whose engineering specialists conduct technical supervision and accept the work performed.
Stages of approval and overhaul
The decision to overhaul the roof of an apartment building or public building is made in the following cases:
- in the event of an emergency during destructive weather events;
- after receiving an application from residents about the unsuitability of the roof, confirmed by the conclusion of the technical commission;
- with the onset of the maximum service life of the roof according to norms and standards.
According to the "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation", for some buildings, coordination of repair work with the district administration, the architectural department, service and specialized organizations is required. But if the overhaul does not change the architectural appearance of the building and is carried out in connection with objective circumstances, then special permits are not needed.
To confirm the need for overhaul, a commission is created with specialists from design organizations, which gives an opinion based on the current state of the roof and the technical passport of the structure. After the higher housing and communal authorities approve the conclusion on the wear of the roof and agree on the priority of financing the work, the organization forms the terms of reference on the creation of a set of design and estimate documents for the execution of the overhaul of the roof. Documentation and drawings are developed taking into account all the conditions for a particular object, the basis for their creation is the instruction MDS 13–1.99.
The project for the overhaul of the roof of a residential building is carried out by specialists of licensed organizations and includes the following documents:
- an act of inspection of the roof of the building with a technical report, measurements and a list of elements to be overhauled;
- technical passport of the building;
- terms of reference for the development of design estimates with proposals for modernization, taking into account new materials;
- architectural and construction part with a list of work performed and technical justification;
- estimate documentation, taking into account the cost of work and materials;
- a set of working drawings with a specification for materials according to GOST.
After the approval of the project by the parent organization, the management company conducts a tender and selects a contracting company that performs the overhaul in strict accordance with this project and the instructions for the work. Sometimes replacement of building materials is allowed if this does not lead to loss of quality.
Major repairs of the roof are carried out in several stages:
- Safe working conditions with safety brackets, scaffolding and ladders are provided.
- The dismantling of the old roofing pie, damaged wooden elements and components of the drainage system, as well as worn parts of parapets, ventilation system heads and filing of eaves and gable overhangs is carried out.
During major repairs, it is first necessary to dismantle all worn out roofing and damaged roof rafters
- The drainage system is being repaired, the joints of the floor slabs are being repaired, the caps of the ventilation system are being changed and the parapets are being restored.
- On pitched roofs, the truss system with waterproofing is being repaired, and on flat roofs, the vapor barrier is being restored and demolition is performed using a cement screed.
A layer of vapor barrier made of modern materials is welded onto the corrugated board, increasing the service life of the metal roof after overhaul
- Insulation and waterproofing layer are laid. Then the roofing is mounted with the appropriate overlap and sealing in the area of parapets, ventilation ducts and drains. And on pitched roofs, ridge, cornice and wind slats are additionally placed.
High-quality installation of heat-insulating and roofing coating on a repaired substrate guarantees a long service life of the entire roof
- Eaves overhangs, drainage system, ladders and ladders are being restored, and hooks for securing safety ropes are being installed. If necessary, exits and hatches to the roof are repaired, antenna or other equipment is installed.
Video: flat roof overhaul sequence
Overhaul rules
The overhaul of the roof is subject to the requirements of the norms and rules for construction work at height SNiP 12–03–2001, and is also carried out taking into account fire safety rules.
In the set of design and estimate documents for overhaul, there must be chapters on the environmental friendliness and safety of the work that must be carried out.
General rules for overhaul:
- Residents of the building must be notified of the start of repair work. The zone is fenced, and during tripping operations, duty officers are posted.
- Ensures the safety of workers.
- The roof is opened in dry weather - dismantling is carried out in parts so that there are no leaks in case of unforeseen precipitation. The already opened section of the roof is additionally protected from rain.
- After the roof is completely cleaned of debris, the work is carried out as soon as possible in compliance with the requirements for the quality of the repair.
- When installing soft roofs using gas equipment, attention is paid to compliance with fire safety measures.
- In the work, environmental standards are necessarily observed, safe building materials are used.
- Entrance hatches and doors to the roof are made fireproof, insulated, supplied with sealing gaskets and locks (or locks).
- At the final stage of the overhaul, the removed antennas, equipment and lightning protection devices are restored.
- After completion, in the presence of responsible persons, an act of acceptance of the work performed is drawn up. Changes are recorded in the technical passport of the building, the warranty period for the repaired roof is established.
The rules for the installation of roofing materials depend on their type and are produced in a manner recommended by manufacturers or product suppliers.
Warranty service life of the roof after a major overhaul
The warranty period of the renewed roof is recorded in the contract between the customer (payer) and the contractor (executor). It indicates the service life of each material used and the warranty period for the entire repaired roof. The recommended warranty period for the repair of soft, slate and metal roofs and interpanel seams is 3 years, during which the performing organization is obliged to eliminate the defects at its own expense, provided that the roof is properly used.
Recommendations for determining the warranty period are given in Article 754 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which describes the contractor's liability for improper performance of repair work or violation of the project's terms of reference. In case of claims, you can use the information letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2000 N51. Controversial issues about the poor quality of work and non-compliance with the warranty period for the operation of the roof due to the fault of the contractor are resolved in court.
In addition to the main warranty period, the contract may indicate post-warranty maintenance of the roof. It is carried out on mutually acceptable terms for the customer and the contractor and is paid upon completion of the work.
The warranty period after the overhaul of the roof begins from the moment of signing the act of acceptance of the work performed, which is an annex to the contract. The act is signed by representatives of the contractor and the customer in the presence of a specialist of the design organization, who confirms in writing the fact of architectural supervision of the proper implementation of repairs according to the project.
Video: budget option for a soft roof overhaul
Overhaul of the roof is a complex and expensive, but necessary type of construction work. It is important for the owner of a private house to strike a balance between quality and cost of repairs. However, you need to remember that cheap materials will last less. Apartment buildings are repaired with the involvement of professional builders, and the quality of their work is guaranteed on a contractual basis in accordance with the current legislation.