Agricultural rollers, their classification. According to the principle of action. Russian and Belarusian manufacturers

A road roller is a type of equipment for road works. The process of road construction involves artificial compaction of bulk soil and rolling to obtain an even road base. These works are carried out with the help of a road roller.

Classification of road rollers

Depending on the method of movement, there are three types of rollers. The most popular in the road sector are different models of self-propelled rollers. For rolling unpaved and gravel-gravel roads, trailers are mainly used, which compact the material with the weight of their mass. The third type of rollers is semi-trailer, in which the coupling device transfers part of the mass of the machine to the tractor.

Rollers differ in the principle of operation, rollers are of two types. During the operation of the static roller, the acting force of gravity compacts the material, resulting in a smooth road surface. When operating rollers of a vibrating type, the road base is rolled during the continuous operation of one / several working bodies. Vibrating rollers, which make oscillatory movements, today have the bulk of road rollers. Due to the presence of a vibration exciter, the productivity of this road equipment increases by 50-80%. Such indicators are achieved by reducing the number of roller passes and increasing the thickness of the compacted layer. Depending on the mass of the road roller model, the degree varies. It is possible to increase the mass of the machine due to additional ballast, for example, reinforced concrete cubes or sand tanks.

Types of road rollers, design features

The type of working body serves as the basis for the classification of road rollers into the following groups. The most popular type of road equipment are rollers with smooth rollers. Lattice rollers are used to compact lumpy soils, which contain solid elements. Compaction takes place as efficiently as possible due to their continuous crushing by a metal grate located on the roller and made of cast elements.

Cam road rollers are designed to compact loose cohesive soil, no more than 22-30 cm thick. Cams (spikes) installed on the roller shells allow it to easily enter the soil at the initial stage of compaction. With further passes of the roller, immersion in the ground becomes more and more difficult due to its compaction. Pneumatic road rollers provide a long-term load on the compacted layer and are primarily suitable for rolling fresh soil. They are used after the passages of cam and lattice rollers and allow the rolling of stone and binder materials. Rollers of the combined type are equipped with working bodies of different configurations, and are selected depending on the type of material being compacted.

Road rollers - number of axles in construction

According to the number of axles, one-, two- and three-axle rollers are distinguished.

The mutual arrangement and number of rollers make it possible to distinguish groups of one-, two- and three-roller road rollers. For example, double-drum rollers with two axles are equipped with rollers of equal width, which, when the machine passes, compact the material due to their arrangement “one behind the other”. Three-roller rollers are also divided into several groups, depending on the number of rollers and axles located. Three-roller rollers, operating on two axles, have, respectively, three rollers - one wide driven in front, and two narrow leading ones in the rear, thanks to which the machine is highly stable. The rollers have a large diameter and make it possible to easily compact the material at the junction of the road and the curb or wall.

A special design allows for 1-1.2 m to cover the track of the front working body with driving rollers. Three-roller rollers operating on three axles are used in the process of finishing the road base and are distinguished by the same width of the rollers. The unevenness of the compacted material does not affect the quality of the compaction, since the suspension of the rollers is located in such a way that it provides a rational redistribution of the mass of the machine and allows you to roll all the protrusions due to high pressure.

So, the choice of one or another model of a road roller depends on the type and main characteristics of the compacted pavement (soil / asphalt concrete), climatic conditions and the amount of work. Rollers of domestic production have a lower cost compared to their imported counterparts, and any fuel and oil is suitable for their operation.

When creating a road surface, it is very important that the road building material achieves a certain strength and elasticity. To do this, it must be well compacted. There are three methods of compaction in road construction:

• rolling;
• seal;
• vibration seal.

The main machine for compacting the road surface are road rollers. Many companies produce rollers of various types, power and weight. Among the characteristics that affect the quality of the seal, it is worth noting the following:

mass of the rink;

the contact area of ​​the shaft with the compacted layer;

rolling speed;

number of passes.

If we consider road rollers from different angles, then the classification can be given differently, depending on the features under consideration.

The first classification is according to the type of working body. Here are the rollers:

• with smooth rollers;
• lattice;
• cam;
• pneumowheel;
• combined.

If smooth rollers are known to everyone, then the appointment of the rest should be considered separately. The lattice roller has a shell in the form of a lattice made of cast metal elements. It is designed to compact soil, both cohesive and non-cohesive. The presence of a grid helps to break up lumps and other dense formations. Cam rollers have cams fixed on the shells. Their main application is loose cohesive soils no more than 22-30 cm thick. But with further compaction, this does not happen. Pneumatic rollers are designed for continuous load application to the compacted surface. In the combined skating rink, various rollers are installed, which enhances the quality of its work. Most often, a pneumatic wheeled version is combined with a vibrating wheeled one. Such a machine becomes more versatile and compacts virtually any soil well.

The second classification is based on the principle of action.
There are two types of rollers here: static and vibrating. The static roller moves over the compacted material, exerting standard pressure on the passable surfaces. And the vibratory roller acts on the compacted layer both due to gravity and acting on it due to periodic vibrations. The use of a vibratory roller reduces the number of passes of the roller along the track by 1.5-3 times, depending on the soil.

The third classification is according to the method of movement. Here are distinguished:

trailed (mass is completely transferred to the compacted material);

semitrailer (part of the mass is transferred to the tractor);

self-propelled.

The fourth classification is according to the number of axles. There are rollers uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial.
Classification fifth - by the number of rollers. Here allocate single drum, two-roller, three-roller.

The last two classifications give rise to all kinds of rollers, depending on the model range of the manufacturer.

Thus, considering the rollers from the point of view of classification, it should first of all be noted that the road roller is selected depending on the functions performed and the characteristics of the compacted surface. Choosing a skating rink - act wisely.

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I know that the quality of compaction of bulk soil and asphalt concrete plays an important role in the construction of roads. Tell me, what are the types of road rollers and what is their significance in modern construction?

Answer from our specialist:

The most demanded special equipment in the construction of highways includes various types of road rollers. They tamp, compact the cultivated areas (soil, asphalt pavement, etc.) with minimal cost and time. Therefore, they are widely used in many areas:

• in the construction of roads;
• in urban farms;
• when performing railway works;
• in the construction of airfields;
• in the hydrotechnical industry.

Classification

Road rollers differ in the way they move, the impact on the cultivated area, the features of the rollers, the number of axles. To perform each specific work, depending on the composition of the soil and other factors, a suitable model of such equipment is selected. After all, the life of the facility will largely depend on the quality of compaction of the soil itself and the asphalt layer.

Types by way of movement:

• Trailer models(with the impact on the surface only of the working rollers), semi-trailer (the mass of the roller acts on the surface through the rollers and the tractor). These mechanisms are moved by means of tractors or pneumatic wheeled tractors.
• Self-propelled. Such equipment is equipped with its own engine, power transmission. It is widespread because it is easy to manage, differs in productivity, independently moves between work areas.

According to the effect on the treated coating:

• Static. During processing, the surface is compacted only due to gravity.
• Vibrating. Compaction of the site occurs not only due to the mass, but also under the influence of periodic vibrations during the movement of the rollers. It is used where it is necessary to quickly perform huge amounts of work.

Additional classification

Roll type:

• With smooth working elements creating a flat surface.
• Cam- with rows of "cams" fixed on the shells. Used for compacting loose soils.
• lattice- with roll shells in the form of lattices. They are used for lumpy soils with solid inclusions, which are crushed by cast gratings and more even areas are obtained.
• Pneumatic– allow to apply a longer load on the surface. Such special equipment compacts the soil (except for sandy, clayey areas) up to 30 cm deep.
• Combined- combine different types of working elements, providing the versatility of such a technique. With special tires, they create a seal at the surface and at depth. It turns out a dense flat area.

By the number of axles:

• Single axle, double axle- are used more often only for compacting bases.
• Triaxial suitable for finishing coats, because due to a more even distribution of mass and high pressure, even the smallest protrusions can be leveled.

Such special equipment is reliable in operation, has excellent technical characteristics. It is easy to operate, convenient, effective in areas of any complexity when choosing the right model.

Video: Road roller operation

In 1971, the popular Rybinsk manufacturer OAO Raskat launched the DU-47 vibratory two-roller road roller, whose technical characteristics made it popular and in demand for a wide range of tasks for rolling and compacting soil, crushed stone, various types of artificial pavement on sidewalks, highways, on the territory of various organizations, in parking lots and office parking lots, as well as in construction sites and road construction sites.

The popularity is justified by the fact that due to the drum with a vibration system, the efficiency of work has significantly increased, since now the seven-ton road roller DU-47 required almost one approach in order to immediately obtain a high quality of road surface compaction. And the better the road surface is rolled, the less it is exposed to temperatures, precipitation and aggressive liquids.

Unlike models without a vibration mechanism, the DU-47 roller, with the same amount of work, is almost twice as productive, reducing, moreover, fuel consumption by 30%.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the road roller DU-47 include the availability of spare parts in case of repair - in terms of availability and pricing policy.

This roller is the optimal unit for operation on city streets and not very large enterprises, as evidenced by the number of machines produced over 30 years, namely, 12,000 units.

It must be said that "Raskat" is an enterprise that competently approaches the development of equipment, adjusting it to our conditions, for example:

• special equipment can be operated from -25 to + 50 degrees, which allows, for example, the DU-84 road roller and the rest of the range of models to be used in different climatic zones;
• resistance to strong shocks on the working part and vibration makes it possible to roll rocky soil and places with large relief;
• economical, because they do not work on synthetic fuels and oils, but on conventional fuels and lubricants;
• the cost of a vibratory road roller DU-47 is several times cheaper than foreign analogues with the same technical characteristics.

Specifications

Device Features

A characteristic feature of this model soil compaction machine is the presence of a kind of cab that allows the driver to work in heat, frost and slush. All operating levers are located in a convenient place for the driver and are protected from vibration by a suspension on rubber shock absorbers.

An interesting fact is that the first and rear vibrating rollers are made with different circumference sizes, which makes it possible to avoid the appearance of irregularities and various defects during the passage, including on a hot asphalt concrete pavement.

In addition, this feature prevents the roller from slipping on wet soil and provides the unit with the necessary patency.

A distinctive feature of this special equipment is the drive to the rear roller, which is also vibration.

The front roller does not take a strong part in vibrocompaction and movement. Its main purpose is to be a driven working body that pre-levels and compacts the soil or other surface before final rolling.

To make it easier for this unit to turn, the front roller was made of two parts, the rotation of which is independent of each other. Due to this, the drum parts rotate at different speeds on the same axis and do not interfere with the roller maneuvering.

The transmission of this skating rink is mechanical (in the modern version - the GST-90 hydraulic drive) and consists of 3 steps, which allows the driver to choose three fixed speed options forward and backward.

The engine of the unit has a power of 60 l / s, with a driving force of up to 70 kN, and fuel consumption reaches 12.5 km / h.

The soil vibratory roller DU-47 compacts the coating or soil due to the simultaneous pressure of the mass of the roller and the vibration of its working element.

By the way, the efficiency and productivity of work depends on the weight of the unit. Therefore, when choosing a road roller for rent, start from the type of coverage, soil features, etc.

Modifications

One of the modifications of this special equipment is the model of the DU-47B self-propelled ice rink, the technical characteristics of which have been slightly improved by the OAS "Raskat", for example:

• The weight of the unit is 8.5 tons.
• The engine has been upgraded.
• A water tank used for ballast appeared.
• The constant oscillation frequency is 50 Hz.
• The manual gearbox has 3 fixed speeds: 2.09 km/h, 4.07 km/h, 7.5 km/h.
• The process control area can be in the form of a conventional cabin or simply tarpaulin from above, providing the operator with oxygen, and the cover can always be removed. By the way, the control panel of the self-propelled unit was built higher, which significantly increased the comfort for the tractor driver.
• The ability to adjust the steering column and seat significantly reduces driver fatigue, which increases work efficiency.
• Modern transmission with hydraulic drive ensures smooth movement of the unit and reduces the load on the engine.

The roller DU-47B-1 is equipped with a mechanism for cleaning and wetting the rollers.

Models DU-47BGRS and DU-47DM are modernized successors of the line after DU-47B.

Maintenance of road rollers DU-47

To maintain the working condition of the self-propelled double-drum roller DU-47, as well as any other type of special equipment, its repair and maintenance should be carried out in time, as detailed in the instruction manual.

The presence of numerous service centers will make it easier to find the necessary spare parts, and qualified specialists will always come to the rescue in any questions.

The process of the skating rink DU-47

A road roller, or, as it is also called, a road compactor, is a manual, trailed or self-propelled mechanism that is actively used for arranging the roadway. The main difference between the asphalt roller model and any other vehicle will be the presence of one or two huge shafts with a smooth or profiled surface.

basic information

The main purpose of this special equipment is the stabilization, compaction or leveling of the ground cover. It can be of various types: sand, gravel, asphalt concrete. Stabilization, compaction or leveling processes occur due to the fact that the machine is able to exert a static or dynamic linear load on the surface on which it moves.

In addition, asphalt rollers have found their application in the creation of asphalt concrete or sand and gravel coatings. They are also actively used in the reconstruction or repair of the roadway. Another use of this technique is the asphalting of objects with an open plan or a small area. You can use such a machine when working with any hot or cold asphalt mixtures.

Variety of asphalt rollers

The division of machines into classes is carried out according to the following criteria:

1. Appointment.
2. Weight.
3. Type of working body.
4. Operating principle.
5. Number of shafts.
6. The way to move.

If we talk about the appointment of asphalt rollers, then they can be of two types:

• Soil machines are used for stabilization, compaction of pavement of soil, rock, clay or sand types.
• Asphalt special equipment is used when working with hot or cold mixes of asphalt concrete mixtures, which are used to stabilize or level the asphalt base.

Varieties of machines by their mass also have 2 types:

• The first group - rollers weighing up to 4 tons. The purpose of these machines is asphalt paving work in small areas such as car parks, parking lots, as well as pedestrian or bicycle areas, etc.
• The second group - asphalt rollers weighing more than 4 tons. The purpose of such equipment is participation in capital construction, repair of large sections of highways.

Working body

The division into classes according to the working body that the equipment has is carried out into 5 types:

1. Roller roller. This group includes rollers, the steel shaft of which has a smooth surface. The purpose of such equipment is the compaction and leveling of the asphalt concrete road base.
2. Cam roller. This category includes asphalt rollers, which have a profile shaft surface, as well as a truncated pyramidal shape. This technique belongs to the soil class of rollers. This machine has found its application in the compaction of loose and frozen soils.
3. Pneumatic roller. The peculiarity of this type of machine is that the main shaft is replaced by several rows of rubberized wheels. The use of this machine is carried out in order to finally compact the road base, seal the asphalt, strengthen the soil.

Operating principle

If we talk about asphalt rollers, then they can be classified into two categories according to how they carry out their work:

• Static rollers belong to the first category. This type of equipment includes those machines that put pressure on the road surface due to their own weight, as well as due to additional ballast elements loaded on the skating rink, if necessary. These rollers have found their application when it is necessary to compact asphalt concrete and soil bases, in places where it is forbidden to use vibratory rollers. Such places include bridges, overpasses, etc.
• The second category is vibratory rollers. This group includes the technique that exerts pressure on the surface due not only to its own mass, but also due to the dynamic linear load that occurs due to the vibration of the main steel shaft. This special equipment is also used for compacting, stabilizing or leveling an asphalt concrete or soil base. However, the advantage of vibratory rollers is that their use reduces the number of passes required to complete the operation by 1.5-2 times.

Technical parameters of rollers

The production of an asphalt roller model must be carried out in compliance with certain requirements. The most important requirements for such special machines are the following:

1. The width as well as the diameter of the shaft in millimeters.
2. The rotation angle of the main shaft as well as the static linear load are also very important. The load is measured in kg/cm 2 and the angle of rotation is in degrees.
3. For vibratory rollers, an important characteristic will be the frequency of vibration, measured in hertz, as well as the amplitude, measured in millimeters.
4. Common important parameters for these machines are centrifugal force, measured in Newtons, and, of course, productivity (m2/h).

An excellent technique is the Hamm asphalt roller, which fully complies with all technical requirements and perfectly copes with all the tasks assigned to it.

Roller movement

It is also important to note that the classification of road special equipment is also carried out according to the method of its movement.

The last and most common type is the self-propelled roller, which has its own engine, transmission, and one or two shafts.