are photovoltaic converters (solar modules) that convert the energy of sunlight into electricity. In order to use household appliances at the expense of a solar battery in the house, there should be a lot of such modules.

The energy generated by one module is not enough to meet the energy needs. The photovoltaic converters are interconnected by one series circuit.

Parts that make up a solar battery:

1. solar modules combined into frames. In one frame, from units to several tens of photovoltaic cells are combined. To provide electricity to the whole house, you will need several panels with elements.
2. . It serves to accumulate the energy received, which can then be used at night.
3. Controller. It monitors the charging and discharging of the battery.
4. . Converts direct current received from solar modules to alternating current.

Solar module (or photovoltaic cell) It is based on the principle of p-n junction, and in its structure is very similar to a transistor. If you cut off the hat of the transistor and direct the sun's rays to the surface, then the device connected to it can determine the meager electric current. The solar module works on the same principle, only the transition surface of the solar cell is much larger.

Like many types of transistors, solar cells are made from crystalline silicon.

According to manufacturing technology and materials, there are three types of modules:

1. Monocrystalline. Made in the form of cylindrical silicon ingots. The advantages of the elements are high performance, compactness and the longest service life.
2. Thin film. The layers of the photoelectric converter are deposited on a thin substrate. The efficiency of thin-film modules is relatively low (7-13%).
3. Polycrystalline. Molten silicon is poured into a square mold, then the cooled material is cut into square plates. Outwardly, they differ from single-crystal modules in that the edges of the corners of polycrystalline plates are not cut off.

Battery. Lead-acid batteries are most widely used in solar panels. A standard battery has a voltage of 12 volts; battery packs are assembled to obtain a higher voltage. So you can assemble a block with a voltage of 24 and 48 volts.

Solar charge controller. The charge controller acts like a voltage regulator in a car. Basically, 12 volts give out a voltage of 15 to 20 volts, and without a controller they can be damaged by overload. When the battery is 100% charged, the controller turns off the modules and protects the battery from boiling.

inverter. Solar modules generate direct current, while household appliances and appliances require alternating current and a voltage of 220 volts. Inverters are designed to convert direct current into alternating current.

Selection of components for manufacturing

To reduce the cost of a solar station, you need to try to assemble it yourself. To do this, you will need to purchase the necessary components, some elements can be made by yourself.

It will be possible to independently collect:

• frames with photoelectric converters;
• charge controller;
• voltage inverter;

The largest costs will be associated with the acquisition of the solar cells themselves. Parts can be ordered from China or on eBay, this option will cost less.

It is prudent to purchase workable converters with damage and defects - they are simply rejected by the manufacturer, but they are quite serviceable. You cannot buy elements of different sizes and power - the maximum current of the solar battery will be limited by the current of the smallest element.

To make a frame with solar cells you will need:

• aluminum profile;
• solar cells (usually 36 pieces for one frame);
• solder and flux;
• drill;
• fasteners did;
• silicone sealant;
• copper bus;
• a sheet of transparent material (plexiglass, polycarbonate, plexiglass);
• a sheet of plywood or textolite (plexiglass);
• Schottky diodes;

It makes sense to assemble the inverter yourself only with low power consumption. A simple charge controller is not so expensive, so there is not much point in wasting time on making the device.

DIY manufacturing technology

To assemble solar panels you will need:

1. Design a frame (case).
2. Solder all the solar cells in a parallel circuit.
3. Fix the solar cells to the frame.
4. Make the housing airtight - direct contact with atmospheric precipitation on photovoltaic cells is unacceptable.
5. Locate the battery in an area with the highest amount of sunlight.

To meet the energy needs of a private house, one solar panel (frame) will not be enough. Based on practice, 120 W of power can be obtained from one square meter of a solar panel. For the normal energy supply of a residential building, it will take about 20 square meters. m. area of ​​solar cells.

Most often, batteries are placed on the roof of the house on the sunny side.

Case assembly

The body can be assembled from plywood sheet and slats, or from aluminum corners and sheet and plexiglass (textolite). It is necessary to decide how many elements will be placed in the frame. It should be borne in mind that a gap of 3-5 mm is required between the elements, and the size of the frame is calculated taking into account these distances. The distance is necessary so that during thermal expansion the plates do not touch each other.

Assembling the structure from aluminum profile and plexiglass:

• a rectangular frame is made from an aluminum corner;
• Holes for fasteners are drilled in the corners in the aluminum case;
• silicone sealant is applied to the inside of the body profile around the entire perimeter;
• a sheet of plexiglass (textolite) is installed in the frame and tightly pressed against the frame;
• at the corners of the case, with the help of screws, fixing corners are placed, which securely fix the sheet of transparent material in the case;
• the sealant is allowed to dry thoroughly;

Everything, the body is ready. Before placing the solar cells in the housing, it is necessary to thoroughly wipe the surface from dirt and dust.

Photocell connection

When handling photoelectronic elements, it should be remembered that they are very fragile and require careful handling. Before connecting the plates in a serial chain, they are first carefully but gently wiped - the plates must be perfectly clean.

If the photocells were purchased already with soldered conductors, this simplifies the process of connecting the modules. But before assembly, in this case, it is necessary to check the quality of the finished soldering, and if there are irregularities, eliminate them.

On the photovoltaic plates, there are contacts on both sides - these are contacts of different polarity. If the conductors (buses) are not yet soldered, you must first solder them to the contacts of the plates, and then connect the photovoltaic cells to each other.

To solder busbars to photovoltaic modules, you need:

1. Measure the desired length of the tire and cut into pieces the desired number of strips.
2. Wipe the contacts of the plates with alcohol.
3. Apply a thin layer of flux to the contact along the entire length of the contact on one side.
4. Attach the tire exactly along the length of the contact and slowly draw a heated soldering iron over the entire soldering surface.
5. Turn the plate over and repeat all soldering operations on the other side.

You can not strongly press the soldering iron to the plate, the element may burst. It is also necessary to check the quality of the soldering - there should be no irregularities on the front side of the photocells. If the bumps and roughness remain, you need to carefully walk the soldering iron along the contact seam again. It is necessary to use a low-power soldering iron.

What needs to be done in order to correctly and accurately connect photovoltaic cells:

1. If there is no experience in assembling elements, it is recommended to use a marking surface on which elements should be placed (plywood sheet).
2. Arrange solar panels strictly according to the markup. When marking, do not forget to leave a distance of 5 mm between the elements.
3. When soldering the contacts of the plates, be sure to monitor the polarity. The photocells must be properly connected in series, otherwise the battery will not work properly.

Mechanical installation of panels:

1. In the case, make markings for the plates.
2. Place the solar cells in the housing, placing them on the plexiglass. In the frame, fix with silicone glue in the marked places. Do not apply much glue, just a tiny drop in the center of the plate. Press carefully so as not to damage the plates. It is better to move the plates together into the case, it will be inconvenient for one.
3. Connect all wires at the edges of the plates with common busbars.

Before sealing the panel, you need to test the quality of the soldering. The structure is carefully taken out closer to the sunlight and the voltage on the common tires is measured. It should be within the expected values.

Alternatively, sealing can be done as follows:

1. Apply droplets of silicone sealant between the plates and along the edges of the case, gently press the edges of the photocells against the plexiglass with your fingers. It is necessary that the elements lie as close as possible to the transparent base.
2. Put a small weight on all edges of the elements, say, heads from an automotive tool kit.
3. Let the sealant dry well., the plates will be securely fixed during this time.
4. Then carefully grease all the joints between the plates and the edges of the frame. That is, you need to lubricate everything in the case, except for the plates themselves. Sealant getting on the edges of the back side of the plates is acceptable.

Final assembly of the solar panel

1. Install the connector on the side of the case, connector connect with Schottky.
2. Close the outer side of the plate with a protective screen from transparent material. In this case, Plexiglas. The design must be airtight and prevent the penetration of moisture into it.
3. The front side (plexiglass) is desirable to process, for example, varnish (lacquer PLASTIK-71).

What is a Schottky diode for? If the light falls only on part of the solar panel, and the other part is darkened, the elements may fail.

Diodes help to avoid structural failure in such cases. In this case, power is lost by 25%, but diodes cannot be dispensed with - they shunt the current, the current bypasses the photocells. To minimize the voltage drop, it is necessary to use low-resistance semiconductors, such as Schottky diodes.

Advantages and disadvantages of a solar battery

Solar panels have both advantages and disadvantages. If there were only one pluses from the use of photovoltaic converters, the whole world would have switched to this type of electricity generation long ago.

Advantages:

1. Autonomy of the power supply, there is no dependence on power outages in the centralized power grid.
2. No subscription fee for the use of electricity.

Disadvantages:

1. High cost equipment and elements.
2. Dependence on sunlight.
3. Possibility of damage to elements solar battery due to adverse weather conditions (hail, storm, hurricane).

In what cases it is advisable to use the installation on photovoltaic cells:

1. If the object (house or cottage) is located at a great distance from the power line. It may be a country cottage in the countryside.
2. When the object is located in the south sunny area.
3. When combining different types of energy. For example, heating a private house using stove heating and solar energy. The cost of a low-power solar station will not be so high, and can be economically justified in this case.

Installation

It is necessary to mount the battery in the place of maximum illumination by sunlight. The panels can be mounted on the roof of the house, on a rigid or swivel bracket.

The front of the solar panel should face south or southwest at an angle of 40 to 60 degrees. During installation, external factors must be taken into account. Panels should not be obstructed by trees and other objects, dirt should not get on them.

1. It is better to buy photocells with small defects. They also work, only they do not have such a beautiful appearance. New elements are very expensive, the assembly of a solar battery will not be economically justified. If there is no particular hurry, it is better to order plates on eBay, it will cost even less. With shipment and China, you need to be more careful - there is a high probability of receiving defective parts.
2. Photocells need to be bought with a small margin, there is a high probability of their breakdown during installation, especially if there is no experience in assembling such structures.
3. If the elements are not yet used, you should hide them in a safe place to avoid breakage of fragile parts. You can not stack the plates in large stacks - they can burst.
4. At the first assembly, a template should be made, which will mark the location of the plates before assembly. This makes it easier to measure the distance between elements before soldering.
5. Soldering is necessary with a low-power soldering iron, and in no case apply force when soldering.
6. It is more convenient to use aluminum corners to assemble the case, wooden construction is less reliable. As a sheet on the back of the elements, it is better to use plexiglass or other similar material and is more reliable than painted plywood and looks aesthetically pleasing.
7. Photovoltaic panels should be located in places where sunlight will be maximum. throughout the daylight hours.

House power supply scheme

The series power supply chain of a private solar-powered house is as follows:

1. Multi-panel solar array, which are located on the slope of the roof of the house, or on the bracket. Depending on the energy consumption, there can be up to 20 panels or more. The battery generates a direct current of 12 volts.
2. Charge controller. The device protects batteries from premature discharge, and also limits the voltage in the DC circuit. Thus, the controller protects the batteries from overload.
3. voltage inverter. Converts direct current to alternating current, thereby enabling the consumption of electricity by household appliances.
4. Batteries. For private houses and cottages, several batteries are installed, connecting them in series. They serve to store energy. The energy of the batteries is used at night, when the solar cells do not produce current.
5. electricity meter.

Quite often, in private homes, the power supply system is supplemented by a backup generator.

In general, it is not so difficult to assemble a solar battery with your own hands. Only certain means, patience and accuracy are needed.

- produce solar panels, such batteries will always be in demand, since solar energy is inexhaustible, and silicon, from which solar cells are mainly made, is a very common substance.

The only disadvantage of this business idea is the underdevelopment of the technological process manufacturing of solar panels, which does not yet reduce the cost of the battery.
Solar battery production requires the presence of the main raw material - quartz sand, containing a significant concentration of silicon dioxide and easy to process.

Further, depending on the type of silicon: amorphous, monocrystalline and polycrystalline, its own production technology is used. To obtain single-crystal silicon with a homogeneous crystal structure, it is grown using a seed single crystal. In a special oven, rotating in a certain way.

Less costly technologies are used in the production of polycrystalline silicon, which has a heterogeneous structure. To obtain polycrystalline silicon, vapor deposition is carried out, which causes the molecules to solidify freely and randomly.

Manufactured batteries on polycrystalline silicon have a relatively low price.
The resulting single-crystal silicon disks from the manufacturing process are then cut to a square shape. Further, square-shaped single-crystal silicon is cut with diamond disks into thin plates with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.

Then they are subjected to thorough cleaning, turning, grinding and cleaning. Then the testing of single-crystal silicon plates is carried out. Next, silicon plates are connected to form solar cells. Then protective coatings of strong glass are applied to the surfaces of the silicon parts of the batteries to prevent
negative impact of the environment. Next, the surfaces are metallized, then an anti-reflective coating is applied with a special laminate.

To achieve the required electrical parameters, in particular the level of voltage and current, solar cells are connected in series. This process takes place in accordance with the glass-film technology, inscribed in the business plan for the production of solar panels. The film is attached to the reverse side of the resulting photovoltaic plate structure, then the edges of the film are sealed, which guarantees the quality of the solar cells.

Under the action of solar energy, current is generated by the photovoltaic cells of solar panels. Then the current is accumulated, and it can already be used to power other electrical appliances.

How to make a solar battery - video:

By the way, solar cells themselves can be ordered from well-known online auctions.

Ideas for Business from the section:

What does solar cell technology look like?

The world is experiencing a constant increase in electricity consumption, and the stocks of traditional energy sources are declining. Therefore, the demand for equipment that generates electricity using non-traditional sources of raw materials is gradually growing. One of the most common ways to generate electricity is solar panels powered by solar energy. They are composed of photovoltaic cells, the properties of which make it possible to convert solar radiation into electric current. For their manufacture, one of the most common chemical elements on Earth is used - silicon. In this article, we will talk about how silicon is converted into photovoltaic cells. Simply put, we will look at what solar cell production is and what equipment is required for this.

In the field of solar panels production, a fairly large market has already formed, in which large companies are present. Millions of dollars are already spinning here and there are brands that have earned a reputation for producing quality products. This refers to both the world market and the Russian one. The technologies underlying the production of solar panels are being improved as scientific research in this direction develops. Now solar panels are produced in various sizes and purposes. There are very small ones used in calculators and. And there are large panels used in solar systems and. One photocell has a small power and produces a very small current. Therefore, they are combined into . Now let's look at how photovoltaic cells are made.

The production of solar panels can be divided into the following main stages:

• Testing. At this stage, the electrical characteristics are measured. For this, flashes of powerful xenon lamps are used. Based on the test results, the photocells are sorted and sent to the next stage of production;
• At the second stage of production, the soldering of the elements in the section is performed. Sections are formed from them on a glass substrate. The assembled sections are transferred to the glass using vacuum grippers. This is a mandatory requirement to exclude mechanical or other effects on the surface of the plates. Blocks usually include 4─6 sections. Sections, in turn, consist of 9-10 photovoltaic panels;
• The next stage of production is lamination. The blocks of photocells connected by soldering are laminated with an ethylene vinyl acetate film. A special protective coating is also applied. All this is done on CNC equipment. The computer monitors such characteristics as pressure, temperature, etc. Depending on the material used, the lamination parameters can be changed;
• And the final stage is the manufacture of an aluminum profile frame and a special junction box. To ensure the reliability of the connection, glue-sealant is used. At the same stage of production, testing of solar panels is carried out. In this case, short-circuit currents, output voltage (working and no-load), current strength are measured.

Solar panels can be mass-produced at a cost ten times lower than it is now. The verification of the original technology was reported by a group of physicists and chemists led by Brian Korgel from the University of Texas at Austin.

Instead of the traditional deposition of the composition from the gas phase in a vacuum chamber, scientists have developed a method of spraying onto a substrate a paint consisting of an army of photosensitive nanoparticles. Copper-indium-gallium selenide CIGS was used as a light-receiving composition.

Application of electricity-generating nanoinks to a substrate. Korgel and his colleagues have developed and polished a method to synthesize CIGS particles, which are 10,000 times thinner than a human hair. A suspension of such particles turns into paint, which is easy to apply to the base of a future battery at room temperature.

But so far, even a simple coloring of the finished polymer substrate demonstrates the way to obtain inexpensive solar converters. Brian and his colleagues have made several of these photovoltaic cells. Their efficiency, alas, was only 1%, but American scientists believe that they can raise it to 10% by optimizing the technology.

Combined with a cost that is ten times more modest than that of classic panels, this will pave the way for the commercial success of the innovation. The technology could reach the market within 3-5 years, says Korgel. He also adds that the new ink is translucent, which will allow experimentation with the creation of current-generating window panes.

Technology for the production of ultra-cheap solar panels

Solar panels can be mass-produced ten times cheaper than now. The verification of the original technology was reported by a group of physicists and chemists led by Brian Korgel from the University of Texas at Austin.

To reduce the cost of solar cells, the researchers combined the optimal semiconductor material with a simpler and more inexpensive processing technology.

Instead of the traditional deposition of the composition from the gas phase in a vacuum chamber, scientists have developed a method of spraying paint consisting of photosensitive nanoparticles onto a substrate.

Copper-indium-gallium selenide CIGS was used as a light-receiving composition.

Korgel and his colleagues have developed and polished a method to synthesize CIGS particles, which are 10,000 times thinner than a human hair. A suspension of such particles turns into paint, which is easy to apply to the base of a future battery at room temperature.

If a method of similar spraying of the substrate and other elements necessary for the battery is created, the way will open for applying solar panels directly to the roofs of houses in the form of several layers of paint.

But so far, even a simple coloring of the finished polymer substrate demonstrates the way to obtain inexpensive solar converters. Brian and his colleagues have made several of these photovoltaic cells. Their efficiency was only 1%, but American scientists believe that they can raise it to 10% by optimizing the technology.

Combined with a cost that is ten times more modest than that of classic panels, this will pave the way for the commercial success of the innovation. The technology could reach the market within 35 years, says Korgel. He also adds that the new ink is translucent, which will allow experimentation with the creation of current-generating window panes.

Solar panels in Russia

The predictions of science fiction writers are beginning to come true - the world has come to understand the environmentally friendly inexhaustible energy of the Sun - the future of mankind. Today, of all renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most actively developing. It is in solar electricity that scientists see an alternative to oil and gas, the reserves of which are not unlimited. Photovoltaic converters for solar batteries began to be produced at the plant of ceramic-metal devices in Ryazan.

The new production line at the Ryazan plant will produce 230 watt solar modules for large grid power plants. Components - plates with anti-reflective coating in blue and black. The raw material for them is one of the most common natural elements, silicon, the well-known sand. But to become a semiconductor, he needs to go through 4 stages of purification. The main producers of polycrystalline silicon Japan, the USA and Germany are the world leaders in the introduction of solar energy.

The construction of solar houses and stations has become one of the priority areas of the energy sector, and in recent years the world has experienced a shortage of polysilicon. In the bioenergy market, a struggle for this material has unfolded, and Russia has a chance to be an outsider. The necessary funds for the construction of the plant in Ryazan were found due to the fact that the Russian Electronics holding and the Ryazan plant of metal-ceramic devices became part of the Rostekhnologiya corporation. In the future, create a full-scale production from start to finish. From the production of silicon to the production of certain elements of solar cells, the assembly of panels and further assembly of solar power plants.

It is no coincidence that this enterprise of the electronics industry was chosen as the base for creating the production of solar batteries. As early as 10 years ago, for the first time, they started producing solar modules and applied a new method of sealing them - plastic. This is know-how, patented technology.

Although our country is not located in the sunniest latitudes, it is planned that in 10 years in Russia, the production of electricity from renewable sources will increase several times.

What is the production technology of solar panels?

The technology for the production of solar panels is too complex to be described in detail on this resource. But in general, it does not differ from the production of other semiconductor devices: thin plates are cut from single crystals of ultra-pure silicon, usually p-type, that is, doped with boron or aluminum, after which they are polished, etched and semiconductor structures are formed on them - - p-n transition on one side, p-p+ transition on the reverse side. Then a contact grating is formed from layers of titanium, palladium and silver on the front side and a layer of silver-palladium on the back, and finally, an antireflection layer is deposited on the surface.

In this way, the simplest solar cell is obtained, such as those that were mass-produced in the 1980s in the USSR. Since then, the structure of solar cells has become much more complicated - multilayer coating and texturing of the silicon surface is used, which significantly increases the efficiency of light collection, a more complex semiconductor structure, and more advanced current collection systems.

Sources: www.membrana.ru, www.megawt.ru, sunbat.narod.ru, alternativenergy.ru, www.bolshoyvopros.ru

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The ever-increasing demand for solar energy is fueling an increase in demand for equipment that can store this energy and use it for later needs. The most popular way to generate electricity is solar photovoltaics. This is primarily due to the fact that the production of solar cells is based on the use of silicon, a chemical element that occupies the second place in terms of content in the earth's crust.

The solar battery market today is represented by the world's largest companies with multimillion-dollar turnover and many years of experience. The production of solar panels is based on various technologies that are constantly being improved. Depending on your needs, you can find solar panels that are small enough to fit into a calculator, or panels that can easily fit on the roof of a building or car. As a rule, single photovoltaic cells produce very little power, so technologies are being used to combine them into so-called solar modules. About who and how does it and will be discussed further.

Technological process of manufacturing solar panels

Stage 1

The first thing with which any production begins, including the production of solar panels, is the preparation of raw materials. As we mentioned above, the main raw material in this case is silicon, or rather quartz sand of certain rocks. The raw material preparation technology consists of 2 processes:

1. Stage of high temperature melting.
2. Synthesis stage, accompanied by the addition of various chemicals.

Through these processes, a maximum degree of silicon purification of up to 99.99% is achieved. For the manufacture of solar cells, monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon are most often used. The technologies for their production are different, but the process of obtaining polycrystalline silicon is less expensive. Therefore, solar cells made from this type of silicon are cheaper for consumers.

After the silicon has been refined, it is cut into thin wafers, which are in turn carefully tested by measuring electrical parameters using flashes of high power xenon lamps. After the tests, the plates are sorted and sent to the next stage of production.

Stage 2

The second stage of the technology is the process of soldering the plates in sections, with the subsequent formation of blocks on glass from these sections. Vacuum holders are used to transfer finished sections to the glass surface. This is necessary in order to exclude the possibility of mechanical impact on the finished solar cells. Sections are usually formed from 9 or 10 solar cells, and blocks - from 4 or 6 sections.

Stage 3

Stage 3 is the lamination stage. Soldered blocks of photovoltaic plates are laminated with ethylene vinyl acetate film and a special protective coating. The use of computer control allows you to monitor the level of temperature, vacuum and pressure. And also to program the required lamination conditions in case of using different materials.

Stage 4

At the last stage of manufacturing solar panels, an aluminum frame and a junction box are mounted. For reliable connection of the box and the module, a special sealant-glue is used. After that, the solar panels are tested, where they measure the short-circuit current, current and voltage of the maximum power point and open-circuit voltage. To obtain the required values ​​of current and voltage, it is possible to combine not only solar cells, but also ready-made solar blocks with each other.

What equipment is needed?

In the production of solar panels, it is necessary to use only high-quality equipment. This ensures minimal errors when measuring various indicators in the process of testing solar cells and blocks consisting of them. The reliability of the equipment implies a longer service life, therefore, the cost of replacing failed equipment is minimized. With low quality, violations of manufacturing technology are possible.

The main equipment used in the solar panel production process:

Who supplies us with solar panels?

Solar panels are a very promising business, and most importantly profitable. The number of purchased solar panels is increasing every year. This provides a constant increase in sales, which is the interest of any plant for the production of solar panels, and there are many of them around the world.

In the first place are, of course, Chinese companies. The low cost of solar panels that the Chinese export around the world has led to many problems for other major companies. Over the past 2-3 years, at least 4 German brands have announced the closure of the production of solar panels. It all started with the bankruptcy of Solon, after which Solarhybrid, Q-Cells and Solar Millennium closed. The American company First Solar also announced the closure of its plant in Frankfurt an der Oder. Such giants as Siemens and Bosch also curtailed their production of panels. Although, given that Chinese solar panels are, for example, almost 2 times cheaper than their German counterparts, there is nothing to be surprised here.

The first places in the top companies producing solar panels are occupied by:

• Yingli Green Energy (YGE) is a leading manufacturer of solar panels. In 2012, its profit amounted to more than $120 million. In total, it has installed more than 2 GW of solar modules. Its products include 245-265W monocrystalline silicon panels and 175-290W polycrystalline silicon batteries.
• First Solar. Although this company closed its plant in Germany, it still remained among the largest. Its profile is thin-film panels, whose capacity in 2012 was about 3.8 GW.
• Suntech Power Co. The production capacity of this Chinese giant is approximately 1800 MW per year. About 13 million solar panels in 80 countries are the result of the work of this company.

Among the Russian factories it is worth highlighting:

• "Sunny wind"
• Hevel LLC in Novocheboksarsk
• Telecom-STV in Zelenograd
• JSC "Ryazan Plant of Metal-ceramic Devices"
• CJSC "Termotron-zavod" and others.

You can find a more complete list of companies manufacturing and supplying equipment and products for solar energy in ours.

The CIS countries are not far behind. For example, last year a plant for the production of solar batteries was launched in Astana. This is the first enterprise of its kind in Kazakhstan. It is planned to use 100% Kazakh silicon as raw materials, and the equipment installed at the plant meets all the latest requirements and is fully automated. The launch of a similar plant is also in the plans of Uzbekistan. The construction was initiated by the largest Chinese company Suntech Power Holdings Co, the same proposal was received from the Russian oil giant LUKOIL.

At this pace of construction, we should expect widespread use of solar modules. But this is not bad. An environmentally friendly energy source that provides free energy can solve many problems associated with environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels.

The article was prepared by Abdullina Regina

Video about the manufacturing process of solar panels: