Business plan for the installation of the Smart Home system. Complex projects of "smart" houses: technology, description, tasks "Smart house" control system

creative project
creative project
"Smart House"
"Smart House"
Prepared by a student of grade 7 "b"
Kutsenko Christina

1. Problem situation
In technology lessons, we were asked the question, what is
integrated control system "Smart House"?
I typed these words into the Internet search engine
and received many links and sites where you can
find information. I studied them and realized that this
system
modern technologies really
makes the house smart. For example, with devices
you can control the light. I decided to learn more
the benefits of such a system and tell parents.
In our house, we also need to install various
devices, but what - I'll try to find out.

2. Purpose of the project
with
Familiarize
opportunities
smart home systems and consider
application of elements of this system
for our home.

3.Project objectives
comprehensive
dedicated
1. Collect the necessary information on the sites
Internet,
system
control "Smart home".
2.Analyze the management needs of our
home using various sensors.
3.Create a list (list) of our problems.
4.Find technologies suitable for our home.
5. Determine by what means for their implementation
our family has.

Lukyanenko E.A. MKOU secondary school No. 256, Fokino

4.Research

I got acquainted with the relevant Internet sites, from which I learned more about what
included in the concept of "smart home". Since this is a very interesting question for me,
I turned to my dad for clarification. It turned out to be a home automation system,
offices, apartments, including the following components:
light control;
installation of various sensors of presence, movement, illumination, etc.;
control of blinds and roller shutters;
ventilation and air conditioning control;
climate and heating control;
multiroom systems (distribution of audio, video signals of various sources in
different rooms)
management of security and fire systems at home (including notification of
occurring over any communication channel);
control of other devices that can be connected to a common system;
the possibility of centralized control of "Smart Home" through a computer,
Internet, via remote control, mobile phone.

The Smart Home system is designed and assembled individually for each
consumer. This is done by professionals. Independently such a system in the house
almost impossible to do. Some of the systems listed above can be
install or, conversely, add new ones.

6.Choice of specific systems
To reduce the cost of the Smart Home system for
our family can install individual items.
It is not necessary to combine everything into a single whole. So,
having equipped in the house such components of the system as
control
fire department
alarms, water and gas leakage sensors, we
get energy savings and provide protection
material
action
malefactors, technogenic factors, from influence
human factor. And also I want to be
air temperature control device.
property
from
lighting,
security
and
All of this can be managed with
remote control.

Smart home projects involve residential buildings that are equipped with high-tech devices and automation.

general description

The above expression should be understood as a system that provides resource saving and security, as well as comfort for each user. In the simplest case, she has the ability to recognize certain situations that occur in the house, as well as respond appropriately to them. Thus, one of the systems is able to control the behavior of others according to the developed algorithms. This is easier to understand if you can imagine that the heating system does not function against the air conditioning system. Heating of the house is carried out according to the weather and taking into account many other factors. Among the latter, one can single out the strength of the wind and the time of day. For example, at night the most comfortable temperature is lower than during the day. This concept can be called the most progressive in the interaction of a person with a living space. Smart home projects eliminate the need to use several remotes, switches and separate control units at once. This applies to watching television, lighting control, as well as burglar alarm and video surveillance systems.

Technology

Smart home designs can be based on multiple or single protocol/platform. With their help, the subsystems of the house are connected to a single network. LanDrive, for example, is the most affordable platform for bus-based distributed control systems today, including outdoor and indoor lighting, electrical appliances, power loads, air conditioning, access control, and water leaks. Among other things, it is possible to control video and audio equipment, roller shutters, pumps, home theaters, blinds, curtains and motors. Most often, such a system is used as part of a smart home, but recently it can increasingly be found as part of a system for saving and accounting for energy resources, access control for fire and security systems.

TELETASK is a protocol/bus designed for home automation of rooms and buildings where the owner stays for quite a long time. This includes hotels, cottages, offices and apartments. The X10 control protocol is designed to automate the control of electrical appliances. The signal is given by wires or in the radio range. Among the shortcomings, one can single out a low information transfer rate, the possibility of a false alarm problem, as well as the lack of feedback. 1-Wire is a technology that allows you to connect devices and sensors into a single network, which is controlled using a personal computer. A single wire is used to transmit information in this network. This technology is distinguished by ease of installation and low cost.

Air conditioning and heating system

Projects of "smart" houses assume the presence of air conditioning, heating and ventilation systems. With this technology, it is possible to ensure a constant temperature, the intensity of fresh air intake and a given level of humidity. Among other things, the technology is able to save energy through the economical use of the temperature of the internal environment. There may be mechanisms for automatically closing and opening windows to allow warm and cold air to enter at certain times of the day. The control takes place through the air conditioning network.

Lighting system

Considering the tasks of the Smart Home project, one can single out the highest degree of human comfort. Other technologies include a lighting system that controls the level of light. This technology is also used to save energy. It is possible to achieve this effect through the use of among the subsystems, one can single out automation for turning off and on the light at certain intervals of the day, motion sensors, automation for closing the opening of shutters, as well as adjusting the transparency of special glasses.

Power supply system

The goal of the Smart Home project, in addition to the above tasks, is also to provide an uninterrupted power supply to the electricity system. This is achieved by switching to alternative sources. Among the subsystems, industrial UPSs, as well as diesel generators, can be distinguished.

Safety system

This includes access control inside the building, video surveillance, monitoring systems by remote control, fire and burglar alarms. The system provides protection against leaks, the occurrence of which blocks the water supply when the room is flooded. Installation work involves the presence of special sensors and cranes that are able to detect problem situations. The owner can use the system of remote information about the situation in the house, at the facility or in the apartment. Management can be done using the phone.

Entrance to the house

The finished project of a "smart" home must necessarily involve meeting the owner by using appropriate technologies. Thus, lighting should be activated above the gate or front door. Management can be carried out using motion sensors, as well as radio key fobs. The last option allows you to turn on the lighting even before the entrance of the car.

Courtyard

When a project is drawn up using the Smart Home technology, a plan of the courtyard area is created. Control can be carried out in three ways at once, namely: using sensors, according to a schedule or using switches. There is a need to add the ability to control from the alarm. The smart home has the ability to indicate lighting groups and when they are used. For example, before 23:00, in case of motion detection, the system can activate the main lighting at full brightness. Whereas after the specified time, the intensity can be reduced by 50%. If the owner arrived after 24:00, then only the paths in the yard can light up.

entrance to the house

When compiling the "Smart Home" project (7th class of complexity), you can take into account the presence of a controller, which can be in one or more copies. It is necessary to process information coming from the intercom screen. It will be possible to talk with a person on any phone, since each device is connected to a micro-MTS. If there is no one at home, then the image of the guest will be immediately sent to the email, after which the host can decide whether to let the visitor inside or leave him without attention. The alarm will be turned off by dialing a secret code by phone.

Hallway

If you are considering a project on the topic "Smart Home", then you can not help but pay attention to the system of this part of the house turns on automatically at night. The technology relieves the owner of the need to use various kinds of buttons. On sale you can find all kinds of automation devices, they will allow you to analyze from which room and at what time a person went into the hallway. In this case, the light turns on at the required brightness level. Smooth switching does not lead to frequent burnout of the lamps, prolonging their service life. Such systems are most often installed in walk-through areas or rooms that are rarely used. The functional and creative project "Smart Home" provides for a useful device in the hallway, which is responsible for turning off all the lighting of the building by pressing just one button. After it is activated, you will not have to go around the entire territory to check the light. Among other things, pressing this button can turn off some outlets, which are most often connected to fire-hazardous devices such as irons.

Living room

The creative project "Smart Home" guarantees a comfortable stay in the most important room of the building. We are talking about the living room, which should have a lot of light. A home theater is often installed here. Here, up to 10 lighting groups are most often installed. Next to the light switches, it is advisable to arrange which are responsible for a specific light scene. For example, consider a pre-recorded sequence of actions, which is called a macro. If the family decides to watch a movie, then for this it will be necessary to sit on the sofa and press just one button. At the same time, the curtains are closed, certain groups of light are dimmed, and the rest are completely taken out of action. For the first two minutes, the backlight works at 50%, while after this time it goes out completely. When a creative project "Smart Home" (Grade 7) is drawn up, the technology of which may involve the presence of all the systems described above, then programming is provided using a remote control. Through this tool it is possible to control all the equipment.

Bedroom

This room must be one of the most comfortable. However, this is also where automation comes into play. Sometimes the owner goes to bed to read a book, but after a while he realizes that there is a need to turn off the light, as well as dim it in other rooms. Such raids before going to bed are not pleasant, but they still have to be done. With the Smart Home system, you can forget about this, since the bedroom is most often a button that disables all other lighting in the house. To do this, you can use a radio switch, which is mounted on the wall and has a thickness of 7 millimeters. Fixation of this element can be carried out on any surface, including the headboard. With this switch, you can control the curtains and lighting of the room itself.

In the bedroom, it is advisable to install another automation system that will be responsible for the temperature. During sleep, experts recommend maintaining its level in the range from 14 to 18 degrees. In the morning, getting out from under the covers in a cool indoor climate is not at all desirable. The Smart Home system can solve this problem. After lights out, the thermometer gradually reaches the required level, and closer to awakening it rises to a comfortable level during daytime wakefulness. In the summer, the air conditioner will be responsible for this, while in the winter, the solenoid valve. It adjusts the flow of coolant in the heating system. When a creative project "Smart Home" (grade 7) is being drawn up, the technology of which may include the presence of all the systems described in the article, the bedroom is most often equipped with a special touch panel responsible for lighting. It can also be used as an alarm clock. On the panel, the rise time can be set to, for example, 8:30. At 8:15 a.m., the main lighting in the bedroom may turn on at 30% of the normal brightness level. At 8:30, the lighting reaches 100% brightness, at the same time, the curtains can automatically open.

Bathroom

If you are considering a project on the topic: “Smart Home” (7th class of complexity), then you need to take care of a technological bathroom. With this system it will be convenient to control underfloor heating. Quite often, consumers are wondering why to control this system if it has its own temperature controller. You can answer this question by bringing a fact that indicates a high consumption of electricity by underfloor heating. Most of the time the system is not used, and if you turn it off at night, the savings will be significant. A "smart" home will turn the system off and on without assistance. It can be set to daily automatic adjustment. It will be possible to turn on such floors even by phone, sitting in the office, or on the way home from the car. It is especially convenient if the floors are controlled together with an alarm clock. For example, turning off can be done at 23:00, and turning on one hour before waking up.

Conclusion

If you decide to choose the Smart Home project for your housing, you will not be afraid of a problematic situation. If necessary, the technology system will allow you to turn off the water supply and gas supply, as well as electricity, which is very convenient for security. Little by little, these systems partially enter our lives. For example, in many private houses, modern lighting systems have already been installed that work due to motion sensors.

Films often show a living space that seems to take on a life of its own. Light bulbs light up at the wave of a hand, curtains open, after a certain word music plays. All this equipment is an intelligent home system, and we propose to consider how to make a smart home with your own hands, what is needed for this, and also what is the scheme of such a system.

Smart home - what is it

A smart home is home automation, which is a residential extension of building automation. Home automation can include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), home appliances, unlock gates, doors, GSM and other systems to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. It should be noted that for some categories of the population (the elderly, the disabled) this event may become necessary.

Photo - Smart home distribution ideas

Photo - Simple smart home

With the latest introduction of SMART technologies into our lives, many no longer imagine their lives without automatic installations, software equipment, we need wireless Internet, household appliances.

Home automation refers to the use of computer and information technology to control home appliances and their functions. It can range from simple remote lighting control to complex computer/micro-controller based networks with varying degrees of intelligence and automation. Home automation should preferably be as simple as possible.

Photo - Smart door lock

Benefits of using a smart home in an apartment based on PIC or WAVE:

Economical time spent on daily setting up various mechanisms, receiving calls, sending mail;
The use of gaseous or liquid fuels, and later the use of electricity, allowed increased automation in heating systems, reducing the labor required to manually refuel the heater and stove.
The development of thermostats made it possible to set up more automated control of heating, and later cooling;
So often the protection of industrial facilities, residential premises is carried out;
As the number of managed devices in a home increases, their relationship rises. For example, an oven can send notifications when it needs cleaning, or a refrigerator when it needs maintenance.
In simple installations, the smart can turn on the light when a person enters the room. Also, depending on the time of day, the TV can tune in to the desired channels, set the air temperature, lighting.

Smart Home can provide interface-access to home appliances or automation to provide control and monitoring on your smartphone, via a server, mini Smart for iPhone, iPod touch, as well as using a laptop computer (special software required: AVR Studio).

Photo - Home control via tablet

Video: Schneider Electric smart home system

Smart home elements

Home automation elements include sensors (such as temperature, daylight or motion detection), controllers, and actuators such as motorized valves, switches, motors, and others.

Photo - House control scheme

These are heating, ventilation and air conditioning, HVAC can control temperature and humidity, for example, the Internet control thermostat allows the homeowner to remotely control the heating and air conditioning systems of the building, the system can automatically open and close windows, turn on radiators and boilers, and underfloor heating.

Lighting

These lighting control mechanisms can be used to control household light appliances. Also here can be attributed the system of natural lighting, the work of blinds or curtains.

Photo - Scheme of a smart home

Audio visual

Remote Control Presence Effect (This is the latest technology used to increase security). It consists in lighting the light, musical accompaniment.
Imitation of presence
Temperature control
Brightness control (electric lamps, street lighting)
Security (alarm, blinds).

How to make a smart home

You can make an intelligent system with your own hands, the most budget option is to set up lighting control in the house or turn on a computer.

Photo - Smart home control option

To make a lamp that will “light up” by itself, you will need to connect special equipment to it. There are several options for solving this problem:

Install an acoustic relay (1 or x10-wire);
Connect dimmer;
Connect motion sensor.

The easiest way to work with the sensor. Its sale is carried out in any online store, you can buy a channel device, you can develop your own according to your own parameters. The only remark is that you cannot install an incandescent lamp with such a device, it may not withstand the load and explode, it is better to work with LED.

Photo - Smart home concept

Another "smart" silent option is a dimmer. Here you will need to touch the lamp, depending on the number of touches, the talking device will change the brightness. It is very convenient to use on the lamp in the bedroom, nursery.

To set up temperature control and regulation, we need a multi-channel system. The central temperature and humidity control circuit consists of:

Sensors (ds1820) that measure the physical state of the liquid, air.
Controllers (rfm12) which can be simple physical components and complex special purpose devices or embedded computers.
Lunex drives that respond to controller signals.

The most modern way is to buy all the components of a smart home, wires, thermostats. After installing the appliances in each room, one thermostat per radiator and one per boiler. You will also need a controlled unit, or the "brain" of the entire system. It is recommended to mount it on the heating inlet pipe.

Photo - Smart home system

The easiest way to install a video surveillance and alarm system. Fundamental provisions for the installation of security systems:

It is necessary to connect sensors on windows, doorways, where the electrician will be the most productive;
The board is the most difficult to select, the smart home controller, the operation of mediocre parts, the level of signals depend on it;
Many experts believe that indicators should be mounted at floor level. About 20 cm from the baseboard, this increases efficiency;
It is desirable to establish permanent monitoring, to establish a digital system of contact with the security service. Often, responsible owners install a special program on their personal computer that allows you to control the operation of the system from anywhere where there is an Internet connection (this is what Elena Teslya and her book: “Smart Home: How to Do it Yourself”, also have other solutions ). You can enable SMS alerts.

A smart home is a very convenient way to make your life easier, often the whole system is bought completely (Arduino, KNX, Linux).

The cost of each system is individual. The most popular brands are: beckhoff, gira, lpt, redeye, Smart Switch IOT screen, teleco. We recommend that before you build such housing, consult with experts, they will help you calculate the load level, calculate the power consumption.

Photo - Light control via phone

To get ideas, you can scroll through V.N. Gololobov's "Smart Home" with your own hands, DJVU or PDF, see our photo and video instructions for free, read the advice of famous masters.

Here is how it was. Mikhail from Krasnodar approached me with an offer to help develop a Smart Home system for his cottage. Mikhail explained that he pursues several goals at once:

Learn to program Arduino controllers, improve your knowledge in the field of electronics, systems engineering, algorithmization, etc. Those. learn how to develop fairly complex systems. He has experience with electronics, microcontrollers. But he forgot something, there is no fundamental knowledge, rather, he is not a professional in this area, but an amateur. He also wants to inspire his 14-year-old son with this work.
To get a workable system adapted to his task with a small material cost.
Gain experience in the development of "Smart Home" systems, study the specifics of tasks of this kind.

Mikhail has a 3-storey house where he plans to work out and operate the system. He is ready to gradually install controllers at home, test them, and gradually integrate them into the system.

I thought this would be the perfect topic for another series of Arduino tutorials. The Smart Home system is a distributed computing system:

with a wide variety of sensors;
with various types of actuators;
with a variety of regulators;
with several levels of data processing;
with various transmission media, including wireless technologies;
and so on, not to list everything.

Many have especially noted my lessons in which I developed . In these lessons, I did not give out a finished project, but developed the device in stages, explaining each step. The ”Smart Home” project cannot be developed in any other way. It's a very big task.

Michael and I agreed that:

It defines the terms of reference for each controller, defines all design features.
Together we develop electronic circuits of nodes.
Mikhail assembles controllers, constructively brings them to finished devices.
We write residential programs somewhere together, somewhere I am alone. How will it go.
I develop top level test programs (on a computer).
Mikhail tests all this on real objects.
We correct the programs, if necessary, and the controller remains installed on the object. Thus, the system will gradually grow.
Mikhail gives me all the test results, information about the objects we manage and all other materials.
I gradually, with explanations, post information on the site.

Michael wants to control everything that can be controlled. The system promises to be huge. In the future, it is planned to make options with completely wireless communication between controllers, different top-level implementation options are possible. I would like to believe that the new section of the site will be voluminous and popular.

In addition to tutorials, tutorials, I hope fully functional controllers will be developed. The Smart Home system, assembled on Arduino controllers, should be very cheap.

I have no experience in developing such systems, but when the project is tested on a real object, the experience comes by itself.

So, I will formulate the goals of the new section:

Educational articles, lessons on:
- development of a complex distributed computing system;
- connecting various sensors to Arduino boards;
- management of executive mechanisms;
- development of regulators;
- use of wireless technologies.
Practical experience related to the specifics of the development of "Smart Home" systems.
Workable designs of controllers from which a Smart Home system can be created.
I hope that in the end we will get a “popular” Smart Home system with an extremely low price.
The project will be conducted "in real time". Errors and improvements are possible.

Smart home control system.

By "Smart Home" is meant a hardware and software complex for automating and controlling various equipment in an apartment or house. The goal is to achieve optimal resource saving, safety, comfort. The system must recognize situations occurring in the home and react accordingly.

As a rule, "Smart Home" is the integration into a single system of several control subsystems:

heating, ventilation, air conditioning;
water supply;
lighting;
power supply;
ensuring safety and security;
control of complex household appliances.

The Internet is replete with proposals for the creation of "Smart Home" systems. Ready-made modules are offered, from which the user can synthesize the system himself. Many proposals for the installation of a turnkey system. According to my observations, the result is very simple systems that only allow you to manage something without getting up from the couch, or the price of the project can reach 2.5 - 3 million rubles.

Basic principles for the development of the "Smart Home" system.

So far, the following principles come to mind. Perhaps life will change them or add new ones.

Our goal is to develop a complex system from low cost components. As a result, we will use Arduino boards as controllers.
The system should be easy to expand. Controllers will be added as development progresses. System configuration, i.e. the number and types of controllers can be easily changed at any stage of development or operation.
The system consists of several decentralized subsystems connected into a single system in one node - the central controller. Those. the system is built on the principle of local regulators - controllers that independently perform tasks even in the absence of communication. For example, the water leakage control system independently shuts off the water in the event of an accident. But the water supply can also be controlled from a central controller.
The system can be expanded by segments with other networks, data transmission media, both at a lower level and at a higher one. For example, sensors or controllers can be connected to the local controller via its own network, including wireless. If I'm not mistaken, such networks are called heterogeneous. You can connect a computer to the central controller. This will be an extension of the system towards the top level.
We will use RS-485 as the main communication network. This is the cheapest and most reliable networking option.
In general, the local controllers will be powered from a separate 12 V network. This allows:
- simplify the system - no need for separate power supplies;
- simple ways to organize backup power from the battery;
- increase the reliability of the system - in case of a hangup of any controller, the central controller can reboot the local controllers by turning off the general power supply.
Statement of technical specifications for the development of local controllers will take place "at the place" of their installation. Those. we will not now plan and describe in detail which controllers are needed, which sensors or actuators to connect to them. When it comes time to develop a specific controller, we will see in which room it is installed, what elements need to be connected to it, etc.
The development of the system will take place “from below”. First of all, local controllers are developed. During the development phase, a computer will be used as the central controller.
- Those. we are developing a local controller.
- We install it on the object. We connect to the network.
- Using a computer and a special test program, we debug the local controller.
- Only when several local controllers have been developed and installed does it make sense to develop a central one. But even in this case, new local controllers will be tested using a computer.
As a network protocol, we will use the standard protocol.
System configuration will be done using a computer or tablet.
And the last rule is not to have any dogmatic rules. If practice shows that we made a mistake in some principles, then we must boldly cross them out and take new ones as a basis.

We will talk about all these principles when developing the elements of the system.

Control object.

I have already said that the system will be tested and operated at a specific facility. This is an already built townhouse (blocked development) with a plot of adjacent territory. The building consists of 3 floors and a technical adjoining room. The floor plan looks like this.

Previously, Mikhail set the following tasks and functions for the system.

Territory.

Light control (zonal, with optional autonomous mode). 315MHz wireless light control modules are used to which the signal is transmitted over the air from the controller through wireless communication modules.
Irrigation management (zonal). Mandatory control of soil moisture, on the basis of which watering can be blocked. A soil moisture sensor is used for monitoring.
Management of the access system (gate, barrier).
Measurement of weather conditions (temperature and humidity).

Residential premises.

Light control (for rooms + zonal).
Control of exhaust and supply ventilation (by premises). It works automatically, comparing the temperature and humidity of the air outside and inside the room, as well as with the possibility of a manual remote "override". Motor control from a relay module, humidity and temperature sensors DHT-22, as in paragraph 4
Control of air conditioners (by premises). IR emitters are used.
Management of watering systems for indoor plants (individual for watering points). Similar to item 2, but without weather control.
Control of blinds, curtains, etc. (individual). Relay control modules with end position sensors.
Temperature and humidity control (in rooms). Standard sensors DHT-22
Control of gas pollution (gas leakage, CO2, smoke) (according to "risk" premises).
Human presence control (by control rooms).
Management of power sockets and consumers (depending on the project and needs). Standard relay modules.
Management of multimedia devices.
Internet of things (state monitoring and control of individual devices - a refrigerator, for example).

Technical premises

Management of the centralized water supply system (including accounting).
Management of the centralized heating system (including accounting).
Centralized power supply management (including accounting).

Schematically, he depicted the tasks of the Smart Home system as follows.

All of these are just prerequisites. The functions of each local controller, and hence the entire system, will be determined at the stage of its development “on site”. I gave this list rather to show the scale of the project. As far as I understand, Mikhail adheres to the principle that the system should do everything that can be done.

On the site's forum, I will create a section to discuss the project. If the questions are voluminous, require the presentation of diagrams or sketches, please communicate there, and not in the comments.

With the development of technology and various electronic devices, it becomes possible to completely transfer the control of systems located in apartments and houses to automatic offline mode. Smart home what is it? So, for starters, let's define what a smart home system is. This is an innovative advanced system of full or partial automation of various engineering systems of a living space aimed at home comfort without mechanical human intervention. The integrated smart home control system can control and turn on and off the equipment included in it at the right time, as well as inform the owner about it.

Smart home features

This automatic complex can control the following equipment and perform the following operations, in other words, we list the capabilities of the system:

Constant monitoring and control of the safety of the residential premises and the local area. This possibility can include video surveillance systems, as well as a number of measures related to unauthorized entry. The security circuit, including the siren, can send a signal in parallel to the security service;
Fire safety;
Control and maintenance of the set temperature inside a separate room or the entire room. This is achieved by proper operation in the established modes of heating equipment, air conditioners, ventilation;
Power supply control and switching on of a backup source in the event of a power outage. This includes uninterruptible power supplies, stabilizers.
Organization of correct and cost-effective water supply. This applies to both cold and hot water. This function may also have sensors that respond to the rupture of water pipes or their flow;
Management, during the arrival, departure or at the time of the absence of the owners of lighting. This equipment is divided into emergency and working lighting. During the absence of the owners, it can turn on the lighting in order to reproduce the process of the presence of people in the house, and thereby scare off intruders and thieves from the home;
Continuous round-the-clock monitoring of the functioning of all included systems;
Transfer to automatic mode of household appliances, telecommunications, and various multimedia equipment;
Watering lawns and gardens in hot weather, feeding pets and fish.

The smart home system is aimed not only at controlling and switching all equipment in the house, but also at their economic use, that is, at reducing energy costs. The operation of this system is very relevant in the case of a person living in a room or people with disabilities. For intelligent control and management, computer technology and specially developed programs are used for this.

Smart home equipment

The market of modern devices and systems aimed at automation is filled with both high-quality products and fakes, so if a person decides to bring the system to life, then saving on quality is not recommended. In principle, it is not a problem to create a brief description, indicate the necessary nodes on the floor plan.

The list of equipment that can be used in organizing and setting up a smart home:

Switches for lighting and power sockets;
All kinds of dimmers to adjust the brightness of lighting;
Blinds and shutters control equipment;
Sensors for motion, light, temperature, fire, atmospheric pressure, water leakage, presence, etc. Sensors for a smart home should be chosen only reliable, as this is the main tool for the system;
Telephone line converter;
Intercom line converter;
Microphone with AGC and ADC (serves as voice control for a smart home);
GSM module;
IR receiver and transmitter;
IR RF repeater;
Voltage meter;
Stabilizer and uninterruptible power supply;
Current meter;
Device for control and interface touch or push-button. A password is often set on the control equipment;
Frequency meter;
Ball valves with electric drive.

How smart home works

For the automatic operation of all systems included in the smart home complex, modern electronic sensors, a controller, as well as related equipment are used. All of them are connected into one single control chain, with the help of which the above processes occur. That is, depending on the selected equipment, certain sensors are used. Smart home technologies may differ slightly from each other, but their main function is still automation. For example, in order to turn on certain lamps, which the owner himself chooses, they must be connected through solar activity sensors, that is, they react to the illumination inside or outside the room. In addition, lighting equipment can respond to the presence of a person and turn on or off when he comes and goes without affecting the light switch.

Approximately the same principle works and the heating system and air conditioners. Sensors are located throughout the house that respond to temperature changes, the owner only has to set the optimal temperature for him in the entire room or in each of the rooms, and the smart home will decide and make the right choice whether to turn on cooling, heating or just ventilation . The same situation is with the humidity parameters.

All information from sensors, actuators, energy and water supply, as well as from security equipment is sent to the central controller (processor), which is the brain of the entire system.

All systems can be divided into:

Informative sensors and cameras;
CPU;
Actuators (all kinds of electric valves and gate valves);
Systems of control and management over all these processes.

Smart home design

Of course, the installation and design of a smart home is a simple matter and it is better to lay it on the shoulders of professionals, since it will require the installation and installation of a large number of sensors around the entire perimeter of the room and the local area. The smart home system for an apartment is less expensive, but of course, it all depends on the wishes of the client and his financial capabilities.

Installation can be divided into three stages:

Connection and interfacing into a single system of all devices and equipment existing in the room. This is done through the use of connecting cords or radio waves, as well as special software;
Sensors are being installed and adjusted that will indicate the state of this or that equipment, for example, whether curtains, blinds or entrance gates are closed;
Pairing all these systems with a microcontroller, that is, with the brain of a smart home, it will send a signal to the owner about the execution, receive a remote signal to control this equipment, and also carry out measures aimed at saving costs. In some cases, designers also recommend installing shut-off emergency dampers or valves on the inlet pipes of water supply and gas supply, as well as on their communication outlets. In the event of an emergency and if the owner does not confirm the permission signal to close, the controller itself will be able to block or turn off the desired supply of a particular source. The problem situation can be false, we must not forget about it. In any case, there is a choice whether to control it via the Internet or by radio signal, using a smartphone or a special remote control.

There are several ways to implement the idea of a smart home:

Purchase of a ready-made project, as well as turnkey installation, which is offered by many companies;
Acquisition of a ready-made modular kit and integration into the existing system at home;
To create the entire system yourself, that is, to develop, design, complete, and also install the system "from scratch" on your own. Either way, it's creative work.

Before making a decision, it is recommended to evaluate both your own capabilities and strengths for do-it-yourself installation, and consult on the cost of a turnkey installation in a particular region or country. Installation of a smart home system, design, and installation can be carried out both in a complex and one by one. Prices for these services and products can vary greatly, so a long choice is inevitable. Comparison of smart home systems is aimed at guaranteeing its operation, as well as the likelihood of an erroneous or false alarm. These are the main criteria to consider when choosing.

Video installation and configuration of a smart home

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