Facade wall construction. Ventilated facade is a technology for mounting hinged facade systems with an air gap. Laying thermal and waterproofing

Installation of a ventilated facade is a complex process that requires a qualified approach and professional skills. Otherwise, the cladding of the building will look of poor quality.

Based on practical experience, we can safely say that the damage that appears on ventilated facades during 3-4 years of operation is the result of the incompetence of the construction team.

In addition to defects that occur on the facade of the building due to illiterate installation, poorly installed composite panels can be torn off by strong winds.

For these reasons, the installation of ventilated facades must be carried out under the supervision of a qualified specialist who has sufficient experience in handling curtain types of facades and is able to guide the actions of the construction team in stages.

Below is how to mount the ventilation facade correctly.

Instructions for installing ventilated facades

Installation of hinged facades is carried out in compliance with a certain sequence of actions. This will require the following accessories:

• ventilated facade kit;
• electric drill;
• screwdriver or screwdriver;
• construction knife;
• parapet plumb line;
• laser level;
• roulette;
• indelible paint (for marking).

Before installation work, it will be necessary to carry out preparatory procedures, which include the following steps:

1. Fence off the area where construction work is being carried out so that outsiders do not accidentally get into this area. The distance between the fence and the building must be at least 4 m.
2. When installing the lifts required for installation work, you will need to inspect them for breakdowns and malfunctions.
3. The construction site should be equipped with special rooms for inventory. Facade panels will be prepared and frame structures will be assembled in them. Some of the premises will be used as a warehouse for equipment.

It is worth paying attention: the installation of ventilated facades in conditions of dense fog, strong winds and heavy precipitation is strictly prohibited.

Marking points for mounting brackets

Before the placement of the support profiles begins, it will be necessary to mark the external area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building for proper mounting of the brackets.

When marking points, you need to focus on the manual that comes with the set of composite facade panels. The default vertical spacing between brackets is 50 cm.

The horizontal interval is more variable, so it is calculated based on the width of the facade cassettes.

First you need to make marks along the edges of the wall area intended for mounting the ventilation facade. Vertical marking is carried out using plumb lines, and horizontal using a level.

In this case, marks must be made with paint that will not wash off under the influence of moisture. The remaining points should be marked with a measuring device, a laser level and parapet plumb lines, observing the same interval. After that, you can proceed to the installation of brackets.

Installing the support brackets

Installation should be carried out in stages:

• using a construction drill, it is necessary to drill holes in the marked points of the wall;
• before the installation of the brackets begins, it is necessary to place the paronite gaskets with dowels;
• installation of the support brackets of the ventilation facade is carried out by means of anchor dowels, which are fixed with a special screwdriver.

Installation of thermal insulation and wind protection

Arrangement of thermal insulation and wind protection is carried out as follows:

• vertical slots are made in the thermal insulation for the extensions of the brackets, after which it is tightly placed on them;
• on top of the thermal insulation, a wind protection fabric is placed in the same way, which must be temporarily strengthened;
• on top of the wind protection, openings are drilled for fungal dowels, which are nailed in 5 places of the insulation plate.

The heat engineering calculation scheme indicated in the manual of the heat-insulating kit will help determine the required thickness of the insulation. Fungal dowels should be nailed no closer than 5 cm to the edges of the heat insulator.

Placement of thermal insulation is carried out from the lower part of the facade, thus further insulation is carried out towards the upper part of the building.

Insulation plates are placed in a checkerboard pattern so that large gaps do not form between them. The maximum distance between the plates should not exceed 2 mm.

It is necessary to securely strengthen the insulation during installation work, as it can easily be torn off by the wind due to the ultra-lightness of the heat-insulating material (polystyrene foam, polystyrene).

Important to know: the edges of additional plates will need to be cut with a special knife. It is not recommended to break them off manually due to the peculiarities of the structure of the insulation.

If the thermal insulation is applied in 2 layers, it is necessary to attach the 1st layer with 3 dowels-fungi. The 2nd layer is attached according to the same principle as single-layer insulation. In this case, it will be necessary to slightly shift the heat insulator so that it covers the horizontal and vertical seams of the inner slab.

Installation of support profiles

It is necessary to insert the support profiles into the grooves of the retractable brackets and fix them with special rivets. When attaching the bracket to the pull-out, it is necessary to place the support profile more freely, which will compensate for thermal deformation when moving vertically. The recommended gap in the joint areas is 8-10 mm.

When installing ventilated facades, be sure to take care of the fire safety of the interior. For this, fire compartments are placed.

Ventilated facade: technology for installing cassettes from various materials

Composite panels of ventilated facades are made of various materials, including ceramic granite and aluminum.

The technology of installation of a ventilation facade based on ceramic granite is carried out in the following order:

1. Marking is made for the holes on the support profiles, where the clamps will be fixed in the future.
2. Holes are drilled along the edges of the ventilation facade cassettes using an electric drill. Their value should be 0.25 mm larger than the diameter of the rivet.

Ventilated hinged facade - installation technology, video:

With the help of rivets, clamps are attached to the crate structure. At the same time, facade cassettes made of ceramic granite are being installed. They are fastened with self-tapping screws supplied with the ventilation façade.

The installation scheme of the aluminum ventilation facade is determined based on the type of panel fastening, which can be either with or without a lock.

Before fixing the panel, it is necessary to stick double-sided adhesive tape on the lock, which is designed to strengthen the fasteners.

Make sure that the composite panels have a tight connection with the frame. There should be no gaps and distortions exceeding the allowable rate. All work must be done carefully, as aluminum is easy to scratch and dent.

The price of a ventilated facade with installation

The cost of a ventilated facade along with installation depends both on the size of the area for arrangement and on the material of the composite panels.

The average price for the installation of an aluminum ventilation facade is 1500 R/m 2 . This value increases if the facade panels are made of porcelain stoneware or wood-polymer material, since their price is much more expensive than metal ventilated facades.

Ventilated facades are very popular among private developers. The considered design allows you to simultaneously provide high-quality insulation and a beautiful appearance of a residential building. Anyone can cope with the arrangement of a ventilated facade with their own hands. However, before starting work, you need to consider the main features of the system and select materials for assembling the crate, wall insulation and finishing cladding.

First of all, you need to study the features of hinged ventilated structures and understand their main purpose.

Ideally, the final decorative coating should have good vapor permeability. In the course of their life, people also emit a lot of moisture: cooking, bath procedures and other household activities - all this leads to an increase in air humidity. Some of the moisture leaves through the ventilation system along with the exhaust air, while the remaining moisture must exit through the pores in the facing material.

The vapor barrier should be designed in such a way that the wall material is as vapor-permeable as possible inside the room and has a minimum outside performance. This rule is relevant for facades of any type. Violation of this recommendation usually leads to a deterioration in the heat-insulating qualities of the walls and a decrease in their durability.

At the same time, the facade of the house must be reliably protected from atmospheric precipitation. In this case, it is best that the outer part of the walls does not get wet, because. this will lead to a reduction in the service life of the structure.

Some logical contradiction follows from the given information. But there is a completely understandable and simple solution: to ensure optimal waterproofing and vapor permeability, the protective facade coating must be fixed at a certain distance from the wall surface, while ensuring high-quality ventilation of the gap. It is this design that is commonly called a ventilated facade.

The hinged ventilated facade is assembled from several elements, namely:

• first, a crate is attached to the surface to be trimmed, after which the gaps between its elements are filled with facade insulation;

  

• a vapor-permeable film is laid over the thermal insulation. At the same time, it will perform the functions of protection from wind and atmospheric moisture;

  

• an air gap is created, which is responsible for the ventilation of the facade. The recommended gap thickness is about 40 mm. At the top of the facade, you should create vents of the same size. This will ensure the most efficient ventilation of the structure;
• the selected decorative coating is fixed. The outer layer must simultaneously give the facade an attractive appearance and protect the thermal insulation from various kinds of adverse effects.

  

  

Advantages and disadvantages of the design

Hinged ventilated structures have a number of advantages. But, as in principle, and all existing ones, such systems have some drawbacks.

Advantages

Among the main advantages of ventilated facades are the following provisions:

• insulation allows you to significantly save on heating the house;
• waterproofing in combination with a ventilation gap eliminates the risk of moisture retention on the walls, which contributes to a significant increase in the service life of the materials used;
• ease of arrangement. You can handle the installation of all elements of a ventilated facade with your own hands;
• increase in soundproof properties of walls.

disadvantages

Among the shortcomings, moreover relative, can only be attributed to the high cost of construction. However, at this point, it is imperative to pay attention to the significant reduction in heating costs after installing a ventilated facade. All expenses for insulation, cladding and other things pay off quickly enough.

In order for the finished structure to maintain its high performance characteristics for a long time, for its arrangement it is necessary, firstly, to use high-quality materials, and secondly, to follow the installation rules for all components. Follow the instructions and there will be no problems.

Do not save on the purchase of building and finishing materials. Quality material cannot cost much less than its average market value. Buy all the necessary items in trusted places, giving preference to well-known manufacturers.

Pay due attention to the choice of facing material. For example, tile in its many varieties is very well suited for facade decoration. However, the tile has a very big problem - the separation of at least one element of the cladding leads to the so-called. "domino effect", as a result of which a normal gust of wind can also tear off nearby tiles.

As a result, a hole will appear, due to which the characteristics of the entire structure will decrease. Therefore, if possible, it is recommended to refuse such cladding.

The best option for finishing cladding for ventilated facades is siding. Subject to proper installation, the appearance, service life and other important characteristics of such a finish will not be inferior to other popular materials. You will receive more detailed information about the properties of siding below.

Material selection

As noted, the materials for arranging a ventilated facade must be of exceptionally high quality.

thermal insulation

The following materials can be used to insulate the facade:

• Styrofoam . A popular material with excellent thermal insulation performance. The material does not absorb moisture and does not lose its properties under its influence. This allows you to somewhat mitigate the requirements for waterproofing. However, such hygroscopicity is also a disadvantage of the foam, which consists in poor vapor permeability and. A layer of such thermal insulation will practically not let steam through, which is not very good;

  

• polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene. These materials have a slightly higher strength compared to ordinary foam, but this indicator does not affect the quality of the insulation. At the same time, the cost of the materials under consideration significantly exceeds the price of foam plastic. Vapor permeability remains at the same sad level;

  

• mineral wool insulation. These heat insulators are the most popular. The material passes steam well, is characterized by excellent rigidity, great durability, high heat and noise insulation and properties. However, mineral wool does not tolerate contact with moisture quite well, so waterproofing issues must be approached with the utmost responsibility.

  

For the installation of the crate, a high-quality wooden beam with a cross section of 4x4 cm is most often used. In some situations, for example, when arranging a ventilated facade of a brick house, it is preferable to assemble the crate from a galvanized drywall profile.

At this point, be guided by the features of your structure and personal preferences. Wood before use must be impregnated with antiseptic agents.

Finishing

The undisputed champion of this market segment has already been mentioned - vinyl siding. The material has many advantages over existing alternatives, namely:

Ventilated façade installation manual

First step. Collect the crate. Fasten the bars to the wall vertically, in increments of a couple of centimeters less than the width of the insulation boards. It is more convenient to first fix the extreme rails, pull the twine between them and, guided by the rope, fix the intermediate elements at the same level.

Second step. Lay the insulation in a spacer between the laths of the crate.

Third step. Cover the insulation with a vapor barrier membrane. Lay the vapor barrier strips horizontally with an overlap of about 10 cm.

Fourth step. Stuff the perpendicular bars of the counter-batten over the laths of the crate. This will create the required ventilation gap.

Fifth step. Attach the siding to the finished crate. The cladding is made of polyvinyl chloride. This material changes its size with temperature changes, so rigid fastening of the planks is unacceptable. Between the panels it is necessary to leave a small gap (3-5 mm). Fasteners hammer (screw) without reaching the end by about 2 mm. Fasteners must be placed strictly in the center of the holes intended for them.

To make the work as easy as possible, and the finished ventilated facade retains its original characteristics for a long time, follow a few simple recommendations of professional builders.

Thus, there is nothing super complicated in the independent arrangement of a ventilated facade. It is enough to understand the basics of work, choose the most suitable materials and carry out all the planned activities in accordance with the instructions. Do not forget the recommendations received, and the ventilated facade of your house will serve as long as possible, retaining its original performance characteristics.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself ventilated facade

The principal device of a hinged ventilated facade

A well-designed, hinged ventilated facade will protect the walls for many decades. But often installers, in an effort to reduce the cost of this complex, and therefore rather expensive system, replace some materials with others and deliberately violate the rules.

About what such false savings can result in and how to avoid mistakes when installing a hinged ventilated facade, and will be discussed in this article.

A well-designed and well-installed hinged ventilated facade will not need to be repaired for at least 30 years. At the same time, the choice of the facade system should be approached rationally. So, the basement of a building, as a rule, is more reasonable just to tile. This will significantly reduce the cost of finishing.

Finishing buildings with hinged ventilated facades is becoming increasingly popular, both in private housing construction and in the construction of commercial buildings. Such a system is a kind of "coat" for the house.

Basalt insulation is attached directly to the walls, protected by a special wind and moisture protective membrane. Facing slabs (it can be porcelain stoneware, natural or agglomerated stone, metal cassettes, cassettes made of composite materials, fiber cement panels, steel or aluminum structures, etc.) are mounted on a supporting frame with some clearance. Its value (in the range from 20 to 40 mm) is determined in each case to ensure optimal air exchange.

The thickness of the insulation is selected based on the requirements for thermal protection of buildings. When these conditions are met, the dew point is transferred from the supporting structure to the insulation.

The wrong choice of insulation and its illiterate installation lead to the fact that the material gets wet and falls, clogging the ventilation gap.

Advantages and disadvantages of using a hinged ventilated facade

What is the advantage of such a seemingly complex and, therefore, expensive façade finishing system? First of all, this design does not allow condensation to accumulate either on the surface of the wall or inside it. The air gap is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades do not freeze through in winter and do not overheat in summer, and this helps to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the cladding, which, by the way, cannot be said about the most common finishing material - plaster. Properly installed hinged facade will last more than 50 years.

The system of hinged facades allows finishing buildings of rather complex shapes. In the hinged cladding, you can embody any design fantasies. But some elements are too labor intensive.

And yet, despite the obvious advantages, ventilated facades have not yet become widespread in suburban construction. Many are put off by the seeming high cost. Yes, 1 m² of such cladding will cost at least 2,000 rubles, and if you use natural stone, the price can reach 6,000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to consider that the operation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years, the hinged facade fully pays for itself.

Of course, a curtain wall system will only work if it is well designed and well installed. Theoretically, a ventilated facade system should be included in the design of the house, so that there is time for calculating the supporting structure and ordering facing slabs. But in practice, this is not always the case. Often it is necessary to “dress” an already rebuilt building in a hinged finish. In this case, the material of the walls must be taken into account. Support brackets for metal battens hold best in concrete and solid brick. Things are a little worse with hollow bricks. But cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. To finish walls made of loose, porous materials, it is more expedient to choose a system of “wet” facades (plastering or tiling).

To minimize the work of trimming the slabs, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cell) when designing the facade system. It is by no means equal to the size of the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account gaps with a width of 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).

We also note that facing tiles of small sizes (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) are not economically viable - too many fasteners will be required for its installation. Yes, and such a wall does not look very good - the facade of the house will resemble a sheet of a school notebook in a box. A tile of 600 x 600 mm is considered optimal, but it is important to consider that this is an average size. The actual spread from different manufacturers is from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Having given preference to a particular collection, you should find out its exact parameters.

1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (bracing fasteners); 3. The gasket is thermally insulating; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer ordinary; 9. Klyammer starting; 10. Heat-insulating material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic dish-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Exhaust rivet.

Ventilated facade fixing systems

Detailed consideration requires the choice of fasteners. As you know, there are two mounting systems - hidden and open.

The first option is metal clamps covering the plate from above and below. The second is anchor bolts that are inserted into non-through holes drilled in the slab and open there like flower petals.

Sometimes mounting elements do not spoil the appearance of the cladding, but, on the contrary, add expressiveness to it.

The use of a hidden fastening system is far from always justified: for example, in areas of the facade that carry a high aesthetic load. And the point is not only that this fastener costs twice as much as the visible one. If the tile fixed in this way is damaged, the entire vertical row will have to be disassembled for repair. Replacing a cladding unit that has been installed openly is uncommonly easier.

Clamps painted to match the color of the tiles are almost invisible on the facade

Poor quality fasteners lead to the loss of facing tiles.

Heaters for suspended ventilation facades

The next important issue is the choice of thermal insulation. Only insulation can be placed under the hinged cladding, which has a technical certificate from the Gosstroy of Russia, allowing its use specifically in ventilated systems. Mineral wool is considered optimal in all respects. The use of non-core materials (for example, glass wool) will lead to the fact that the insulation is saturated with moisture, becomes heavier and settles, reducing or even blocking the air gap.

To protect the thermal insulation material, only a special vapor barrier membrane can be used.

If you try to protect the thermal insulation with polyethylene or foil (that is, materials that do not allow vapor to pass through), then this will not only not solve the problem, but will also disrupt the operation of the ventilated facade, which, as you know, should “breathe”. The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will pass the moisture released by the walls to the outside, but prevent atmospheric moisture from penetrating inside.

In addition to the insulation, an important role in providing thermal protection is played by thermal breaks - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity: polypropylene, polyamide, comatex, etc. Paronite gaskets are not allowed, since it does not have thermal insulation properties.

Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to dampen vibrations and keep the cladding from lateral shift. But their use leads to a decrease in the period of maintenance-free operation of the system, since the seals have a short working life (about 10 years). The reduction of vibration and the exclusion of lateral shift of the facing panels must be ensured by the design of the fasteners.

Installation of ventilated facades

Unfortunately, even the most competent project of a ventilated facade can be nullified by poor-quality installation. The most common mistake is a violation of the geometry of the facade. The cladding should be even, even if the relief of the walls is far from ideal. In addition, the panels should not move relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.

Paradoxical as it may seem, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly into the masonry seam of wall elements.

Installation of a ventilated facade. The surface of the cladding must be perfectly flat, with exact observance of the thickness of the seams.

Failure to comply with the normative thickness of the seam leads to the fact that the tiles begin to put pressure on each other, crack and fly off. And if the tile is mounted with a deviation from the plane, it will be noticeable in sunlight.

Many builders sin by non-compliance with the standard thickness of the seam. Installed end-to-end, the tiles, due to temperature deformations, begin to put pressure on each other, crack and fall out. And the insulation, in the absence of proper ventilation, gets wet, freezes and slides off the walls. Too large a gap between the cladding panels will lead to excessive wetting of the thermal insulation by atmospheric precipitation.

Particular attention should be paid to the design of window openings.

Now on the Russian market there are many types of hinged facades. Unfortunately, many domestic manufacturers follow a simple path, exactly copying foreign systems. Meanwhile, what works well in the mild climate of Germany or France may not survive our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and hence the distance from the cladding to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly greater than in Europe.

In addition, some companies, in an effort to reduce the cost of the system, often use dubious materials in the construction, in particular galvanized steel, which is poorly protected from corrosion. The best metals for ventilated facades are stainless steel and aluminum. But for fixing plates, especially heavy ones, only stainless steel is suitable. Aluminum brackets do not have the necessary strength.

The device of a ventilated facade is a responsible event, the correct implementation of which depends on the observance of technological nuances and the choice of a material suitable for work. This design is designed to improve the technical characteristics of the object and save it from numerous problems. Due to the presence of a gap between the cladding and the base, air flows freely circulate without violating the protective properties of the surface.

Ventilated facades play an important role in maintaining the durability and reliability of the building. The fact is that it is thanks to their device that the walls do not lose the possibility of free steam exchange. Simply put, they breathe. This avoids the accumulation of moisture, which leads to the destruction of the structure, as well as the appearance of mold and mildew. A "cushion" is formed, which protects the building from seasonal temperature fluctuations and creates a more comfortable environment for indoor living.

What is such a construction? A ventilation facade is an external cladding of a private or multi-storey building, which has a technical gap between the base (insulation) and the finishing material. Additionally, there are holes in the front part that provide free air flow.

To arrange a ventilated facade with your own hands for a cottage or house, you do not need to have special skills and use sophisticated equipment. But work with industrial, warehouse or high-rise residential buildings requires special approvals and calculations, depending on the specifics of the object.

Varieties of designs

Existing types of ventilated facades differ in the materials used and the general installation technology.

Frame option

This is the simplest and most popular method. Its peculiarity is that a metal, wooden or combined crate is being erected along the perimeter of the building. It may include a number of layers that are needed to keep warm, protect the house from excess moisture and better vapor exchange.

When building a frame, the following materials are used as external cladding:

1. Porcelain tile. This is a product of artificial origin, made from pressed and fired clay. It is produced in the form of plates, which are characterized by high weight and good resistance to impact. The peculiarity of fastening porcelain stoneware is that the elements are installed on the frame using special clamps (brackets). Gaps are formed between the fragments, which contribute to better ventilation. But this option needs enhanced protection against moisture penetration.
2. Composite or other types of panels. The production technology makes it possible to obtain a reliable and lightweight material that has excellent properties. Panels can be mounted in various ways that allow you to create an open or closed joint. At the same time, open gaps can be equipped with a special moisture barrier.
3. Glass panels. They are mainly used when working with multi-storey office or industrial facilities. Difficult to operate, so installation is carried out only by professionals.

Advantages and disadvantages of frame ventilated facades

Frame structures have a number of advantages that distinguish them from other ways to create external cladding.

Advantages:

• Fast erection. If all components are present, installation can be carried out in a short time. In addition, if the wall is without significant damage, serious preparation is not needed.
• Protection. The design reliably protects the house from various kinds of influences, and also increases durability, since there is no moisture stagnation due to free vapor permeability.
• Decorative. Thanks to a rich assortment of materials for cladding, you can choose an option that will meet all requirements and preferences.

There are also disadvantages:

• The need for accurate and correct execution of work. It is technical errors (inappropriate gap size, lack of additional ventilation holes) that lead to undesirable consequences.
• Difficulty when using products that are laid on glue. So, the use of artificial and natural stone or clinker tiles is very difficult. But there is a way out: when choosing such products, the frame is pre-strengthened and sheathed with tiled materials. The work must be carried out with great care, because serious requirements are imposed on the design.

In any case, ventilated facades are gaining more and more popularity. This is facilitated by a variety of finishing products and durability of the surface. External cladding, with a properly erected frame, can be easily replaced with a more modern one.

It is used in the absence of crates. This technology involves the use of materials that are installed at some distance from the surface. A classic example is facing brick. The masonry is mounted so that a ventilation gap is formed. For its functioning in the lower and upper rows of bricks, areas without mortar are left between the parts. Often the top row is laid out with a gap, which is covered by a decorative strip.

On a note! This method is more labor intensive. To obtain a high-quality result, it is necessary to observe many nuances, including the correct distribution of a reinforcing or wire bundle. Therefore, the first option is preferable, especially when performed independently.

Features of the device of a ventilated facade

Such facades have a certain device scheme that should not be violated:

1. The top layer is a lining of any suitable material. It is impossible to allow the creation of a continuous coating, completely devoid of holes.
2. Frame racks. They hold the finish with special fasteners.
3. ventilation gap. It is he who creates the desired effect and protects the structure from the accumulation of moisture and temperature changes.
4. Membrane. Closes the thermal insulation material and promotes vapor permeability.
5. insulation layer. For this purpose, suitable products are used.
6. Frame fixation. Brackets are installed in different ways, fastening directly to the base is considered preferable.

When an object is located near a source of strong noise, an additional layer of sound insulation is laid.

Mounting technology

To create a ventilated structure with your own hands, you must perform a series of sequential steps.

The result will be a facade that will reliably protect the house from various influences and create a special microclimate.

Ventilated facades are becoming increasingly popular in modern construction. Requirements for the exterior decoration of buildings include the solution of many tasks from functional to aesthetic. It is the use of a metal frame with fixed decorative cladding panels that often becomes the only right decision. The frame is usually steel or aluminum, with the help of special hardware, it is installed outside a one- or multi-story building for private or commercial purposes. Then special materials are mounted to create ventilated facades, the performance of which is significantly superior to traditional plasters and paints.

The main distinguishing properties of ventilated facades:

• Technology versatility. Hinged ventilated facades are successfully used for exterior decoration of buildings of any purpose and type.
• Installation speed. Facades of this type are mounted on the building without special preliminary preparation of the construction object.
• Protective functions. The hinged facade in finished form is a kind of building shell, which successfully protects the entire structure from atmospheric and other destructive environmental factors.
• Exterior variety. With the help of hinged ventilated facades, it is possible to create almost any form and texture accepted in modern architecture or imitating antiquity. The outer surface of the walls can be lined with ceramic tiles, plastic panels, wood, etc.
• Ease of repair. Damaged structural elements can be easily dismantled and replaced with new ones.
• Suitability for restoration work. Dilapidated and destroyed facades can be successfully repaired with this technology.
• Durability. The service life of ventilation facades is more than 30 years.
• thermal insulation properties. The layered structure and the special properties of the materials used make it possible to save on heating and cooling of buildings equipped with these facades.

Ventilated facade design

Fixing system. The ventilation façade fastening system consists of dowels and screws (anchoring elements), special fasteners, as well as connection elements (bearing profiles and brackets). Adjustment of the distance between the guides and the wall is carried out by means of aluminum brackets passed through the insulation layer. Thus, there is no need to pre-align the walls before mounting the hinged facade.

Insulation. The heat-insulating layer of the hinged facade can be made of a variety of materials. However, most often, builders choose double-density mineral wool boards as insulation.

Moisture and windproof membrane. The insulating layer is covered from above with a special membrane. It protects the vulnerable layer of the ventilated façade from strong air currents. It also protects the structure from absorption of atmospheric moisture during precipitation or seasonal increase in relative humidity and other adverse environmental influences.

Air layer. The layer of air gives the design the special properties of a thermos. Thanks to this design feature of the ventilated facade, the interior of the building is protected from temperature effects and their significant fluctuations in the off-season. Such rooms keep heat for a long time in winter and slowly heat up in the heat of summer.

Finishing. A wide variety of materials are used for cladding. Their range is wide and varied, it allows you to realize almost any design fantasy. These can be porcelain stoneware slabs, fiber cement slabs and composite materials. Lightweight plastic panels such as vinyl siding. As well as heavy-duty and wear-resistant steel panels coated with a layer of zinc. The color scale and the choice of the texture of the facing material, without exaggeration, is endless.

Mounting Features. How is a ventilated facade arranged?

The preparatory stage for the installation of a hinged ventilated facade is needed when the building is old and dilapidated. It is necessary to remove all removable unnecessary structures from the external walls (old signs, billboards and their elements, lighting fixtures, brackets and decorative elements). Also, if necessary, tear off a layer of lagging plaster or other peeling parts of a decor that has become unusable. It is also necessary to putty significant cracks and chips, traces of other relatively deep destruction on the bearing walls.

Next, you should proceed to the marking and placement of beacons under the ventilated facade. Note that for most new buildings, the preparatory stage is not required. After all, insignificant irregularities of the draft facade will be successfully extinguished by a special design of fasteners and soft insulation.

After marking and arranging the beacons, a frame made of a metal profile is mounted. The choice of profile depends on the severity of the materials that will later be fixed on it, as well as on the operating conditions of the building. Most frames are made of stainless steel, galvanized steel or lightweight aluminium. The anti-corrosion properties, durability and reliability of these materials make it possible to guarantee the service life of the ventilated façade for at least 3 decades.

Much attention should be paid to the features of fasteners. The greater the load is planned on the anchor, the stronger it should be buried in the wall, the larger its diameter should be. It is also important to consider the material from which the load-bearing wall is made, its thickness. The correct choice of fasteners will distribute the load properly, protect the walls from excessive forces, and protect them from deformation and destruction.

Materials of hinged facades are fastened in two ways: visible and hidden. In the first case, clamps with flat paws are used. If desired, they are selected by color or painted in the color of the facing material. This is a more economical way. In the second, self-expanding anchors (collets) are used, which are more expensive than standard fasteners.

Together with the installation of a metal profile, other functional structures are fixed on the wall. For example, sewer brackets, flashings and slopes, and other necessary external building equipment. Thermal pads are installed at the junctions of the brackets with the base, which serve to reduce heat transfer.

An important part of the design of the VF is a heater. Insulation plates should be installed starting from the bottom row. They should fit snugly enough to each other in both vertical and horizontal directions.

If the ventilation facade during the operation of the building must perform an essential function of thermal insulation, then 2 layers of insulation are installed. It is desirable that the layers of insulation differ, both in physical and geometric parameters. Then, closer to the wall, a softer and more pliable material is installed that can absorb the unevenness of the draft wall. And for the top layer of the "pie" use a more dense and unyielding material. In this case, as mentioned above, the joints of the layers should not coincide so that the seams overlap each other, thereby providing reliable protection against the temperature effects of the environment.

The arrangement of ventilated hinged facades involves the use of a vapor-permeable wind and moisture protective film. Each plate is first fixed with 2 dowels to the load-bearing wall, then covered with several layers of film, and only then finally fixed with the required number of dowels. The use of a special adhesive tape allows you to process the seams of the film according to the technology.

It should be noted that the film, unlike most heaters, is combustible, therefore its use reduces the fire safety of the entire VNF structure, and in some cases even contributes to the destruction of the facade.

Finishing the facade also begins with the installation of vertical profiles. After all, this is the only way to build an air cushion between the top layer of insulation and finishing materials. This air layer provides air circulation and reduces the thermal conductivity of the facade.

When choosing fasteners, you should first of all be guided by the weight of the facing finishing materials. If it is planned to use sufficiently heavy materials, it is preferable to use a steel profile and appropriate hardware. Aluminum fasteners are suitable for light and medium-sized facing materials. It is impossible to use aluminum cassettes together with a galvanized frame, since such a combination can lead to premature wear of the structure due to corrosion.

Competent design, proper selection of materials and the use of high-quality materials in the construction of a ventilated curtain wall make it possible to predict with confidence its long service life and high-quality performance of its main functions: protection from the penetration of heat and cold into the room, shelter of the building from moisture, precipitation, dust and dirt, as well as aesthetic appeal of the building.

Tips formountingathinged ventilated facades

In modern construction, hinged ventilated facades are at a high level of demand. An increasing number of contractors are putting such structures into the project. This state of affairs is natural, since the ventilated facade is not only a beautiful appearance, but also additional insulation of the building, while maintaining the internal space. This means savings on heating and cooling of premises during the operation of the facility.

With such a growing popularity, however, the construction of a ventilated facade is one of the rather laborious stages of construction, for which it is recommended to hire professionals who know certain techniques and follow the given rules.

What are these rules and professional practices? Let's outline the most important of them. First of all, the algorithm for constructing the WNF should be observed.

So at the preparatory stage, careful and detailed work is needed to calculate the dimensions of the building, the thickness of the walls.

Buildings made of foam concrete blocks, hollow bricks and similar materials, giving walls with a density below 600 kg / m2, practically cannot be equipped with a ventilated facade. Compliance with SNiP and other regulatory documents regulates the distance of the dowel from the spoon and bonded joints of the masonry. Respectively 2.5 and 6 cm.

Heat-insulating plates for VF, as a rule, are supplied with instructions according to which they are installed. A prerequisite for their installation is the rupture of vertical seams, in other words, each subsequent row of insulation is attached with an offset (usually half a horizontal cut).

Installation of brackets selected in proportion to the thickness of the insulation and cladding material is carried out according to the markings made using precise marking devices. An error of 0.5 cm per 10 meters of the facade is recognized as a construction defect.

According to the ND, a puncher for drilling holes for dowels is not used when installing ventilated curtain walls. However, this rule is often not respected by unscrupulous construction teams. A special gasket must be inserted between each bracket and the wall of the draft facade. This helps to reduce heat loss, and also creates a certain gap that can absorb structural deformation during operation.

Once again, let's return to such an element of the ventilated facade as a membrane /link to membranes/. This integral attribute of a modern ventilated hinged facade takes on the main protective function of the facade itself and the building as a whole. Modern technologies for the manufacture of windproof film make it possible to make this material such that, while preventing the penetration of wind, external moisture and dust, it simultaneously removes water vapor from the inside of the structure. Thus, the design of the ventilated facade "breathes".

Priceventilation facade

The price of a ventilated facade consists of:
- prices of insulation, membranes and finishing materials,
- the cost of components (profile, brackets, other hardware),
- cost of work.
And it is multiplied by the area of ​​the covered surface of the building.
The cost of work may be fixed per square meter, or may depend on the price of raw materials.

It is possible to conditionally divide ventilated facades into 3 price categories:

Economy option. An aluminum or zinc profile and inexpensive insulation are used. The outer decorative layer is chosen from three options: stone chips, plastic panels or wooden finishing materials.
The most common plastic panels are siding. This is a lightweight material that is attached to the crate. Its front side can be almost any color and texture. The popularity of the material in the reconstruction of old facades is also due to the fact that siding does not require ideal alignment of the load-bearing wall.

From wooden materials, the blockhouse enjoys special love from the consumer. Wall cladding with the help of a blockhouse gives the room an appearance similar to that of buildings made of logs. At the same time, the standard board thickness is 15-17 mm, i.e. it is light enough. The blockhouse is mounted as a constructor, with the help of spikes and grooves it is connected without crevices and errors.

The economy version of the VF is an inexpensive, but durable and beautiful facade that successfully performs the functions of a building's thermal protection.

Dear WF involves the use of a stainless steel profile. For cladding, aluminum composite materials are used. The choice of these materials is due to the focus on long-term operation of the facade, because the warranty period of their service is not less than 50 years.

All other variations of the WF are classified as medium price. Note that the cladding of an average facade in the price range most often involves the use of porcelain tiles. The variety of shades, textures and textures of porcelain stoneware allows you to make facades that fit into any design projects: from classic to late modern.

The design of the VF can be changed to the needs and budget of each consumer. The number of layers of insulation, features of fasteners, cladding can be those that you need.

The First Supply Company will always help you choose the best materials at the most loyal prices for the installation of a ventilated facade of any complexity: from simple and inexpensive to multi-layer and from the most durable materials.

Hinged ventilated facade (NVF), part 1

Hinged ventilated facade (NVF), part 2