Staircase on the slope of the site of concrete. Wooden staircase on the slope - we make our site comfortable and beautiful. Determination of the size of the stairs and its layout

Emphasizing the originality and natural beauty of the sloping site. With the help of such structures, the steepness of the site is reduced and a convenient transition from one level to another is provided. Such a ladder can be made independently with minimal investment. Garden equipment also includes ladders and ladders. This article will focus on both stationary and ladders. This article will discuss how to make a garden staircase with your own hands.

Due to the installation of stationary stairs on the site, you can give it a noble charm, an aristocratic zest. You can make a small staircase in any area. Sometimes, to move from one level to another, it is enough to make it from two steps. Minor geoplasty of a flat area will allow you to make it more diverse, and you can arrange small rises with stairs consisting of several steps.

Stationary garden stairs can be free or mortise. The first option is laid directly on the soil, and the second assumes the presence of retaining walls. Steps can be made of wood, brick, concrete or natural stone. When choosing a material, it is important to consider the style of the design of the site.

If you decide to decorate the site in modern style, then narrow concrete slabs can act as steps. By planting flowering plants along the edges of the stairs, you can close the edges of the steps with them. To create a romantic atmosphere, the stairs can be decorated with flowerpots.

The architectural style and design features of the stairs also depend on its location. It is not necessary to equip small structures with gentle steps with railings. This rule does not apply to other types of fixed stairs.

In the design process, it is important to take into account the terrain without touching its plastics. Transitions through the stairs should emphasize the advantages of the site, while hiding its disadvantages. To calculate the number of steps and their dimensions, you will need to take 2 slats, fasten them at a right angle, then lay the free end of the first slat at the installation site of the first step from below, and the end of the second must be installed in place of the upper step. So, you can determine the length of the entire structure. To determine the length of the steps, it is necessary to divide the length of the horizontal rail by the estimated number of steps. According to the same scheme, the height of the steps is calculated. The length of the vertical rail is taken as the basis.

The width of the steps should be proportional to the amount of rise. In addition, the width of the stairs should match the width of the garden paths. It is worth noting that a wide staircase provides more opportunities for its design, but may not fit into the design of the site.

As a rule, stairs in the garden have 3-4 steps. If you have a steep descent on your site, and you plan to make 12-14 steps, then it is best to make a landing in the middle. Small differences in the plot can be sprinkled a little so that you can build a small staircase, at least three steps.

When arranging a stationary garden staircase, it is important to consider some of the nuances:

The surface of the coating must be non-slip. This will minimize the chance of injury on the site. Such qualities are possessed by a textured stone of natural origin, as well as tiles with a corrugated surface.
To make it safe to move up the stairs at night, you need to think over and make street lighting. It is better that the beams from the lanterns are directed downwards in this case, they will not blind the walking person. Another option is to install glowing stones. They will provide the stairs with soft light.
Height differences from 70 cm and above must be equipped with stairs with railings. They can be made from metal or wood.

If you make steps with a slope of 1-2%, then water will not accumulate and stagnate on them.

Today, there are many developments of garden stairs, which offer detailed instructions for their manufacture. We hope that the information below will be useful to you.

If you have not yet decided how to make a staircase in the garden, then we offer you the easiest way. Make slanted notches at the distance you want your steps to be. Then lay the boards on edge in them. You can fix them with pegs. Pour earth or gravel into the resulting void. Pay attention to how the bulk steps are decorated in the photo.

First prepare the following materials:

Logs of the same length.
Gravel or fine bark.
Metal/wood pegs.

Dig a trench on the slope and tamp it under the stairs. Start mounting from the bottom. Drive in the pegs at the base of the stairs into which the bottom step rests. The first log or step in a vertical position is placed close to the pegs. In this case, the resulting void should be filled with soil, which then needs to be tamped. According to this scheme, all steps are installed. After the installation of the stairs is completed, the voids must be covered with fine gravel.

To make the wooden elements of the stairs serve you as long as possible, treat them with used machine oil or special antiseptic impregnations.

The staircase, laid out in the form of a mosaic of logs, will look very original. To make it, you will need thick branches and tree trunks. Logs need to be dug into the soil.

The durability of stone is its main advantage over other materials used to make stairs. Usually, stone steps are laid, forming a solid floor or with gaps filled with compacted soil, and then covered with pebbles or fine gravel.

To make the garden look more dynamic, make steps with a lateral offset relative to each other. Before laying the stone, it is important to make a sand and gravel cushion. This is due to the weight of the stone. To fix the elements of the steps, a conventional cement mortar is used. Later you can seal the seams between the stones with them. Another option is to fill the gaps between the stones with sand and sow decorative grass in them.

To prevent stone steps from collapsing over time, a retaining wall of concrete and stone should be built.

In the process of caring for the garden, you can not do without a ladder. Its device is very simple: on two bowstrings or supports with a step of 25–30 cm, steps are fixed - crossbars.

The maximum allowable height of the ladder is 5 m, and the width is from 35 to 60 cm. However, it is important to consider that the wider and longer this product, the more difficult it is to move it from one place to another.

Pine bars are best suited for making a ladder. The blanks must be free of knots, cracks and slant. Otherwise, the product will be unreliable and may break at any time.

For a bowstring, you will need bars with a section of 40 × 50 mm, and for steps - 35 × 40 mm. These are the optimal sizes of the bars, since if you purchase thinner blanks, the ladder will be fragile, and if you take a thicker one, it will be too heavy. You will also need fasteners: screws, nails and metal tie rods.

First, make wooden elements. The main thing here is to be able to handle a hand saw or router. The first step is to make two bowstrings of the same length. For rungs-steps, you need to cut bars 35 × 40 mm 50 cm long, based on a step height of 25–30 cm. The corners of the bars need to be rounded.

There are two ways to attach steps to strings:

Tenon groove.
Above the supports.

In order for the spikes to connect the structure as reliably as possible, they must be cut at an angle to the central axis of the bar.

Grooves should be cut in the bowstrings, repeating the shape of the spikes in the crossbars. In fact, the grooves should be 0.2-0.3 mm smaller than the spikes, which will ensure maximum fastening density. The discrepancy must be very slight, otherwise the bowstring may burst in the process of inserting the spike into the groove.

It is important to monitor the symmetry of the cut grooves on two opposite bowstrings. Even a slight deviation will cause the crossbar to be set at a slope.

If the spikes and grooves are already ready, then you can start assembling the stairs. To do this, lay one bowstring with the inner wall up on a flat area. In the grooves of the bowstring smeared with glue, alternately insert the crossbars with spikes, hammering them with a mallet. Then insert the second bowstring into the opposite spikes, having previously smeared the grooves or spikes with glue. Hold the ladder at a slope by inserting a tenon halfway into the first groove. After that, lower the bowstring and direct the spike into the next groove. After inserting all the spikes into the grooves, they need to be driven tightly into the second bowstring.

For the ladder to be reliable, the connections should be fastened with nails / screws. It is better, however, to use wood screws. Screws are also not the best option. These are raw metal products, but acceptable for such a connection. When screwing in, the bit often turns in them, licking off the edges. You can also drive dowels into pre-drilled holes through the spiked joints.

A simpler method is to stuff the steps over the bowstring. In this case, the crossbars just need to be placed on the bowstrings from above and the parts are connected to each other with nails / screws.

To give the stairs greater stability, you need to draw the lower support edges. To do this, they must be cut at an angle.

To reduce the degree of slip on the lower end, rubber pads can be filled. This is done on the condition that the ladder will be used in the house, for example, to access the attic. Well, if a ladder is needed for a garden, then metal spikes should be fixed to the lower support ends. They will sink into the ground, so that the ladder will be fixed.

Oil paints are not suitable for painting ladders because the steps can become slippery. Such products must be coated with drying oil. You can apply several layers, and then, if desired, open the stairs with a transparent varnish.

These measures will protect the wood from swelling when exposed to atmospheric precipitation. And as a result, the life of the stairs will increase significantly.

When harvesting garden trees, you may need a ladder. If you follow the instructions below, you can make your own ladder. At the end of the article, drawings and diagrams will also be provided to help you determine the dimensions and optimal characteristics of the product.

For the manufacture of stairs, you can use wooden blocks, as already described above. And, although the tree has many advantages, its significant drawback is hygroscopicity, which is why the wooden product will need to be additionally treated with protective impregnations. A more durable and less demanding material, from which you can also make a ladder, is a metal profile.

A garden ladder made from a profile will be less weighty than its wooden counterpart. The elements of the ladder will not be deformed due to the section of the profile. Such a product can be made of steel or aluminum. Suitable blanks can be purchased at a hardware store. In this case, it will take you less time to assemble.

The choice of ladder configuration depends on the conditions of its operation and purpose. The easiest way to make an A-shaped stepladder at home. Of course, it is better that such a product is foldable in which case it will be easier to store. But to accomplish this task, you need to have some skills in working with metal.

You can connect the elements of the ladder with bolted and welded joints. However, the latter is more reliable. Although, depending on what to cook. If CO, then yes, and simple home electric welding can weaken the metal. In addition, in places of welding, the metal rusts faster.

If you have no experience with a welding machine, then you will have to bolt the parts together. But at the same time, an accurate calculation of the loads should be made. Otherwise, the fastener will simply deform, which will make it difficult and inconvenient to fold the ladder. In the worst case, such a product will simply fail. If you overdo it, then too large holes will weaken the racks, and they will break in these places. We need to look for the golden mean.

To work, you will need a set of the following tools:

Drill.
Welding machine or fasteners and keys.
Bulgarian with discs for metal.
Roulette.
Square.
A hammer.
Marker.

Follow the safety rules when working with a welding machine and when cutting metal with an angle grinder.

Materials you need to purchase:

A metal profile of rectangular section in sufficient quantity.
Fasteners.
Belts that will not allow the ladder to decompose during its operation.

Make a sketch stepladder, and then prepare the drawings. Determine the height of the product and cut off the corresponding 4 profile segments. Clean the profile at the cut points using a drill with a brush attachment.

Future supports must be fixed in pairs with two long bolts. This will allow you to quickly bring the stepladder into working condition.

Assembling the ladder

After the supports are prepared, they must be laid in parallel to mark the rungs-steps. In order to observe an angle of 90º when marking, you need to use a square. Make a cut of steps from the profile.

After, by spot welding, you need to fix the lower and upper steps. If the connection was made correctly and nothing needs to be adjusted, then welding seams can be made. Then weld the rest of the steps.

The support section can be made with or without steps. In the case when steps are not provided on it, weld 2 crossbars on it - at the level of the upper and lower steps. To increase the rigidity of the support section, another diagonal crossbar should be welded between them.

At the next stage, fix the restraining straps in the middle of the flight of stairs and weld a fragment of the corner / profile from below to the ends of the supports. After you need to prime and paint the ladder.

Video

The videos provided show how to make different types of stairs for the garden:

Drawings and diagrams

To make your own staircase, you need to draw a diagram and prepare a drawing. Let's take a look at some of the options:

In this article we will talk about what are country stairs and how to make them yourself. Taking into account the fact that most country houses are being built in a two-story version, a staircase that is comfortable and safe to use is a must.

Of course, this structure can be ordered from specialized construction organizations, but the price of the solution will be high. Knowing how to make a staircase in the country from start to finish on your own, you will not only save money, but also acquire new useful skills that will certainly come in handy later.

So, how to build a staircase in the country with your own hands and not regret the finished result?

Requirements for the finished building

Stairs made for operation in low-rise individual residential buildings are structures that have the following qualities:

strength and resistance to long-term mechanical stress;
safety of use, taking into account daily operation;
affordable price;
aesthetically attractive appearance, in harmony with the interior of the construction site;
environmental friendliness and safety of the materials used in the production.

Main varieties

In the photo - a folding structure designed for arranging attics and attics

Before you order or make stairs to the country, you need to decide on the selection of production materials.

Conventionally, all stairs that can be used in country houses are divided into three types:

wooden;
metal;
reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

What to choose for self-production?

In the photo - a reinforced concrete structure of a single-march type

Reinforced concrete products (concrete products) are popular and in demand due to their strength and durability.. But it is difficult to make reinforced concrete products in the conditions of an individual farm, and therefore reinforced concrete structures can only be ordered.
Unfortunately, the installation of reinforced concrete structures will require the help of professional builders and the use of special equipment.

Metal structures are good for their ease of processing and the possibility of manufacturing stairs not only of various sizes, but also of various, sometimes the most complex shapes..
The only significant drawback of ladders made using metal structures is the need for welding equipment and the skills to use it.

Lumber of wood origin is the most demanded solution for self-assembly of stairs.. There are several reasons for the popularity of this solution: firstly, it is an affordable price, secondly, the availability of materials and the ease of its machining, and thirdly, it is the excellent appearance of the finished structure.

From the foregoing, we can draw the following conclusion: it is advisable to assemble cottage stairs with your own hands from wood.

Material selection

It is no secret that wood is soft and hard. Not only the durability and strength of the finished result depends on these parameters, but also how simply the wood will be processed.

Important: In rooms with excessive humidity, it is advisable to use aspen boards and beams.
Aspen, even without special treatment, is resistant to moisture, which is relevant for objects used for seasonal living.

When arranging an ordinary summer house, coniferous wood can be used for the construction of stairs.

Wood of this type is characterized by the following advantages:

strength;
resistance to temperature changes;
affordable price;
ease of processing with most stains and paints on the market.

When choosing a tree, we pay attention to the presence of obvious and hidden defects that can adversely affect both the appearance of the structure and its subsequent operation. In addition to the fact that the harvested material should not have characteristic darkening and spots, you should not choose lumber with a large number of knots.

To ensure the required safety, the thickness of the structural elements should be as follows:

load-bearing beams - 80 mm;
steps - 40 mm;
risers - 30 mm or more.

After choosing the lumber, we proceed to the manufacture and assembly.

Calculate the size of the steps

On how correctly you calculate the dimensions of the steps, it will depend on how convenient and safe the operation of the stairs as a whole will be.

First of all, we consider the number of steps to be done. There is a simple way, namely, we measure the height of the wall - this will be the distance from the estimated bottom point of the stairs to the top point. After that, the resulting number is divided by the height of one step and we get the required number of steps.

Important: When counting the steps, keep in mind that the last step may coincide with the floor level, and therefore it is not necessary to count it.

Determining the width of the tread, we calculate the total length of the march. The resulting number is divided by the previously calculated number of steps. If the steps according to the plan have an overhang, the width of the overhang will need to be added to the calculated tread width.

Manufacturing technology

If you have any questions, you will receive comprehensive answers by watching the video in this article.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Steps are an important element of landscape design in a country house or a house adjoining area with a slope. It is not too difficult to make such a decorative design with your own hands, but you need to prepare the necessary tools and materials, as well as choose the best design option.

How to make steps on the slope of a summer cottage with your own hands

Making a slope with a ladder involves taking into account several important factors, presented:

location of groundwater;
slope slope;
geological features of the soil;
the presence of a danger of washing away the site in the spring or from a reservoir located on the territory;
the level of soil pressure on the slope;
the presence of buildings and vegetation;
general landscape concept.

To make the design durable and strong, beautiful and practical, you should take care of acquiring the necessary tools and materials in advance

It is also necessary to correctly determine the materials used in the manufacture of the structure, and the designation of the construction work area.

Necessary materials and tools

To make the design durable and strong, beautiful and practical, you should take care of acquiring the necessary tools and materials in advance:

wooden or metal pegs;
a long metal or wooden pole;
strong and sufficiently long rope;
building brick;
concrete finishing slabs;
crushed stone of fine fraction;
dry cement mixture;
container for the preparation of cement mortar;
a hammer;
building level and tape measure;
shovel bayonet and shovel;
Master OK.

Depending on the type of design, facing materials and lighting elements are additionally purchased.

Step-by-step instruction

There are several basic options for stairs that allow you to properly and aesthetically organize space on a slope of any height. All of them differ in the materials used, appearance and labor costs in manufacturing. Despite the simplicity of any work with wood, the best option would still be the construction of brick-concrete steps using the following technology:

Approximate design parameters

Height under steps, cm	Tread width, cm
11	45
12,5–13	43
14	40
15	38
16,5–17	33

If the staircase on the slope is represented by a large number of steps, then the designers recommend dividing the flights of stairs with special platforms. Desirable is their equipment in the areas of change of direction.

Sites of sufficient size can be decorated with decorative but functional benches or benches, as well as elegant and compact architectural forms or flowerpots.

A harmonious addition to the landscape style will be stone steps decorated with ferns, saxifrage and decorative ground covers.

Experts in the field of landscape design consider it appropriate to use building materials of a lighter color for the manufacture of stairs located on a shady slope. Sophisticated lighting ensures the comfort and safety of evening walks. When choosing a floristic concept, the best option would be a design in the style of a mountainous area. It is imperative to take into account the location of the slope and the staircase structure according to the cardinal points.

To increase the rigidity of the structure, stringers are used - side longitudinal boards that are placed on the edge to fix the steps

Any sites with stairs located on the northern slope have their own advantages. In such areas, there is a great opportunity to use shade-tolerant ornamental vegetation in the design, even in the absence of a highly efficient artificial water supply system. On the southern slopes, the design of the stairs involves the cultivation of plants that can withstand drought and high temperatures.

Design Ideas

Modern landscaping stairs on a slope can look very unusual and stylish. Ramps as a practical addition are arranged if there are elderly people or small children in the family.

A slight slope of 1-2% of the depth of the tread in each step will prevent stagnant water

The stone elements of the stairs are able to withstand significant mechanical loads, do not lose their attractiveness under the influence of fire and water, and also have a decorative appearance.

If you need to connect small differences, where even three steps will look somewhat cumbersome, you can simply level the area or equip an additional embankment

A small garden staircase made of treated wood and filled with decorative pebbles looks very organic in landscape design in almost any direction.

From the flight of stairs, you can even make a recreation area in miniature: place a table with a bench, install an umbrella, attach a small lantern

An original budget option would be to use small wooden platforms when decorating a garden staircase.

To avoid opening the soil and the collapse of the steps, it is necessary to build a retaining wall

Concrete stones of different sizes, which remain after repair work, can be used to create a practical, original form of garden steps.

The width of the steps should be commensurate with the steepness of the climb.

A bright and stylish mosaic staircase will help complement the unusual landscape design of the local area with a slope that is small in height and width.

The wider the staircase, the greater the field for creativity: on the sides of the spacious steps, you can install floor flowerpots with flowers, and braid the railings with beautifully flowering vines and climbing plants

A large staircase structure, self-made from finishing bricks or paving slabs, is a practical option for a slope with a significant slope.

When designing stairs, the main thing is not to disturb the plasticity of the relief

Log garden steps, impregnated with special compounds, are perfect for the steepest climbs.

A mosaic of wooden stumps is made from the trunk and thick branches of a tree, cutting logs 10-15 cm high

In recent years, granite paving stones have been increasingly used to create landscape stairs, this design is durable, practical and noble in appearance.

Most often, stairs are equipped with railings, but for small transitional structures with gentle steps, the presence of railings is not at all necessary.

A real wooden staircase can also become a connecting element. It can be, for example, a rise from a river or a pond.

As a finishing coating, it is better to use a material with a non-slip surface.

Given the basic nuances and rules for creating stairs with your own hands, you will get a reliable, functional and beautiful design with minimal time and financial resources.

If you own a picturesque plot located on a hill, in order to fully use it, you will have to install a garden staircase. This type of structures can be attributed to a separate type, since they are operated in harsh, aggressive conditions, they must effectively withstand showers and be comfortable at the same time. The last point is very important, since the slope of the hill can have a long duration and a changing angle of inclination, which introduces certain difficulties in design and construction.

So, today we will analyze how quickly a wooden staircase is made on a slope, what other materials can be used for this, and what activities are carried out so that all this not only looks beautiful, but also is strong and durable.

Let's start with the most beautiful - design options, along the way considering the materials from which such stairs are built.

The first photo shows a classic-type marching staircase. We see full-fledged wooden steps with risers mounted on powerful bowstrings, full-fledged railings with almost continuous filling, and comfortable handrails.
To put such a structure, it is necessary to raise it above the ground in order to ensure unimpeded drainage of water from the structure. For this, poured concrete pads are used at the locations of the supports, or piles. The second option is much more convenient, lasts a long time, is mounted quickly and is quite reliable.
You need to understand that such a ladder will have a good weight, especially when the wood saturates the water, which can cause subsidence of the soil under it, so the installation of the base here is a priority.

This staircase is made of ceramic bricks. The decision looks very solid, and it would not be an ugly spot even in the garden of some castle.
The device of such structures requires much more serious preparatory work than in the previous version - we are talking about strengthening the slope, since the weight of the stairs will be much more.
We will discuss these activities in more detail in the next chapter.

Before you, probably the easiest to perform,. This solution does not require the involvement of a large amount of labor, serious theoretical knowledge, but at the same time it will serve for a long time, and it will be convenient to use it.
Such stairs are installed without a fence, but if the slope is steep enough, then this element should be provided for safety, at least as a separate structure.
The essence of the construction of this ladder is to create a solid frame that will form the boundaries of the structure, which is filled from the inside with bulk material. You can use soil, sand, crushed stone, marble chips, etc. for backfilling - the choice depends, first of all, on the appearance of the site.
We will analyze the construction of such a staircase in the second part of the article - do not miss it!

Massive stone stairs are also very attractive, but the price of building such a beauty is very high.
The requirements for the strength of the base are the same as for the brick option.
Of the advantages, durability is worth noting - a stone will lie for more than a dozen years without changing its appearance in any way, while a tree in the open air serves much less. Brick, if it is not clinker, also does not boast record service life, so try on the expediency of the options for yourself individually.

As a building material, you can also use cement paving slabs, and metal, and artificial stone, and a polymer composite, and so on. Each option is good in its own way, but has its drawbacks.

Foundation preparation

So, we wrote that individual structures need a reinforced base so that they do not slide down and do not warp from loads, so before starting to build, you need to do the following:

Determine the proximity of groundwater;
Calculate slope angle;
Take into account the geological features of the site;

Find out if there is a danger of washing away the slope, in the immediate vicinity of a river or reservoir;
Determine the degree of soil pressure on the slope;
Select material, which will be strengthened, as well as designate the area where these works will be carried out.

As you can see, for the implementation of proper preparation, quite serious knowledge is needed, therefore, hiring a professional geologist is indispensable. Of course, this approach will require an additional investment of money, but if you want to make a good, heavy staircase that will serve faithfully for many years, you should not skimp.

If there is neither the possibility nor the desire to invest heavily, then opt for a light type of construction.

Measures to strengthen the slope

Let's list the most popular ways to strengthen the slope.

One of the simplest, cheapest and most effective methods is planting plants with a strong root system. Such a solution helps to prevent the formation of landslides and protect the soil from erosion.
It is important to understand that this option is suitable for strengthening a small area, provided that the slope is fairly gentle.
A special plastic mesh is laid on the ground, which has cells of different sizes. After that, a layer of fertile soil is poured on top and plants are planted.

As a "living support" are usually used: juniper, hawthorn, lilac. Chinese blackberry.

Concrete products are often used to strengthen slopes: slabs, monolith, blocks. This solution is very cost-effective, as it is inexpensive, lasts a long time, and does not require special care.

In fact, a fence is erected from this material, which does not allow the soil to subside, therefore sandstone or limestone slabs, stones and bricks can be used for the same purposes.
Such details can be used to decorate the landscape - slabs made of natural material look very natural, and molded flower beds laid in a checkerboard pattern can be used as concrete blocks.

Separately, it is worth noting the gabions, from which the staircase itself can be made, as shown in the photo above.
Such a fortification is very reliable and, if desired, can be made by hand, if there is access to a large number of stones.

Is there anything dearer to your heart than wood? Please use to strengthen it! There are a lot of design options - from banal fences and wattle fences, to logs dug into the depths in the form of a palisade.
The price of such a solution is quite high, but the appearance and the final result are worth it.

Construction of a simple wooden staircase with backfill

So, we have already said that we will describe the construction of a staircase with a wooden frame, inside of which the filling will be performed. The reason for our choice is obvious - this solution is very beautiful, the most affordable, and therefore the most popular among the population. We will analyze two options for such a design - to whom, which one will be more convenient, decide for yourself!

Garden stairs with bowstrings

Here is the first instruction that walks you through the construction process step by step.

This type of garden staircase will be directly connected to the slope through strings. In fact, we only need to create a framework that will set the final shape. However, do not forget that the final design should turn out to be geometrically correct, while the slope itself can have significant differences.
Therefore, having received data on the angle of inclination, we dig two shallow grooves along the edges of the future staircase. This will allow us to set the bowstrings in the right position and level out small differences in the slope surface.

Having dug trenches, we begin to install the first bowstring, which is used as an ordinary board with a section of 50 * 350 or more.
Immediately I would like to make a small digression and tell you which wood stairs are better in a particular case.
We have already said that the garden ladder is used in conditions of high humidity, and constant contact with the soil does mean eternally damp wood. If you, saving, buy a soft tree, then be prepared for the fact that it will rot in just a few years.
To avoid this, you need to make the right choice! First of all, consider conifers - their price is acceptable, and the service life, due to the presence of resins, is very good.
The most affordable option would be pine, but it's still not the best candidate. The palm is held by larch, which has an acceptable price and from exposure to moisture, over time, it will only become stronger.

Advice! Options such as oak or exotic woods can be considered if you have plenty of money.

So, we put our bowstring on the edge and support it with something so that it does not fall. Hammer a wedge from the bottom end so that the board does not roll.
For capital fixation of the elements, we will use several reinforcement bars - they need to be hammered into the ground from the inside of the bowstring, as shown in the photographs.
From the inside, a bunch is made with the help of four nails that go around the rod in the form of a bracket. The bowstring should stand vertically - of course, super-accuracy is not required, but small adjustments will only be beneficial.
After fixing, you can remove all temporary props.

Next, the second string is placed. Its position must be strictly parallel to the first, plus the levels must correspond.
Therefore, we are not in a hurry with the final fixation. We lay the element, support it and check the quality of the installation using a flat board and a building level.

If necessary, in the right places under the bowstring, a digging is done or, conversely, backfilling.
Along the way, you need to look at the distance between the bowstrings - it should be the same in all places. A simple roulette will help you to set the elements
As soon as we manage to get the desired position, we fix the second bowstring using the same fittings.

Attention! The slope can change the angle of inclination, so it is very convenient to break the rise into several sections, the bowstrings of which, in fact, are not connected to each other. This approach will also make it easy to make turns and organize entire intermediate areas for relaxation, such as a wooden terrace with stairs.

Next, the installation of steps begins.

As a building material, we need a good massive timber 200 * 200 mm - boards are also possible, but this is not so beautiful, and there will be less strength.
The beam is cut into pieces of a certain length, after which it is installed between the bowstrings and attached to them with screws. For temporary fixation, use one self-tapping screw.

It is very important to maintain the level, otherwise walking on the structure will be inconvenient, and even unsafe.
The distance between the steps is determined only by the angle of the bowstrings. Ideally, a strictly horizontal platform should be obtained between them.

The beam is attached to four self-tapping screws 10 millimeters in diameter. Smaller diameter holes are pre-drilled outside the bowstring, after which the fasteners are screwed in.
The space under the beam and between the steps is filled with screenings or coarse sand, which must be well compacted. Compaction can be done with various pushers and rammers. You can spill the bedding with water, provided that the frame is closed on all sides, and the sand will not be washed out.

As you can see, as a result, the staircase turned out to be very gentle, with wide steps. In fact, walking on it is not so convenient, due to the fact that the length of the steps may not correspond to the width of a person’s step, that is, the step will constantly go astray, or only one leg will be used as a support when lifting.

If this alignment does not suit you, then there is no way out how to set the angle of inclination of the march artificially. For such work, you will need to hire heavy construction equipment (excavator) to dig a trench of the desired configuration. The video in this article will show the principle clearly.

At the same time, walls formed by the slope may remain on the sides, which will need to be well strengthened, otherwise the soil may sink directly onto the recessed ladder. We have already written how such events are carried out, so let's look at the second version of the stairs.

Podsypny ladder without bowstrings

The second type of construction, as it is already clear, does not have bowstrings, which means that we can assemble at least a spiral staircase, if the terrain features require it. The design is more versatile, but requires more time to implement and material.

For work, we need the following materials and tools:

Boards with a section of 200 * 50 - the width of the board will correspond to the height of the step;
Self-tapping screws and nails;
Metal fasteners - you can use reinforcement, as in the previous example;
Slag, large stone, broken bricks and other things that can serve as a buta;
Wood saw, jigsaw or miter saw;
A hammer;
Shovel;
Building level;
Screwdriver.

Essentially, everything is the same.

To make the structure even and strong, we will definitely have to dig into the ground.
We start work from below - we take a shovel and remove excess earth, forming a platform for the first step.

Next, the stage box is assembled. To do this, we take a board, saw it into blanks and assemble a frame from them in the form of a square or the letter “p”. The wood for the frame is pre-treated with impregnations to protect it from rotting and insects, which will gladly build a home in a dry piece of wood.
All steps, if possible, should have the same dimensions and shape (meaning the visible part), so that the final design looks more attractive.
We also verify the same step in order to use the stairs as conveniently as possible.

The step is laid on the prepared platform, after which the next one is placed on top of it. There is no point in digging the site every time - you can make small recesses for the "blades" of the workpiece, leaving part of the internal space filled with natural soil.
The steps can be given a slight slope so that rainwater flows down better, for which we use the building level.
If you want the steps to be small, then their side parts will have to be made longer so that they go into the ground, but you can’t get carried away and get away from the natural slope of the site, otherwise the structure can turn out to be massive and at the same time flimsy.

All steps must be connected to each other, for this you can use small pieces of boards or metal parts, preferably galvanized, so that corrosion does not weaken the structure over time.

In the course of assembly, some steps (with a certain step relative to the length of the stairs) must be connected to the base, which we have the soil. The photo above shows a metal mount, which has holes for self-tapping screws on top. Its lower part is hammered into the ground to a good depth.

After assembly and strengthening, the filling of the structure begins. First of all, a large stone is laid in order to save more expensive slag and screenings. Any construction waste will go here, so it is advantageous to carry out the construction of the stairs simultaneously with the construction of the house on the site.
Next, slag (screenings) is poured, which will form an even base. It is definitely recommended to spill the base with water so that the filler gets into the cracks between the stones and does not shrink in the future.
The last layer is poured sand (possible with the addition of clay) or marble chips. The whole thing is also well compacted - in case of subsidence of the soil, the finishing layer of the filler is added, so take it with some margin and do not rush to waste it, because the process can take several months.

At the last stage, the space around the stairs is filled with soil. Here you can plant various plants to make the overall look more pleasant.

Wooden staircase video will show you how else you can implement such projects with your own hands. It will also be interesting to see how the landscapes around the garden stairs are being transformed. And here we are, all the best!

If your garden plot is located on a slope, stairs are simply indispensable. These structures not only play an important role in helping to overcome ups and downs. With skillful design, they can become a decorative element of garden design.

On a gentle slope, sometimes it is enough just to build in several single wide steps located at the same distance from each other - they will make the path more convenient and visually divide the garden into parts. And on a steep "slope" you can lay out a staircase, meandering in a serpentine. A harmonious part of the slope covered with a lawn will be stone-steps, "grown" into the ground or leaving ends in flower beds. If the staircase should become one of the main objects that attract attention, retaining walls are erected along its edges - such as are made when terracing slopes.

For safe movement on stairs, the height of which reaches more than one meter, parapets can be laid out along their edges - low walls made of brick or stone. But on too long or steep stairs, railings are usually installed on one or both sides.

To soften the visual monotony of a long staircase, you can make it winding, like a garden path, or install intermediate rest areas on it, which, moreover, will optically break up a continuous series of steps. A special touch to the stairs can be given by alternating between treads of different widths or by slightly shifting the steps in relation to each other.

Garden steps can be made from many materials. When choosing what to build a ladder from, keep in mind that the surface of the treads should be rough, but they will not be slippery. It is also not recommended to make steps from smoothly polished wooden boards or stones - use terrace gloss (decking) with a corrugated structure or slabs with a relief surface. To create a smooth transition from the stairs to the walkways and terrace, it is best to choose the same material for the steps from which the adjacent surfaces are made. For example, installed steps filled with paving stones are suitable for a path with stone paving. A large selection of blocks and slabs of various colors and sizes will allow you to realize the most interesting design ideas, and your staircase will surely become not only a functional element of the garden, but also its decoration.

Filling steps are one of the simplest designs. For the formwork of the end part of the steps, boards are used, fixed with two pegs driven into the ground to a depth of 20 cm. The backfill material can be gravel or gravel crumbs, poured onto a layer of crushed stone, the height of which is about 15 cm.

Block steps consist of massive stone or concrete blocks. They are laid on a base of gravel about 5 cm thick and a 20-30 cm layer of crushed stone. If the length of the stairs exceeds 5 steps, the lower step is laid on a concrete foundation, deepened by 80 cm.

Installed steps are considered a more durable option for backfill. The end stones mounted on the edge are firmly fixed with the help of a strip foundation made of concrete. To prevent the foundation from settling, it is placed on a layer of rubble about 80 cm thick. Paving stones are used for tread. Stones are laid on a 5-centimeter layer of sand or gravel.

Laid steps made of natural stone or concrete due to their small thickness (about 3-8 cm) are much lighter than block ones. To install them, you will need a solid frost-resistant concrete foundation. A strip foundation is made under the lower and upper steps. Between it and the steps, a layer of reinforced concrete and lean concrete is laid, poured onto a layer of gravel sand, which acts as a frost protection. Finally, treads and risers are laid on the cement.

Examples of stairs in the garden

A gentle slope will help to overcome the massive steps, "embedded" in the lawn at regular intervals. Along their edges, as if in a guard of honor, elegant hornbeams, trimmed in the shape of a cone, froze.

Wide oak beams, laid on a gravel base, will make steps for a country-style garden.

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