Welded material for floors. Built-up waterproofing of the foundation: choosing materials and mastering the technology. Mechanically fixed rolled waterproofing

Floor waterproofing in basements and industrial premises, in garages and city apartments is carried out using a variety of materials, for example, bituminous mastic, special moisture-proof mixtures, dyes, etc. But most often rolled waterproofing is used for this purpose. For the floor, or rather to protect it from moisture, such materials are just perfect.

Application Benefits

Roll materials have earned popularity among owners of houses and apartments primarily for ease of installation. You can make high-quality moisture-proof floor covering with their use with your own hands. Another advantage of this type of waterproofing is the low cost. At the same time, despite the fact that such materials belong to the budget group, they protect floors from moisture very effectively. A long service life is also what roll waterproofers received good reviews from the owners of apartments and houses for.

Varieties of material

Rolled waterproofing for the floor is classified mainly according to the method of attachment to surfaces. In this regard, materials are distinguished:

Pasted. This type of waterproofing is attached to the floor surface, usually using bituminous mastic or special adhesives.
Built-up. This type of roll material is fixed to surfaces using a gas burner. A thin bituminous layer is applied to the reverse surface of the waterproofers of this group already at the production stage.
Fixed mechanically. Such materials are fixed to surfaces with nails or staples.

Rolled waterproofers can also differ in the type of materials used for the manufacture. The cheapest varieties are made on the basis of ordinary cardboard. This is how they make, for example, a well-known budget roofing material. In more expensive materials, fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester can serve as the basis.

Products of the company "Technonikol"

There are several brands of roll waterproofers on the domestic market. But most often, floors and other surfaces are protected from moisture using materials manufactured by TechnoNIKOL. Waterproofing of this brand are distinguished by simply remarkable performance characteristics. Basically, two types of materials from this manufacturer are suitable for flooring - glued "Technoelast Prime" and welded "Technoelast Thermo". Also on sale is a special self-adhesive membrane of this brand, designed for indoor use.

Good quality at a not too high cost - this is what distinguishes TechnoNIKOL, roll waterproofing. The price of a self-adhesive membrane from this manufacturer, for example, is only about 1300-1500 rubles. (10/0.75 m). The materials of this particular manufacturer are considered a good alternative to less durable and less durable budget roofing material. Their guaranteed service life is 25-30 years.

Stekloizol

This kind of roll materials, as well as roofing felt, is very often used to protect floors from moisture. Rolled waterproofing is made for the floor, foundation, roof, etc. of this type based on fiberglass or mixed. Bitumen is used as impregnation. The advantages of glass isol primarily include incombustibility and durability. It can last up to 15 years if properly installed.

Floor waterproofing materials: bicrost

It is also a very popular type of waterproofing in the domestic market, excellent for protecting against moisture, including the floor. Bicrost can be made both on a fiberglass and polyester basis. Its advantages, among other things, include the ability not to lose its properties at air temperatures from -15 to +80 ° C. Polymer additives are not used in the manufacture of this type of rolled waterproofing. Therefore, bikrost does not differ in too good adhesive qualities. However, it also costs less than stekloizol and even TechnoNIKOL brand waterproofers.

Polyethylene film

This type of waterproofing is also often used to protect the floor from moisture. Technical polyethylene film is best suited for this purpose. Its thickness is slightly greater than that of the usual one, and therefore it is somewhat stronger. In terms of transparency, such material is inferior to greenhouse material, but in this case, of course, this does not play any role. Polyethylene is cheaper than usual. In particular, such rolled waterproofing for a wooden floor is well suited. A not too thick concrete screed is usually arranged on top of it, or plywood is stuffed.

Why waterproof floors in urban apartments?

Most often, floors are protected from moisture, of course, on the basement floors of private houses. Indeed, in this case, there is a very real threat of groundwater penetration into the premises. But sometimes the floors are waterproofed in city apartments. In this case, this procedure is carried out mainly in order to completely eliminate the possibility of flooding the neighbors from below. Also, rolled material for waterproofing the floor in an apartment is usually laid before laying such expensive coatings as parquet and solid board. In this case, the main purpose of the operation is the need to protect the floor finish from warm water vapor rising from the lower floor.

Preparatory activities

Floors in urban apartments in most cases consist of the following structural elements:

paving lag;
floor board.

In order to perform the highest quality waterproofing of the floor in the apartment, it must be disassembled down to the concrete base. This is especially true for residential premises in houses of old construction. Wood has a limited lifespan, and the condition of the floors in apartments in these high-rise buildings usually leaves much to be desired. In any case, a new screed should not be put on them.

Installation of waterproofing should be carried out only on a carefully leveled concrete base. Also, the stove should be thoroughly vacuumed and wiped with a damp cloth. If the coating has a lot of defects, it is worth applying a special self-leveling mixture to it before laying the roll material.

How to do waterproofing correctly?

In a city apartment, any of the materials described above can be used to protect the floor from moisture. But most often in this case, TechnoNIKOL membrane materials are used. Ease of installation is what, among other things, distinguishes such rolled waterproofing. For the floor in a city apartment, it is just perfect. It is not recommended to use this material only under tiles and floor coverings based on cardboard.

It is best to mount the membrane film across the room. First, it is desirable to cut the material. The cut strips must be rolled up. For laying from the membrane, simply remove the lower protective layer. Straighten the self-adhesive strips on the floor in the direction from the center to the edges. They should be laid with an overlap of about 30 cm. This will provide reliable protection.

Thus, TechnoNIKOL is very good for a city apartment, waterproofing is rolled. Its price is low, and its quality is excellent. But you can, of course, save even more and buy an ordinary roofing material for the floor in the apartment. It is best to stick it on a concrete slab using a special compound. Bitumen in an apartment is, of course, not worth drowning.

Built-up waterproofing for the floor in urban dwellings is rarely used. It is worth closing floors using such material only if you have the skills to work with a gas burner. Otherwise, the production of such an operation in a city apartment can simply become a very dangerous enterprise. In any case, an unpleasant smell with this method of laying will certainly spread throughout the entrance, which may cause dissatisfaction with the neighbors.

Sometimes ordinary roofing material is also used for waterproofing floors in city apartments. This material is attached to concrete using special adhesives. When performing floor sheathing using any of the waterproofing agents described above, it is imperative to make allowances for the walls.

Features of work in the bathroom

Roll waterproofing for the bathroom floor is laid using a simpler technology. After all, it is usually not necessary to dismantle anything in such a room. The floors in the bathrooms of urban apartments are most often initially made of concrete. Therefore, the preparatory work in this case will most likely consist only in their alignment. All cracks and chips in the concrete pavement must be sealed with a cement-sand mortar. You can start waterproofing the floor about two weeks after this procedure. The gluing of the roll material in this case is carried out in the same order as in ordinary rooms. Concrete for better adhesion can be pre-primed with a deep penetrating agent.

If it is planned to subsequently lay tiles in the bathroom, it is best to use roll material based on fiberglass or fiberglass to protect the floor from moisture. Since this option of waterproofing is characterized by increased strength, it can be leveled with a hard roller.

How is basement work done?

Floor waterproofing technologies are not similar to the methods of laying rolled materials in the bathroom. The only difference is that in this case several layers of material are usually used. After all, protection in the basement of the house should be as reliable as possible. Otherwise, ground moisture will surely penetrate the basement.

Previously, clay is poured onto the floor in the basement, and then a layer of sand. Next, a concrete screed is poured. Its thickness should be 8-10 cm. It is possible to start waterproofing the floor only after the concrete has gained sufficient strength. That is, not earlier than two weeks after pouring the screed.

Waterproofing with roll materials of the floor in the basement is usually done using a gas burner. Strips are laid with an overlap of 20 cm. Also, the waterproofing agent should go 20 cm onto the walls of the basement floor. Lay the deposited material in two layers. You can close the floor on the basement floor with ordinary roofing material. But in this case it is better to put three layers of waterproofing. The joints of the roofing material strips in the basement are sealed with a gas burner.

Any builder knows that groundwater acts destructively on the foundation of a building. Moisture, penetrating into the structure of the material and freezing at low temperatures, expands, while tearing off its fragments. In a few years, the foundation may become unusable, after which the entire building may collapse. To avoid this, foundation waterproofing is necessary: there are a variety of materials for this. You just need to choose the most suitable ones and apply them correctly.

There are many ways to protect a building structure from moisture. One of the most effective is the built-up waterproofing of the foundation. This became possible due to the appearance on the construction market of new roll materials reinforced with polyester and having high tensile strength. They, unlike the previously used glassine, roofing material and roofing felts, are not subject to decay, have better water-repellent properties and a long service life. Among the most popular are isoplast, isoelast, mostoplast, bicroplast, ecoflex, technoelast (Russian-made), aquaizol, krembit, spoliizol (manufactured in Ukraine), testudo, helastopley (Italy). These coatings are based on synthetic products such as fiberglass, fiberglass and polyester.

The foundation is protected by two layers of rolled material: it should be carefully glued, protecting it from possible mechanical damage (for example, during backfilling) using a geomembrane. Corrosion-resistant materials are suitable for waterproofing work. It is worth paying attention to compliance with all the rules for waterproofing the foundation: ENiR prescribes the device for both primary (using rubber-bitumen mastic) and secondary protection. In this case, secondary protection consists in pasting the base with rolled material. It is best to do this during the hardening of concrete, when the construction of walls cannot yet begin.

Fused waterproofing is used as protection of the base of the foundation, waterproofing its side part, as well as to create a barrier layer between the foundation and the load-bearing walls of the house.

Some information about the waterproofing of the TechnoNIKOL trademark

The TechnoNIKOL trademark is represented on the market of rolled waterproofing materials by high-tech products such as Vent, Solo, Technoelast and cheaper ones (for example, Bikrost). With the help of any of these materials, waterproofing of the foundation can be done with high quality: TechnoNIKOL has proven itself reliably on construction sites.

There is a division into classes: "Premium", "Business", "Standard" and "Economy". The first group includes Vestoplast and Technoelast: bitumen-polymer materials produced from the best quality raw materials and using the most advanced equipment. With the help of such a waterproofing device, the most important objects can be reliably protected from groundwater. They withstand the toughest conditions and have a long service life.

TechnoNIKOL rolled materials are used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings of any type

What substrates can be protected with welded waterproofing

This method of base protection can be used for:

reinforced concrete blocks, provided that the joints between them are sealed with a cement-sand mortar;
for lightweight concrete filled with vermiculite, perlite, etc.;
for slab foundations;
for heavy concrete with crushed stone and gravel aggregates;
brickwork after leveling it with plaster cement-sand mortars.

Work procedure:

Before sticking the roofing material for waterproofing the foundation, the surface is thoroughly cleaned of small particles, cement laitance and other contaminants. Cut off sharp edges and corners so that they do not damage the roll material.
A primer (primer) is applied to the base, which improves the adhesion of the welded waterproofing to it. It binds the remaining fine dust and fills microcracks and pores, thereby strengthening the surface. In addition, it is moistened, which favorably affects the speed of work.
After applying the primer, a certain time (up to 24 hours) must pass for it to dry: a dry surface cannot be sticky. Drying time depends on environmental conditions and primer type.
The rolled material is melted, heating its back surface with a gas burner or a blowtorch. During operation, the waterproofing material is pressed tightly against the base, gradually unwinding the roll.

Rolled material is welded with a gas burner

Technology of gluing rolled insulating material

Vertical waterproofing of the foundation is carried out by gluing materials after melting their underside. In some cases, a “free” method is used, in which only longitudinal and transverse joints are welded, and the lower layer is mechanically attached to the structure. If such devices are not available, the roll is cut into panels of the desired length, which are laid horizontally for a day so that the strips are well aligned. The air temperature must be at least +15 °С.

After aging, the waterproofing agent is again wound into a roll: this is necessary for ease of use. It is necessary to apply markings on the foundation for the correct orientation of the first panel. The heated rubber-bitumen mastic is applied to the base, after which the roll material is glued, pressing it from the middle to the edges with the help of rollers. Rollers for this are used cylindrical or differential. Having processed the edges of the previous sheet with mastic, stick the next one. If necessary, stickers of the second layer, the work is performed after the mastic has completely dried. Cold mastic can also be used: it is applied a few hours before the start of the main work: during this time, the main part of the solvent evaporates.

Before sticking the roll material, rubber-bitumen mastic is applied to the base

On vertical surfaces, waterproofing sheets are welded from the bottom up, while they are located horizontally. In order for the rolls to be stacked as a whole, it is necessary to use a mechanical feed using a system of blocks. Stepped laying of panels is carried out with an overlap of the top to the bottom by at least 100 mm. The surface should be covered to a height of 300-500 mm above the ground. The top edge is mechanically fastened to the foundation plinth using a metal edge rail. Vertical and horizontal waterproofing must be combined. The docking point (that is, the corner) is additionally pasted over with a strip of roll material, the width of which is about 300 mm. The same reinforcement is required when pasting complex areas, such as external and internal corners, and utility line entries.

In the lower part of the foundation (at the docking with the ground), a slope device is required at an angle of 45 degrees, which is made of concrete. The slope (fillet) is also pasted over with rolled material and closed with an additional strip.

At the bottom of the foundation, a transitional fillet is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees

Extruded polystyrene foam slabs are fixed on top of the rolled waterproofing agent using cold rubber-bitumen mastic: this is necessary to protect the coating during backfilling with soil. In addition, expanded polystyrene is a good insulator and protection against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation, which is likely when backfilling is delayed for more than 7 days.

Plates of extruded polystyrene foam insulate and protect the foundation from UV radiation and mechanical damage

Foundation waterproofing is a complex and responsible process, the implementation of which requires physical effort and a certain amount of experience. It is necessary to work in direct contact with hot mastics, heating devices. In order to avoid mistakes, it is best to entrust such work to specialists of construction and installation enterprises: they will perform the work in compliance with the technology and in the shortest possible time. This will provide reliable protection for the foundation and the entire house.

Stargidrostroy provides services for the arrangement built-up waterproofing. Of course, this is just one of the types of work in this area, which you can order from us. Built-up foundation waterproofing(and other elements of the building or structure) is carried out on the basis of a formal contract with a guarantee. This is the best confirmation that it is carried out at a professional level and its quality is appropriate!

What is "Fused Waterproofing"?

Fused roof waterproofing, floors and other elements and structures can be carried out using two types of materials: bitumen and bitumen-polymer. Depending on the object being waterproofed, this type of waterproofing can be:

Horizontal. Such built-up floor waterproofing(and other elements and structures) provides protection against capillary moisture;
Vertical. It is used from the outside of the foundation to protect against groundwater.

Installation of built-up waterproofing provides for several layers of application and, in some cases, the use of lining materials and dressings of different fractions. The latter refers to roofing waterproofing works.

How is horizontal waterproofing done?

Horizontal waterproofing is carried out in several stages, which include laying and compacting crushed stone, followed by a layer of geotextile material. Be sure to carry out thermal insulation work, followed by the application of a primer layer. An important step is the laying of the waterproofing itself. Work should be carried out in such a way that its surface is even. A layer of concrete is applied on top.

How is vertical waterproofing done?

This type of built-up waterproofing requires the application of a primer and work with a gas burner. Be sure to equip protection against damage and a drainage system.

Applicable materials

As already mentioned, this type of waterproofing is carried out using bitumen and bitumen-polymer materials. The latter are more preferable because they have a plastic base and are durable. Important factors are the fact that bitumen-polymer waterproofing:

can be carried out in any temperature mode;
able to provide excellent adhesion to the surface;
does not break down under the influence of ultraviolet rays.

Do you need waterproofing? Contact Stargidrostroy!

Waterproofing resins

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Waterproofing measures

Some complex construction work can only be performed by professional builders and repairmen. Such as the masters of the Dekada company.

We carry out major repairs of apartments in new buildings in Moscow and the region, as well as repairs in apartments in the secondary housing stock.

Note that each of our clients receives:

Free estimate for the repair of apartments,
. creation of a design project and terms of reference for apartment renovation.

We carry out works of any complexity and give a guarantee on them for 3 years. The cost of repairing an apartment in our performance can be found on the corresponding page of our website.

Let us give an example of one of the complex types of work, which includes built-up waterproofing in rooms.

Description

Waterproofing of walls, floors and roofs is used to prevent the capillary movement of moisture inside walls and floors, which means that it prevents increased humidity inside the room or protects the room from water penetration. Although the opposite effect is also possible in the case of pools, when moisture is not released outside.

Fused (sometimes called glued) waterproofing is used for walls, foundations, floors.

The advantages of this method of applying waterproofing is that at the output a monolithic layer is obtained through which moisture cannot penetrate. This type of waterproofing is resistant to pressure from other building materials on it from the outside.

Among the shortcomings, one can single out the fact that under the pressure of moisture (water) from the inside (from the side of the base), the built-up waterproofing can peel off (this issue is especially relevant when using this type of waterproofing in basements).

Another important point- convenience of the equipment of the built-up waterproofing. Since it is often supplied in rolls of waterproofing material, it is quick and easy to apply to horizontal surfaces. However, if walls (for example, a foundation) are to be waterproofed, then in a vertical position additional work is needed to properly fuse.

Work technology

The base to be waterproofed must be dry and even. For better adhesion, it can be pre-primed.

Before proceeding with welding, the roll should be rolled out, giving it the correct direction of location and joining with the previous strips of insulation, and then roll back for the production of works.

The lower part of the sheet is subject to heating. Heating is done with a burner. The flame is directed simultaneously to the base and to the part of the insulation roll adjacent to it.

After the coil has been welded, it is necessary to verify the quality of the work performed. Using a spatula, all edges of the strip are checked. If there is a delamination somewhere, this area is lifted with a spatula and re-fused.

The overlap of the next strip on the previous one is carried out in 8 centimeters from the long joining side, and from the end - 15 centimeters.

When using a gas burner, it is worth observing special safety measures to avoid fires. It will be useful to have fire extinguishing equipment ready.

Materials and tools

For waterproofing you will need:

1. Tight overalls and shoes with thick soles,
2. Gas burner with a set of necessary hoses and fittings for connection to a gas cylinder
3. Spatulas, dense brushes (for cleaning the base)
4. Roller (for tight pressing of waterproofing)
5. Knife (for trimming)

Foundation waterproofing is a necessary and useful thing. It is especially important if groundwater accumulates in the soil under the foundation. Dampness can lead to the formation of the well-known mold, which is harmful to health, as well as simply spoil the building materials used to build your home. In the worst case, this will lead to the formation of cracks in the foundation, and then in the walls, violate the integrity of the structure, and as a result, create distortions of the house. I would like to note that not only moisture is terrible, but also winter frosts, when water that has got into the foundation freezes and breaks the material.

Despite all these concerns, there is an opinion that foundation waterproofing should be done only if there is a basement in the house, but a minority rather than a majority agree with this. In this case, we unequivocally belong to the majority, and we did the waterproofing of our concrete foundation, and, in our opinion, very successfully.

And now closer to the point.

How to make waterproofing the foundation of the house. Our experience.

In fact, we did not have to do vertical waterproofing of the foundation. Let's explain. We did, and then sheets of roofing material were laid inside it. After pouring the concrete, and then removing the formwork, to some surprise, we got a foundation firmly glued on the sides with roofing material. Thanks to this, the issue with vertical waterproofing disappeared by itself.

Now let's move on to the horizontal waterproofing of the foundation. By the way, it is she who is responsible for the ingress of moisture through the pores of the building and leads to a decrease in the strength and thermal insulation of the walls, the formation of cracks in them, an increase in humidity in the room, and as a result, the appearance of various kinds of fungi.

We decided to use weldable roll waterproofing of the foundation (rolled waterproofing), which is distinguished by its reliability, durability and efficiency, good water-repellent properties, elasticity and lack of tendency to rot. Our choice fell on one of the most popular built-up waterproofings of the TechnoNIKOL brand.

Our workflow was as follows:

I would like to note that we laid the rolls on the foundation in such a way that we got take-out sides of about 10 cm on both sides. Then these sides were bent around the entire perimeter of the foundation. After that, separate thinner strips were cut (5 pieces came out of 1 roll). And they imposed additional bumpers to take them out on the walls in the future. We need these sides (or visors) for further fastening to the remote blocks of the house that form the wall. Thus, the waterproofing will exclude the possibility of moisture getting on these same remote blocks.

Foundation waterproofing cost.

The main costs were as follows:

Bituminous primer, 20 l - 1,503 rubles.
Roll roof Stekloizol hpp-2, 10 9m2, 5 rolls at a price of 304 rubles. - 1,520 rubles.
, 1.5 l - 855 rubles.

With its overall rather modest cost of waterproofing, we still have a good supply of primer, 1 roll of waterproofing and a blowtorch. As a result, on one side of the scale there were terrible stories about the lack of waterproofing of the foundation, and on the other - literally a couple of thousand and several hours of work. Our choice is obvious - easy installation at an affordable price and your conscience is calm.

Perhaps that's all. The waterproofing layer of the foundation for aerated concrete blocks is ready. We are satisfied with the result.

And now, for a better perception of what was written, we bring to your attention another video with our YouTube channel, in which we will tell in detail and show how exactly the waterproofing of the foundation of the house was performed. Enjoy watching and waiting for your comments!

Best wishes,

Yana and Zhenya Shigorev.

Some information about the waterproofing of the TechnoNIKOL trademark

TechnoNIKOL rolled materials are used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings of any type

What substrates can be protected with welded waterproofing

This method of base protection can be used for:

reinforced concrete blocks, provided that the joints between them are sealed with a cement-sand mortar;
for lightweight concrete filled with vermiculite, perlite, etc.;
for slab foundations;
for heavy concrete with crushed stone and gravel aggregates;
brickwork after leveling it with plaster cement-sand mortars.

Work procedure:

Before sticking the roofing material for waterproofing the foundation, the surface is thoroughly cleaned of small particles, cement laitance and other contaminants. Cut off sharp edges and corners so that they do not damage the roll material.
A primer (primer) is applied to the base, which improves the adhesion of the welded waterproofing to it. It binds the remaining fine dust and fills microcracks and pores, thereby strengthening the surface. In addition, it is moistened, which favorably affects the speed of work.
After applying the primer, a certain time (up to 24 hours) must pass for it to dry: a dry surface cannot be sticky. Drying time depends on environmental conditions and primer type.
The rolled material is melted, heating its back surface with a gas burner or a blowtorch. During operation, the waterproofing material is pressed tightly against the base, gradually unwinding the roll.

Rolled material is welded with a gas burner

Technology of gluing rolled insulating material

Before sticking the roll material, rubber-bitumen mastic is applied to the base

At the bottom of the foundation, a transitional fillet is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees

Plates of extruded polystyrene foam insulate and protect the foundation from UV radiation and mechanical damage

Two types of built-up waterproofing are known, which differ in orientation - vertical and horizontal. The first is usually performed from the outside of the foundation, to the level of the blind area, thereby protecting the monolith from groundwater. With horizontal waterproofing, the capillary moisture of the walls of the structure and its basements is protected.

Horizontal welded

Foundation preparation

First, a layer of ASG or crushed stone is laid, followed by tamping, then a barrier layer of TECHNONICOL geotextile is laid.

Thermal insulation layer

To exclude heat loss, TECHNOPLEX 45 polystyrene foam boards obtained by extrusion are used. When choosing a thickness, one should be guided by the requirements of the SNiP 23-02-2003 document.

Concrete preparation

The organization of a waterproofing layer requires the preparation of a concrete surface. This means that it should not have mechanical defects in the form of cracks, foreign inclusions, protruding beyond the outer layer of reinforcement, etc. Mos-drainage specialists strongly recommend waiting for the concrete to gain at least three quarters of its nameplate strength, while the moisture content of the layer at a depth of 2 cm should not exceed 4%.

Primer

To create a primer layer for waterproofing the foundation, a primer is used, which is a one-component bituminous primer. No heat is required to use the material, and it is applied in the usual way to the surface of a concrete slab. Thus, the adhesive properties of the screed are improved, which ensures reliable and durable adhesion of the waterproofing layer deposited on the base.

Foundation waterproofing

Before starting work, you should wait for the primer to dry completely. The built-up waterproofing is single-layer, using the bitumen-polymer material Technoelast EPP, applied to the surface by welding, using a gas burner. In the process of laying, you should monitor the canvas, avoiding warping and achieving a good fit to the surface.

At the joints, overlaps are organized, the dimensions of which are approximately 15 cm in the transverse and 10 cm in the longitudinal directions. In practice, a simplified laying method is also used, in which only the joints are melted, and the main canvas is placed on the surface in a cold way. Simplified laying is allowed only on flat areas of the foundation, when any deformation of the canvas is completely absent.

Applying a protective layer

The need for such a layer arises to protect the bituminous layer from destruction due to mechanical impact. Protection is applied directly during the main work, but not earlier than 3 hours after the waterproofing has been applied. For this purpose, reinforced concrete is used, the main strength and other characteristics are determined by a specific project. As reinforcing elements, standard steel meshes are used, which are laid on the bitumen layer, taking into account the technological gap of up to 1 cm.

Vertical built-up foundation waterproofing

Foundation Requirements

A pre-prepared vertical surface of a reinforced concrete monolith is used as a base. To do this, remove mechanical defects in the form of shells or sagging, cut off the protruding parts of the reinforcement, remove foreign inclusions in the form of oil stains, dust, etc. The strength of concrete must reach at least 3/4 of the passport, and the concrete itself must be sufficiently dry (no more than 4% at a depth of 2 cm from the surface).

Primer

When using soil, the adhesive properties of the reinforced concrete surface or screed are improved, which ensures reliable and durable adhesion of the waterproofing deposited on the base. To form the primer layer, a primer is used, which is a one-component bitumen-based composition. The primer is applied cold, using manual or mechanical devices.

Application of waterproofing

It is mandatory to wait for the primer to dry completely, after which a single-layer waterproofing is laid using the bitumen-polymer material Technoelast EPP. For surfacing the latter on the surface, a conventional gas burner is used. In the process of work, measures are taken to eliminate the warping of the material, achieving a good fit to the surface. Particular attention is paid to the joints, where overlaps should be made to ensure the best insulating properties, the dimensions of which are approximately 15 cm in the transverse and 10 cm in the longitudinal directions.

Thermal insulation layer

For the organization of a thermal protective layer, TECHNOPLEX 45 polystyrene foam boards obtained by extrusion are used. When choosing a thickness, one should be guided by the requirements of the SNiP 23-02-2003 document.

Wall drainage and mechanical protection

And protection is made at the same time, using materials of the PLANTER series specially developed for this purpose. Polyethylene profiled membranes PLANTER TECHNONICOL provide strength and good protection against damage, and PLANTER Geo geotextile compositions, which effectively remove moisture, perform wall functions.

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Fused waterproofing

Fused waterproofing- this is a one-piece waterproof carpet made of rolled or film waterproofing materials, deposited in layers on the primed surface of a structure or fence, which must be protected from the harmful effects of moisture.

This type of waterproofing is designed only from rot-resistant materials. Suitable for use with high hydrostatic head of groundwater. Before applying waterproofing, the surface must be leveled, cleaned and dried. All influxes, protruding reinforcement are cut down from the surface, shells and all recesses are sealed. The joints of the insulating coating with various embedded parts are glued with a reinforcing fabric. Seams and cracks are sealed with sealant. Brickwork should be leveled with a cement-sand screed or plaster.

For built-up waterproofing, bitumen-containing, bitumen-polymer and polymer materials are used. Welding is carried out on bitumen, bitumen-polymer, bitumen-rubber or polymer mastic. The grade of bitumen is selected depending on the temperature conditions.

In most cases, welded waterproofing must be applied in several layers. The first layer of mastic up to one and a half millimeters thick is applied to a dry surface, then the roll is rolled out and fixed, after which it must be heated to a semi-melted state. As it warms up, the material begins to melt and combine with the mastic applied to the wall, creating a dense and well-adhering waterproofing layer.

On horizontal or inclined surfaces with a length of more than ten meters, rolled materials are deposited using special devices. On vertical surfaces, the sticker is drawn from the bottom up, the roll is pre-cut into pieces of the required length. The overlap of the canvases is approximately 15-20 centimeters. The edges of the deposited rolls are puttied, after which a finishing layer of mastic is applied with an average thickness of up to 1.3 mm.

According to the composition of the materials used built-up waterproofing is divided into three groups:

made of bituminous roll materials
made of bitumen-polymer materials
made of polymeric materials.

It is worth noting that the built-up type of waterproofing is actually the same as pasting insulation. The difference lies only in the way the insulating material is attached to the base surface. At the same time, the deposition of the material is a more complicated procedure than the sticker, but the result is much better due to the partial mixing of the layers of the insulator.

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This category of waterproofing includes roll materials that are attached to the base by melting the outer layer under high temperature. The application of the material is a simple process, and after the binder hardens, a high-quality waterproofing layer forms on the surface.

This material performs well under pressure "on the clamp" and does not cope well with internal pressure. Therefore, built-up waterproofing is used for roofs, sometimes as a finishing roofing layer, and for arranging foundations. When using built-up materials for the floor, it is necessary to arrange a clamping screed on top. For walls and ceilings, this method of waterproofing is not applicable.

The composition of the rolled deposited material

To create the base of the rolls, several types of materials are used:

Fiberglass refers to inelastic materials, is an interlacing of glass threads. Fiberglass is characterized by significant tensile strength.
Fiberglass is a non-woven material with a random weave of glass threads, has low elasticity and a fairly significant tensile strength.
Polyester is made from randomly arranged polyester fibers. This base is the most expensive, most reliable, with high tensile strength.

As a binder, bituminous materials and bitumen with polymer additives are used.

From above the deposited material can have a stone dressing, from below - a protective polyethylene film

Polymer modifiers serve to increase resistance to low temperatures and heat, increase elasticity, ability to resist loads, durability of the binder and the entire material as a whole. The most popular polymer additives are SBS and APP.

SBS is an artificial rubber. It gives the binder flexibility that is maintained at sub-zero temperatures. The elasticity of baseless artificial rubbers is unique and allows the material to stretch up to 20 times. Heat resistance reaches +100°C. Coatings have excellent adhesion to the base, stable under alternating loads.
In terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, the APP additive is close to thermoplastics. The APP modifier gives bitumen flexibility, resistance to ultraviolet radiation and thermal effects. The high melting point of APP bitumen makes it suitable for use in hot climates.

Welded waterproofing marking

Waterproofing is marked with three letters, the first of which indicates the type of base:

T - fiberglass;
X - fiberglass;
E - polyester.

The last two letters characterize the type of coating that is used as the top and bottom layers. The letter K defines slate or other stone dressing, P - fusible film.

Parameters characterizing the deposited roll materials

When choosing a waterproofing material, a number of factors should be considered:

Thickness is a value that largely determines the durability of waterproofing. The thicker the material, the longer the aging process takes. The greater the thickness, the higher the strength, resistance to mechanical stress and the ability to self-heal. Thick material is easier to work with because it is harder to burn through than thin material.

A thicker layer of binder contributes to a better fit on uneven ground. The binder flows into the irregularities and increases the area of connection of the base with the material. With a small thickness of the binder, the base must be more carefully leveled.

Strength and elasticity of the basis of the rolled material. These indicators determine its resistance to various kinds of deformations - temperature or sedimentary. Due to the strong base, the material exhibits increased resistance to mechanical stress.
Flexibility. This property characterizes the behavior and operational period of waterproofing materials at low temperatures. If the material has low-temperature flexibility, then it is possible to lay it at low temperatures.

Rules for storage and transportation

When storing rolled welded waterproofing, a number of rules must be observed - rolls must be installed in a vertical position, access to moisture and direct sunlight must be blocked. The heat source must be more than a meter away from the rolls.

Waterproofing material is transported in covered transport, preferably in a vertical state. When installed vertically, the number of rows in height is no more than two. For horizontal transportation, no more than five rolls in height are allowed.

Work on the preparation of an insulated base

Before the installation of roll materials, it is necessary to carry out measures to prepare the base:

Leveling - consists in felling and cleaning of concrete influxes, sharp corners and ends of reinforcing bars. The quality of alignment is checked using a special rail.
Sealing of cracks and shells with cement-sand mortar.
Elimination of oil stains by burning. After this procedure, the surface is cleaned of dust and dirt.
The base before the device of this type of waterproofing is dried.

Before installation, it is recommended to test the surface for moisture. To do this, the base area is covered with a polyethylene film 1m x 1m. If condensed moisture appeared under it during the day, then this is evidence of insufficient drying.

There are several methods to speed up the drying of the surface:

The base is wiped with acetone and dried with a building hair dryer.
For large areas, heat guns are used.
Electric cords for heating are laid in expansion joints.
Surface blowing with compressed air. A prerequisite is that the compressor must be equipped with an oil separator.

Stages of laying roll materials

Before laying the rolls, the dried surface is coated with a primer. For cement-sand and concrete surfaces, a bituminous primer purchased in finished form is used. If desired, it is easy to make it yourself from a mixture of bitumen and solvent.

To apply the primer, brushes, brushes or rollers are used.

Hot bituminous mastic is used for priming heat-insulating boards.

The drying time of the primer is influenced by its composition, humidity and air temperature, it ranges from several minutes to several hours. The primer can be considered dry if it does not stick when touched.

The order of laying the deposited material:

The roll is rolled out on the surface.
Cloths are laid with an overlap.
The rolled roll is twisted from both sides to the middle and rolled out again with heating of the lower layer and fixing to the base.
The material is rolled out towards you. For durable gluing, it is desirable to roll it.

Fused waterproofing is a carpet of rolled materials laid with an overlap using a heating source.

If you have any comments, questions or additions on the topic of welded waterproofing, we invite you to continue discussing the topic.

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