Creation of an integrated smart home system. Creating a smart home system How does a smart home work

Before answering the question “how much does a smart home cost”, you need to not only decide what will be included in a particular scenario, but also decide on its manufacturer. The price of the finished system also depends on the company.

The "smart home" system is a software package that combines each device into one network, controlled by the program

Among the many options there are both budget and expensive devices.

Popular manufacturers, equipment

European, American and domestic companies received the greatest recognition in Russia. Among them:

Schneider Electric (France);
ABB (Switzerland);
Gira and Merten (Germany);
Vimar and Teleco (Italy);
Crestron (USA);
Amexis Group, SMARTOP, "Reasonable Home", "Smart Home" and many others - Russia.

The types of equipment with which control is carried out can be divided into two subgroups. These are the engineering and intellectual parts. The first includes everything that requires the constant receipt of commands for its proper functioning, that is, any device that needs to be controlled manually. It can be engineering communications.

The devices are controlled by modules, they can be placed in control panels or directly in front of the equipment

The second subgroup is aimed at managing the previous one. Each automatic unit, controller and sensor, and all such elements constitute the brain of the system, without which it will not work.

Equipment of the company "Reasonable House"

It is impossible to call "smart" separately installed automatic sensors that work independently of each other. Each controller must be tied to a common control panel, the access key to which is available to the owner of the house.

Smart home kit "Zipato"

Manufacturers offer a fairly large number of ready-made models that do not require additional programming and materials. Before purchasing a device, it is advisable to carefully study the market, familiarize yourself with the proposed capabilities and differences in equipment in terms of reliability, ease of use and price.

Possible types of control

Every detail of the finished system must meet the stated needs. In addition to high-quality functioning, device control should be simple and understandable. The three most common ways are:

control via computer;
control using sensors on the panel;
control of equipment operation via smartphone.

Any of these methods is convenient in its own way in operation. To transmit commands, they mainly use online mode or radio signals. The wireless network allows you to get rid of a lot of cables, and in some models you can use the touch panel as a remote control. Mobility is a very important quality, not all systems assume its presence.

If you install a certain kind of software on a smartphone, then you can monitor the correct functioning and adjust the work from a distance. Approximately the same control is carried out through a computer or laptop - the program or the transition to the server of this model of "smart home" allows you to give commands to the main controller or to more local receivers, each of which is responsible for its own piece of equipment. Orders given from the smartphone do not violate the script.

PC control is convenient, but it depends on the availability of electricity and a stable Internet connection.

The ideal solution would be to combine all types of control into one by ordering a common control complex. The downside of such a decision will be the increased price for the implementation of the idea.

Ordering the selected turnkey model: what is the cost?

The price of a ready-made set of hardware and software varies depending on the initial data. The minimum cost of the system is several thousand rubles, the maximum is limited only by imagination. The total amount includes the following:

the price of the equipment that will be used in a particular case;
designing a "smart home" scenario - if this is not a ready-made model, then a certain amount will have to be paid for the individual selection of the capabilities of a smart device;
mounting receivers and transmitters, cables (usually the presence of the latter allows the cheapest and easiest option with minimal features);
installation of software, taking into account the chosen method of regulating the operation of the system.

Usually, another 20% is included in such an estimate for unforeseen expenses, albeit rarely, but arising during the installation of all elements of the device. Summarizing, we can say that the approximate cost of a particular model with a turnkey installation depends on the complexity of execution, the number of controlled mini-systems, and all of the above. In addition, the inconvenient location of engineering communications, which will make it difficult to mount the equipment, can additionally affect the price increase.

The cost of "Smart Home" consists of plug-in control modules. A system for a home or office center is best planned at the design stage

There are two options for getting a turnkey smart home: do it yourself or order from a company that specializes in the manufacture of such devices. The Russian market offers quite a variety of models that will satisfy any need. You can find a suitable script for any budget.

The system may include simple heat and light controllers controlled from a computer, or it may consist of a huge number of various modules and sensors that regulate almost any area of \u200b\u200bthe home, creating the most comfortable conditions with minimal participation of the owner.

Installation

Do-it-yourself installation on a turnkey basis can be overwhelming for an average person who is unfamiliar with the basics of programming. But this option will be much more economical and simpler, and with proper management will bear fruit.

Determining the tasks that a ready-made "smart home" should perform. If you do not want to contact specialists, you will need to carefully study all the possibilities offered by a Russian or foreign manufacturer. It is necessary to fully know all the capabilities of a properly installed system, and decide which of them will be put into practice.
Ideally, you need to choose the components to create a "smart home" from one manufacturer whose products have been carefully studied and trustworthy. This is done so that there is no contradiction in the work of components from different companies, especially if we take into account the desire of each of them to add some kind of “zest” to their products.
After the manufacturer is determined, the necessary elements are purchased. There should also be one Russian supplier, this will help in replacing devices that for some reason turned out to be incompatible with the bulk.
Choosing the right system to manage. At this stage, most often they stop at two methods: the touch panel and the smartphone. The main indicators for the phone will be the price of outgoing SMS and calls, as well as the distance at which this operator guarantees the quality of services provided. You can choose one of the special tariff plans, with the help of which control over the operation of the system will be carried out.
Mounting, which involves the installation of elements according to the scheme supplied with the equipment, the launch of the necessary programs and the work in test mode until the turnkey is ready.

The installation of smart home systems must be entrusted to professionals, they must know the rules for installing low-voltage systems, refrigeration systems, electrical installation, heating, ventilation and all other connected utilities and equipment

The device requires careful installation and patience during the installation process. With the slightest uncertainty about a positive result, it will be the best decision to leave this work to professionals.

What is Smart Home?

The rapid development of modern technologies in recent years has covered almost all areas of our lives. The private housing construction industry was no exception, where we can increasingly hear the concept of "smart home".

And if earlier it seemed like something from the science fiction section or an indicator of "fabulous" wealth and chic, now such a system is becoming really accessible.

System "smart house" (Smart House)- this is a whole network, a lot of devices and devices that interact with each other and are controlled remotely, or with the help of timing programs.

During the operation and operation of this system, safety and comfort are ensured in your home, as well as, which is important at the present time, control over the use of energy resources and optimization of their costs.

The modern "smart home" system, which is becoming more accessible and improving every year, has become an indispensable assistant to the owner of the house. It allows you to forget about small daily tasks, leaving more time for pleasant communication with your family.

Technologies and equipment

"Smart" lighting. It is no secret that for comfort and coziness in the house, as well as for creating a certain style of interior, it is lighting that takes on a big role.

The entire electrical network of the "smart home" is integrated into a single control system, which provides great opportunities for efficient use of electricity, as well as full automation of the process.

For example: the light itself turns on as soon as you cross the threshold of your house. And as you walk up the stairs, your path is illuminated by many small lights that light up as you approach. There can be thousands of such options and they are strictly individual in every house and every family.

Heating. Regardless of the type of system you use to heat your home (gas or electric), underfloor heating, it can also be combined into a "smart" one.

Now you can not only control the temperature in each room separately, but you can even do it remotely by sending the appropriate command from a computer or smartphone.

This allows you to significantly save money, since during your long absence it is possible to reduce the temperature and make it comfortable for you when you return home.

In the event of a system breakdown or gas leakage, the system automatically blocks operation and warns you about this in an accessible way.

Multiroom. In recent years, we are surrounded by more and more electrical appliances for various purposes and functionality, but they are all created with a single purpose: make our life easier and make it more comfortable. Can they be made even "smarter"?

It turns out that with this system, new opportunities open up for all electrical appliances in the house.

Hot coffee and a warm breakfast will be waiting for you by the time the morning alarm rings; as soon as you enter the house, your favorite radio wave will turn on, you will not miss the TV show that you are waiting for ... And there can be many such options.

Ensuring safety in the house. For any home, there are several threats that can be prevented with reliable protection.

A smart home monitors security not only by protecting the house from criminals, but also from natural disasters and force majeure inside the premises: video surveillance both outside and in the room itself, motion sensors, fire alarms, smoke, water, gas sensors, etc. d.

Moreover, if necessary, the system will take action to eliminate the danger or call the appropriate services.

It seems that quite recently we read the works of science fiction, dreamed with them and could not imagine that the coffee maker would prepare espresso for us during the morning exercise, and the refrigerator would warn us about the end of milk. Nevertheless, it happened: the news about the emergence of smart gadgets fills the network, and all that is required of us - apart from solvency, of course - is to understand a little what is happening.

Let's be honest: everyone has heard about a smart home, someone even follows the success of Xiaomi and Zuckerberg, but not everyone understands what, in fact, it is all about. For many people, the concept of Smart Home is still fantastic and transcendent, and someone completely ignores its existence. Our readers are not one of those, so we have written an introductory article for you about the essence of the “smart home” phenomenon.

What does "smart home" mean?

First of all, let's understand the terms. This is important, because expressions that are close in meaning are often confused even in the Internet media, and the Russian-language "smart home" and the American "smart house" are not entirely equivalent concepts.

Under the "smart home" (English smart home) is commonly understood as a home automation system. This is a set of devices that, for our convenience, make decisions and perform routine tasks around the house. A smart home is formed in a personal household in a single apartment: the coffee makers mentioned above, apartment microclimate systems, smart bulbs and automatic doors - all this is a smart home. In Russia, this concept usually includes the so-called multiroom - a control system for multimedia devices: TVs, projectors, speakers. In the West, the separation of the terms "smart home" and "multi-room" is dictated by market conditions.

But the term “smart building” refers to the organization of management of an entire multi-apartment building and includes central heating, water supply and security systems. As a rule, the organization of a "smart" building is the task of developers or members of the council of the house. The concepts are closely related to each other, but we will only talk about smart home, and in the Russian sense.

History milestones

No matter how modern the concept of a smart home may seem, the history of this phenomenon begins in the middle of the 20th century - just from the time when science fiction writers first started talking about it. It was the beginning of the computer era - and the principle of the smart home is based on programming. Of course, at that time there was no Internet and cloud services, but bulky clumsy plug-in modules and ubiquitous punched cards could well have done what they had planned.

Videophone in 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968

At first, the matter was limited to the efforts of enthusiastic inventors, who either laid cables throughout the house and mounted control consoles in the walls, or were already starting to use the first computers. Alas, these ideas did not receive a response from the mass population. However, in 1966, James Sutherland programmed the Echo IV computer to turn on the instruments on a schedule, as well as to communicate with tracking and alarm sensors. We owe the appearance of the sensors themselves to the brothers Joel and Ruth Spiram, who in 1961 patented their dimmer - a device that automatically adjusts the light. But these are the times when The Beatles have not even signed their first contract!

Echo IV computer

It was still far from mass implementation, but already in 1978 there was a kind of breakthrough, often called the birth of the modern smart home: the Scottish company Pico Electronics developed the first data transmission standard, universal for all home automation devices. The essence of the standard was to create a tire that any manufacturer could equip with a household appliance, be it a juicer or a vacuum cleaner. It was akin to a programming language familiar to all specialists, or an operating system on which all applications could run. The connection was made through ordinary sockets, in addition there were communication modules, consoles and even control programs for computers. We owe the era of the X10 standard to the emergence of such familiar technologies as light that turns on by cotton, or automatically opening doors.

The emergence of a single standard gave impetus to new experiments and the birth of a specialized market. Soon it came to a new term: in 1984, a representative of the American Association of Home Builders first used the expression "smart home", which later became common. For the association, the creation of the term was a marketing ploy, which confirms the intensity of the development of the idea at that time.

The Electronic Industry Association also joined the development of the concept, which initiated the creation of another universal standard. Their protocol called CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus) was an upgrade of X10 and soon replaced the prototype in the US market.

The first mass acquaintance of people with the concept of a smart home occurred in 1999. And the main intermediary was ... Disney, which released a film about a computerized house that began an independent life.

Shot from the movie "Smart Home"

In the zero years, the home automation segment is replenished with new manufacturing companies. However, the real revolution was the appearance of the first iPhone and other smartphones. The applications and hardware capabilities of handheld computers have spurred engineers to new inventions: by 2012, according to ABI Research, 1.5 million home automation systems were installed in the US alone.

How does everything work?

The operation of a smart home is based on the principle of executing commands, and the central controller can receive them both from a person and from sensors. In the first case, you ask the system to make coffee, turn on the air conditioner or turn off the heating, and the central processor, having processed the command, sends it to the desired device. Depending on your preferences, communication with the central controller is carried out through voice commands, a remote control or a smartphone.

In the second case, the presence of a person is not required. The computer either communicates commands to the devices at a certain time in accordance with previously specified algorithms, or makes decisions on the basis of the readings of the sensors, depending on changing conditions. For example, in thermoregulation systems, temperature and humidity sensors report data to the system, which, in turn, sets the desired parameters for heating, air conditioning, and humidification. Another example: motion sensors detect activity in the house when it should not be - the computer perceives this as a signal to turn on the alarm or send a message to the security service.

Central controller for Xiaomi smart home devices

The whole smart home system, therefore, consists of three main elements:

sensors that receive information from the surrounding world;
hub, or central controller, which processes information and makes decisions;
devices that perform applied tasks and make our life easier.

All components of the smart home system can be connected to each other via wired or wireless communication. The first option seems more archaic, but this way the system is less prone to failures. Some manufacturers offer cable-based solutions for this reason; including AMX, Ctestron, Evika. Radio communication, in turn, presents more conveniences and features, such as ease of installation and remote control. Wireless communication involves the use of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or special standards, which we will discuss later in the article. Wireless automation systems are manufactured by Gira, Vitrum, Z-Wave, Jung, Zamel and others. To provide system reliability and convenience, some manufacturers (for example, Insteon) offer complete solutions based on wired and wireless devices at the same time.

Smart home systems can be centralized or non-centralized. In the first, all devices are controlled from a single module, which makes it possible to build complex automation schemes. Non-centralized systems consist of autonomous chains of devices or even "single" devices. Such solutions provide greater system security.

Smart home technologies

What in reality should be considered a smart home? Bill Gates' $200 million robot house or a modest apartment with smart thermal and lighting systems? Smart home is a figurative name for all home automation systems, and a huge number of technologies on the market can be combined and combined as you like, depending on needs and preferences. But let's still try to put this set in order.

Lighting control systems

Light control is probably the most popular and affordable format of home automation systems, the segment even has its own name - “smart light”. In your entrance, probably, a lamp has already been installed that turns on when a person clap or moves. The basis of such systems are dimmers and smart lamps that work together with sensors for measuring illumination and the presence of a living object.

Here are examples of the main features of "smart light":

control of natural light by automating the operation of blinds, curtains, shutters and awnings (curtains and cornices Lutron);
turn on / off the light when a person appears in the house or room (Philips smart lamps);
automatic brightness control depending on the illumination, time of day and the number of people in the room;
dimming the room when you turn on the TV or projector;
imitation of the presence of the owners in the house to ensure security (BeON lamp);
light notification of various events (Xiaomi Philips EyeCare 2 lamp);
"light scenarios" - design possibilities of light accentuation and shading of interior items (Nanoleaf Aurora Smarter Kit lamps);
the ability to set custom work algorithms - turn on the light at full brightness when waking up, set soft light while reading, etc .;
remote control of the lighting operation through voice commands, a program on a smartphone or a control panel.

Application of Aurora lamps in interior design

The components of the light system can interact via radio, but this solution is not always the most convenient. A balanced system can be called a complex that includes the usual switches and dimmers with an additional wireless remote control option (Linear Z-Wave Dimmer switch). Or, as implemented in the Xiaomi Yeelight Bedside Lamp smart lamp, the ability to control the light through a smartphone and a hardware button on the device itself.

Xiaomi Yeelight Bedside Lamp

The following technologies can be cited as examples of smart light:

smart lamp Elgato Avea Bulb, which changes not only the brightness, but also the color shades of lighting;
a Kickstarter LIFX lamp that works without a controller or transmitter;
Xiaomi CooWoo lamp, which can operate from a built-in battery;
a smart Vocca lamp holder, controlled by voice and requiring no additional devices.

An example of the color possibilities of a LIFX lamp

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems

The benefits of life, hidden under the acronym HVAC (eng. HVAC), are designed to maintain a comfortable temperature, humidity and air purity for life, and, importantly, save electricity. Combining these systems into one automated complex was one of the first tasks of implementing smart home concepts. Human health directly depends on HVAC, therefore, not only functionality and ease of use, but also stability of work are most relevant for these systems.

Typically, HVAC systems are combined into a single complex system that works autonomously and independently of other components of a smart home. This is necessary so that in case of failures and malfunctions of any element of the HVAC system, work continues.

Smart HVAC systems perform the following functions:

maintaining a constant comfortable temperature at home by automatically regulating the operation of radiators, electric heaters and underfloor heating (Loxone systems);
saving money on heating by automatically turning off or reducing the intensity of heating (Nest Learning thermostat);
lowering the room temperature to a comfortable night;
automatic regulation of the operation of humidifiers, dehumidifiers and air ionizers depending on the humidity index (Xiaomi Smartmi Air Humidifier humidifier);
automatic operation of air conditioners, fan coil units, fans and fresh air supply systems (Keen Smart Vens);
automation of plumbing systems - for example, closing water supply valves in the absence of a person in the house (Insteon valves).

Controlling your Nest thermostat from your smartphone

Structurally, the autonomy of the HVAC systems is ensured by connecting devices to a separate main module. For a heating system, this is usually a smart thermostat with a wall-mounted control panel, such as the Elgato Eve Thermo smart thermostat. The device regulates the temperature of room batteries automatically according to a preset preset. Additionally, the controller can be controlled through the Apple Home Kit app or using the button on the device panel.

Smart thermostat Elgato Eve Thermo

Security systems

Many ordinary apartments, far from the title of a smart home, are equipped with automatic security systems. However, smart security systems can complement a complex home automation system and become an integrated part of it. Security systems are equipped with cameras, alarms and a wide variety of sensors: motion, presence, door opening detectors.

It is necessary to distinguish between engineering and personal security. For the first in a smart home, there are:

tracking leaks in the plumbing system (NetBotz system);
automatic fire extinguishing system (EPOTOS products);
wire failure monitoring and short circuit protection (Seek Thermal thermal imagers).

Seek Thermal Imager

Personal security systems perform the following functions:

external surveillance through video intercoms, cameras and infrared radiation devices (Elgato Eve Motion motion sensor);
remote sending or saving data (Oco 2 cloud camera);
automatic alarm or security call (Schneider Electric sound and light systems);
monitoring the integrity of the fence of the site, windows and doors (Home Monitoring Kit);
control of access rights to the house (smart lock Kwikset Kevo).

Personal security systems operate autonomously and are managed from a central hub. Additionally, a central alarm system is installed, which independently interacts with the owner only to confirm the need to call security services.

Monitoring systems for children, the elderly, the disabled and animals

This category is designed to protect family members who need control and supervision. The section could be divided into 3 parts, but here we will limit ourselves to a brief overview and classification. Sometimes, even if you do not intend to turn your home into a smart home, such technologies can help loved ones and relieve unnecessary stress during separation.

video surveillance and audio communication through recording cameras and real-time monitoring, baby monitors and infrared cameras (Samsung video baby monitors);
remote notifications;
automated movement and closing access to the premises (S-max Sella lift chair);
monitoring location and health indicators using GPS trackers, physical activity sensors and devices for automatic measurement of medical indicators (Redmond SkyTracker).

Smart collar Mishiko

In Russia, systems and devices of this category are only gaining popularity, but the world market does not stand still. Good examples of new technologies in this category are the Ramili Baby baby monitors, which monitor a child's breathing, or the Tecnalia system under development, which can recognize a nervous breakdown in households.

Baby Monitor Ramili Baby RV1200

Smart Appliance Management

The category of smart devices and gadgets is the most numerous and interesting. This is where amazing smart pressure cookers, refrigerators, multimedia centers and robotic vacuum cleaners come in. The list of modern smart devices is endless, but we will try to classify them briefly:

Household kitchen appliances: refrigerators, multicookers, electric stoves, exhaust systems, coffee makers, juicers, etc. (SOEKS ecotester);
Other household appliances: washing machines, vacuum cleaners, scales, dryers, irons, etc. (Panda robotic vacuum cleaners);
Furniture and interior items: cornices, curtains, automatic doors, wardrobes, lampshades, armchairs, sleeping beds, etc. (Balluga bed);
Multimedia equipment: TVs, projectors, video players, musical equipment, acoustic systems, karaoke (Trivium multi-room system);
Games and entertainment: educational games for children, robots, etc. (robot Ozobot).

Zenbo Companion Robot

Eyes run up from the number of smart things and their capabilities! Meanwhile, the home automation market is also not without problems, so let's talk about them too.

Market fragmentation and protocols

The main problem of modern Smart Home systems is the lack of a universal standard that would fit all devices on the market. When setting up a smart home, you may want to equip the system with products from various manufacturers, such as a Xiaomi security system and an Apple security camera. However, many companies do not care about the compatibility of their devices with other products. In the best case, your smartphone will have a whole set of applications - each for its own smart home component. Agree, not very convenient. Some equipment is even equipped with proprietary closed source software. The interests of companies are obvious, but the interests of users are definitely ignored by devices that do not work in the system.

The problem has existed for a long time, and we have already told in the history section about the creation of the first protocols designed to make the work of all systems universal. Today, there is a trend towards the merger of companies involved in the development of home automation systems. As a result, more and more smart devices support universal standards. The most promising and advanced universal protocols are currently Z-Wave and ZigBee; and we propose to dwell on them in a little more detail.

Z-Wave and ZigBee

Both protocols were specifically developed for home automation systems. Their goal is not only to provide the system with universality, but also to secure it. Both Z-Wave and ZigBee belong to the category of mesh networks; this means that the message within them has multiple paths to reach its destination. This distribution reduces the likelihood of failures and guarantees security: if any node is damaged, the message is redirected to the nearest available device. In a mesh network, each device is connected to several others.

Z-Wave operates in the low radio frequency range up to 1GHz, which is convenient because there is much less potential for interference than at the 2.4GHz frequency that Wi-Fi and Bluetooth operate on. An additional advantage can be considered small delays in the transmission of short commands.

More and more companies are beginning to support open protocols, even such giants as Xiaomi.

In addition to the advantages of a mesh structure, ZigBee provides the ability to select a routing algorithm depending on the network condition and program requirements. The protocol provides enhanced security and low power consumption, which means long battery life of network devices.

Alliances have already formed around both protocols, which include manufacturers of systems for smart homes. The list of companies is extremely wide, it can be found on the official websites of Z-Wave and ZigBee.

Smart home - future or present?

Imagine that Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, invited you to his house. You enter a spacious hallway, the smart assistant Jarvis turns on a moderately bright light so you can take off your shoes and hang up your outerwear. In the living room, the assistant adjusts the soft light, comfortable for relaxing. Mark asks Jarvis to turn on some pleasant background music - and Miles Davis' saxophone sounds from the speakers. After dinner, you decide to watch a movie, and Jarvis turns on the TV for you, and the lights around him dim to a minimum. While you enjoy watching, the smart assistant does not sit still: he monitors the safety of Mark's daughters, and if the children cry, Jarvis will immediately inform his father in the voice of Morgan Freeman. The bell rings - the guests have arrived. Jarvis immediately scans the visitors and informs the owner of the house who is at the door. After a pleasant evening, you go to bed. In the morning, Jarvis prepares breakfast for all the guests, and he has a clean T-shirt in store for Mark - he shoots it from the pump right into Zuckerberg's hands!

This example of smart home organization is just one of many. Bill Gates' home may surprise even more: it is equipped with a glass elevator with voice control; swimming pool with automatic adjustment of comfortable water temperature; control system for every plant in the garden and in the house, and much more.

Of course, to get such a smart home, you need to lead a successful company. But in general, smart technologies and automation systems are no longer the prerogative of the elite: the market is growing, more and more solutions for consumers appear on it. To set up your smart home, you only need the desire to immerse yourself in the topic and directly deal with the organization. Of course, there are plenty of turnkey solutions out there—from BTicino, Crestron, Legrand, and others, for example—but you can start small. Let's say with a smart light bulb - why not?

The amazing era of IoT, the Internet of things - the global interaction of everything with everything through the network - in fact, is just beginning, and the smart home is a good example of what awaits us in the future, but is already available today.

The term "smart home" today means the comprehensive introduction of high-tech devices into everyday life, which make it possible to ensure a high level of comfort for residents. A distinctive feature of systems of this type is the maximum automation of a number of processes with minimal human participation. In addition, one of the criteria for a "smart home" is the centralized control of all devices involved in the complex. The "smart home" system has a modular design and consists of functionally separated blocks with their full or partial integration into a single system. Each module is involved in the performance of strictly designated tasks, meanwhile, the blocks can interact with each other.

Possible modular content of the modern "smart home" system:

Central control controller, which unites other components and ensures their interaction. Such a controller can be either an industrial solution in the form of a complete device, or a regular computer with the appropriate software.
Climate system. Consists of control units for heating and ventilation, ensures the maintenance of a given microclimate in the room.
Lighting and switching control energy consumers.
STSO(complex of technical means of protection). It includes a fire and security alarm, a video surveillance system and modules for remote notification of the owner about alarm situations.
Accounting, data collection and storage system. The tasks of the module include collecting information from metering devices, fixing various events and providing data for analysis in order to assess the effectiveness of the entire complex.
Channels of connection. As data transmission channels, networks operating with the TCP / IP protocol in a wired or wireless version are used. Appropriate converters are used to integrate devices with specialized interfaces into a network.

Each of the modules described above can be implemented using various hardware and software. The most common and frequently used solutions are as follows:

Control

As a control controller of the "smart home" system, the use of a single-board computer of industrial design is most justified. Such computers are characterized by small size, low power consumption, absence of mechanical parts (fans, hard drives) and run on open source software. The number and type of available interfaces can in most cases be changed and supplemented.

It is logical that independent programming of such devices requires certain skills and knowledge. Access to the controller is carried out over the network, using the WEB interface or client applications. There are also ready-made solutions designed to manage the entire complex, and provide the user with a simple user-friendly interface for setting up.

To control the "smart home" it is convenient to use universal remotes that support the execution of macros - ordered sets of actions. Radio remotes in this case are more effective than IR remotes, as they allow you to control outside the direct line of sight of the IR receiver. A more modern control panel can be a smartphone with specialized software installed on it.

Climate

Climate control is implemented by evaluating the readings of temperature and humidity sensors. Based on the analysis of these data, automatic adjustment of heating, switching on or off of air conditioning, ventilation and humidification systems is carried out.

Lighting

It is implemented by installing light sensors, presence or combined. If necessary, the control controller allows you to control the lighting according to the schedule. When using dimmer devices, not only discrete, but also smooth adjustment of the brightness of light sources is possible.

Security and safety

The complex of security means may consist of several subsystems:

1. Security and fire alarm (OPS). Presence sensors are used as detecting devices, which react to the appearance in the controlled area of infrared radiation inherent in the human body. To detect the opening of the door, magnetic contact sensors are installed. Fire safety is controlled by smoke, temperature and gas leakage sensors. Many modern fire and security alarm systems have a radio communication module that allows you to notify the owner using GSM or 3G networks. Often, an alarm system allows the connection of any electrical appliances through a dry relay, which allows you to block the lock, turn on the lights, turn on the siren, etc. on an alarm signal. Sometimes the alarm system includes a humidity sensor, which allows you to timely detect the fact of water leakage.

2. Access control system. It consists of an identification device, directly identifiers (electronic keys, radio tags, fingerprint), a blocking device (lock, barrier, automatic gate) and is designed to restrict access to a room or territory.

3. Video surveillance system. It is a complex consisting of video cameras and a device for processing and storing a video signal.

Accounting and data processing

In most cases, this functionality is implemented using the control controller using the appropriate software.

Connection

The transport channel, as a rule, is a local network made using wired or wireless technology. A router is used to manage the network, which allows you to control all network devices and provide protection from unauthorized access to each of them. Modern technologies of high-speed data transmission allow simultaneous use of the network for the exchange of information between computers, the transmission of IP-TV signals, telephony, and the operation of "smart home" components.

In addition to the above, smart home systems often use devices that do not interact with the entire complex. These can be devices for automatic cleaning (robot vacuum cleaners), automatic watering systems for plants, feeding pets, and much more. Despite the fact that such devices are autonomous, their integration with the system is quite possible by simply turning the power on or off by the control controller.

What are smart home systems

To implement the system, all equipment used must be compatible with each other. To this end, the Electronic Industries Alliance was formed to develop a single electronics standard. This decision allowed various companies to produce universal equipment used in the Smart Home.

Classification of systems according to the main criteria:

centralized / decentralized;
wired/wireless;
with open/closed protocol.

Ready-made Smart Home systems help save time when managing various entertainment and engineering systems in the premises.

Centralized and decentralized home control - the number of modules and their work

Centralized Management represents one logical module. Its role is played by a programmable controller with a large number of outputs. An individual program is written for a specific object for such a computer. Based on this software, all engineering networks and actuating devices are managed.

The advantage of a centralized system is the ability to manage the entire building from one place and in a single interface. Using the central controller, you can create scenarios of various complexity, linking them to certain actions, seasons or days. This option allows you to connect a large number of different equipment. Companies such as AMX, Crestron, Z-Wave, Ectostroy, Bechoff specialize in this.

When a centralized system is set up, the performance of all equipment will depend on the controller and the program embedded in it. If the computer fails, then all the modules tied to it will cease to function. It is optimal to connect this complex through an uninterruptible power supply.

If you need to reprogram the Smart Home, and the programmer is not around, then the algorithm will have to be written again. Therefore, an important selection criterion is the selection of a reliable and high-quality controller.

decentralized system can also be called distributed. In this case, each element of the system (actuating device) is an independent microcontroller with a type of memory in which information is stored even in the event of a power failure. This factor increases the reliability of the complex as a whole. If any element fails, the entire system of the apartment or house continues to function further, with the exception of the “dropped out” link.

The decentralized system is reliable, with the ability to connect additional "smart" blocks to create special scenarios. On sale there is a wide range of panels for controlling devices, differing in functionality and design. The leading manufacturers in this area are: ABB, Scheider Electric, HDL, Berker, Gira, Vimar.

The disadvantages of the complex include a large number of equipment that complete the shield. It can periodically break down, which will entail material costs for replacement.

Use of conductors and wireless technologies

Wired Smart Home System It is built on the principle of transmitting all signals from control devices to execution units via an information bus. Such a bus can be special conductors or twisted pair.

The advantage of a wired system is its reliability due to the use of shielded conductors. This eliminates interference and interference in the network. Also, this data transmission system has a high response speed. When a particular command is given, there are no delays due to interference or other factors.

So, when organizing a wireless system, the command response may be delayed. A person by pressing the button again tries to achieve the operation of the device. There is a clogging of the information bus with duplicate signals, which can lead to the freezing of the entire complex.

To organize a wired Smart Home system, a diverse selection of control elements is offered, which are smart switches. Such mechanisms are multifunctional and have a stylish design. In such systems, it is easier to introduce any new element of multimedia or climate control.

The wired system is fireproof and has a long service life without revision. The disadvantages include the lack of mobility of the location of the switches. Also, the cable exit points to the control panels must be provided in advance.

High-quality installation of information networks is important for the reliable operation of the system. The organization of a Smart Home is possible only in new housing or at the beginning of repairs. With classical wiring laid, it will be technically impossible to organize the system.

Wireless system It is built on the principle of radio signal transmission from the main device (control panel) to the executive body. This solution allows you to reduce the number of wires laid in the room and the time for installing devices. Wireless equipment is very suitable for installation in a wooden house, where it is necessary to minimize the integrity of natural materials. The main manufacturers of this type are: Z-Wave, Berker, HDL, Zamel, Vitrum, Gira.

The advantage of such a complex is the possibility of installation in buildings with ready repairs and conventional wiring. Each wireless control panel communicates with other panels and can send commands to them. This interconnection of equipment allows you to create different lighting scenarios in different rooms.

Mobile control panels can be located in convenient places for owners. They are made of two types: built-in and laid on. The radio system does not require a special preliminary design. Therefore, such a Smart Home system is easily implemented with your own hands.

The operation of all "intelligent" devices depends on the quality of the radio signal. The disadvantage of the wireless complex is that many household electrical consumers cause interference to transmitted signals. Batteries will also need to be replaced regularly.

Wireless Smart Home is limited in functionality due to the instability of the transmitted signals. Therefore, the security of such a complex is lower, since there is the possibility of signal jamming by hackers.

Open/Closed Automation System Protocol

The protocol is a code system for the interconnection of all devices with each other, on the basis of which the Smart Home works. In Europe, the KNX protocol is considered the most popular. The advantage of this type is the interaction with the non-volatile memory of devices, as well as the independent operation of each device.

The KNX protocol is open. This data transfer standard is very popular. Therefore, there are no problems with the service of such a system if necessary. The products of many manufacturers work in this "language". It is tested for compatibility with each other.

The advantage of an open protocol is a large selection of devices with different designs or a suitable set of functions. The leading manufacturers are: KNX, Wago, Bechoff. Competition between manufacturers is increasingly causing the release of updated and improved models. The cost of such devices, with an open protocol, is higher than a closed one.

Due to the inflexibility of devices with open communication and their dependence on certain standards, new products began to appear on the market that operate on a closed proprietary protocol. This led to a reduction in the cost of manufacturing equipment and a simplification of the programming process. Many manufacturers began to have their own line of products that other firms do not manufacture. Equipment operating on a closed protocol is manufactured by: ABB, HDL, Vimar, Bticino.

Among the advantages of closed protocol technologies are non-standard interesting solutions at affordable prices, mobility in the market. The disadvantages include the factor of the buyer's dependence on one manufacturer.

What are the benefits of a smart home system? Is it worth buying?

Smart systems are becoming more and more popular and affordable. The market offers a large selection of multifunctional devices for home automation. Saving resources is manifested in their consumption only at the necessary moments when people are at home. In other cases, the system puts the house into an energy-saving mode. This is especially true for private housing and cottages with a large area.

A smart home can take care of pets too. According to a given program, it turns on the supply of food, water, adjusts the light in the aquarium or opens the doors for the animals to leave the house. You can watch your four-legged friends on your tablet. If there are animals in the house, it is advisable to organize a wired network by hiding all the wiring behind the walls. Control panels must be built in. This will protect the system from damage.

In the case of children, the Smart Home system will allow you to control their behavior in an apartment or house. You can restrict the inclusion of the TV and computer. Or provide access to the Internet if they meet certain conditions.

The most important advantage of the "intelligent" home is remote monitoring and control over housing. The system protects against intrusion by thieves. It is also a good way to prevent accidents. In a critical situation, you can turn off the water, turn off the power supply or transmit a fire signal. All notifications and warnings are sent as messages to the building owner.

The Smart Home system determines prices by its versatility. For the budget option, the main logical modules are purchased, and over time, additional ones are purchased, which will expand the capabilities of the complex.

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