Ways to prevent and treat migraine with drugs. Migraine Prevention Drugs: Best Medicines Additional Indications for Migraine Preventive Treatment

Migraine is a fairly common ailment. This is a chronic neurological disease. It is known that it is inherited. It is characterized by severe attacks of headache. Women are more likely to suffer from migraines, but men can also be affected.

Attacks, on average, occur from 2 to 8 times a month. The patient's quality of life is reduced: over time, there is a loss of ability to work and at all the assignment of disability. Prevention of migraine consists in identifying the factors that provoked the attack and in eliminating these factors.

Most often, patients can independently identify among the previous events the fact that became the cause of the attack or the reason why the relapses became more frequent. Doctors identify the following factors:

• chronic stress and fatigue;
• emotional overstrain due to experienced negative emotions or their suppression;
• the use of foods that provoke seizures;
• decrease in blood glucose levels;
• hormonal changes.

It's getting harder and harder to deal with the stresses of everyday life. Anti-anxiety medications may help. It is important to consult with your doctor before use.

Too little or too much sleep can also cause headaches. For an adult of working age, an eight-hour night's sleep is quite enough (no less than 6 hours and no more than 9!). However, everyone is individual and everyone already knows the needs of his body. For the prevention of migraine, it is important to observe the sleep and rest regimen.

Avoid emotional overwork. You need to learn how to transform your negative emotions or splash them out without scandals. To do this, you can use psychological unloading: tear paper to shreds, paint or go to boxing training. Everyone has their own methods of splashing out the accumulated experiences. You should also pay attention to teas with mint and lemon balm - a great way to relax.

Dangerous food

The dependence of migraine attacks on food products was revealed. So, here is a list of foods to avoid:

• Products containing amine. This supplement provokes the vessels of the brain to sharply narrow and expand. Amines are found in expensive varieties of cheese, sausages, legumes, chicken liver, smoked fish, crabs, as well as in some fruits (citrus fruits and pineapples);
• Coffee, as well as caffeinated. Even drinking green tea should be avoided. Such healthy dark chocolate is especially dangerous. Sweet tooth note: milk and white chocolate are not classified as dangerous products;
• Alcoholic drinks. Especially champagne, dark beers and dry red wine. Moreover, for the occurrence of an attack, it will be enough just a glass of wine or half a mug of beer;
• Spices: cinnamon, red pepper, nutmeg.

Hypoglycemia is a decrease in blood sugar levels. From this revealed the dependence of migraine attacks. Decreased blood sugar levels occur due to skipping meals and snacking. That is why it is so important to eat regularly and nutritiously.

The hormonal background in the body of women is constantly fluctuating. It is believed that headaches are most prone to in the first half of the menstrual cycle, or rather, at its very beginning. Also, migraine attacks are subject to the fair sex at the time of menopause (menopause). Women taking hormonal contraceptives are also at risk.

Treatment is aimed at timely relief of seizures and their prevention. Preventive treatment can be carried out with the help of drugs or detection and subsequent exclusion of predisposing factors. As a rule, patients themselves assume what events provoke excruciating headaches and know how to prevent migraines.

Drug prevention consists in taking medications with the aim of influencing migraine attacks. Their frequency, duration and intensity of headache should decrease. It is also necessary to exclude the transition of migraine into a chronic form.

Preventive treatment has a purely individual approach and one cannot do without consulting a doctor.

Indications for drug prophylaxis

Prophylactic drug treatment is used to improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from frequent and severe migraine attacks (or attacks). The decision on such treatment is made by the neurologist. Indications for taking drugs:

• The frequency of attacks reaches two times a month and even more. At the same time, the state of health is extremely difficult and it negatively affects working capacity;
• The drugs that the patient takes for seizures do not give the desired effect;
• Seizures are caused by disorders of the nervous system. These are various neurological disorders, possible epileptic seizures;
• “Treat”, that is, stop, an attack occurs more than twice a week.

(hemicrania) is a chronic disease that doctors have been trying to understand for decades. Experts have long been inclined to believe that severe headache, nausea, sensitivity to sound, light have no clear cause. Today everything is different. It turned out that migraine attacks are most often caused by stress, caffeine, and even a lack of vitamins in the diet. Does this mean that migraine prevention is possible? Yes, it is possible to prevent an attack, both with the help of medications and through lifestyle changes.

Migraines can be avoided

Migraines cannot be cured, but they can be prevented. Preventive therapy reduces the frequency of attacks, reduces the intensity of pain. Preventive treatment is for patients who have 3 or more attacks per month, suffering from pain that lasts for several days. When prescribing therapy, it is necessary to take into account the side effects of drugs. Rarely this method is recommended for women during pregnancy using hormonal contraception.

Indications for prescribing preventive treatment:

• high frequency of migraine attacks - more than 3 per month;
• seizures - prolonged or unresponsive to acute treatment;
• contraindications or insufficiency of acute therapy, for example, in patients with difficult to control arterial hypertension, after a heart attack;
• significant side effects of acute treatment;
• prevention of rare types of migraine, such as hemiplegic or basilar, a disease with a prolonged aura, where there is an increased risk of irreversible neurological deficit.

The main goals of preventive treatment:

• reduction in the frequency, severity, duration of migraine attacks;
• improving response to acute treatment, reducing the dose of drugs used;
• improving the quality of life of patients with migraine.

When initiating preventive therapy, it is important to follow a strictly individual approach, taking into account the wishes of the patient. Many people are so satisfied with the use of triptans during an attack that they prefer only acute treatment.

Triptans are drugs used to relieve acute migraine attacks. Available in the form of tablets, injections, nasal sprays.

Medical preventive therapy

Drug prevention of migraine (drugs) uses the following therapeutic groups of drugs: β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants - TCAs and SSRIs, serotonin antagonists, antiepileptics, NSAIDs.

β-blockers

Propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker with a half-life of 4-6 hours, is the 1st choice in this group worldwide. Its efficacy compared to placebo has been demonstrated in several studies. Initial dose - 20 mg 2 times a day, may increase depending on tolerance and efficacy up to 240 mg / day.

In our country, Metoprolol is mainly used in a therapeutic dose of 100-200 mg / day. It starts with a low dose (2x50 mg), slowly increases depending on tolerance.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

CCBs are drugs for the prevention and treatment of migraine that have the ability to block the release of serotonin, influence the mechanism of sterile neurovascular inflammation, and prevent the formation and spread of cortical depression. Flunarizine shows the greatest efficiency in this group. The drug is taken at a dose of 5-10 mg daily (1 mg 5 times a day). The increase to the full therapeutic dose is carried out gradually due to the risk of fatigue.

Sedation is the most common side effect of the drug. Often there is an increase in appetite and, as a result, weight gain.

Other drugs in this group include Verapamil. Starting at 2x40mg per day, the dosage is increased depending on the effect and tolerance. The maximum daily intake is 240 mg. Side effects include hypotension, constipation, fluid retention in the body (edema). Verapamil is contraindicated in a number of diseases:

• serious violations of alveolar transmission;
• sinus node weakness syndrome (sick sinus syndrom);
• sinus bradycardia;
• heart failure;
• hypotension;
• aortic stenosis.

A good effect in the prevention of migraine shows the use of Cinnarizine (75 mg / day). Reception begins with a fairly low dose of 2-3x25 mg / day.

The effect of Nimodipine and Nifedipine in the prevention of migraine has not been reliably studied.

Antiepileptic drugs

Antiepileptic (another name - anticonvulsant) drugs play an indispensable role in the prevention of migraine attacks. These are the first choice drugs for migraine accompanied by epilepsy, bipolar disorder, anxiety, Raynaud's disease, diabetes.

Gabapentin has been shown to be highly effective in controlled studies. The recommended dosage is 600-1800 mg/day, with a higher dose (2400 mg/day) the prophylactic efficacy is significantly increased. High doses are also used for drug-resistant migraine and daily headache. The undeniable advantage of Gabapentin is the low incidence of side effects. However, it should be started at a low dose and gradually increased according to tolerance and efficacy.

Topiramate has shown good results in 2 placebo-controlled studies. The recommended daily dose is 100 mg. Side effects of the drug include paresthesia, taste disturbance, loss of appetite followed by weight loss, memory impairment.

Topiramate and Gabapentin are the drugs most commonly used to prevent migraines and to suppress signs of illness in a child.

Antidepressants

Drug prevention of migraine from all groups of antidepressants includes only tricyclic antidepressants. The mechanism of action of these drugs is the inhibition of 5-HT2 receptors. The most commonly used medication is Amitriptyline at the recommended daily dose of 25-100 mg. Reception begins with 25 mg, the dosage is gradually increased.

Nortriptyline has less sedative effects, taken at 10-150 mg / day.

Both drugs also inhibit the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Therapy and prevention of seizures with these drugs is recommended, in particular, in patients with comorbid depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, or other disease syndromes. The most common side effects include fatigue, drowsiness (should start at a low dose), dry mouth, increased appetite, and weight gain.

Serotonin antagonists (5-HT2 receptor antagonists)

This is a group of previously popular prophylactic agents that are rarely used by modern medicine. 5-HT2 receptor antagonists have anticholinergic and antiradikinin effects in addition to their direct effects on serotonin receptors and antihistamine properties. Some drugs also affect dopamine receptors. The best-known substance in this group is Pizotifen. This is a means for the prevention of migraine, the peak of which falls on the 60-70s of the XX century.

Pizotifen reduces platelet aggregation, inhibits the permeabilizing effect of serotonin, has an antihistamine, anticholinergic effect. The full therapeutic dose is 1500 mg / day (in 3 daily doses of 500 mg). The most common side effects are: drowsiness, decreased attention, a significant increase in appetite, and therefore an increase in body weight.

Cyproheptadine, due to its good tolerability, is used mainly in children. It is a sedative H1 antihistamine, an anticholinergic drug. In adults, it is used, in particular, for hormonal migraine in a daily prophylactic dose of 4-8 mg.

Non-pharmacological preventive methods

In addition to medical approaches, migraine can be treated and prevented through lifestyle changes, physical therapy. The doctor, together with the patient, tries to identify provocative factors that can cause an attack - this helps to some extent provide for the onset of pain.

The most common factors are:

• lack or excess of sleep;
• hypoglycemia;
• excessive alcohol consumption;
• fatigue;
• stress;
• exhaustion;
• dehydration, etc.

These triggers can be influenced by a person. But there are incentives that cannot be eliminated. These include hormonal changes (appearance of seizures during menstruation), weather effects (especially rapid changes in atmospheric pressure). If the patient knows his triggers, he can try to avoid them by reducing the frequency of migraine attacks.

Non-pharmacological methods of prevention include:

• acupuncture;
• relaxation;
• autogenic training;
• light exercise;
• yoga
• meditation;
• walk outdoors.

Homeopathy and folk methods

Folk remedies for prevention are, first of all, herbs that play an indispensable role in the fight against many ailments. Mint, chamomile, ginger, Baikal skullcap are recommended for migraine.

• Mint. To prevent and relieve headaches, mint can be used as a raw material for tea or as an essential oil (aromatherapy).
• Chamomile. In the absence of an allergy to chamomile, the plant is used in the form of a tea or bath.
• Ginger. The root is used as a tea.
• Baikal skullcap. This herb is not recommended for children under 6 years old, it has a mild analgesic effect, so it is suitable for less severe attacks.

Homeopathy suggests the following substances for migraine prevention:

• Bryonia;
• Gelsemium sempervirens;
• Nux vomica;
• Staphysagria;
• Kalium phosphoricum.

The use of homeopathic remedies should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. The drug is taken in a dilution of 15 CH.

Stress, poor nutrition, heredity are involved in the occurrence of migraines; the disease is often associated with the menstrual cycle, the use of oral contraceptives. Frequent use of painkillers leads to a decrease in their effectiveness, can contribute to the onset of chronic headache, so it is important to prevent the development of this condition.

Avoid stress

Frequent migraine attacks indicate a person's poor mental health. For effective prevention, it is important to avoid stressful situations. If you cannot eliminate the factors that cause stress, you should change your attitude towards them so that certain situations affect your mental state as little as possible.

Lead a healthy lifestyle

An important role in the prevention of migraine is played by lifestyle changes, sufficient hydration of the body, and relaxation. If precursors to migraine are present (eg, visual disturbances), attempts can be made to prevent the onset of an attack by drinking plenty of fluids and getting enough rest. Set aside work, close your eyes, relax. You need complete peace of mind, including turning off the TV, computer.

Eat Right

The findings of recent scientific studies show that migraine is closely associated with a deficiency of vitamins, namely vitamins D, B6, B12. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to foods rich in them.

Vitamin D

In addition to getting rid of the suffering caused by severe headaches, vitamin D is important for the formation and strength of bone tissue, the functioning of the thyroid gland, the nervous system; it has a positive effect on blood clotting. The main source of vitamin D is sunlight. After 10 minutes in the sun, the body will begin to produce it on its own. Vitamin D is also found in fish oil, milk, eggs, butter, avocados.

Vitamin B6

This vitamin, in addition to preventing severe headaches, controls the proper functioning of the liver, prevents dry skin, is a miraculous weapon for mood swings before the menstrual cycle. Vitamin B6 contains cereal sprouts, soybeans, liver, yeast, rice, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, bananas.

Vitamin B12

This vitamin is important for nerve and brain cells. It has a beneficial effect on the mental state of a person, eliminates the feeling of fatigue, thanks to which it can easily compete with energy drinks. Vitamin B12 is found in milk, dairy products, meat, fish, and eggs.

What to pay attention to?

For effective prevention of migraine, caution should be exercised with the use of certain drinks. Among the "liquid taboos" are red wine and coffee. Coffee should be drunk no more than once a day, red wine - only in exceptional cases.

Since migraine attacks can provoke various factors, it is necessary to determine them for each patient and decide how best to eliminate or weaken them. It is important to rationally organize the regime of work and rest, including sufficient, but not excessive sleep.
Since stressful and conflict situations affect the development of migraine attacks, despite the fact that many patients do not attach significant importance to them, it is important to discuss this aspect with them. If negative circumstances cannot be eliminated, it is advisable to consult a psychologist, who may prescribe psychological methods of treatment (autogenic training, biofeedback treatment, etc.). The latter are especially indicated for increased anxiety and mood deterioration.
In some women, taking oral contraceptives causes the first migraine attack in their life or increases the frequency of previous ones. In these cases, another type of contraception should be recommended. Sometimes, on the contrary, the use of oral contraceptives reduces the frequency and intensity of seizures.
Many patients report that certain foods and drinks provoke migraine attacks in them and therefore exclude or limit their use. These foods include cocoa, chocolate, cheese, milk, nuts, eggs, tomatoes, celery, citrus fruits, fatty foods, alcohol, especially red wine and beer. It is advisable for some patients to wear light-protective glasses, especially in the summer, since bright light can provoke seizures.

Prevention of migraine with drugs

The use of drugs to prevent migraine attacks is indicated only for frequent (two or more per month) and severe attacks and, therefore, it is necessary only for a small (no more than 10%) part of patients. In most cases, the duration of treatment is several months.

Groups of pharmacological drugs used to prevent migraine:
- beta-blockers;
- tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants;
- calcium channel blockers;
- anticonvulsants;
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- antagonists of serotonin.

Beta-blockers are first-order drugs for the prevention of migraine, The mechanism of their action is not completely clear. The effectiveness of beta-blockers in the prevention of migraine attacks is associated with inhibition of the dilatation of cranial arteries and arterioles, which occurs due to a decrease in the concentration of serotonin. They have a hypotensive effect and therefore are especially effective for the prevention of migraine occurring against the background of arterial hypertension. Due to their anxiolytic action, beta-blockers are also effective for migraine against the background of severe anxiety, it is necessary to warn patients about the main side effects of beta-blockers (fatigue, drowsiness and depression) in order to recognize them as early as possible.

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Those who have physical activity should be warned about a possible decrease in heart rate so that they do not dose the load depending on its performance. Drugs in this group contribute to hypoglycemia, which leads to increased appetite and weight gain. This causes additional concern for women who are overweight. The main contraindications for the use of beta-blockers: bronchial asthma, heart failure, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, arterial hypotension. Beta-blockers should not be abruptly discontinued in patients with coronary heart disease, as this may exacerbate ischemia and cause arrhythmia.
If one beta-blocker is ineffective, another should be tried, it may be more effective. In other words, a lack of response to one beta-blocker does not preclude the use of another.

Beta-blocker drug for migraine prevention: Propranolol

The action of Propranolol is due to the effect on the vessels of the pia mater, which has beta-adrenergic receptors. It penetrates well through the blood-brain barrier, has antiserotonergic activity, and affects platelet aggregation. For the prevention of migraine, the drug is taken at an initial dose of 40 mg 2-3 times a day; if necessary, the dose is gradually increased to 160 mg per day. Side effects: slow heart rate, arterial hypotension, heart failure, dry mouth, nausea, sleep disturbance, depression, impaired visual acuity, skin rash. Contraindications: atrioventricular blockade, slowing of the heart rate less than 55 beats per minute, arterial hypotension, acute and chronic heart failure, Raynaud's disease and other obliterating vascular diseases. Release form: 40 mg tablets, 30 pcs in a pack.
Similar drugs are produced under the names:
Anaprilin (ICN Leksredstva, Russia); Inderal (ICN Galenika, Yugoslavia); Inderal (Astra Zeneca, UK); Obzidan (AWD, Germany); Obzidan (Schwarz Pharma, Germany); Propra (Ludwig Merckle, Austria); Propranolol (Weimer Pharma, Germany); Propranur (Henning Berlin, Germany); Propranolol (Sicomed, Romania).

Beta-blocker drug for migraine prevention: Atenolol

It is a selective beta-blocker. When used in medium therapeutic doses, it has a less pronounced effect on smooth muscle elements of peripheral arteries than non-selective beta-blockers. It is used in the initial dose of 50 mg 1 time per day. With insufficient severity of the effect, the dose is increased to 100-150 mg per day. The drug is recommended to be taken before meals, without chewing, drinking water. Side effects: at the beginning of therapy, fatigue, dizziness, depression, sleep disturbance, nausea, pruritus are possible; in some cases, there may be a slowdown in the heart rate, hypotension, impaired conduction of the heart. Contraindications: violation of atrioventricular conduction of 2-3 degrees, slowing of the heart rate below 55 beats per minute, acute and chronic heart failure, bronchial asthma. Release form: tablets of 50 mg and 100 mg.
Similar preparations are produced under the names Apo-Atenol (Apotex, Canada); Atenolol (Lupin, India); Atenobene (Ludwig Merckle, Austria); Atkardil (Sun Pharmaceutical, India); Betacard (Torrent, India); Dignobeta (Luitpold Pharma, Germany); Catenol (Cadila, India); Prinorm (ICN Galenika, Yugoslavia); Tepolol (Irsa, India); Tenormin (Astra Zenes, UK): Falitonsin (Salutas Fahlberg-List, Germany); Atenolol (IC En Marbiopharm, Russia).

Beta-blocker for migraine prevention: Korgard (Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA)

Contains active ingredient - nadolal- non-selective beta-blocker of prolonged action. It is used in the initial dose of 40 mg, if necessary, the dose of the drug can be increased to 160 mg. Side effects: slow heart rate, atrioventricular block, bronchospasm, heart failure, dizziness, nausea, skin allergic reactions. Contraindications: atrioventricular blockade of 2-3 degrees, heart rate slowing below 55 beats per minute, acute and chronic heart failure, Raynaud's disease, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy. Release form: tablets of 40 and 80 mg.

Antidepressants for migraine prevention

Antidepressant drug for migraine prevention: Amitriptyline (Polfa, Poland)

An effective drug for the prevention of chronic headaches, especially mixed forms, such as a combination of migraine and tension headache. The drug blocks the reuptake of serotonin from the central synapse and has a central analgesic effect, as it reduces the frequency of discharges in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve - the main zone of craniofacial pain sensitivity in the central nervous system. The analgesic effect of tricyclic antidepressants does not depend on their antidepressant effect, although the latter is undoubtedly important for patients with migraine in combination with depression and sleep disorders. In addition, Amitriptyline has a sedative effect, which is important in comorbid anxiety disorders. For the prevention of migraine, as a rule, small doses of the drug are required. Amitriptyline is prescribed initially at a dose of 12.5-25 mg / day at night, gradually increasing it by 12.5-25 mg every 3-6 days to 75-100 mg / day. The therapeutic effect begins from the 2-3rd week, which should be warned patients. It should be remembered about the side effects associated with the anticholinergic effect of the drug: dry mouth, constipation, accommodation disorders, Contraindications for the use of Amitriptyline: recent myocardial infarction, MAO inhibitors and a period of two weeks after their withdrawal, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic heart failure, accompanied by tachycardia. Release form: dragee 25 m.

Similar drugs are produced under the names Amitriptyline (Slovakofarma, Slovakia); Amitriptyline (Weimer Pharma, Germany); Amitriptyline Lechiva (Lechiva, Czech Republic); Amitriptyline Nycomed (Nycomed, Norway); Amitriptyline (ICN Polfa Rzeszow, Poland).

Antidepressant drug for migraine prevention: Lerivon (Organon, Netherlands)

Active substance - mianserin. Blocks 5HT2 and alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Enhances adrenergic transmission in the brain, stimulating the release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Unlike most tricyclic antidepressants, it does not show anticholinergic activity. Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood after taking 15 mg is reached after 2-4 hours. Lerivon is recommended to be prescribed at night, starting with a dose of 15 mg, followed by an increase in 3-5 days to 30 mg. The maximum daily dose is 120 mg. The main side effects of the drug are drowsiness, arterial hypotension, impaired liver function, and edema. Contraindications: manic syndrome, liver dysfunction, acute period of infarction, age up to 18 years. Release form: tablets of 10, 20, 30 and 60 mg.
Similar drugs are produced under the names Miansan (Zorka-Pharma, Yugoslavia); Seridak (Cadila, India).

Antidepressants, as well as beta-blockers, are effective for migraine (or tension headache) accompanied by psychogenic autonomic crises (panic attacks). When prescribing antidepressants, as well as other psychotropic drugs, it is necessary to systematically monitor the patient's condition.

Calcium channel blockers for migraine prevention

This group of drugs has firmly established itself as a means of preventing migraine, despite the fact that their therapeutic efficacy is not as pronounced as compared to beta-blockers and antidepressants. It is advisable to use them in migraine accompanied by neurological manifestations, for example, in basilar or hemiplegic migraine, migraine with ophthalmic, ophthalmoplegic or prolonged aura. Calcium channel blockers also inhibit the release of serotonin, alter slow potential shifts, and prevent pervasive depression, which is considered one of the mechanisms of migraine attack.

Calcium channel blocker drug for migraine prevention: Verapamil

Calcium antagonist, blocks both activated and "closed" (prevents their activation) calcium channels. Ultimately, tissue perfusion increases, arterial extensibility increases, and the disproportion between oxygen demand and tissue supply decreases. Verapamil is usually used at a dose of 40-120 mg per day. Side effects: dyspeptic disorders, bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, allergic reactions. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, severe bradycardia, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, impaired cardiac conduction. Release form: dragee 40 and 80 mg.

Similar drugs are produced under the names: Verapamil (Hemopharm, Yugoslavia); Verapamil (Weimer, Germany); Verapamil hydrochloride (ICN October, Russia); Verapamil hydrochloride (Akrikhin, Russia); Isoptin (Knoll, Germany); Isoptin (German Remedies, India); Kalan (Vitas Corporation, USA); Falicard (Solutas Fahlberg-List, Germany); Finoptin (Orion Corporation, Finland).

Calcium channel blockers for migraine prevention: Nemotan

The active substance of the drug is nimodipine- a selective 2nd generation calcium antagonist from the group of dihydropyridines, which has a selective effect on the smooth muscles of the cerebral arteries. Eliminates spasm of blood vessels, improves blood supply to the brain, has a systemic antihypertensive effect. When using the drug, the "steal syndrome" does not develop. Nemotan is successfully used for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular accidents, treatment of cerebrovascular accidents in elderly patients (memory loss, concentration of attention, emotional lability), as well as the treatment of residual effects of cerebrovascular accidents and the condition after surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prevents the development of strokes. Effective in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and migraine, cerebrovascular disorders. Well tolerated by patients. Of the side effects, arterial hypotension, hyperemia of the skin, headache, and heart rhythm disturbances can sometimes develop. In some cases, sleep disorders, increased psychomotor activity, aggressiveness, and depression are possible. During periods of pregnancy and lactation, Nemotan is used only for health reasons. Use the drug with caution in patients with impaired renal function. Available in the form of tablets containing 30 mg of the active substance.

Calcium channel blocker drug for migraine prevention: Nimotop

Active substance - nimodipine. Calcium antagonist, has a vasodilating effect mainly in relation to cerebral vessels. Relieves and prevents spasm of the arteries of the brain, causes their expansion and improvement of the blood supply to the brain, has a neuroprotective effect. It is used orally at 60 mg 4 times a day. Side effects: a feeling of heat, tachycardia, hypotension, dizziness, sleep disturbance, hyperkinesis, impaired renal function, peripheral edema. Contraindications: severe liver dysfunction, marked increase in intracranial pressure, pregnancy. Release form: tablets of 30 mg.

Calcium channel blocker drug for migraine prevention: Nimotop S

It blocks calcium channels, has a selective vasodilating effect on the brain, normalizes its blood supply, and improves ischemia tolerance. It is used intravenously at the beginning of treatment, 2 mg (10 ml of solution) for 2 hours, then 2 mg per hour, daily dose - 10 mg. Side effects: hyperemia, tachycardia, hypotension, dizziness, hyperkinesis, impaired renal function, peripheral edema. Contraindications: severe liver dysfunction and pregnancy. Release form: solution for infusions of 10 mg in 50 ml in a 50 ml vial.

Calcium channel blocker drug for migraine prevention: Octidipine

A drug nitrendipine. By enhancing coronary blood flow, the drug improves blood supply to ischemic areas of the myocardium without the development of the "steal" phenomenon, activates the functioning of collaterals. Does not inhibit myocardial conduction, enhances renal blood flow. Octidipine is available in the form of 20 mg tablets.

Flunarizine (10 mg/day) and nimodipine (60-120 mg/day) are also effective. Possible side effects: dizziness, fatigue, nervousness. Contraindications to the use of this group of drugs: bradycardia, atrioventricular blockade, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, chronic heart failure. Calcium channel blockers can be combined with tricyclic antidepressants.

Anticonvulsants for migraine prevention

The use of anticonvulsants in migraine is based on the fact that they reduce the pain sensitivity of vascular wall receptors, the conduction of pain impulses and enhance the effect of antinociceptive systems, especially in associated forms of migraine.

Anticonvulsant drug for migraine prevention: Antelepsin

Contains 1 mg per tablet clonazepam. It has anticonvulsant, central muscle relaxant, sedative effect. Reduces the excitability of the subcortical areas of the brain (thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system) and inhibits the interaction between these structures and the cortex. It is used as an additional remedy in the treatment of migraine and other pain syndromes. Daily dose for adults - 3-6 mg; for infants - 0.551 mg, from 1 year to 7 years - 1 mg. The daily dose should be distributed evenly over 3-4 doses. Contraindicated in myasthenia gravis, acute poisoning with psychotic drugs, alcoholism. Side effects may include lethargy, confusion, with prolonged use - impaired speech, dizziness, nystagmus, muscle weakness. Release form: 1 mg tablets.

Anticonvulsant drug for migraine prevention: Carbamazepine-Akri

The most commonly used anticonvulsant drug, which has an analgesic effect in neurogenic pain. The mechanism of action involves gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, which can be associated with calcium channels, and the effect of carbamazepine on neurotransmission modulator systems is also important. The initial dose is 100-200 mg 1-2 times a day. If necessary, the dose can be increased, but not more than 200 mg per day. After reaching the maximum therapeutic effect, the dose of the drug is gradually reduced to a maintenance dose, which is taken for a long time. Contraindications: atrioventricular blockade, concomitant use of MAO inhibitors, hypersensitivity. Side effects of the drug are manifested in the form of dizziness, drowsiness, headache, unsteadiness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, hematopoietic dysfunction, myocardial conduction disorders. Release form: tablets of 0.2 g.

Anticonvulsant drug for migraine prevention: Finlepsin

It is used to relieve neurogenic pain in various conditions by increasing the excitability threshold of nerve cells. The initial dose is 100-200 mg 1-2 times a day. Then the dose is slowly increased until the maximum therapeutic effect is achieved; it is usually achieved at a dose of 400 mg per day in 2-3 doses. Contraindicated in violations of bone marrow hematopoiesis, simultaneous administration of MAO, lithium preparations, hypersensitivity. Side effects: drowsiness, headaches, dizziness, unsteady gait, visual disturbances, atrioventricular blockades, less often - speech impairment, muscle weakness, hallucinations, aggressive behavior, pruritus, rash. Release form: tablets of 200 mg.

Valproate preparations for the prevention of migraine

More recently, valproates (Depakine, Konvuleks, etc.) have been used in the prevention of migraine. Their effectiveness is due to the ability to increase the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the central nervous system with a subsequent effect on the state of calcium and sodium membrane channels. In addition, they mediate their anti-migraine effect through their influence on serotonergic neurotransmission in the brainstem raphe nuclei, as well as through opposition to glutamate-activating amino acids. The initial dose is 20-30 mg / kg of body weight, increasing it every 3-4 days, but not higher than 50 mg / kg. Common side effects: asthenia, tremor, weight gain, in some cases - baldness. Despite the absence of a clear hepatotoxic effect in adults, valproate is not recommended for use in concomitant active hepatic pathology. When treating with valproate, it is not recommended to prescribe drugs containing barbiturates. Recent studies have shown that valproate competes with beta-blockers in the prevention of migraine and chronic daily headache.

Depakine for migraine prevention

The active substance is sodium salt of valproic acid. Valproic acid increases the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the central nervous system, which causes an increase in the excitability threshold of brain neurons, affecting the state of calcium and sodium membrane channels. It easily passes histohematic barriers, including the blood-brain barrier. The drug is rapidly absorbed when taken orally, reaching peak blood concentrations in adults after 2-4 hours. It is prescribed in the initial dose of 200-300 mg 2 times a day. The dose is gradually increased by 200 mg per day until a clinical effect is achieved. Contraindications: violations of the liver and pancreas, hemorrhagic diathesis, drug intolerance. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, loose stools, stomach pain, drowsiness, staggering when walking, tremors, and long-term use - hair loss. If necessary, use with caution during pregnancy and lactation (although it is better not to use). Release form: tablets of 300 mg.

Convulex for migraine prevention

Sodium salt of valproic acid. The mechanism of action is associated with an increase in the level of GABA in the brain, which leads to an increase in the excitability threshold of nerve cells, a decrease in pain sensitivity of vascular wall receptors, and an increase in the action of antinociceptive systems, especially in associated forms of migraine. The drug is rapidly absorbed, easily passes the blood-brain barrier. The average daily dose of Convulex in adults is 8-12 mg per kg of body weight, the time to achieve equilibrium with stabilization of the concentration of sodium valproate in the blood is 2-4 days. The exit to the average therapeutic dose should be carried out gradually. Side effects of the drug are dyspeptic disorders, drowsiness, apathy, tremor, nystagmus, impaired coordination of movements. Contraindications: violations of the liver and pancreas, hemorrhagic diathesis, drug intolerance. Release form: capsules of 150, 300 and 500 mg in a package of 100 pcs.; drops for oral administration (300 mg / ml) in a 100 ml vial; syrup for children (50 mg / ml) in a 100 ml bottle.

Serotonin antagonists for migraine prevention

The drugs of this group, apparently, act as partial agonists-antagonists of serotonin, potentiate the action of biogenic serotonin and cause narrowing of the arteries of the external carotid artery during their paroxysmal expansion. At the same time, these substances, as false mediators, probably occupy serotonin receptors and provide functional protection of blood vessels in case of an excess of serotonin in the blood and tissues.

Serotonin antagonist drug for migraine prevention: Divascan

Active substance - iprazochrome- has an antagonistic effect on serotonin-induced reactions, reduces vascular permeability increased by this amine, affects the phase of local metabolic disorders in the preterminal cerebral circulation, prevents or weakens the effect of various vascular and platelet damaging factors. Effective for the prevention of many forms of migraine. The average dose is 1-2-3 tablets 3 times a day. Of the side effects, allergic reactions are possible. Release form: tablets of 0.25 mg.

Serotonin antagonist drug for migraine prevention: Dizeril

Contains active substance methysergide. It has been proven to be highly effective in migraine in the interictal period. It is also important to note that by influencing serotonergic transmission in the central nervous system, Dizeril normalizes the conduction and perception of pain, and also has a sedative, calming and antidepressant effect. Dizeril inhibits platelet aggregation, the enhancement of which seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine. When administered orally, the drug is almost completely absorbed from the digestive tract. One of the products of its transformation is methylergonavine, which has a vasoconstrictive effect. When using the drug, dyspeptic symptoms, insomnia, euphoria and other side effects are possible. Sometimes, especially with prolonged use, there is an proliferation of fibrous connective tissue of the peritoneum, pleura. Therefore, the drug is prescribed not for too long courses with interruptions of 3-4 weeks.

Serotonin antagonist drug for migraine prevention: Sandomigran

Active substance - pizotifen- shows antagonism in relation to biogenic amines and, first of all, to serotonin. The drug eliminates serotonin-induced vasoconstriction, vasoconstriction, and in large doses enhances the effect of the amine on the vessels of the external carotid artery. It also has antihistamine activity and eliminates the vasodilating effect of histamine, and also has an atropine-like effect. The chemical structure of pizotifen is close to tricyclic antidepressants. The initial dose is 1 tablet per day, then gradually increase the dose to 3 tablets per day. With persistent migraines, the dose can be increased to 6-9 tablets per day. Side effects: drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, increased appetite with weight gain. The drug should not be prescribed to drivers of transport and other persons whose work requires a quick mental and physical reaction. Release form: dragee 0.5 mg.

This is an attack of a headache of increased intensity. Half of the head hurts, the temporal, eye and frontal regions often suffer. A person is sick, vomits, the reaction to bright light and loud sounds is negative. The disease is caused by heredity - if parents are prone to migraine, then the child will also get sick by 60-90%.

The mechanism of the development of the disease is not fully understood, socially active people are more likely to get sick.

ATTENTION: if a person with high ambitions and increased anxiety, then he is at risk.

Complexity of treatment

The treatment of the disease is individual, the difficulty is that one remedy helps a person, but not another person. The use of traditional medications leads to addiction of the body. Medicines stop attacks, but the body no longer responds to their action.

Treatment with medications that relieve symptoms is effective (you can find out more about the list of effective migraine pills). But at the next attack, the same means no longer have an effect. Once again, we should return to the fact that the disease has not been fully studied.

You can find out more about how to treat migraine, and you can read more about which medications and when to take better in this material.

Possible consequences

The consequences of the disease cause the formation and development of dangerous ailments. Migraine stroke entails serious consequences - dementia, problems with speech.

Epilepsy develops, up to 30% of patients suffer from migraine and epileptic seizures at the same time. Increased risk of brain damage, white matter anomalies. Neurological disease increases the risk of stroke and heart attack. Women develop blood clots.

• a person loses his ability to work;
• migraine status;
• hemicrania in a chronic form;
• persistent aura (no heart attack).

Pain syndromes torment for 2-3 days, traditional medications cannot stop the pain syndrome, pain increases. Localized pain covers the entire head, bursting in nature. During an attack, the brain swells, as hypoxia is prolonged.

Prevention measures

To prevent the disease, the following rules are observed:

The main drugs for the prevention of migraine

So, let's consider medicines for the prevention of migraine.

other methods

Anticonvulsants are used to prevent migraines. Valproic acid and Topimarate. Antiserotonin drugs help by narrowing blood vessels, have side effects: pain in the back, scarring around the lungs, chest pain and shortness of breath.

Antidepressants

Dox and Imipropine prevent headaches by changing norepinephrine and serotonin.

Side effects:

1. rapid heart rate;
2. blurred vision;
3. problems with urination;
4. dry in the mouth;
5. stool problems;
6. a person gets fat;
7. blood pressure drops.

Antidepressants are contraindicated for people with a tendency to seizures and an enlarged prostate gland. The pressure in the eyes rises.

Antiepileptic substances

Benzonal and Vimpat have a sedative effect, inhibit activating neurons, and activate inhibitory nerve cells.

Contraindicated in pregnant women.

Butoloxin A includes butolinic toxin. Used in cosmetology.. Blocks nerve impulses, the effect is visible after 2 weeks.

Nutritional supplements and herbs

The saccharin is replaced by stevia, a sweet herb with no side effects. Avoid artificial sweeteners. Lavender soothes irritated nerves. Tryptophan is added to food (it is abundant in turkey). Butterbur softens the intensity of the disease, reduces inflammation, and stabilizes blood flow to the brain.

You can learn more about herbal preparations for migraine.

Migraine is a neurological disease, which affects the nervous system and is characterized by periodic attacks of headache or regular, painful sensations on one side of the head or on the other.

In some cases, migraine can be bilateral. Young girls in their 20s and 30s and adult women in their 40s and 50s are related to this problem. Sometimes this disease occurs in children from 4 years of age. The occurrence of these attacks occurs 1-2 times a year and reaches several times a week or a month.

Tablets for migraine. A list of effective inexpensive headache remedies is provided below in this article.

A migraine often occurs due to an activation process that occurs in the center of the trigeminal nerve. Migraine can be inherited. As the body grows older, its signs weaken. Between the ages of 25 and 35, this disease reaches its peak.

migraine symptoms

This disease is different from others. It occurs suddenly, does not respond to analgesics and also disappears imperceptibly. Migraine symptoms are pain on one side of the head and can last from half an hour to five days. It can be in the area of ​​​​the eyes, forehead and temples.

Patients are often irritated by bright lights and loud sounds. In this case, the pressure remains normal. A person can be tormented by nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. This occurs spontaneously, without reference to a stroke, a brain tumor, and sometimes may indicate the development of such pathologies.

There are several types of migraine:

1. Ocular, without aura,
2. hemiplegic,
3. Neck.

Headache rarely occurs on both sides of the head. The appearance of migraine in such cases is associated with blood vessels, but has nothing to do with an increase or decrease in blood pressure. Intracranial pressure or glaucoma attacks also have no basis for migraine. It's a completely different kind of headache.

Interesting fact! Even before the birth of Christ, this disease was known, but it did not have a name. Later, the great Hippocrates described the symptoms of the disease (about 400 AD) and designated its name. However, the ancestor of its classical name was the ancient Roman doctor - Claudius Galen.

And he also owns the discovery about the localization of pain. Many geniuses were accompanied by this disease. It is inherent in people who prefer mental work. Many brilliant personalities suffered from this disease: (Pontius Pilate, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Edgar Poe, Karl Marx, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Julius Caesar, Sigmund Freud, Darwin, Newton).

Causes of migraine in women

The main factor in the occurrence of migraine in women is heredity, but so far its causes have not been fully elucidated, since it has a complex mechanism for the development of such a condition.

The following overloads of the body can provoke a migraine:

1. physical;
2. emotional;
3. malnutrition;
4. Alcohol consumption;
5. Sleep disturbance;
6. solar overheating;
7. Change in weather conditions;
8. Smoking;
9. Changes in women's hormonal levels

Statistics show that in 80% of cases women are affected by this disease. There is a risk of getting sick in males, but in women this disease manifests itself much more often than in men.

Migraine has a genetic predisposition. It is inherited from mother to children.

It is interesting! People engaged in mental work, active, ambitious and striving for heights, are under the gun of this electoral disease. They want to be the first everywhere and in everything, thereby forcing the brain to work incessantly and waste energy inappropriately. The risk group for this disease is workaholics.

How to treat migraine

In this case, self-medication is categorically contraindicated, since improper use of medicines can lead to new attacks and a protracted course of the disease.

There is no single answer as to how to treat the disease. But there are recommended groups of drugs aimed at easing seizures.

migraine pills

List of effective drugs:

1. Preparations drugs-free (paracetamol, ibuprofen)
2. Cerucal
3. Medicine, designed as a spray (dihydroergotamine) Patients often carry it with them.
4. Sumatriptan and others are seratanin receptor agonists.

In 95% of cases, with the help of these drugs, the attack is successfully copied outside the hospital. If the drugs do not have the desired effect, then the patient is subject to immediate hospitalization. With a mild course of the disease, the use of one analgesic is sufficient.

For more severe and persistent attacks, a triptan drug is recommended. During the onset of an attack, you need to take a triptan tablet, and make one injection of the spray, and repeat these actions after two hours.

In that case, if the drug does not work, you need to change the drug. That is why the process of migraine treatment itself takes a long time and is accompanied by financial losses for the patient.

Analgesics

These drugs can be bought at any pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. Analgesics, today, are the most popular for relieving pain. To get the effect of these drugs, they should be taken 2 tablets per day with plenty of liquid.

These drugs are recommended not only as painkillers, but also as an antipyretic. Analgin with Tempalgin - the most common drugs this group, but they have many side effects. Use very carefully on children.

Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is used for migraine as an antipyretic, and Codeine has a weak narcotic and analgesic effect. Caffeine is a psychostimulant for migraine attacks.

Antispasmodics

10 years ago, these were effective remedies for migraine. After some time, medical luminaries came to the conclusion that there are no spasms during migraine attacks, which means that antispasmodics do not have such a therapeutic effect as caffeine-containing drugs. Antispasmodics that are often taken by patients: Ho-shpa, Dibazol, Nicotinic acid and other drugs.

Calming agents

Experts advise not to get involved in antidepressants, because, calming the nervous system and eliminating the headache, this is not a guarantee that the patient will receive effective treatment for migraine. Even as a preventive measure, sedatives such as Doxelin and Amitriptyline are not suitable for everyone.

caffeine tablets

Tablets containing caffeine (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are used in the relief of attacks and the treatment of moderate illness.

Triptans for migraine (drugs), price

Triptans are not always effective for migraine, only some of their groups give a really positive result. The drug must be tested. They are not only able to save the patient from a headache, but also eliminate the symptoms associated with this disease (nausea, vomiting).

When testing these drugs, it turned out that 65% of the subjects received significant relief. In modern migraine treatment, the following drugs are used: sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and eletriptan. The price in pharmacies is from 100 rubles. up to 1500 r.

Important: Triptans are unacceptable in the treatment of patients suffering from blood pressure and coronary artery disease. And also in this risk group are patients who have had a myocardial infarction or stroke.

Treatment with folk remedies

If the attacks are infrequent, then folk remedies will provide the necessary assistance. They will also be effective in exacerbations of the disease.

At the first sign of a migraine, a drink made from raspberry herbs and willow branches in a 1:1 ratio will help. This healing drink contains acetylsalicylic acid. You can drink hot black tea.

In some cases, a decoction of ergot is used, but, unfortunately, it is very toxic and can be poisonous. Ergot has its own contraindications: pregnancy, hypertension and angina pectoris. The recommended course is a week.

If the patient refuses to take oral decoctions and medicines, then there is another way. Rub with peppermint essential oil behind the ears on the forehead and temple- It relieves migraine pain. Sometimes caraway oil can also help, as an anticonvulsant.

Sharp headaches will help relieve a wet towel applied to the localization site. A cold foot bath will also work. In the diet, you need to pay attention to vegetables, except for tomatoes. Be sure to include B vitamins in your diet.

Compresses

Our ancestors successfully used such a simple remedy as compresses. On the forehead, you can put cut potatoes, lemon wedges or wet canvas. Ice cubes will also be helpful. Alternating cold and hot compresses gives a positive result.

lemon compress

Lemon compress is considered very effective. Squeeze the juice from the lemon into a cup and refrigerate for 10 minutes. Bandage or gauze should be soaked in this juice and applied to the forehead and temples. Keep this compress for 30 minutes.

Herbal decoctions, infusions, teas

In certain cases, black hot tea with honey saves. Tea contains substances that affect the nervous system, and they have a mild effect, unlike coffee. The brain receives much more oxygen and the patient relaxes. Blood circulation is normalized and the patient experiences significant relief.

Green tea for headaches

Another remedy very useful in this case is green tea with a pinch of mint. He copes well with headaches, which are caused, in addition to migraines, by fatigue, overwork, vasospasm, and menstruation in women. Drink it once a day and before meals.

Beginning of reception: at the first attacks of a headache. Drink green tea very slowly in sips because it affects the pressure level. Brewed, it is in a porcelain cup, insisting a little. By the strength of the impact, it is equated to black tea.

Migraine with aura, symptoms, treatment

Migraines with aura - severe paroxysmal headaches preceded by visual and speech disorders.

The peculiarity of this migraine is that it is complicated by various visual disorders. To correctly diagnose migraine with aura, one must rely on data from neurological and ophthalmological examinations, EEG, MRI and CT of the brain.

Treatment includes the prevention and suspension of seizures.

Symptoms

This kind of migraine is characterized by warning signs that last about an hour. To stop the attack, you should take the funds prescribed by the doctor. During this period, the patient experiences loss of sensitivity, speech disorder, cuts, he sees lightning or black spots in his eyes.

All this can be accompanied by hallucinations. And only after the end of these symptoms, an hour later, there is a severe headache. The disease spreads to the forehead, temples, eyes and captures the lower jaw. At this time, the pills will not give the desired effect.

Paleness of the skin is observed, then a sharp reddening, lacrimation begins. In the area affected by the disease, the mucous membrane of the eye is hyperemic.

Gradually, symptoms such as frequent, and in large quantities, salivation, nausea and shortness of breath due to nasal congestion join.

Causes of migraine with aura

1. stressful conditions;
2. sleep deprivation;
3. A sharp change in temperature;
4. Too bright light;
5. constant noise;
6. Monitor flickering;
7. Pungent odors;
8. Excessive sexual activity;
9. Menses;
10. Long-term use of contraceptives;
11. Therapy with hormones.

It has been noticed that people who do not complain about life and are optimistic about it are much less likely to suffer from migraine attacks than those who experience a constant feeling of discontent and irritability. To this type of migraine are located: hypochondriacs, patients with depressive neurosis and sleep disorders, and with chronic fatigue syndrome.

To combat migraines, you need to follow a diet. Many foods can trigger headaches. These are foods such as: citrus fruits, fish caviar, bananas, cheese, nuts and red wine.

Neurologists argue that it is not the foods themselves that are harmful, but the time of the coincidence of the onset of the attack along with the consumption of certain foods. The brain fixes this, and then causes a headache, as a reaction to this product.

Treatment of migraine with aura

The treatment of migraine with aura is divided into two areas: the treatment of migraine attacks and their prevention. In this case, an individual approach and treatment based on the ECG results is important.

1. How to stop seizures

Use NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac) or analgesics. For severe and prolonged headaches, the doctor prescribes drugs such as triptans: zolmitriptan, naratriptan, eletriptan, sumatriptan.

When vomiting, drugs are added to stop vomiting: chlorpromazine or domperidone.

2. For the prevention of migraine attacks, it is recommended to conduct a course of treatment with drugs 1-2 times a month. The procedure is very lengthy and time consuming. Antidepressants and psychotropic medications are also recommended. Scientists are still busy with the problem of effective treatment of migraine.

It is important to know! There is also a non-drug approach to the qualitative treatment of this disease. The attitude of the patient to the disease, adherence to the diet and diet, the use of decoctions are very important. The psychological point is also important here.

The patient must analyze the situation, change the way of life. If this is not done, then he can receive increased doses of drugs for a long time without a visible result.

Migraine in children, symptoms, treatment

Causes and treatment of migraine in children

In children, the disease appears suddenly and for no apparent reason, but it can be provoked by eating certain foods, Chinese dishes.

At risk:

• sugar;
• caffeine;
• chocolate;
• nuts.

Symptoms children are the same as adults. Before illness, the child may become whiny, irritable and withdrawn, or vice versa, excited and talkative. These children have disturbed sleep and appetite.

In a child, the aura is more often visual. The child is not able to tell what worries him, and then the doctor shows pictures or asks to draw what he sees. Usually, various lines, dots, unclear and blurry pictures appear before his eyes.

The child often feels dizzy, speech functions are disturbed, memory suffers and the face becomes numb. There are problems with coordination. The attack lasts 4 hours. The child becomes lethargic, taciturn, drowsy, afraid of light. There is nausea, vomiting, chills and fatigue. This continues after the attack for several days.

For the treatment of migraine in children, it is necessary to follow the daily routine, protect from stress, follow a diet, if the child is a schoolboy, then you need to reduce the study load. The attack can be stopped at home. To do this, you need to put the child on the bed in a dark and cool room so that he can fall asleep.

Depending on the duration of the attack, you can stop it with ibuprofen or naproxen, in addition to aspirin. Medications should be given no more than 2 times a week during an exacerbation.

How to relieve migraine (headache) during pregnancy

Treatment during pregnancy

During pregnancy, migraines either increase or decrease. Sometimes such attacks are noticed in a woman for the first time. This is partly due to hormonal fluctuations. This disease has no effect on the unborn child.

Migraine patients are characterized by the following symptoms:

1. Fever with headache;
2. The duration of the attack or the frequent repetition of pain;
3. Visual impairment (blurring and fuzzy outlines).

How to relieve migraine during pregnancy

When pain occurs, it is enough to put a cool compress on the head. During pregnancy, experts recommend taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) tablets strictly on the advice of a doctor. Do not self-administer anti-inflammatory drugs, especially aspirin.

Gymnastics against migraine

Very positive effect on the human body with this disease, gymnastics and self-massage. Gymnastics against migraine —very effective remedy. It is possible to eliminate the pulsation in the head only by raising and lowering the eyebrows. Blurry vision can be avoided by applying pressure to the eyeballs.

If you stroke your temples in a circular motion for at least 2 minutes, you can reduce the attacks of a debilitating headache. If you shake your head in one direction or the other, and the effect of the procedure will be positive.

Another good exercise: you need to lie on the floor with your sacrum on a tennis ball and lie down for a while. But these exercises are effective only if the attacks are not very strong.

What not to do with a migraine

No need to self-medicate, believing that the headache will pass anyway. Some foods may cause allergies. You need to decide on a diet, and not break it under no circumstances. More than 30% of migraine patients noted an increase in headache when eating a certain product.

Migraine prevention, drugs and more

Preventive methods include:

1. Relaxing exercises;
2. Yoga;
3. Acupuncture;
4. Massage.

It is necessary to monitor the foods that are eaten daily. In order to prevent migraines, you need to exclude foods containing tyramine from your diet. Products such as cocoa, citrus fruits, chocolate, legumes, hard cheeses should be limited to a minimum or completely eradicated. Alcohol in migraine is prohibited in any form.

Walks in the fresh air, the absence of stressful situations, a positive attitude towards life will benefit. Healthy sleep and high-quality proper nutrition will restore strength and good spirits. Drink B vitamins from time to time and monitor the health of blood vessels.

Tablets for migraine. A list of effective inexpensive headache remedies is presented in this video:

Video about what migraine is and how migraine drugs work: