Insulating plaster mixes. Warm plaster: composition and features of use. Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

To insulate the walls from the inside without losing the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room, it is optimal to use warm plaster. It is effective for both outdoor and indoor work. In cases where it is necessary to insulate the wall in the apartment, this method is ideal.

Varieties of plaster compositions

The composition of traditional plaster includes:

Binder (cement, gypsum);
Fine filler (sand);
Water.

For thermal insulation of internal walls, a classic solution can be used, but it will have to be applied in a thick layer of up to 10 cm. To obtain a more effective result, the sand filler is partially or completely replaced with components that can better retain heat:

Shredded foam;
Vermiculite (granular material obtained by firing hydrated mica);
Perlite (a mineral of volcanic origin).

A layer of plaster with these fillers at the same thickness will give a greater effect than using a traditional mortar, and by reducing the layer, you can get the best heat transfer effect of the wall.

Ready-made plaster compositions for internal thermal insulation are produced mainly on perlite. It has a relatively low bulk density - 200...400 kg/m3. It is slightly less in vermiculite - about 100 kg / m3. Perlite is used more often due to its low cost.

Both cement and gypsum can be used as a binder for wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside. In the first case, the wall will turn out to be stronger, but it will require more careful cladding, since the cement is gray, you will have to heavily cover the color, for example, with gypsum putty. Gypsum is suitable only for interior work, in itself it has a low thermal conductivity, which further enhances the effect of thermal insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

The advantages, of course, include:

Low thermal conductivity;
Sufficient layer strength;
Small application thickness (no more than 5 cm);
Reinforcement is not required during application.

The main drawback of the coating, which must be taken into account, is the high hygroscopicity of mineral heat-insulating plasters. Gypsum, perlite and vermiculite are porous materials that can absorb a significant amount of water. Key recommendations for this:

In damp rooms (bathrooms, showers) reinforced waterproofing of the wall is required. Moisture-resistant putties, ceramic linings are suitable for this.
In corridors, kitchens and rooms, it is enough to maintain normal humidity of no more than 60%. For additional protection, use a deep penetration primer under wallpaper or decorative plaster.

Slaked lime will also help reduce the hygroscopicity of the composition. It does not affect the thermal conductivity of the layer, but significantly reduces the absorption of moisture and improves the plasticity of the solution.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

The cost of ready-made mixtures is high, it is much cheaper to make the blank yourself. Thus, you can save a lot, especially if you need to insulate all the walls in a house or apartment. An additional bonus of large volumes of work is a high (total) consumption of material, i.e. it is unlikely that you will have half a bag of unnecessary cement if you immediately calculate everything correctly and buy the right amount of components.

What you need:

Cement brand M150-M200. It is so inexpensive - about 150-250 rubles per bag of 50 kg;
Perlite (M75-M100) costs about 100 rubles per 50 kg;
Vermiculite will cost more - about 450-500 rubles per 50 kg;
Slaked lime - about 120 rubles per 20 kg;
Reclaimed building sand - 100 rubles per 50 kg;
Water - from the tap on the counter.

Cooking technology:

The first step is to take the right amount of water. It should be at room temperature.
Dry ingredients can be mixed in advance.
A dry mixture is added to the water in portions, each input must be thoroughly mixed with a construction mixer or a drill with the same nozzle. A whisk can be purchased at any hardware store.

How to make warm plaster yourself: recipes

Components should be purchased based on the selected composition.

1) Simple composition: cement, sand and perlite are taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 4, the mixture is mixed with the right amount of water to the working consistency of thick sour cream.
2) For a large amount of work, you can prepare a solution of 190 kg of cement, 1 m3 of perlite or vermiculite, 270 liters of water. The volume should be divided into equal parts before kneading, since the finished solution sets after 2-3 hours.
3) A solution with a plasticizer is prepared from 1 part of cement, 4 parts of perlite, 0.9 parts of water, 1 m3 of perlite will require 4-5 liters of PVA glue, which acts as a plasticizer. PVA should be diluted in the water with which the mixture will be closed.
4) Sand-perlite mortar is prepared from 1 part of cement, 2 parts of sand, 3 - perlite. The amount of glue should be 1/100 of the amount of cement, i.e. per 100 kg of binder 1 kg of glue. The mixture is closed with water to a working state.
5) Cement and perlite in a ratio of 1:4 are mixed with water with PVA in the amount of glue 1% by weight of the binder.
6) Cement-lime mortar with insulating granules is prepared in the proportion of lime - 1 part, cement - 1 part, perlite sand - up to 5 parts. This plaster is perfect for wet rooms.

Solutions on a gypsum binder are prepared in a similar way without the use of glue.

PVA glue can be replaced with liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, or specialized superplasticizers that are sold in hardware stores. The latter should be used according to the instructions.

Warm plaster based on perlite is low cost, this filler can be replaced with more expensive vermiculite, then the layer weight will be less, and the coating efficiency will improve markedly. Cheap foam in granules can also replace perlite, while the thermal conductivity of the plaster will not increase. The only caveat is that polystyrene can evaporate harmful substances with significant heating, therefore it is rarely used for residential premises. This does not mean that it is forbidden to use, on the contrary, for cool rooms and walls where there is no heating from the sun, this filler will be a good ingredient.

Overview of popular warm mixes

If self-assembly of the components confuses you, you can always purchase a ready-made mixture in the store. It is important here not to run into a fake and low-quality material. To avoid such troubles, carefully read the information on the package, it always indicates the characteristics of the composition, method and place of application.

To facilitate the choice, here are the 5 most popular dry mixes for making warm plaster.

Knauf Grünband	The German brand offers a mixture for the preparation of warm plaster based on cement and polystyrene granules. The material is suitable for indoor and outdoor use, the solution fits well on any base made of brick, concrete, stone, building blocks. Any cladding can be applied to the surface: tiles, plastering with decorative materials, wallpapering, etc. To increase the effectiveness of adhesion, the manufacturer recommends that before applying the solution, treat the surface with a deep penetration primer on the appropriate material. The cost of the Knakf Grunband plaster mixture is about 360-400 rubles per 25 kg bag.
	Warm plaster "Mishka" was developed in Russia, ideally adapted to the local climate. The coating does not pass water, has low thermal conductivity. A layer thickness of 2 cm is equivalent to a brick wall of 50 cm! The plaster is suitable for interior and facade work.
	Modern plaster based on cement and foam glass has excellent thermal conductivity and moisture resistance characteristics. Suitable for outdoor and indoor use. For effective protection against cold and noise, a layer of 5 ... 40 mm is sufficient. The solution is light, does not require the arrangement of a powerful base and special training. It can be applied on uneven, but cleaned and primed surfaces made of bricks, all types of concrete and stone. Does not retain moisture, has breathable properties. For effective material, you will have to pay about 680 rubles per bag of 12 kg.
	Warm plasters of the ThermoUm series from the Green House company have excellent sanitizing parameters, low thermal conductivity, do not retain moisture, and can be applied to any substrate. The products have been tested in European laboratories and have the appropriate quality certificates. Manufactured and delivered to order.
UNIS Teplon	Mix UNIS Teplon on a plaster basis - light warm plaster for internal works. Perfectly adapts to any type of surface, suitable for use in dry and wet areas. The thickness of the layer to achieve insulating parameters is 5…50 mm, depending on the characteristics of the main wall. The main advantages of the composition are the absence of shrinkage and ease of application. You can buy a mixture of UNIS Teplon on a gypsum basis for 375 rubles (30 kg).

The technology of wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside

Wall insulation from the inside of the room according to the standard scheme is as follows:

1) The surface is cleaned of the old finish;
2) A primer is made with a deep penetration composition;
3) The first layer of plaster is applied. If a thick coating is supposed to be applied, the first layer should be thin, it is recommended to spray: the solution is brought to a liquid state (like liquid sour cream), drops are applied to the wall surface with a brush or brush. After they dry, you can proceed to plastering;
4) The main layer is applied by different methods. A thin coating does not require the installation of a grid, it is applied with a wide spatula or building rule. You should immediately make the surface even. If the layer is thick, it is advisable to stretch the mesh and fix it to the wall with dowels, even if the plaster manufacturer does not talk about it. Reinforcement is necessary for mortar layers from 50 mm.
5) When using gypsum plaster and its high-quality application, subsequent puttying is not required. When working with a cement composition, after 1-2 hours with significant irregularities or teals, you can take a brush, moisten it in water and slightly blur the irregularities. Do not be afraid to rub the wall - the cement has already set and only a surface that is not sufficiently leveled will get wet. Then spatulation should be done.

This algorithm is valid in cases where repairs are made for the purpose of insulation in a finished building with an insulated facade. If the house is just being built, it is necessary to provide for a sufficient wall thickness or high-quality insulation from the outside as well, since the interior alone cannot protect the room from heat loss.

Despite the appearance of a sufficient number of gypsum analogues, the cement plaster mixture remains one of the most popular materials for interior and exterior decoration. With a lot of advantages, cement-sand plaster has high thermal conductivity, based on the minimum amount of air pores in the hardened mass. A variety called warm plaster has less thermal conductivity against the background of resistance to cracking, therefore it is considered the best option for those who want to both level the walls and insulate at the same time. Users of the FORUMHOUSE portal actively use plasters with low thermal conductivity and share their experience with everyone.

concept

Typical plaster mixture - cement binder and sand, gives a coating with a density of about 1800 kg / mᶟ and a thermal conductivity of about 1.2 W / (m * C). Warm plaster (TSh) consists of a cement binder and filler, which forms air pores in the monolith, reducing the density and thermal conductivity. If cement is usually used as a binder, then there is a wide choice of fillers:

Perlite is an obsidian hydroxide formed when lava solidified on the ground comes into contact with water. The nuclei resulting from hydration resemble rounded pearls - pearls, for which the breed got its name. It is characterized by high porosity (up to 40%) and the ability to absorb liquid in quantities exceeding its own weight (up to 400%). For the preparation of plaster, expanded perlite (perlite sand) is usually used - small granules of a white or light gray hue.

Vermiculite is one of the minerals of the hydromica group, which is small layered flakes of a brownish-golden gamut. Like perlite, when heated, it is able to swell, filling with air. In this form, it is used in various industries, including construction, for the preparation of lightweight concrete and warm plaster mixes.

Expanded clay chips - made from special varieties of fusible clays, by firing in melting furnaces rotating at a certain angle. This is a fine fraction with a granule size of up to 5 mm, sometimes called expanded clay sand. It is characterized by lightness, airiness, minimal thermal conductivity and a rounded shape of granules.

Sawdust is a waste of the wood industry; fine fractions are used for plasters, which provide the composition with porosity, but do not violate its structure and maintain mass uniformity.

PPS - expanded polystyrene granules are used not only for the manufacture of slab or bulk insulation, but also as a binder in ready-made or home-made plaster mixtures. If perlite and vermiculite are natural substances, PPS is the result of the chemical industry and is inferior to natural "colleagues" in terms of durability, biological and fire resistance. However, it copes well with the assigned functions - it makes the plaster porous and reduces its thermal conductivity.

In addition to the binder, filler and liquid, various modifiers are added to the plaster - to increase the elasticity of the mixture, to increase the "operability" period, to prevent the formation of cracks during drying. Manufacturers of dry mixes add various branded water repellents and plasticizers. When making home-made plaster, microfiber, ready-made modifiers sold in hardware stores, various detergents (liquid soap, dishwashing liquids) or PVA glue are introduced.

The coating obtained as a result of applying a warm plaster composition is not inferior to traditional cement-sand analogues in terms of adhesion to the base (it adheres well to the wall) and strength.

It can be applied to any finishing decorative coating. The article will help you choose the right one. At the same time, it has a low thermal conductivity - on average, 0.13 - 0.9 W / (m * C), and a density of 200 to 800 kg / mᶟ (depending on the filler). When using warm plaster, the load on the base is significantly reduced, and it is easier to work with the mortar - for 1 m² of the wall, you will need to “master” at all stages a lower weight of the material.

Private developers use both the most affordable HS - based on sawdust, and perlite or with PPS granules. Vermiculite compositions are rare, due to the high cost of the filler - it is several times more expensive than perlite. And not every craftsman who has chosen a warm variety as a plaster is able to make friends with ready-made mixtures of famous brands. This is explained, again, by the cost - buying a ready-made dry mix will raise the price per square meter by two to three times. If you buy the components separately, these figures are reduced to a level accessible to almost everyone interested. The calculations of our users confirm the theory.

Sector FORUMHOUSE member

The price of factory warm plaster turns out to be cosmic, in comparison with a home-made mixture. Approximately 25 bags, weighing 23 kg each, go for 1 mᶟ (for example, take BIRSST T-2). It turns out that a cube, or 575 kg, will cost 15,825 rubles. Material consumption: 7 - 8 kg of dry mix per 1 m² - with a mortar layer thickness of 10 mm, with a thickness of 4 cm, we get approximately 19 m², or 833 rubles per square.

How much a square of a home-made mixture will cost is also calculated based on our own experience.

Yura52 Member of FORUMHOUSE

I have a bag of cement, three bags of perlite and a plasticizer for 5 m² of plaster 1.5 cm thick, if C3, then inexpensive. Total, approximately 500 rubles - 100 rubles per square. With an increase in the layer to 3-4 cm, it still turns out much cheaper than the factory one.

In many ways, the choice between a purchased composition and handicraft production depends on the expected scope of work - a room of several tens of squares can be plastered with a factory mixture, the difference is noticeable, but not fundamental. When it comes to hundreds of square meters or tens of cubic meters, the savings cover both the time spent on experiments with proportions and any other costs.

Solution preparation

The typical ratio of cement to perlite varies from 1/3 to 1/7.

Such a large spread is due to the versatility of the mixture - it is used for interior and exterior decoration of a variety of bases. The ability to adhere and other physical and technical characteristics of the surfaces are different, and such parameters as humidity and temperature in each case are different. The skill of the performer also plays a role: if a pro is able to work out almost any batch, then a beginner, faced with a complex consistency, is likely to “lock up” the solution.

In addition to perlite, sand, lime, microfiber can be added to the batch to increase the strength of the resulting surface and reduce the likelihood of cracking. When using a ready-made plasticizer, the proportions are maintained according to the instructions, if PVA is used - for each liter of closing liquid - 50 ml of glue. To prevent the solution from flowing over the surface, its consistency should resemble thick sour cream. It is almost impossible to achieve ideal proportions only on the basis of typical recipes. Adhering to the basic recommendations, you will have to try different “variations on the theme” until the most suitable one for a particular situation is selected.

Motorist believes that to obtain a warm plaster, it is enough to simply replace the proportion of sand, in whole or in part, with perlite. Using the example of his friend, he was convinced of the effectiveness of a solution consisting of a part of cement, two parts of sand and two parts of perlite, a friend did not use foaming agents, the plaster lay down normally and keeps well. The only difference between a regular and a warm solution is that the latter must be kneaded dry, after a few minutes the filler will release the absorbed moisture and the consistency will be “what the doctor ordered”.

Village and people FORUMHOUSE participant

I did plastering 2 years ago, we don’t live in the house yet, nothing cracked, it’s not heated in winter. The ratio of perlite M-75 and cement M 500 by volume was 7:1, plus fiber (about 10-12), plus foaming agent Cemaplast (lime substitute). The fiber was thrown according to the volume according to the instructions, and the cemaplast was proportional to the cement.

Samurai Jack I chose warm plaster, and decided to do it myself, experimentally choosing a composition suitable for my conditions. The ratio of cement and perlite is in the range from 1/4 to 1/8 by volume, slaked lime is required at the rate of 0.5 parts by weight of cement. Also, the addition of polypropylene fiber to the plaster, but only polypropylene, since fiberglass is destroyed in the alkaline environment of cement. As a foaming agent, dishwashing detergents showed themselves well - about 0.1% by weight of cement.

sector In practice, I got the following:

Perlite - a bag of 60 liters;
Cement - 19 kg;
Water - 19 liters;
Fiber - according to the instructions.

Among the three sold fractions of perlite, Sektor advises taking medium-sized granules (pictured in the center).

The solution is kneaded in a concrete mixer or manually, but using a construction mixer, the dry components are mixed together, the fiber and liquid additives are mixed into the water. The resulting liquid is added to the dry mixture and mixed until smooth. After solidification in the solution, a large number of air pores are formed.

Application

Working with a perlite-based mortar practically does not differ from the DSP plastering technology - the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, if necessary, primed with deep penetration impregnations, and moistened before applying the mortar. It is not recommended to try to sketch and level cleanly a layer with a thickness of more than 1.5-2 cm in one approach. It is better to divide the process into two stages, first sketching a rough layer, strengthening the beacons along it, and then sketching the finish and align with the beacons.

Among the various types of insulation materials in construction, the so-called "warm" plaster.

It differs from ordinary plaster lower thermal conductivity, which contributes to better preservation of heat in the room and, accordingly, saves heating costs.

The point is the filler, which has a very high porosity. air bubbles delay the transfer of heat to the environment.

As a filler various materials can be used for warm plaster: sawdust, polystyrene foam balls, perlite or vermiculite granules, foam glass.

All of them have lower thermal conductivity than the sand used in conventional plaster.

Compared to traditional insulation materials, it has several advantages:

Its application is quite simple, does not require special skills, and with private construction, you can do all the work yourself. At the same time, a plastering machine can also be used.
Preliminary leveling of the surface is usually not necessary, and for better adhesion, it is enough to moisten the walls with water.
Reinforcing mesh is required only in particularly difficult places (for example, corners or where there are cracks). This not only simplifies the work, but also improves thermal insulation.
High adhesion provides good adhesion to any surface, so it is possible to insulate buildings from almost any structural materials, including concrete slabs or metal.
High plasticity allows you to seal hard-to-reach areas without any problems.
Most types of warm plaster are non-flammable, do not emit harmful substances, which increases the safety of structures.
Biological stability is manifested in the fact that fungus, insects or rodents are not able to live in such plaster (with the exception of species where sawdust or cellulose mass is used as a filler).
High thermal insulation properties warm plaster allows you to use its thin layer as additional insulation.
Microporous structure makes the material breathable, which is especially important for residential premises, hospitals, schools, kindergartens.
Many wall materials lose their original lower thermal conductivity through water absorption. And the porous structure of the plaster with a large number of capillaries helps to remove moisture from the walls on which it is applied.
Modern warm plaster resistant to sudden temperature changes, snow, ultraviolet rays, practically does not lose its appearance, does not crack.
It evenly distributes the absorbed solar heat over the entire surface.
Often in the production of warm plaster waste is used(expanded clay chips, sawdust, etc.), which helps to reduce environmental pollution.
And at the same time, it does not contain harmful substances. it the most environmentally friendly view among modern heaters.

Of course, warm plaster is not without cons, otherwise it would have long ago forced out other types of heaters from the construction market:

Main disadvantage- this is its high cost compared to traditional materials - glass wool, etc. Although this is primarily due to its novelty for domestic construction. And if we take into account the cost of related products for other types of insulation (for example, fittings), then their prices converge.
Most types of warm plaster not suitable for finishing exterior walls. Due to the porous structure, they quickly absorb moisture and become damp. Therefore, a primer and top coat with paint or plaster, or wall cladding with waterproof material is necessary. Styrofoam or foam glass plasters are deprived of this drawback.
The thermal conductivity of warm plaster is higher than competitors (0.065 W / m °K versus 0.033 - 0.043 for foam and 0.041 - 0.05 for mineral wool). Due to this, a thicker layer of insulation will be required, which means that the foundation should be more durable.
Thick coat dries longer, which must be taken into account when working outdoors in changeable weather.
Plaster with organic fillers is heavier than others and absorbs water more easily.. Therefore, it is not quite suitable for outdoor work. And in the humid environment of sawdust, conditions are created for the fungus.
Polystyrene plasters are flammable except for the most modern brands.

What's in the future?

Warm plaster- not an ideal material for insulation without a single drawback.

However, she has a lot of advantages, which makes it attractive for both private and public construction.

The highest quality are new types, such as "Mishka", ThermoUm, which allow you to complete the finishing of facades. They are waterproof, have an attractive white color and an interesting surface texture, if desired, they can be painted. And because of their good plasticity, decorative elements, such as stucco molding, can be made directly from them.

If, as domestic production expands, prices for warm plaster decrease, then this type of insulation can become a leader for use, especially in the private sector.

ThermoVer warm plaster: characteristics, properties and methods of application - look at all this in the video:

Warm plaster for interior work is a relatively young building material that simultaneously performs three functions: it levels and decorates walls, and also ensures a comfortable indoor temperature. Some types of this material also have soundproofing properties.

Most often, heat-insulating plaster for interior work consists of the following substances:

Fillers. They can be very diverse: from sawdust to foamed polystyrene.
Astringent component. Most often, cement grade 400 or 500 is used. Gypsum and slaked lime are also used, but extremely rarely.
Additional components. Used to increase viscosity, plasticity and water repellency.

The composition of warm plaster most often includes cement, additional components and a filler, on which the level of thermal insulation depends

Varieties of material

The main performance characteristics of plaster depend on the type of filler:

Styrofoam. It has the same level of thermal insulation as foam. In addition, its cost is relatively low. But the material is flammable, and when burned, it releases harmful substances.
Sawdust. This is the cheapest material that is considered environmentally friendly. The level of thermal insulation is low, but you can use it to make warm plasters yourself.
Perlite. This material is obtained from a natural substance - volcanic glass. The substance is processed at high temperatures, as a result of which it acquires a porous structure. Perlite is resistant to temperature extremes, pathogens, it is easy to process and lay, but at the same time it absorbs moisture well.
Vermiculite. It is made from mica. The main advantages are fire safety, mechanical strength and biological safety. But just like the previous material, vermiculite has a high level of hygroscopicity.
Foam glass. It is made from quartz sand. Compared to the above materials, foam glass loses in terms of thermal insulation. But it can be used for finishing wet rooms.

Types of fillers for heat-insulating plaster

Advantages and disadvantages

Insulating plaster has the following positive aspects:

High level of thermal insulation. A 5 cm plaster layer has the same thermal insulation index as two rows of bricks.
Good level of soundproofing.
Fire safety. Most of the materials that are used for insulation are non-flammable. The exception is expanded polystyrene, but it is not very popular.
Relatively light weight. This type of finishing material is lighter than most conventional plasters, so there will be no unnecessary impact on the walls and base of the house.
Adhesion. Warm plaster mixtures have good adhesion to most building materials.
Environmental friendliness. In most cases, substances of natural origin are used for the manufacture of this material.
Ease of installation. Such plaster is applied in a thin layer, so the installation of a reinforcing mesh is not required.

The main disadvantage is the fact that warm plaster loses a little to standard heaters in terms of thermal conductivity. In addition, mixtures are quite expensive.

Brief overview of prefabricated plasters

Knauf Grünband. Plasters of this brand are considered the highest quality and most popular in the modern market. This material is made on the basis of cement, and expanded polystyrene with a fraction of about 1.5 mm acts as a filler. In addition, the composition contains additional components that increase the performance of finished coatings. After drying, the plaster is not afraid of water and has a structural coating. The thermal conductivity of the mixture is 0.55 W/m°C. The minimum layer thickness is 10 mm, the maximum is 30 mm. The material can be applied manually or with a machine. Supplied in bags of 25 kg, the average consumption is 12 kg per square meter with a layer of 10 mm.

Knauf Grűnband - warm plaster filled with polystyrene foam

AuBenputzPerlit FS-402. Lightweight plaster based on Portland cement to which perlite is added. The mixture was developed specifically for finishing cellular concrete surfaces, but it can be used on all surfaces, including old plaster. Insulated surfaces do not have the highest thermal conductivity - 0.16 W / m ° C. The filler fraction does not exceed 0.6 mm, resulting in a textured coating that requires further decoration. The maximum layer is 50 mm, and the consumption is 10 kg per square meter with a layer of 10 mm.

AuBenputzPerlit FS-402 - heat-insulating composition with perlite filler

Unis Teplon. Quite a popular material that is intended exclusively for internal surfaces. It is made on the basis of gypsum and perlite. The maximum layer without the use of a reinforcing mesh is 50 mm, with a mesh - 70 mm. After drying, a coating is obtained, which is not necessary to be subjected to further finishing. The mixture comes in two varieties: gray and white. It can be used to prepare the base for wallpaper or paint. The thermal conductivity of the plaster is 0.23 W / m ° C. The material is packaged in bags of 5, 15 and 25 kg, the consumption is 8 kg per square meter.

Unis Teplon - plaster with a gypsum base and perlite filler

De Luxe Teplolux. Warm plaster based on cement with the addition of foam glass with a fraction of 3 mm. After drying, the surface requires further finishing. The recommended layer is 40 mm, it will dry in 28 days. Mixtures are packaged in bags of 12 kg, the consumption is approximately 5 kg per square meter.

De Luxe Teplolux - warm plaster with foam glass filler

Paladium Palaplaster-207. The main advantage of this material is the high level of sound absorption. It is made from cement and foam glass. Typically, plaster is used to create rough surfaces for wallpapering or painting. The solution dries fairly quickly: 2-3 days. The consumption is only 4 kg per square meter, and it is supplied in 12 kg bags.

Paladium Palaplaster-207 - thermal insulation compound filled with foam glass

Umka UB-21 ТМ. This material has been specially developed for cold winter conditions - it withstands 35 freeze / thaw cycles. It is produced on the basis of cement and lime, to which foam glass granules are added. After drying, the plaster requires further finishing. The uniqueness of the material lies in the fact that, provided that a reinforcing mesh is used, the layer of material can reach up to 100 mm. The plaster is supplied in bags of 7 kg, and the consumption is 3.5 kg per square meter.

Umka UB-21 TM - foam glass filled plaster

ThermoUm. Can be used for indoor and outdoor work. The material dries for at least 28 days, after which you can start finishing it. After drying, the coating acquires the ability to absorb moisture accumulated near the wall itself and release it into the air, which ensures a long service life of the surfaces. Mixes are supplied in bags of 7 kg, and the consumption is only 3 kg per square meter.

ThermoUm - warm plaster that has a long service life

On a note! You should not make a conclusion about the purchase of a certain type of plaster, based only on consumption or cost indicators. The lower the consumption, the more expensive each kilogram of dry mix will cost, so it is better to carry out a full calculation in advance and decide on the budget.

How to prepare plaster with your own hands

The prices for ready-made compositions are quite high, and if you look at the cost of individual components, then the idea arises to make a mixture with your own hands. It is only important to remember that inaccuracies in the production process can significantly affect the quality of the finished coating. Do-it-yourself warm plaster is prepared according to several recipes.

The first version of the solution is 1 part of cement, 1 part of ordinary building sand, 4 parts of perlite. All calculations are based on the volume, not the mass of materials. You will also need water, but its exact amount is almost impossible to name. The result should be a mixture with the consistency of thick sour cream. In some cases, the proportions change, for example, 1 part of cement, 1 part of sand and 5 parts of perlite, as well as 1:2:3, respectively. It is also permissible to add PVA glue, but not more than 1% of the total mass of the solution.

Most often, polystyrene foam or perlite is used for home-made warm plaster.

The second option involves the presence of plasticizers. It is possible to insulate with such compositions internal surfaces of any type. For the manufacture of this plaster, the first step is to prepare a special solution. Carboxymethylcellulose, as well as plasticizers, the total amount of which should not exceed 1%, are dissolved in a small amount of water. All this must be thoroughly mixed and let the solution brew. Then 1 part of the solution is mixed with 1 part of cement, 2 parts of perlite and 2 parts of sand are added. Thoroughly mix until a homogeneous material with the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained, after which it must be immediately used for its intended purpose.

Should know! The above recipes are approximate. The exact proportions depend on the quality of the materials used to make the plaster, the accuracy of the measurements, the composition of the water, and so on. In the factory, all this can be controlled, but not at home. Therefore, you need to be prepared for the fact that the ideal formula will have to be derived by trial and error.

Warm plasters are a good option for those who want to abandon the use of standard heaters and at the same time decorate their home. Such compositions are not cheap, but you can save a lot if you cook everything yourself.

When planning to carry out repair work indoors, you should think through and take into account all the details, because in such work there can be no trifles. Warming the room is one of the most important processes, it should not be ignored. Warm plaster is one of the options for solving this issue.

Peculiarities

Many residents of apartments and private houses hear about warm plaster for the first time, so you should understand in more detail what it is, for what purposes it is used and what its varieties are.

All building materials have certain thermal insulation properties. Using ordinary plaster, you can only slightly insulate the room. To achieve stronger insulation, use warm plaster.

When applying warm plaster to the surface, the wall turns out to be more even, while its thermal insulation increases.

The use of this material in construction and in the performance of repair work began not so long ago, so few people know about the composition and properties of warm plaster.

With its help you can:

level the wall
decorate the surface
ensure the temperature for a comfortable stay.

In addition, this material has a soundproof function.

Thermal insulation materials have a porous, fibrous or cellular structure, which is filled with air, gas or vacuum. When applied to the surface, a kind of “fur coat” is created.

Since ancient times, natural materials have been used to insulate walls. For this, straw, sawdust and clay were used. Coating the walls with a mixture of these materials, diluted with water, they achieved their insulation. Perhaps this technique is still used somewhere in the villages because of its cheapness and ease of use.

Modern technologies do not stand still, and today a large number of materials are produced that are used to insulate walls. The basis for warm plaster are various fillers and a binder, as well as other additional ingredients.

The filler for warm plaster can consist of different materials. Consider their description and characteristics:

The filler may contain polystyrene foam. This material has a high level of thermal insulation, besides it is inexpensive. In addition to the undoubted advantages, polystyrene foam has a drawback - it is able to ignite quickly, and toxic substances are released during the combustion of the material.
The cheapest, and also the most environmentally friendly material can be called sawdust. They are often used in the self-production of the material, although sawdust does not have high heat-shielding properties.
Perlite. When processing perlite with high temperature, a material with a porous structure is obtained. Perlite has good resistance to temperature extremes, it is easy to work with this material. It also has resistance to harmful microorganisms.
material made from mica vermiculite. It is very durable, has a high level of hygroscopicity, has biological safety and fire safety.
Foam glass. For its production, quartz sand is taken. This material is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity, which is undoubtedly its advantage. Its thermal insulation properties are lower than those described above.

Sawdust

Vermiculite

Gypsum or cement is used to bind these materials. The use of cement in the work allows you to achieve a more durable surface. The mortar with cement has a gray color, from the side it will be noticeable. In order to get rid of the gray tint on the surface, it can be covered with gypsum putty.

Instead of cement, you can take gypsum. Usually it is used only indoors.

Specifications

You should figure out where warm plaster is used, how easily it is applied to the surface indoors.

So, this material is applicable for:

for leveling walls and creating additional thermal insulation;
filling voids, insulation of water pipes, sewers;
insulation of slopes of windows and doors - such an insulating surface will prevent the ingress of cold air and drafts;
often heat-saving putty is applied when insulating a ceiling or floor.

Thermal insulation putty has a lot of advantages:

First of all, it should be noted that it is easy to work with this material, plus you can immediately solve the issue of both insulation and surface finish.
The material has excellent properties, has high adhesion to many surfaces.
When working with warm putty, it is often possible to do without priming the surface.
When applying the solution to the surface during operation, no seams or so-called "cold bridges" remain on it.
Using modern plasters, you can not be afraid that over time the material can be damaged by insects or eaten by rodents, moreover, pathogenic bacteria will not divorce in it.

If the composition consists of gypsum, perlite and vermiculite, it is not recommended to use it for internal insulation of rooms with high humidity, since these materials are highly hygroscopic.

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare the walls. The surface should be cleaned from the previous layer and remove hooks, nails and other small parts that may interfere with work. Next, the walls should be primed and left for a couple of days to dry completely, and only then carry out work on the insulation of the premises.

Given all the advantages of the material and its disadvantages, we can say that the use of warm plaster indoors is fully justified. It is used in combination with other heaters, but it should be applied in places where it is really needed.

In order to prepare a solution, take 1 kg of the mixture and 0.5 liters of water. The composition is not recommended to do in large portions as it dries very quickly. To mix, take a construction mixer and stir until the mixture looks like sour cream.
When mixing a dry mixture with water, pour the liquid little by little, stirring constantly. When using a moisture-resistant composition, it is enough to take 200 liters of water per 1 kg of the mixture. Before starting work, the solution is left for a few minutes to soak.
When applying putty, they take a trowel with a rule. The layer should not be made thick, it should not exceed 5 cm. When applying the material to the ceiling, the layer size should be reduced to 3 cm. By applying putty on the walls, you can immediately level the surface and remove minor defects.

After covering the entire surface, wait until the wall is dry. This may take a little over an hour. After that, it is cut using the rule. To check, you can take the building level. At this stage, possible shortcomings such as depressions, irregularities and roughness are eliminated.
If after applying one coat the walls remain uneven, they are left to dry and then another layer is applied again. When applying more than one layer after complete drying of the surface, it is primed and sewn up with a reinforcing mesh.
At the final stage, glossing or glazing is done. To do this, the surface is moistened with water and cleaned with a sponge grater. When cement or gypsum milk appears, the wall is rubbed with a soft wide spatula. You can leave the wall in this form, it no longer transmits heat, but more often it is painted with facade paint, sewn up with siding, or any other decorative work is used.

High-temperature putty is an easy-to-use material that is used for interior work. When choosing this material, it should be borne in mind that the mixtures are quite expensive, and for work you often have to buy several packages.

To avoid additional waste, you can use a putty prepared by yourself. Homemade solutions are absolutely not inferior in quality to store options.

As part of the putty of our own production:

one part sand;
one part of cement;
four parts perlite / vermiculite;
the required amount of water to make the mixture creamy.

When making a solution with expanded polystyrene, vermiculite and perlite, the ratio should be 1: 4, that is, if 0.5 kg of sand and cement are taken, 2 cubes of perlite and about 500-600 liters of water should be added.

Sometimes PVA glue is added to this composition, but it is not used in large quantities - it is enough to take 2% of the total amount of water. When adding glue to the solution, it must first be diluted. Instead of glue, you can take a plasticizer, for example, polyplast.

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