What is better to drip into the nose with a cold. Nose drops: an overview of pharmacological groups with names, the order of use for various diseases. Combined drops and features of their use

Congestion and constant discharge from the nose often lead to a severe headache, and in advanced cases, they cause otitis media, sinusitis or rhinitis. For treatment, drops from the common cold are used, which are selected taking into account the pharmacological purpose of the drug, the causes of negative symptoms, age and individual characteristics of the body.

For the treatment of the common cold, special drops are used.

When are cold drops needed?

The use of nasal congestion agents is necessary in a number of cases:

• to eliminate cicatricial changes in the mucosa resulting from surgical intervention;
• in the treatment of diseases of the nose and nasopharynx of the inflammatory type, which include rhinitis of different origin and severity;
• with the common cold and complicated by bacterial infections;
• in case of development of an allergic reaction to irritants of a different nature.

In acute rhinitis, before using the medicine, you should consult a doctor, since some types of drops can lead to a deterioration in well-being and exacerbation of the disease.

Drops are used to treat common and complicated rhinitis

How to choose the right drops?

When choosing the right medication for snot, you should pay attention to the active substances that make up the drops, study their effect on the body, and also take into account the individual characteristics and the cause of the unwanted symptom.

1. With a cold of bacterial origin. Preference should be given to the means of homeopathic and combined groups.
2. During pregnancy. First of all, it is important to take into account the body's sensitivity to the ingredients of the drug, the gestation period and possible side effects. It is best to use herbal preparations or sea water.
3. Child treatment. Drops with antiseptic and cauterizing action will help get rid of the common cold in a short period of time without harm to health.
4. Allergic rhinitis. It is treated with combined or hormonal agents.
5. With chronic rhinitis. It is recommended to use oil-based drops, as they do not dry out the mucous membrane and help to achieve the desired effect due to extracts of medicinal plants.

Classification and list of the best drops from the common cold

It is impossible to single out the best nose drops. They are divided into a number of groups, each of which has its own characteristics and therapeutic purpose.

In each pharmacological group, effective nasal preparations are distinguished.

Runny nose, or scientifically, rhinitis is considered the most common disease. Nasal discharge is the result of irritation and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The culprits of the disease are most often viruses, less often bacteria, dry polluted air or allergies.

Uncomplicated rhinitis usually resolves on its own within 3 to 7 days. But in some cases, treatment is needed. If pharmacy preparations are not currently available, you can prepare nasal drops at home. Next, read the recipes and features of self-treatment of the common cold.

We treat a runny nose at home

The secretion of mucus at first is the norm. So the body gets rid of harmful agents and its own damaged cells. Therefore, the first days of the disease can be limited to washing the nasal cavity with physiological saline. In addition, it is important to drink enough liquid, to monitor the optimal humidity. This will prevent the patient from drying out the mucous secretion, and as a result, from serious inflammation.
However, in some cases, the use of drops is indispensable. These situations include:

• nasal congestion;
• thick mucus;
• discharge with an unpleasant odor, green, yellow, brown;
• prolonged rhinitis, more than 7-10 days;
• pain in the nose, under the eyes, in the frontal part, headaches, inability to tilt the head.

The latter case is a sign of serious inflammation and requires immediate medical attention. With this option, being treated with home remedies is not easy useless, but also dangerous. With sinusitis (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis, etc.), hand-made drops can only be considered as an additional therapy at the recovery stage.

Top folk recipes

There are many non-traditional remedies that help get rid of a runny nose no worse than pharmacy ones. Carrot or beetroot juice, garlic oil solution, honey water, aloe juice and much more can be instilled into the nose. When choosing components, it is important to take into account the presence of allergies, age restrictions or other contraindications for use.

In the manufacture of the product, sterility must be observed. Ready drops are stored in the refrigerator for no longer than a day (oil drops up to 3 days). Now let's move on to the recipes.

Kalanchoe - an indispensable assistant

A potted plant that is in almost every home. The leaves and stems of Kalanchoe have antimicrobial properties, cause sneezing and help to effectively cleanse the paranasal sinuses. To make drops, you need to wrap the crushed leaf in gauze and squeeze it well. Use any available means for this. Adults can instill up to 5 drops in each nostril three times a day.

To enhance the effect, Kalanchoe juice is mixed with onion. A fresh onion is cut and then squeezed through cheesecloth. Proportions - 2 parts Kalanchoe to 1 part vegetable juice. Such a medicine is used immediately after preparation.

Aloe

Another very useful plant that many grow at home in a pot. Aloe juice has pronounced anti-inflammatory, regenerating and antimicrobial properties. It is used for many diseases. With a runny nose, aloe is even added to pharmacy nasal drops. How to prepare a remedy from scratch.

1. Cut off the fleshy leaf at the base, separate a small part the size of the little finger, chop with a knife. Then squeeze the juice through gauze, dilute in half with boiled water. Apply three times, 3 instillations into the nostril.
2. To enhance the effectiveness, mix aloe juice with an antiseptic solution (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin) in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:3, respectively. Use the product three times a day, 2-3 drops.
3. For a purulent cold, combine aloe juice with onion (1: 1), and then dilute in half with boiled water. Apply three times a day, 2-3 drops.

Important. For medicinal purposes, only an adult plant that is 3 or more years old is suitable. Use the bottom leaves. After cutting off the right amount of aloe, put the rest in the refrigerator. The cut leaf is stored for about a day without loss of healing properties.

onion remedy

There are many variations of drops with the juice of the named vegetable from the common cold. Onions are famous for their powerful antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. With a cold, you can simply arrange it chopped in the room. But it is much more effective to prepare drops.

1. Peel a small onion from the husk, grate. Strain the porridge. Dilute the resulting juice in half with boiled water. Apply 2 drops three times a day.
2. Squeeze 2 tablespoons of onion juice, add 100 ml of boiled water (necessarily cold), a teaspoon of honey and mix thoroughly. This version of the drug should be used 5 drops three times a day. In addition, this composition is suitable for gargling, it can be taken orally.
3. In the presence of damage, crusts in the nose, onion gruel is poured with vegetable oil in a ratio of 1 to 3, insisted for a day and squeezed. Next, the solution is used in the morning and evening, 2-3 drops in the nasal passage.

Onions are good for nasal congestion, with frequent sneezing, but harmful for rhinorrhea (increased formation and separation of mucus, for example, in the cold). After using the medicine, there may be a short-term burning sensation and lacrimation.

Beet and carrot juices

These vegetables can be found in everyone's refrigerator. Both carrots and beets have bactericidal properties, improve blood supply to tissues, and eliminate congestion. Let's figure out how to prepare a medicine.

Recipe. Peel a fresh vegetable from the peel, grate on a fine grater, squeeze the gruel. Before use, dilute the juice in half with water. Drip three times a day, 2 drops into the nasal passage. With crusts in the nasal cavity, it is recommended to replace the water with vegetable oil.

Drops with essential oils

This recipe can be used for any common cold, except allergic. Drops with essential oils heal, prevent drying of the mucosa, increase local immunity, slightly relieve swelling and fight inflammation. They do not have an immediate effect, like vasoconstrictors. For a visible result, treatment for 7-10 days is recommended.

We figure out how to make drops with essential oils at home. Recipes.

1. Mix a teaspoon of olive or sunflower oil with 2 drops of tea tree oil, the same amount of geranium oil, bergamot. Add 3 drops of eucalyptus and cedar oil, mix. Apply 1 drop in each nasal passage 2-3 times a day.
2. Take 5 drops of eucalyptus, mint, tea tree oil, mix well. Introduce 1-2 drops into each nostril in the morning and evening.

Garlic for a cold

The vegetable has bactericidal and antiviral properties, promotes better separation of mucus, helps to get rid of nasal congestion. To prepare drops based on garlic, you must perform the following steps.

Pass one or two cloves through a crush, pour the mixture with 2 tablespoons of sunflower oil (boiled). After 2 hours, strain the garlic remedy through cheesecloth. Drops are used no more than 3 times a day, 1-2 in each nasal passage.

Advice. If, after using the home remedy, there is a burning sensation, lacrimation, swelling increases, the nasal cavity should be washed with saline and the antiallergic drug Diazolin or Suprastin should be taken.

Recipes for complex drops

With the ineffectiveness of monocomponent pharmaceuticals, doctors sometimes prescribe complex drops. Usually they are made by pharmacists according to the ENT prescription, which is issued to the patient on an individual basis. Treatment with such drugs is justified with the mixed nature of the disease (viral-bacterial, infectious-allergic), with severe forms of rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis. Needless to say, in such situations, you need to see a doctor.

1. Universal nose drops: half an ampoule of Dioxidine, an ampoule of Dexamethasone on a vial of Naphthyzinum.
2. From nasal congestion, with the impossibility of nasal breathing: Dioxidine, Dexamethasone, Diphenhydramine in an ampoule, diluted in half a bottle of Naphthyzinum. The second option: 10 ml of Xylene, 5 ml of Dioxidine, an ampoule of Dexamethasone.
3. From sinusitis, bacterial infections: Dexamethasone, Ceftriaxone, saline in a ratio of 1:1:1. The components of the medicine are selected based on the diagnosis. For children, complex drops are prescribed after 3 years, with rare exceptions earlier, when other treatment does not work.

Remedy for severe rhinorrhea and vasomotor rhinitis

If a runny nose was provoked by vasoconstrictor drops, or rather, getting used to them, oak bark will help. It can be cut from a tree yourself or purchased at a pharmacy. How to prepare a medicine at home.

Grind a tablespoon of bark, pour 300 ml of water, boil over low heat for an hour. Then let the broth brew for 3 hours, strain. Apply 2 drops every 4 hours.

This medicine also helps well with increased mucus secretion, not caused by allergies. The decoction has an astringent effect. As a side effect, drying of the nasal mucosa is possible. In this case, drops should be alternated with oil products.

Children's recipes

All of the above funds are also used to treat children. The only thing is that the proportions of the drops change somewhat. If the child is 2-5 years old, the drops are diluted in a proportion that is 2 times the adult. For example, beetroot juice is diluted with water not 1:1, but 1:2. For children over 5 years old, a slightly more concentrated solution is used. It is not recommended to treat a child under one year old with home remedies at all, except for cases when a doctor prescribes a prescription.

All drops prepared at home are used for the first time in the morning for the child, after which the reaction is closely monitored. If the baby is prone to allergies, it is safest to prepare decoctions of herbs and medicinal plants. From the common cold help:

• pharmaceutical camomile;
• sage;
• calendula;
• St. John's wort;
• eucalyptus (with caution).

To prepare the remedy, a teaspoon of herbs is brewed with a glass of boiling water, insisted for 20 minutes and filtered. Up to 5 drops are instilled into the nose in each stroke, keeping the head slightly tilted back and to the side opposite from the nostril being buried.

Home remedies for a cold in some cases help no worse than pharmacy ones. It is advisable to use such drops at the first signs of a cold, for prevention, as an adjuvant therapy in difficult cases. The main thing is to choose the right recipe and observe the proportions. Then there will soon be no trace of the hated secretions!

• Stage 1 - reflex. Its duration takes several hours. Vasoconstriction occurs, the surface of the mucous membrane becomes pale. The nose becomes dry and irritated;
• Stage 2 - catarrhal. Lasts two or three days. There is an expansion of blood vessels, redness and swelling of the mucosa. Difficulty breathing and clinical signs of a runny nose are observed;
• Stage 3 - recovery. The functional abilities of the nasal mucosa are restored. The inflammation stops. Breathing through the nose returns to normal. There is a disappearance in the nose of dryness, itching, burning. Nasal secretions thicken, their color changes.

In total, with the right approach to treatment, the duration of a runny nose is 7-10 days.

When assisting a child, it is necessary to consider which medications and when it is permissible to use. is complicated by the fact that the number of medicines for children from the common cold is very limited.

Children's vasoconstrictor drops

An interesting and informative article from a children's doctor about pharmaceutical and folk remedies.

It will also be useful for parents to know the child and use an aspirator with interchangeable nozzles.

To relieve a runny nose in a child, you can use vasoconstrictor nasal drops for children.

With a runny nose, swelling of the nasal mucosa occurs, which prevents the child from breathing. Vasoconstrictor nasal drops are administered during an allergic reaction or when. Therefore, it is necessary to have such a drug in the medicine cabinet at home. This medicine should not be the main one in the treatment of various diseases. Rather, it is used to help the child breathe normally during an illness.

Children's vasoconstrictor drops are divided into three classes: short-acting agents, intermediate-acting agents, and long-acting agents. The drug for children for nasal congestion is selected taking into account the goals to be achieved.

If nasal breathing is impaired due to a cold, long-acting medications should be used. It is important to follow the instructions. Use the medicine at the exact dosage, preferably at bedtime or at night. If the swelling of the mucous membrane is caused by an allergic reaction, you can buy a short-acting drug.

Short-acting vasoconstrictor drops in the nose from the common cold

The duration of these drops for children is 4 hours. Preparing drugs based on tetrazoline, phenylephrine and naphazoline.

Droplets can cause children's medical rhinitis. This is a disease that develops as a result of an overdose of nasal vasoconstrictor drugs. Because of the feeling of a good result from the drops, most people, despite the instructions, greatly increase the dosage. Children's dependence on drugs develops rapidly. This leads to a long cure for the common cold.

Preparations based on phenylephrine are ideal for preschool children. Preparations can be used for children up to 3 years.

Drops are made on the basis of naphazoline at a dose of 0.05%. The drug Naphthyzin, upon contact with the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity, quickly relieves inflammation and swelling of the tissues. With a cold, the medicine acts on the capillaries, thereby increasing the amount of air that enters through the nose.

Doctors rarely prescribe Naphthyzine vasoconstrictor drops to children when there is acute sinusitis and frequent bleeding.

Naphthyzine is not administered to babies under one year old, to women during pregnancy, during.

When using the drug, side effects can be observed - lethargy, dizziness, low body temperature, medical rhinitis may develop.

In pregnant women, the drug causes vasoconstriction in the nasal sinus and in other organs. This situation is often the cause of fetal hypoxia. Therefore, it is contraindicated to use even children's vasoconstrictor drops for pregnant women without consulting a doctor.

Vasoconstrictor drops for infants should be used after consultation with the attending physician.

The drug Otrivin

The drug Tizin

The drops are based on tetrizoline. The active substance of the drug for children is 0.05%.

Drops lead to narrowing of blood vessels and improve the nasal mucosa. The impact occurs after 5 minutes, lasts more than 10 hours.

The medicine has several contraindications: age up to 2 years, hypersensitivity to individual components.

Among the side effects are a decrease in body temperature, a feeling of dryness and irritation in the nose, sleep disturbance and wakefulness in children under 3 years of age. The mechanism of action of the drug Tizin is similar to the drug Otrivin.

Not only the name of the drops is different, but they also differ in price. The drug Tizin is much cheaper. Therefore, with nasal congestion in children, it is preferred by most modern mothers.

Vasoconstrictor drugs for the common cold long-acting

The duration of vasoconstrictor drops is provided by the presence of oxymetazoline. This ingredient not only removes the swelling of the mucosa, but also reduces the secretion of mucus in the sinuses during sinusitis, rhinitis. For various allergic reactions, medications are also used, which are based on oxymetazoline.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, age under 6 years.

The most common are the drugs Afrin, Fazin, Nazivin. All of these drugs have different dosages. They are suitable for adults and children.

Nazivin

This medicine based on oxymetazoline perfectly relieves swelling of the mucous membrane and normalizes breathing through the nose. The drug Nazivin, as a rule, is well tolerated by young patients.

Sometimes there may be side effects - a decrease in body temperature, a feeling in the nose of dryness and irritation.

Moisturizing nasal drops for newborns contain isotonic sea water that is filtered and microbiologically controlled to be sterile. Isotonic means that sea water has been diluted enough to contain the same concentration of salt as cells in the human body.

Fine drops of sea water work by softening and loosening nasal mucus. This helps to clear the nasal passages, allowing the child to breathe easier, thereby making it easier for him to eat and sleep. The drops also clear the nasal passages of viruses and bacteria, as well as irritants and allergens such as dust and pollen.

If your child has a nose injury or has recently had nose surgery, you should consult your doctor before using this group of medicines.

Treatment of a runny nose in children under one year old will be easier with the use of drugs in this group. One of these means are drops, sprays, aerosols of the Aqualor brand.

The company produces a wide range of medications for moisturizing and washing the nasal passages. Aqualor contains water from the Atlantic Ocean collected off the coast of Brittany.

• - nose drops for newborns. Produced in the form of drops and spray. They contain diluted sea water;
• Aqualor soft aerosol and Aqualor norms spray from a cold for children contain diluted sea water. They are prescribed for dryness of the nasal mucosa during colds. The remedy can be for children from six months;
• Aqualor forte used when the nose is very stuffy. In this agent, the concentration of the sea water solution exceeds the standardized 0.9%. Aqualor forte can be used for children from two years old.

Another well-known drug designed to moisturize the nasal cavity of an infant is Aquamaris. For children up to a year, it is produced in a drop form. For children older than one year, you can use the spray.

Sterilized isotonic sea water contained in Aquamaris maintains the normal state of the nasal mucosa.

The constituent microelements of this medicine increase the resistance of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to the ingress of viruses and bacteria.

If the child has allergic or vasomotor rhinitis, the drug helps to wash off and remove allergens and irritants from the nasal mucosa, reduce the local inflammatory process. Aquamaris is used for hygienic purposes, cleans the mucous from street and house dust.

Aquamaris

Most doctors have developed a distrustful attitude towards homeopathic remedies. However, homeopaths are confident in the effectiveness of such medicines.

Benefits of this category.

1. Their use is not dangerous in the treatment of the common cold in young children.
2. Components of plant origin only.
3. There are no side effects.

Many homeopaths are convinced that with an individual approach to the preparation of a treatment regimen, a positive result can be achieved. Homeopaths also recommend the use of these drops for the purpose of prevention. It is worth noting that homeopathic drops will not help, but will be harmful in the treatment of viral or bacterial sinusitis.

When using homeopathic drops, you must adhere to a clear scheme. Treatment should last 1-4 months because homeopathy has a cumulative effect.

Below are details of the two brands available to patients. Each brand is unique, but all of them, according to experienced homeopaths, are very effective.

Xlear

You may have heard of xylitol as a natural, calorie-free sugar substitute. It is used in natural resins and food products. But xylitol has many uses, one of which is nasal cleansing.

Xlear is a nasal spray that comes with xylitol, which stimulates the natural cleaning of the child's respiratory system.

Xylitol actually prevents bacteria and other irritants from sticking to your baby's nasal tissues, preventing re-infection and irritation. This way the body is able to heal itself faster. By stopping bacteria and irritants from bothering your child, you can protect him from possible infection and prevent bacteria from entering the nose.

This product will not only relieve the symptoms of the disease, but, first of all, will prevent their occurrence, which you are unlikely to see from a conventional cold remedy. The formula was developed by a doctor and contains only natural ingredients such as purified water and grapefruit seed extract, which acts as a natural preservative.

In fact, you can store the medicine in the room for several months, and it will not deteriorate. Since this preparation does not contain any chemical elements, you can use it for various purposes - for illness, allergies, general irritation of the nasal mucosa. The drug is completely safe for children and does not contain antibiotics.

This is a remedy whose main ingredient is olive leaf extract.

Seagate Olive Leaf Nasal Spray is made from natural plant ingredients that reduce mucus production and ease breathing due to mucosal swelling.

Similar to the xylitol product described above, olive leaf extract actually helps prevent irritation in the nasal passages.

Seagate Olive Leaf Nasal Spray

It contains only three ingredients.

1. Olive leaf extract with anti-inflammatory property due to oleuropein.
2. Baptista Tinctoria. Also known as yellow wild indigo. The root of this plant has long been used to treat infections of the throat, mouth, and gums. Recently, a stimulating effect on the immune system has been proven.
3. Grapefruit seed extract is used as a natural preservative. This extract is full of antioxidants, nutrients. Contains vitamin C and minerals, used to combat harmful organisms and bacteria.

These ingredients have amazing properties on their own and form a powerful formula when combined with each other. Not only will your baby's sinuses be free, but you will also experience the added benefits of these ingredients.

The antifungal properties as well as the immune system-boosting effects of the ingredients will help prevent infections.

Oil nose drops for children

Nasal drops based on various oils are used to moisturize and soften the nasal cavity.

Currently, for different types of rhinitis, the following drugs are most popular, which are openly available in every pharmacy.

Oil nose drops for children

These are cold drops for children from 1 year old. Contain a mixture of vegetable and essential oils, pure natural substances with antimicrobial action.

Improves blood circulation in mucous tissues and restores its natural functions. Pinosol is a complex medication with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral effects.

Reduces the intensity of local exudative inflammation, reduces the viscosity of mucus, facilitates its separation and expectoration. In the case of a chronic disease, it increases blood flow in the nose, larynx, trachea and promotes functional recovery.

Indications: infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi.

In the first stage of a runny nose, doctors recommend dripping 1 drop into each nostril at three-hour intervals. When you feel better, switch to four times a day. For babies, wet an ear stick with the solution and rub the nasal passages in a circular motion.

Pinovit

It is used in the treatment of various forms of rhinitis. Pinovit reduces inflammation, swelling, has a thinning property. The drug is contraindicated when there is an allergy to its components.

The tool is intended for children from 2 years. The dosage for children is 1 drop in each nostril no more than 4 times a day. The duration of treatment is about 6 days.

Pinovit drops

Other nasal oil drops with a similar effect and the same treatment regimen are Ekvasept, Sinusan, Vitaon.

Antiviral drops

The basis of almost all antiviral nasal drops is interferon.

Grippferon

Antiviral drug, the main component of which is interferon. Release form: ointments, drops, children's spray from the common cold.

Grippferon has a powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect.

Its undoubted advantage is the almost absolute absence of side effects and contraindications. This is an effective medication for the common cold of viral origin for children under 1 year old.

Grippferon

Ingaron

Ingaron is produced in the form of a white powder. Before using it, you need to make a solution. The powder must be diluted with distilled water. Ingaron is based on gamma-interferon. It is more effective against viruses. The drug has a wide spectrum of action. Contraindicated in children under 7 years of age.

Derinat

Derinat differs from other antiviral drugs in that it does not contain interferon. The main component of the drug is deoxyribonucleate.

The drug has a fairly strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. The dosage for children is calculated only by the pediatrician individually for each case.

Antibacterial drops

Antibacterial nasal drops are "heavy artillery" for the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx and the entire system of the upper respiratory tract. These drops will help cure nasal diseases that are not amenable to conventional therapy.

Antibacterial drops consist of strong substances that fight infection and relieve a runny nose in children. These medicines quickly remove the swelling of the mucous membranes, normalize the respiratory function.

Compared to the same preparations in the form of tablets drops have a number of advantages.

1. They can act directly on the source of infection at the local level, which allows you to more effectively and quickly deal with the disease.
2. Avoid allergic reactions and the emergence of resistance to certain antibiotics.
3. The drugs have no negative effects on the digestive tract.
4. Do not harm healthy flora.
5. The product is not applied locally to other areas of the body and is safe for the immune system.
6. Does not affect destructively on blood vessels and capillaries.

Despite the rather significant benefits, this type of antibiotic treatment is not safe. Therefore, they cannot be assigned on their own.

The most popular antibacterial nasal preparations

The drug contains a hormonal ingredient, so it tends to be prescribed in exceptionally difficult cases. Children can use the product after reaching the age of three.

Isofra

Isofra contains the main active ingredient framycetin. The medicine is made in the form of sprays. An antibacterial drug of this kind is good for certain types of infection.

Therefore, it is prescribed in cases where the causative agent is known. Well eliminates all classes of aerobic microorganisms. When a drug does not work after a week of use, it is discontinued and replaced with another type of antibiotic.

These medicines can be administered to children and adults. It must be borne in mind that the drugs belong to the group of antibiotics and each of them is intended for a specific age group.

Antiseptic nose drops for babies Protargol

It is an anti-inflammatory astringent colloidal solution of silver ions. It is used for children from birth. The drug belongs to the category of a wide spectrum, but it has limitations.

For viral infections, this drug does not work. When using Protargol, an infection of bacterial origin goes away quickly, without complications.

Always talk to your pediatrician before choosing and using any effective cold medicine for children. Be sure to call your pediatrician if your baby develops symptoms or a fever.

A runny nose is an unpleasant disease in which not only nasal congestion and abundant discharge appear, but the general condition worsens. Depending on the cause of the pathology, the symptoms may be expressed to a greater or lesser extent.

Drops in the nose are prescribed taking into account the severity of the disease, the type of provoking factor, as well as the presence of concomitant pathology in humans.

Drops in the nose from the common cold have a different composition, mechanism of action and duration of the therapeutic effect. Here are the most commonly prescribed nasal drops for rhinitis:

• vasoconstrictor;
• mucolytic;
• antiseptic;
• antihistamines;
• hormonal;
• saline.

Vasoconstrictors

The mechanism of action of drugs in this group is due to the contact of the active substance with the adrenoreceptors of the blood vessels of the nasopharynx, as a result of which the latter spasm. A few minutes after instillation of the nasal passages, there is a decrease in the severity of tissue edema, the volume of secretions and easier breathing.

The main disadvantage of vasoconstrictor drugs is the rapid addiction to them.

Against the background of prolonged use of nasal drops with a runny nose, the sensitivity of receptors to the active substance is lost. To obtain the initial therapeutic effect, it is required to instill a larger volume of the drug.

If vasoconstrictors are used in doses that are significantly higher than the norm, drug-induced rhinitis develops, which is quite difficult to get rid of.

Important information

To reduce the amount of discharge from the nose, it is recommended to instill 1-2 drops in each nasal passage. Depending on the composition of the drug, drops for a runny nose can provide sufficient patency of the nasal passages for 4-12 hours.

Medicated drops have some side effects. They include:

• allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, burning in the nose;
• increase in heart rate;
• violation of cardiac rhythm;
• increased blood pressure;
• dryness of the nasal mucosa;
• headache.

Even the best cold drops have contraindications that should be taken into account:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• atrophic type of rhinitis. In this case, vasoconstrictors predispose disease progression;
• uncontrolled hypertension;
• glaucoma;
• tachycardia;
• severe atherosclerotic vascular disease;
• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.

In addition, dosages and age restrictions (for both children and adults) are important. Adults should also be especially careful when using vasoconstrictor medications during antidepressant treatment.

In adults, unlike children, the risk of side effects is much lower. Despite this, drug rhinitis is often diagnosed in adulthood. As for the period of pregnancy, drops against the common cold are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Types of drops

All nasal drops that help reduce nasal discharge can be divided into groups. The classification is based on the active substance. Here is a list of vasoconstrictor drugs based on xymetazoline:

These drugs are valid for up to 6 hours. They are available in the form of a solution with different concentrations, which allows them to be used in childhood (0.05%).

If the active substance in the drug is Naphazoline, it is necessary to beware of rapid addiction. These drugs include Naphthyzinum, Sanorin. They last up to 4 hours and are considered short-acting medicines.

The most common in use are considered drops for rhinitis based on oxymetazoline. Their effect can last up to 10 hours. These drops include:

• Nazivin;
• Nazol;
• Nesopin;
• Knoxprey.

Mucolytics

What drops in the nose help get rid of thick snot? A runny nose goes through three successive stages. Initially, there is a watery discharge from the nose, which is difficult to keep. Over time, the snot becomes thicker and acquires a yellowish tint. With a normal level of immunity, recovery occurs after 4-5 days. If nasal discharge persists and a green tint appears, sinusitis should be suspected. In this case, it is recommended to use mucolytics.

Their action is aimed at reducing the viscosity of mucus, restoring drainage function and preventing the accumulation of secretions. The doctor may prescribe drugs with the following name:

• Rinofluimucil;
• Sinuforte (plant-based).

They have a mucolytic, anti-edematous effect. In addition, drugs fight infectious pathogens, activate metabolic processes and improve the delivery of immune components to the inflammatory focus.

Application features

Mucolytic drops for the treatment of the common cold can be used for up to two weeks. They are recommended for chronic sinusitis, as well as acute rhinitis of various origins.

What drops treat a runny nose? The effectiveness of therapy can be increased several times if Sinuforte is combined with an antibacterial drug, for example, Isofra.

Contraindications include pregnancy, severe cardiovascular pathology and individual intolerance. In rare cases, after instillation of the nasal cavities, burning sensations, skin rashes, increased salivation and lacrimation may appear.

Antiseptics

What drops from the common cold are best used for infectious rhinitis? Antibacterial drugs are prescribed taking into account the type of pathogenic microorganisms that caused the disease. For diagnosis, nasal swabs are collected, after which microscopic and bacteriological examination is carried out. Based on the results of the analyzes, treatment tactics are determined.

The composition of drugs such as Bioparox includes an antibacterial agent. It can be combined with a hormonal and vasoconstrictor, like Polydex.

Due to the regular use of these drops, the severity of the inflammatory process decreases due to the elimination of microbes (as the cause of the disease). The drugs are able to completely destroy the infection or block the reproduction of pathogenic pathogens.

Isofra can be prescribed in childhood, as well as during the period of gestation. Restrictions apply to people who are allergic to framycetin. In the case of prolonged use of the drug, a violation of the microflora of the nasopharynx and a decrease in local immunity are possible.

Polydex - the most effective drops, as they have a combined composition. The drug has much more contraindications. They include:

Also good drops for a cold are Protargol, Miramistin, Dioxidin. They are not addictive, they are widely used not only in otolaryngology, but also in surgery and urogynecology.

Medicines have an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and regenerating effect. Contraindications for Protargol include intolerance to silver and albumin. After instillation of the nasal passages, itching sensations, dryness of the nasal mucosa, and headache may occur.

Antihistamines

Antihistamine drops are prescribed for the allergic origin of rhinitis to reduce mucosal edema and facilitate nasal breathing.

Effective drops from the common cold:

• Levocabastin (Tizin Alergi);
• Allergodil;
• Cromosol.

Each drug has a specific mechanism of action, thanks to which it is possible to choose the most effective drugs for each case of allergic rhinitis.

Allergodil

The drug is prescribed quite widely due to its powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic action. It can be used for hay fever or year-round rhinitis. Among the contraindications, attention should be paid to intolerance to azelastine, which is the active substance of Allergodil. In addition, the drug is not used until the age of six. As for the period of pregnancy, Allergodil is allowed, as it does not have a mutogenic effect on the embryo. After instillation of the nose, in rare cases, burning, itching sensations in the nasopharynx, frequent sneezing and nasal bleeding may occur.

The appearance of a bitter taste in the mouth is a consequence of improper administration of the medicine.

The drug can be used for six months, but requires dynamic monitoring by a doctor.

Kromosol

Drops from the common cold Kromosol are prescribed for prophylactic purposes in hay fever, as well as for the treatment of allergies. Contraindications include hypersensitivity, lactation, under five years of age, pregnancy. Caution should be observed in the presence of polyposis growths in the nasal cavities, renal, liver failure. Adults need to instill three drops up to four times a day.

The duration of the course is 4 weeks, after which the dose of the drug should be reduced within 10 days until it is completely canceled.

Thanks to the membrane-stabilizing action, the release of biologically active components that stimulate the development of allergies is blocked. Among the side reactions we highlight:

• mucosal irritation;
• burning sensations;
• frequent sneezing;
• cough;
• increased rhinorrhea;
• headache;
• unpleasant taste sensations;
• nasal bleeding.

Hormonal drops

In some cases, rhinitis cannot be cured with antihistamines and antibacterials, so the doctor may decide to prescribe corticosteroids. They have a powerful anti-inflammatory, decongestant and antihistamine effect.

Long-term use of hormonal nasal agents may be accompanied by addiction and a decrease in the immune defense of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Indications for hormone therapy:

• vasomotor rhinitis;
• allergic rhinitis;
• atrophic, hypertrophic rhinitis;
• polyposis;
• medicated runny nose.

Corticosteroids are usually prescribed as part of complex therapy. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of drugs, which allows you to choose the most affordable, composition and duration of action.

Steroid medications include:

• Baconase;
• Nasobek;
• Nasonex;
• Avamis;
• Aldecin.

In most cases, hormonal drops are prescribed once a day. They act locally, are not absorbed into the general circulation, and therefore do not have a systemic effect.

Contraindications include hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Among the side effects, we focus on:

1. nasal bleeding;
2. ulcerative lesions of the nasopharyngeal mucosa;
3. headache.

Systemic adverse reactions occur when the recommended dose is exceeded, as well as prolonged use of steroid drops.

Saline solutions

Salt solutions based on sea water constitute a separate group of preparations. They have a positive effect on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, namely:

• clean the inner surface of the nose;
• moisturize tissues;
• accelerate regeneration;
• enhance mucosal protection;
• reduce the irritating effect of environmental factors.

Remember that medicinal drops (hormonal, vasoconstrictive, antibacterial) are applied only to the mucosa cleaned with saline.

Sea water products are absolutely safe. Here are a few of them:

1. Aqualor;
2. Humer;
3. Marimer;
4. Salin;
5. But-salt;
6. Aqua Maris.

A cheaper replacement for these drugs is saline. Thanks to complex treatment, a runny nose can be cured in a week and prevent the development of serious complications. If attempts at home therapy have not been successful, consult a doctor.