How will houses be built in the future? What will the house of the future look like? Terrace project
architectural futurology
Moscow
The futurological concept of an interactive smart home of the future involves setting up - programming the entire internal living space, furniture, household and technical appliances in accordance with the new achievements of the 21st century. The house project includes: a robotic kitchen, a home office with virtual capabilities, a bedroom with a sleeping module, a bathroom with an augmented reality simulator sphere, a living room - a digital communication portal, a multimedia gaming center for the whole family.
At the beginning of the 21st century, more and more smart things from the world of high technologies are actively coming into our home and life. There are robot vacuum cleaners, multifunctional electric stoves, multimedia TVs, programmable refrigerators, computers, a variety of gadgets, etc., which literally filled our lives, creating a new style, changing the behavior, ideas and life of millions of families. The time has come for architects and designers not only to take into account in their future projects, all new smart appliances that appear, installing them as some kind of fashionable high-tech exotic at the request of customers in our homes, but to try to take a comprehensive look at the whole concept of the house of the future from a new angle.
Architectural and functional idea " Interactive House. The time of design, when our dwellings are static, silent, have the same aesthetic finishes, the same functionality, are conservative in spirit and do not change for years and decades for many generations, has passed. The dynamics of life and the rapid development of scientific and technological progress dictate a different approach to designing the architectural space of the house of the future as a kind of constantly updated and restarted lifestyle program and constantly expanding functionality. The house of the future, in my opinion, should become an interactive habitat, where the rooms themselves, walls, furniture, finishing materials, household appliances and appliances should be interactive. Together, this will create a type of housing of the future, which can be flexibly and finely tuned by the owner at his own discretion, based on his needs, tastes, standard of living, technical capabilities and the social program of living in the house. A house that lives in unison with the wishes of the owners and sensitively at the level of its sensors, gauges, engineering systems, various computer programs, transformable forms, changeable styling, speech commands, recognition - identification of its owner, memory of his tastes and preferences creates a comfortable living environment new level. Virtual reality and robotics will be actively integrated into the living environment of the house of the future, the living spaces of the house and its household appliances will be integrated into a single home network. Walls, floors and ceilings will change depending on the emotional mood of the inhabitants and the functional program of the premises, in fact, these will be large customizable tablets, and screens that will change their lighting, color gamut and saturation, imitate various finishes, reproduce any digital three-dimensional images, monitor position and location of the person at the moment. A resident of the house will be able to quickly change the emotional mood, the nature of the decoration and the situation at any time by restarting the selected room management program online.
engineering idea of my "Interactive House of the Future" is to organize a local home network, which achieves the setting of information communications between all elements of the interior, exterior of the house, its household appliances, engineering systems and the person (user) himself. Moreover, the exchange of information in such a local home network can occur at the request of the owner and with other similar systems of neighbors' houses combined into a single scalable network, as well as in interaction with the resources of the global Internet, uploading the necessary information to home servers. Over time, home programming technologies will become significantly more complex, grow, the variability of settings will increase significantly, the amount of information and data transfer speed will change exponentially. This will lead to the fact that the quality and comfort of the living environment will become a familiar constantly updated function based on unlimited resource intensity, and the inhabitants of the house - users will eventually receive any augmented reality they wish, and the response time to their information request will become instant!
1. Multimedia gaming center at home for the whole family.
The multifunctional space of a gaming residential building that I propose is at the same time a home cinema, a fitness gym, a game computer room, a place of leisure and entertainment, an intellectual and educational center and a home virtual theater for all family members. Of course, first of all, this is a multimedia game computer center, where instead of ordinary tables and chairs with game monitors, where players sit motionless for hours, it is supposed to organize a game in a virtual space with the impact of dynamic physical loads on the entire body of the players. Players can wear special game costumes, 3D reality helmets, use interactive toys and various attributes designed specifically for these games. A diverse database of computer games and powerful processors will allow you to select and customize any game, as well as set the rules for a collective or individual game.
In the visualization, father, mother and son are playing a collective "Disk War" from the movie "Tron", with the father and son coming together in a virtual battle, and the mother is watching the game from the back of the room and accrues points to each of the parties, acting as an arbiter.
In the gaming room, the walls are huge panoramic screens that reproduce a large-scale spectacle with the use of various special effects. The illuminated convertible floor tracks the movement of players in space like a huge touch pad. The ceiling with dynamic lighting redirects lighting, has sensors that include sound, smells and airflow. In general, this is a kind of gaming - training room, where the whole body and all the senses of the players are involved.
Nowadays, advanced children often do not have the opportunity to play with their parents, they hide, lock themselves in their rooms, skip school, run away from home to Internet clubs, etc. so that they are not scolded and not seen by their parents. According to my project, this architectural solution will allow avoiding the conflict of interests and hobbies of different generations, turning the game from a dividing factor into a unifying factor - a real healthy pleasure for all family members, as well as their guests!
2. Robotic kitchen.
The kitchen has traditionally been a special place in the house, where the most high-tech solutions and novelties appeared first of all, facilitating the hard monotonous work of housewives. In 1836, the industrial production of gas stoves began, in 1926 the first harmless refrigerator for the home appeared, in 2005 the first social robots Wakamaru by Mitsubishi went on sale.
In my project, the kitchen is also a high-tech space, where smart furniture is installed with various automatic settings from food storage temperature, humidity, ventilation mode, and to a wide variety of aesthetic properties of the outer surface. In the process of cooking in the kitchen, smart stoves, microwave ovens, stoves, etc. are used. creating any culinary whim from a recipe broadcast over the Internet. Cooking, for example, will be reduced to an annual subscription to a menu from an elite restaurant. Kitchen 3D printers with purchased cartridges of edible pastes and powders will be a common option in kitchen equipment. Housekeeping robots will handle any amount of monotonous work from washing dishes to slicing salads. The hostess will only have to give orders to the park of household robots and monitor the technological process in the role of a “system administrator”. I admit the option of renting robots and servicing several houses at once by a team of high-performance household robots that will bypass their customers with low incomes in shifts.
3. Bathroom with an augmented reality simulation sphere.
For the bathroom of my interactive house, I came up with and developed a special bathtub, which is a separate functional module-sphere with a diameter of 2.2-3 meters that can be built into any space of this kind.
The idea of the bath-sphere of the simulator is that the user does not just take a traditional bath and swims in it, but literally plunges into another reality with numerous special effects. Thanks to computer control, it can simulate, for example, the sea with the display of any characters from the depths of the sea on the internal spherical screen, simulating their full presence thanks to augmented reality, which is supported by the selected computer program for this session. During the session, the user adjusts the temperature of the water, its composition (with or without sea salt), the soundtrack (the sound of the surf or the screams of dolphins) and even the wind that starts to blow. Special virtual reality glasses help to reproduce a realistic three-dimensional picture of the expected illusions. It turns out that the bather will be able to dive into any marine environment that he wants. Dolphins, for example, according to the plot of my visualization, will frolic with him according to the chosen program. Water reduces the gravity of the human body and thanks to the massage, tactile and temperature interaction, a complete feeling will be achieved that the bather is in the open sea.
The futuristic design of the sphere itself is also the author's idea, which has no analogues. The body of the sphere is made of a new composite material - corian, which is not only durable, but also easily takes any design shape. The metal ladder symbolizes the transition to another world of aqua attraction and a sea of pleasures that the bather can experience while in such a miracle module. Taking a bath will create such a powerful relaxation and healing effect on the entire body and psyche of the user that the traditional shower will seem like child's play of the past. In this bathroom, according to my technological scenario, it will be important not only to wash the dirty body, but to relieve the psychological stress accumulated during the day and get new vitality. Additional functions of this bath module: massage, enriched mixtures, regeneration of cuts, bruises, spa treatments, etc.
4. Living room - a digital portal for communication.
The traditional living room has always been considered a place for receiving guests, holding significant events, active family holidays and communication with friends, guests and relatives. In my “Interactive House of the Future”, I set out to try to create a universal space out of it, more like a virtual digital portal. In it, thanks to the latest digital technologies, you can simulate communication with relatives present, relatives and guests who are far from home, and even with digital twins of your deceased relatives thanks to digital immortality technology, having met, for example, with a deceased great-grandfather who will make a toast to your health. During big family celebrations, it will be possible to order a holographic concert of a digitized Michael Jackson or any other pop stars who will appear in a full-scale image right in your living room during a party, dance and sing online under a paid Internet contract.
The living room on the visualization displays a space with projection walls-screens of a new generation, where you can simulate any of your emotional moods. After digitizing the personality of your loved one, you can project your virtual image-double onto the wall-screen and do whatever you want with it thanks to three-dimensional reality. The girl in the picture from the couch controls her digital avatar twin flying through storm clouds using virtual reality glasses and a remote control. And the faithful robot dog next to her guards the emotional mood of her mistress and synchronizes her programming capabilities, like a walking processor on four legs. The screens inserted into the stained-glass structures, after turning off, become transparent again and let the light into the living room. The transparency of windows and stained glass throughout the interactive home can also be controlled using a day-night lighting program, without the use of curtains or blinds.
5. Bedroom with a programmable sleep module.
The bedroom of the house is the most conservative in spirit space of a residential building that has not changed historically for centuries. The most comfortable and convenient was considered to be a sleeping place under a light-protective elegant canopy with mosquito nets in combination with various kinds of down pillows, a powerful thick mattress and silk blankets. It is time to break this medieval idyll in line with the technological evolution of smart home appliances and furniture.
The bedrooms of my smart home will be spaces where you can program your sleep and order (call) useful dreams according to your life cycle and rhythm, switching your tired subconscious. The outdated “grandfather's” beds will be replaced by the programmable capsule modules for sleep, which I offer, where you can choose any “avatars” to reboot and reset the negative emotions accumulated during the day. The sleep modules developed by me will have any customizable humidity and temperature conditions, an air conditioning system, oxygen enrichment, and excellent sound insulation for immersing yourself in a deep healthy sleep, not interrupted by any repairs and scandals of neighbors or sweltering summer heat! The sleep capsule can be easily synchronized with a mobile tablet, which will take on the role of a temporary watchman-assistant and will receive, collect, send calls and messages while you sleep. In the sleep module, it will be possible to adjust any local lighting, listen to relaxing music, adjust the firmness of the mattress according to the user's weight, and the capsule lid will be able to change its translucency. I proclaim a new promising direction in futuristic design - complete technological and aesthetic "hybridization" of furniture and household appliances!
Of course, such sleep modules will not be cheap, but their great aesthetic variety, the choice of software settings, one or two local functional sizes will help consumers optimize their costs. Salons selling automatic sleep modules will become as commonplace as modern car dealerships.
6. Home office with virtual opportunities.
In today's information society, the trend of "remote work" is gaining momentum. The idea of "remote work" appeared in 1972 in the United States, in 1979 the already stable term "Flexible workplace" appeared, which does not imply the constant presence of employees in the office. At the moment, the IT industry in Russia, for example, employs 24% of remote employees. The number of freelancers in various industries who want to work from home is also steadily growing.
A virtual office at home will allow you to fully work as a remote employee, without making commuting trips around the city, saving gasoline, avoiding traffic jams and being able to flexibly organize your creative process. Working with colleagues, customers and manufacturers in virtual reality mode, tele-video conferences, managing office cyborgs and robots located in production far from home will become available and everyday. Small home robots-consultants will help your mini-office with great capabilities to cope with a huge number of orders, search and process the necessary information. Information directly from the working monitor of the user's computer in ideal quality will be broadcast to the media walls-screens of his office or to a remote studio of the enterprise, where customers can view in detail the fruits of joint creative work in a three-dimensional image and negotiate in teleconference mode. Virtual reality will help remote participants in the production process to meet in the digital space and view designs for future products right in full size, without leaving home.
Conclusion. In my opinion, it is high technologies that will offer architects and designers new opportunities and breakthrough ideas for creativity. The appearance of our future dwellings will depend on how correctly we can use them, aesthetically beautiful, functionally interesting and rationally justified in our projects. In the sixties of the 20th century, many interesting futurological ideas appeared, which today are waiting, will not wait for the X hour. The time has come for their new reading, study, comprehension and powerful development at a new scientific and technological level and a new historical stage of the 21st century. I am sure that today we are only in the first phase of the information technology revolution, in 50-100 years the appearance of our homes will change beyond recognition. In order for the design process to take place painlessly and as efficiently as possible, it is necessary today to try to build such complex experimental predictive models of dwellings that will help to feel the huge potential and the full depth of the coming changes in our lives.
As soon as you cross the threshold, you feel warm. The smart home has long learned that on Tuesdays you return at seven, and added the temperature in the batteries to your arrival. Heating, lighting and other communications, as well as all appliances in the house can be controlled from a smartphone.
But why take out your phone when you can just say, "Close the door and turn off the lights." A smart home knows the voices of all family members and recognizes intonations: you turned to it, and now you are discussing with your wife what wine to open for dinner. By the way, where does it smell so good?
Kitchen
From the point of view of our grandmothers, the appearance of a microwave and a slow cooker in the kitchen is already a technological miracle. But technology has a truly brutal appetite - a completely different kitchen landscape awaits us.
It is unlikely that every housewife will soon have a robotic assistant like Moley or Care-O-bot, but the approach to cooking and food storage will definitely change.
Robot chef Moley is ready to bring any recipe from the Internet to life
In 2015, a design for a kitchen table was presented that would recognize foods, report their calorie content, and suggest recipes based on them. Under the smooth tabletop there are special induction coils, here you can also cook the desired dish.
The implementation of such a project is not far off. And now there are smart ovens with a delayed start function and video cameras on the market. You can watch from your phone screen how the chicken is being fried for dinner while you are driving home.
Refrigerators are getting smaller and smarter. A two-meter box has no place in a small kitchen (alas, due to overpopulation, apartments in megacities will become smaller).
Back in 2010, at the international industrial design competition, Matthew Gilbride presented the concept of a modular kitchen, where the shelves act as a refrigerator, stove and air conditioner at the same time.
The refrigerator will keep track of your food. Electronic tags will tell him which products have deteriorated and which are about to run out. Every two or three days you will receive an up-to-date shopping list on your smartphone.
However, modern man has no time to go shopping. In a few years, online shopping will become so commonplace that replenishing food supplies and buying household chemicals will be possible at the touch of a button.
Bathroom
Renowned futurist Ian Pearson believes that in 10-20 years the bathroom will have more sensors and sensors than some laboratories currently have.
Standing on the rug in front of the dressing table, a person will be able to find out their weight, body temperature, heart rate and other parameters. After all, smart scales are already being sold, which, coupled with mobile applications, help to control the physiological parameters of the body.
A smart mirror will not only tell about the state of health, but also give recommendations on self-care. How to disguise a pimple? What is the best makeup to do today? A prototype of such a mirror was presented at CES-2015.
More and more attention will be paid to the environment. Now there are devices that help control the consumption of water and energy in the bathroom. In the future, these processes will be automated. You can stand in the shower and listen to the radio and wash your hair, and the system will supply exactly the amount of water you need to wash yourself, and at exactly the temperature that you are comfortable with. In this case, water will not leave through the sewer pipes. Humanity faces an important task - to learn how to purify and reuse water.
Some toilets, especially Japanese ones, already look like spaceships. In the home of the future, the toilet will become more than just a place for privacy, where you can safely play games on your phone. This will be your personal “clinic branch”. The toilet bowl will warn of danger if it finds something superfluous in the analyzes.
living rooms
Forget about bulky armchairs and massive cabinets. All furniture in the apartments will be light, compact and multifunctional. With one movement, the transforming table turns from a coffee table into a dining room, and the bed becomes a sofa.
When you're comfortable in your living room with dinner and a glass of wine, the smart home's artificial intelligence will select the right lighting and turn on the movie.
It will also take care of the quality of your sleep when you go to the bedroom. Turn on the air conditioner to ventilate the room, tightly curtain the windows so that the body begins to produce melatonin, the sleep hormone.
An important point is lighting. Artificial light sources will be subject to human circadian rhythms. But priority will be given to natural light.
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MUNICIPAL AUTONOMOUS GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SEVERAGE EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL No. 3" Creative project on the technology "House of the Future" Completed by: Khachatryan S.M. student of grade 8 B Head: Zyateva L.V. Novy Urengoy, 2016
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ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTIFICATION PROBLEM NEED HISTORY AND MODERNITY DESIGN MODEL MATERIAL TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABOR SAFETY ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION House of the future Cluster scheme
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Aims and objectives of the project Aim of the project: creation of the model "House of the Future". Project objectives: The product must meet the following requirements: The product must be made accurately. The product must match the chosen style. The product must be beautiful. The product must be durable.
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INSTRUCTIONS for safety precautions for manual processing of wood Before starting work, put on the overalls correctly (an apron with sleeves or a dressing gown and a headdress: a beret or a scarf. At the same time, hair should be carefully selected and the ends of the scarf should be tucked in). Check the availability of inventory (seat, basting brush, scoop), serviceability of the workbench (clamping boxes, sawing stop, clamping wedges, drawing devices). Lay out the tools for individual use on the workbench in the strict order established by the teacher. There should be nothing superfluous on the workbench. During work Securely fasten the material to be processed (wood) in the clamps of the workbench. Use the tool only for its intended purpose, serviceable, well-adjusted and sharpened. The ends of the blades of bow saws must be firmly fixed in the shovkas. The canvases are torn apart. The cord must provide the necessary tension of the web. Planing tools must have a horn or a sign in zenzubels, kalevkas, geltels. The back of the shoe should be rounded and smooth. Split plow parts are immediately replaced. Tool handles should be comfortable to work with. Technological operations (sawing, trimming, chiselling, drilling, joining parts) are performed on a workbench in designated places, using fixtures, stops and backing boards. Do not allow the workbench to be cluttered with waste, shavings. Return the shared tool to the teacher in a timely manner. Do not be distracted during work, follow the correct working methods. The preparation and heating of the glue is carried out under constant supervision in a well-ventilated room isolated from the workshop. The use of open fire, as well as electric heaters in a woodworking workshop is strictly prohibited. In order to avoid injury, it is necessary: to monitor the tension of the bow saw blade; use a guide to support the tool blade when sawing; to clean the plows (planer, sherhebel, jointer) with wooden wedges; in case of damage to the tool during operation, immediately replace it.
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After finishing work Hand over the rest of the materials, unfinished products to the duty officer or teacher. Check the condition of the instruments and put them in the order specified by the teacher. Clean up your workspace with a sweep. It is forbidden to blow off chips with your mouth or sweep with your hand. On the workbench, check the presence and condition of the wedges, and screw the clamping boxes (rear, front) to the specified gap (no more than 2-5 mm). Get yourself in order. Leave the workshop with the permission of the teacher.
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Product requirements Product name House of the future Functional purpose House, dwelling User Family members One-off or mass production One-off Material requirements Hardwood Manufacturing method Manual wood processing, wood turning Product assembly Appearance, style Classic house, future house Requirements in terms of safety of use Complies with environmental requirements Does not harm the environment.
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Technological map Having studied the theoretical material, the history of the emergence and development of the issue, it was decided to make a product using the woodworking technique, with which it would be possible to make a stool from wood. The history of houses goes back to ancient times. Even ancient people realized the usefulness and necessity of a house in which one could live and relax. The house of primitive man was a cave of stones with jagged edges. Subsequently, people began to improve the houses, adding some details to it. Gradually, he began to take, albeit remotely, a modern look. In later times, houses made of expensive materials became very luxurious. Now every person has a house that is made modern. Their designs at different times were different and corresponded to different ideas of people about beauty and convenience. These were houses made of various types of wood, bricks, ranging from cheap pine to extremely expensive mahogany and expensive stone (brick). In the manufacture of this product, it is best to use hardwood. Hardwoods include: birch, beech, oak, elm, mountain ash, maple, walnut, apple, pear, ash, white acacia. From the above list of wood species for the manufacture of the product, we could use: birch, oak, pear and acacia. We do not use pear and acacia because there were no blanks of the required sizes in stock. And the preference for oak over birch was given because of the more beautiful texture and color of the wood. Natural wood products are environmentally friendly. They do not harm the environment and are fully recyclable. A small environmental problem can be created by the use of furniture varnish. But the use of laminated chipboard nullifies all attempts not to violate the ecological situation.
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“Smart” is the buzzword in the tech industry right now. So many technological innovations get the prefix "smart": mobile phones, televisions, and now homes. Not by chance " smart home» this year has become the motto of the largest International exhibition of consumer electronics IFA.
When talking about a smart home, we are talking about how to network all the components of the home as much as possible and exercise centralized control and management of them. It all starts with the production of its own electricity, its accumulation and consumption as needed in the house, and the excess energy is fed into the general power grid.
A smart home, energy-efficient technologies are an upward global trend, but Germany has gone the furthest in this matter, where innovative approaches are subsidized and supported by the state. Therefore, it is the German developments that we will cite as an example.
The main idea is smart control. Refrigerator, oven, washing machine in the future must be connected to the Internet, configured and controlled from a distance. This saves time, money and energy. Of course, this also opens up new risks, because every device connected to the Internet can theoretically be subjected to a hacker attack.
The same applies to electric vehicles: they are offered as an environmentally friendly alternative to the current gas-guzzling CO2 generators. But while electric cars suffer from technical problems: although car engines have enough power to withstand competition in acceleration and speed, the batteries run out of steam too quickly. Even the most expensive models have a travel range on a single charge of approximately 500 km. And then, the battery cannot be refueled in a few minutes, like a gas tank. However, it would be very reasonable to include the car in the smart home system.
1. Photovoltaics
One of the foundations of a smart home in Europe is the idea that the owner produces electricity himself. This idea is implemented in a variety of ways, but the most practical for most homeowners may be a rooftop photovoltaic installation called a “solar array”. It may not look very nice, but in this case, functionality should prevail over aesthetics.
So far, the installation of such a system cannot be called budgetary. Installation for an average single-family home will cost between €8,000 and €12,000. In addition, about €400 per year will have to be spent on cleaning, maintenance and insurance.
A photovoltaic power plant must reach a peak power of approximately 5 to 8 kW. This is the maximum output under standardized conditions. Depending on the location, this is quite enough to generate up to 9,000 kWh of electricity per year, which is more than enough for a household of four people.
If residents consume only half of this amount, then they already save at least €1,000 per year. That is, the installation pays for itself in a few years if more electricity is consumed in your house and you do not forward it to the power grid.
2. Energy storage
Since the photovoltaic power plant operates only during the day, but at the same time produces energy continuously, you will need a battery. There will be two of them in a smart home. One of them is a car battery (see point 6), and the second is a battery in the basement. In this way, you can use the generated electricity also later - for example, at night when the sun is not shining. A 5 kW drive should be enough. Disadvantage: It is the size of a refrigerator and weighs approximately 220 kg. That is, you can’t call him lightweight.
In addition, an energy storage device with an acquisition cost of approximately €10,000 is not budgetary at all. There are also risks: the batteries consist of lead-gel batteries, the electrolyte in which is concentrated sulfuric acid - these are the same components as, for example, in car batteries. For this reason alone, they should be in the basement, because they are sensitive to temperature. But their service life is about ten years. The electricity that the batteries cannot hold is sent to the grid, which will bring you additional income.
3. Smart meter
Smart systems are especially when they reduce the amount of work. For example, a smart meter in the first place will save your electricity supplier from having to send their employees to check electricity meters. It measures the consumption in the house and transmits the data to the electricity supplier via the Internet.
The smart meter can also recognize if you are consuming electricity during peak hours or during load declines when there is an excess of energy in the public grid. Flexible tariffs encourage conscientious consumption of electricity during off-peak hours. If you do laundry at night, for example, it may cost you less than doing laundry in the early evening.
Smart meters play a leading role here: they transmit load data from the power grid to the smart home control center, which then determines which consumer of electricity should be turned on and which should be turned off. For example, you can prudently start a refrigerator or freezer before the next peak load on the network is ripe, and the flexible price of electricity will increase again.
This gives huge advantages to energy concerns. They can more effectively distribute the load in the power grid and plan repairs more accurately if they know when, where and how much energy is consumed.
“This is the uncle with the beard. This is a chimney house. Well, what is it? Incomprehensible, wonderful…” Today uncles with a beard are rebuilding a house with a chimney. And they call their creations not “byakoy - hard biting”, but - the houses of the future.
This is the first commandment of futurist architects. The second is functionality. One of the lovers of these principles is Luigi Colani, a well-known designer of cars and trucks. Only having become adept at stuffing the unpushed into cars, Kolani built his house.
“I don't think small houses are better. Here are small and stuffed with technology - another matter, ”says the designer. In his house with the characteristic name "Rotor" not a single millimeter escaped the general functionality.
The size of the "Rotor" is slightly larger than the garage, its area is only 36 square meters. m. The designer decided to save on corridors and other little-used housing elements. And he squeezed all the necessary furniture into a rotating cylinder in the middle of a single room. A bedroom, a kitchen, and a bathroom fit here (Khrushchev owners - think about it)! All elements of the decor of Kolani's house repeat the softness of the forms of his cars.
However, the smoothness of the lines is generally a trend both in architecture and in the interior design of houses of the future. And the "Rotor" can be expanded by attaching another of the same "house" to it. No wonder another principle of the architecture of tomorrow is mobility.
Ideas for simplifying houses are not taken from the ceiling. The world's population is growing at an alarming rate, and natural resources are being depleted at the same rate. And then there is this fashionable theme of environmental friendliness!
Big houses are vulgar. Demonstrating one's viability in this way is a bad form, says British architect Richard Hordan.
Airplanes inspired Richard to use space efficiently. His house is a tiny cube with a side of three meters. But in its compactness and efficiency, it is similar to a Swiss Army knife. All furniture and appliances are built-in. To test how popular these cubes would be, the enterprising architect placed them on the territory of the Munich University of Technology and began to rent them out to students.
The last ones liked the houses: the students are simple people.
economy
Today, "houses of the future" are being built using computer-controlled tools. This reduces the risk of error. It happens like this. First, a module is made (something like the “Rotor” Colani room). And already a large "apartment" house is being built from ready-made modules. This cuts the build time in half. In addition, the entire structure is often made from recycled materials - durable and inexpensive.
Architect Steve Kieren, for example, believes cellophane is the future. So he built himself a house out of plastic bottles. Recycled, of course. His apartment is a few blocks of transparent plastic. You can independently choose the configuration of such a house, rebuild and adjust the modules.
Such a house does not need power lines - it is powered by the Sun. At the same time, at night the house shines like a Santa Claus hut at Christmas: LEDs that accumulate solar energy are placed everywhere here.
The task of the houses of the future is to save electricity, so they themselves will be able to decide when to heat a particular room, and when, by opening the windows, to naturally ventilate. For example, on the roof of designer Michelle Kaufmann's house, there are new galvanic batteries that store solar energy.
When they are equipped with special sensors, they will be able to calculate the required amount of electricity for a particular house themselves. They will decide what is more profitable at the moment - to buy energy, or to develop it on their own. And if there is an excess of electricity, the house itself will sell it to the side.
"House on the Volga" - such a romantic name was given by Russian designers Petr A Kostelov, Alexei Lyalin, Andrey Tolstoy and Vladimir Kostelov to a large warehouse with boxes. However, this is, of course, only a deceptive appearance. The inner world of the "House on the Volga" is much richer: it is decorated with various types of wood, cork, furnished with greenery. Modest and tasteful.
The house is located 140 km from Moscow and is a talented variation of the principle of Soviet dacha construction - "from what was." Almost all popular finishing methods are used here: traditional (board, overlapping board), modern (lining, imitation of timber, blockhouse), exotic (finishing with round cuttings from shovels and bars of different sections). Needless to say, a very Russian embodiment of the principles of economy and environmental friendliness.
mobile hotel
The concept called Drop Eco Otel was conceived by the creative group In-Tenda, and brought to life by the Urban Square studio in the project of a mobile eco-hotel. It is a one-room capsule that can be "landed" in any corner of the Earth, even the wildest. For example, on a rocky coast or in wooded mountains.
The main materials used in the creation of the hotel are wood and spherical glass, which can be opened from two sides, while getting the effect of being in a large hollow log. Also, during installation, the hotel is slightly raised above the ground in order to have the least impact on the environment. Needless to say, the dream of "Greenpeace"!
Electronic housekeepers
This is the real principle of the future. Futurologists promise that soon robots will appear in every home, taking over housekeeping. At least for "them" - for the happy citizens of post-industrial developed countries.
So, the houses of the future will be practically alive - they will have eyes, ears and even a brain.
Brian Conti, a programmer from Seattle, has already created such a house. The housekeeper in it is an electronic module with the royal name Cleopatra. She is responsible for comfort and safety. She is practically a member of the family: "Cleopatra" has her own face and voice. You can communicate with her through the monitor screen. This is the first generation of computers that will control the homes of the future.
To see the housekeeper's work in action, all you have to do is give her some command out loud: light the fireplace, name today's date, or turn on the music in the living room. You can control Cleopatra using a special bracelet with an electronic microchip, which every family member has. But "Cleo" looks after the house not only with the help of radio signals. Its system has built-in motion detectors, lights and caller ID. For example, when the family goes to bed, the electronic housekeeper will set the alarm and turn off the lights. Brian Conti's goal is to teach her complete independence, so that she herself decides what to do, anticipating the desires of people. One thing is not clear - how soon will "Cleopatra" seize power over the Conti family?
Microsoft programmers also did not lose face. And although their electronic housekeeper doesn't have such a noble name - her name is simply Grace - it is not a single computer, but a whole network of devices placed throughout the house. "Grace" is not visible, but she is always there. The Microsoft guys' program can project images onto the walls of any room.
And in the future, all the walls, as they promise, will be made of LEDs, like in New York's Times Square. And "Grace" will be able to project anything on the walls: from standard wallpaper to movies from the Internet. You can also choose a special mode for guests. For example, in the "Grandma" mode, the system will project her favorite photos with her grandchildren, paintings or an old clock onto the walls, table and ceiling.
Grace can also cook dinner. Rather, help the hostess in this difficult task by offering several recipes from the database. They will appear right on the table. “Knead the dough,” Grace commands. The developers of the program hope that this will make your life easier. Well, if you are not a very experienced housewife.
wonder trees
In the spring of this year, a garden of huge steel structures appeared in Singapore. Each of these "giant trees" is a separate bioclimatic station that generates solar energy, supplies air currents and accumulates rainwater. On each grow the most real flowers.
The project was commissioned by the National Parks Council of Singapore by the British architectural firm Grant Associates. The urban oasis occupies an area of about 1 sq. km, in the bay in the south of the island, where there is a unique living museum of world flora and fauna.
The mechanical forest consists of 18 super-trees from 25 to 50 m high. In addition to accumulating solar energy and water, their branched "crowns" also play the role of temperature regulators that absorb and dissipate hot air. The 11 trees are equipped with solar photovoltaic systems that generate electricity to provide light and water to two orchid-shaped mega-greenhouses. Here is a grandiose collection of plants - 220 thousand copies brought from all over the world.
Each green pavilion could hold four football fields, and their horticultural waste "feeds" a massive steam turbine that helps maintain the necessary microclimate inside the greenhouses. Among other things, the tallest trees are connected by bridges, allowing passers-by to walk at a bird's eye view.
The Supertrees project is part of a program to modernize the new urban center. Its goal is to clearly illustrate the viability of autonomous artificial biosystems designed to withstand both climatic changes in nature and the destructive effects of humans on it.
Take, for example, the mirror in the bathroom. The news of the day, your favorite series or just good music can be broadcast directly on it. The shopping list can be made right on the refrigerator door. The data will be immediately transferred to the online store, and the purchases will be delivered right to your door. Thanks to special labels with chips, the refrigerator itself will be able to check whether the products have expired. And if necessary, he will send the order to the store.
Instead of a bed, you will be offered to sleep in ... a cocoon. It is something like a large closed bed and is indispensable if children are allergic to dust or animal hair. The cocoon was also made to save on electricity: what's the point of warming up the entire bedroom if you can only maintain the right temperature in the place where a person sleeps?.. But the cocoon is also directly connected to the Internet. Goodbye laptop on the pillow!
A certain music lover client suggested that architect Robert Harvey Oschats build a forest house for him in Portland, and not downtime, but a musical one. He wanted the building to become the architectural embodiment of music. In 2004, Oschatz presented the snail house, a model of sustainability and softness of forms.
Is there really no place left on Earth someday? Who knows. But Patrick Lai of the American company US Submarines is already offering us to live ... in the depths of the sea. Not very deep - from 6 to 18 m, somewhere in the area of \u200b\u200bcoral reefs with their myriads of fish - and away from strong storms. The project is called "H2-house", and US Submarines, which specializes in the production of private submarines, is not going to be limited to one copy. She wants to build entire villages underwater.
If you don't like the sea, welcome to the sky. Renowned architect David Fisher designed the world's first revolving skyscraper, the Dynamic Tower, for Dubai.
This giant will change shape every second. According to the architect, this design reflects modern life in the best possible way: each apartment will be able to turn 360 degrees and rotate separately from the others. The speed is controlled by the owner. To get inside, residents will be able to use the elevator, which runs exactly in the center of the building, and then carefully exit on their rotating floor.
But if you want to live there, prepare 30 million dollars: this is the approximate price of one apartment. But no electricity bills - wind turbines will be installed between the floors. There are 79 of them on 80 floors - not a house, but a whole power plant! According to the developers, excess electricity can even be sold to neighbors. By the way, almost the same skyscraper, according to Fisher, was going to be built in Moscow. So far, however, the miracle house has not yet been built, and when this will happen is unknown.
And what about in Russia?
- There are several futuristic tendencies. These are bionics, environmental friendliness, rapprochement with nature, constructivism and functionality. Of course, the West is much more progressive in this regard. Of course, everything is more complicated here, - says interior designer, decorator Ksenia Yasvina.
For example, bionics. That is, by definition, these are natural forms. Often this principle is applied in furniture, repeating the lines of trees, leaves, flowers, this is the absence of sharp corners in the interior. A very prominent representative of bionics in architecture was Antonio Gaudi. Of the modern ones, the designer, architect and great original Javier Senosian, well-known in Mexico, with his Nautilus house. For his love of natural forms and images, he is called a "bio-organic" architect. Or the villa of Alexandre de Betac. Or the famous house of Wilkinson Robert Oshatsu.
More “advanced” in terms of the adoption of such fashionable bionic interiors is the generation of fairly young people (up to about 45 years old), whose tastes were formed after perestroika, who saw things of a completely different aesthetic quality than those that were made in the USSR. Nevertheless, in our country, unfortunately, a fairly large percentage of people still love pompous classics.
The concept of the Mexican designer, architect Javier Senosian - the Nautilus house
As for environmental friendliness, this is a difficult question. The idea of waste recycling takes root in our country with great difficulty, and the youth is progressive in this matter, again, rather. Despite this, some domestic designers still use this principle. For example, furniture is made from recycled raw materials, such as plastic. They produce faucets that save water consumption as much as possible, household appliances that save electricity. Young designers come up with chairs that turn into a hanger or a table.
Moreover, such things combine both functionality and excellent design - concise, strict, modern. In general, laconic interiors are becoming more and more popular. But constructivism in its purest form, as a permanent habitat and recreation, not everyone can withstand. So in our country, too, not everything is as bad as it might seem at first glance. But as for the houses made of transparent walls, then I can't help but smile.
Of course, aesthetically, I really like it, but we must not forget that we live in Russia, and our climate is not very warm, and the time period when the room needs to be heated is very long. Meanwhile, such transparent rooms require very good heating. It is difficult to live in Russia on solar batteries alone. But again, despite this, we have more and more houses with panoramic windows. It's just that usually one or two walls are made panoramic.
In general, the unity of the landscape with architecture and interior is a powerful trend today, both here and in the West. Abroad, houses appear that continue the natural landscape (hill houses, tree houses, etc.), and we, in turn, have more and more projects with green facades, when the facades of the building are completely covered with plants. Of course, not everyone in our country can afford this. And yet this trend is gaining momentum and gradually becoming more accessible.
And the “smart home”, which has long been not uncommon for our country, is nothing but the forerunner of new technologies in home maintenance – computerization and robotization. Fresh heads are also emerging in industrial design.
So we are not far behind the West. So far, all these trends are reflected in private construction or in the construction of business-class houses, but little by little they reach mass development. For example, the issue of robotization of the construction process itself is being actively discussed among engineers. I think that in ten years new technologies will come to the homes of ordinary citizens.