How to make ventilation in the basement of a country house? How to make ventilation in the basement Diameter of the pipe for the hood in the basement

Ventilation is a very important element in the arrangement of virtually any building. Without it, mold, fungus, increased dampness will gradually start in the premises. All this makes housing less suitable for life: its strength deteriorates, durability decreases, the microclimate becomes harmful to the human body and can even cause poor health and illness.

Basement ventilation outlet

Basement ventilation is a very important part of building a good home, both to dry out the room and improve the atmosphere in it. But many builders simply do not pay attention to this issue, which creates problems for residents in the future.

In fact, every person who has realized the importance of arranging basement ventilation can do it on their own.

To do this, you need to understand a little about the issue of its proper arrangement and have very few skills in construction.

There are several common types of ventilation, each of which has both advantages and some disadvantages. Before starting work, you need to understand these issues well, understand what is more suitable for your specific conditions, and only then proceed to implement the conceived idea.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system

Ventilation in the basement of a private house, despite all its importance, is an extremely simple design, the principle of operation of which is accessible to everyone. The essence of the issue is to create a constant flow of fresh air in the basement, which will constantly circulate around the room, removing stagnant smells, dampness from it, and bringing freshness there. The main problem in achieving the optimal level of basement ventilation is the selection of pipes of the required diameter and length. A lot depends on the values of these parameters.

If the height of the pipes is too high, as well as their diameter, this will lead to the fact that the room will be excessively cold and there will be a large draft. If you do the opposite - too small pipes that reach the very floor, then this threatens that there will be stagnation and dampness in the basement. That is why you should choose the most optimal options.

Being interested in the question of how to properly make a hood, you also need to know that it can be mounted in two ways: in the walls of a building or displayed through the ceiling. The first case is realized even at the stage of building a house and it will be difficult to make it when the building is ready. Therefore, for a person who wants to make a hood in the basement of an already built dwelling, the second option will be the most suitable.

Basement natural ventilation

The ventilation in the basement can be natural or artificial, in different cases the air to be dried is attracted in a slightly different way. In the case of a natural option, fresh air comes from the street on its own, without any additional devices and mechanisms. The choice of a particular system depends on the size of the room itself, which needs fresh air. If it occupies more than 50 square meters, then experts advise using artificial. The ventilation of the basement of a private house, which occupies a small area, in turn, may well be natural. Here, the movement of air masses occurs under the influence of the very forces of nature and it is quite enough to maintain a pleasant microclimate.

Natural air exchange in the basement

Before starting work, it is very important to develop a detailed ventilation plan for future actions, to calculate all the necessary parameters. The hole through which the exhaust pipe will pass must be made under the ceiling. The pipe that will be used here should be raised slightly above the top of the roof of the house by about 50 centimeters. As for the other pipe, into which fresh air will flow, its edge should be raised above the basement floor by about 40-50 centimeters, and the other end should be raised by the same 50 centimeters above ground level. If we talk about the diameter of the pipes used, then the larger it is, the better and better it will turn out in the end. But the diameter should not be too large either, such ventilation of the basement in a private house will lead to excessive cold and other negative phenomena.

The list of tools and materials for this work is quite small:

Pipes, which can be plastic or metal;
Deflectors;
Clamps for fixing and adjusting pipes.

It is best to think about ventilation even at the stage of building a house, when the basement compartment is just being laid, then it will not be difficult at all - you need to choose a place for the pipes to pass, make holes there and install the structure itself. The same can be said about the cellar - in it all actions are performed in the same way.

If we talk about an already constructed building in which the hood was not originally provided, then it will be a little more difficult to do. The simplest option in this case is the following: in a couple of places where it is planned to install exhaust pipes, you need to dig up the ground to the foundation. You need to make holes in it, where the hood will be connected.

Ventilation installation example

Pipes must be attached to the walls of the building using suitable clamps and dowels.

In order for the pipes to serve as long as possible and the ventilation turned out to be of high quality, they must be protected from condensation and rust. To do this, it is necessary to install a special mesh and a deflector on the supply pipe, which protect it from the formation of condensate.

artificial ventilation

This option also has many ways to implement. Where the natural flow of fresh air is not enough due to its weakness and the large area of \u200b\u200bthe room, other methods are used to create its influx. A good way to ventilate the basement of a private house is to use special small fans. Consuming a little energy, they drive the air flow, help to ventilate and drain the basement.

To choose the diameter of the fan hole, you can proceed from the following practical calculation: 1 centimeter of the hole diameter per 10 square meters of basement area.

For example, if the basement of your house is made on 100 sq. m, then you need to make a hole and, accordingly, use a fan, 10 centimeters in diameter.

Often in large houses, more than one fan is used in more than one place. As a rule, this is a complex integral system, which is common to the entire dwelling and many of its parts: rooms, kitchens, toilets. If you are interested in the question of how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house, including all these options, then it is advisable to consult with professionals. If your goal is a simple draining of the basement, then you can cope with this on your own.

As for the technology for the installation of forced ventilation, it is extremely similar to the case with natural ventilation, but has some nuances and differences.

Forced Ventilation Example

The first thing you need to know is that the height of the hood should be done at a height of about 50 centimeters above ground level. For each pipe: both the one that enters the air from the street and the one that releases the contents of the basement, you need to install a fan. Make sure that they drive the air flows in the right direction, and not, for example, both outward, or both inward.

Conclusion

These are quite understandable and simple actions that will help you to independently equip the hood for the basement. There is absolutely nothing complicated about this. Summarizing, we can say that the essence of the issue is to create holes for pipes, which can be both under the wall and in the roof of the building, as well as installing pipes of the required length and diameter there.

Remember that the question of how to properly ventilate the basement may sound a little different for people living in different terrain and weather conditions. After all, where the climate is too cold, it is advisable to avoid excessively active ventilation.
Do everything only when you plan all the actions in advance, stock up on the necessary tools and material. Remember that it is better to do things more slowly, but with high quality and for a long time, and not to rebuild everything over and over again.

High-quality ventilation of the basement of a private house makes it possible to use this part of the residential building as an excellent utility room. Extra square meters will not interfere with any zealous owner!

Basement ventilation in a private house removes excess moisture and provides constant air circulation. Thanks to this, mold and fungus never appear on the basement floor. So, it can be used to store canned food, vegetables and other supplies throughout the winter. Also, a well-ventilated basement is suitable for arranging a small gym, home workshop or sauna.

Arrangement of the ventilation system in the basement

The constant exchange of air between the premises of the basement floor and the street guarantees the safety of the ceilings and the foundation of the residential building. These elements of the house are exposed to high humidity in the first place. And the easiest way to protect them is to organize effective ventilation. The latter, in addition, eliminates the danger of accumulation of carbon dioxide in the basements, in which the equipment for heating the house is installed. As you can see, ventilation in the subfield must be present without fail. It is of great importance for the trouble-free and long-term operation of the entire residential building.

In the basement of a private house, it can be built by a more or less experienced do-it-yourself home craftsman. Here it is only important to correctly determine the type of system suitable for a particular case and deal with the features of its arrangement. Basement ventilation is:

natural. In this case, the system includes a minimum of elements - supply and exhaust pipes.
Forced. Such a system usually consists of several exhaust air ducts connected to one network, an air supply unit and a special fan that extracts air from the underground.

With a minimum of time and money, ventilation in the basement of a private house is equipped at the stage of construction of a residential building. Such a system involves the organization of holes of certain sizes in the base. They are called spirits. You need to correctly calculate the area of such holes, taking into account the following factors:

the proximity of the location of groundwater under the house to the surface and directly the type of soil;
laying depth;
temperature fluctuations during the year and day;
precipitation in winter and summer periods.

A simple option - creating products

In practice, the area of \u200b\u200bthe vents is taken as 1/400 in relation to the total quadrature of the basement level. In this case, the area of the holes themselves must be at least 0.5 square meters. m., and a diameter of 12.5 cm and above. The efficiency of such ventilation will depend on the weather conditions on the street, air temperature, direction and strength of the wind. In an ordinary house with a standard square (70–80 sq. M.) And a simple layout, experts advise making two ventilation holes on each side of the building. If your private dwelling is being built in the lowlands or is characterized by a complex configuration, ventilation must be built more powerfully. In this case, it is recommended to break through two vents for every 4 meters of the foundation.

From the inside, the holes for air circulation should be covered with special nets. They will protect the basement from the penetration of insects and rodents into it.

It is ideal if you additionally equip the vents with metal shutters. In summer they must be kept fully open, and in winter they must be covered. With this approach, you will get controlled natural ventilation, the operation of which you will control at your discretion. If you plan to use the cellar for storing fruits, vegetables and similar products during the winter, a system with products will not suit you. Ventilation openings will also not be able to provide proper air circulation in houses with a large area. Air in such buildings will be ineffective. In such situations, it is better to make a two-pipe ventilation system. More about her.

A two-pipe system for constant air circulation is suitable for any residential buildings (for large areas and small ones, with complex and simple layouts). Such ventilation in the subfield of a modern private house is done by installing two air ducts. Through one channel, air is extracted from the basement, through the second - supply. The indicated ventilation ducts are always located on opposite sides of the basement floor, subject to the following rules:

The exhaust pipe is mounted so that its upper end extends 0.5–0.6 m beyond the roof ridge, and the lower end rises about 1.5 m above the subfloor base.
The upper end of the supply channel should rise above the ground level under the house by 1 m, and the lower end should be set 0.5 m from the floor.

Supply and exhaust ventilation

These requirements must be observed without fail. Then the ventilation of the cellar in your private house will be of really high quality. It is desirable, in addition, to control the intensity of air circulation. For these purposes, you can use the previously described dampers. Some home craftsmen make ventilation ducts from wooden boards. It is cheap, but requires some carpentry skills. It is important to ensure that the inside of the channels are very smooth. The boards must be very carefully processed with a planer and ensure that there are no microscopic cracks in the wood. The key advantage of wooden air ducts is that condensation does not form on their walls.

If carpentry is not to your liking, you can do much easier. Just buy ordinary ones with a cross section of about 12–15 mm and mount them as ventilation ducts. Such an event will require much less effort from you. And be sure to cover the ends of the pipes (upper) with neat visors. They will reliably protect the channels from rain, and will also participate to a certain extent in setting the air flow rate into the system. Good to know! The air flow entering the basement level will be the stronger, the shorter the supply ventilation duct is compared to the length of the exhaust duct. Consider this fact if you want to independently regulate the intensity of fresh air supply to the cellar.

In cases where natural ventilation does not cope with the task assigned to it, you will have to invest in a better project. If you want to use your basement for a private workshop, a game or sports room, a billiard room, a sauna, you need a more powerful ventilation system. It is built using the following elements:

special air intakes and air outlets;
injection equipment;
ventilation ducts;
compartments for mixing air flows;
diffusers.

The forced system works by mechanically drawing in fresh air, filtering it, heating (cooling) to the optimum temperature and supplying it to the cellar. Simultaneously with the described processes, the exhaust air is removed from the underground to the street. The forced ventilation device in the basement of a private house is a rather complicated and expensive operation. But on the other hand, the air circulation system you made will always function in a given mode and will in no way depend on the weather.

Arrangement of forced ventilation system

With the least financial cost, you can do the following. Install a fan in the exhaust ventilation duct (on its internal clearance). When you start this device, it will discharge the air in the cellar. Mount a second fan on the supply duct. It will balance the amount of incoming and outgoing air. Both fans should be connected to the same switch. Moreover, in this case, it is necessary to use electrical equipment, which is equipped with a safety machine. The latter turns off (automatically) the system in case of short circuits, breakdowns on the body and other situations inherent in rooms with high humidity (and the basement of any house is ranked among such objects).

All work on the arrangement of forced-type ventilation can be done by hand. But the development of a project for such a system is best entrusted to a specialist in the field of electrical engineering. This is especially true when you plan to use air conditioners for cooling or heating the supply air flow and filtration devices. The cost of the services of a professional designer will be relatively small. At the same time, you can create a safe and efficient ventilation system for the basement of any area.

Proper ventilation of the cellar, like other rooms, is based on the immutable laws of physics. The air exchange scheme is simple, and you can do it yourself without the help of specialists.

For high-quality air circulation in the cellar, two ventilation holes are required. One of them is supply air, that is, through it clean air penetrates inside. The second is exhaust. Through it, all exhaust gases and vapors are removed to the outside. In order for the exhaust system to work fully, channels must be connected to the holes. Pipes are more commonly used. It is important that their diameter meets the standards.

The ventilation system in the cellar will work efficiently only if the level of the exhaust holes is correctly located. Depending on the location of the cellar itself, the exhaust pipes can be mounted in different ways. Sometimes they are brought out through the ceiling of the house, and can be built into the basement wall. These points are important to consider when drawing up a cellar ventilation scheme.

The temperature in the basement will depend on the height at which the openings for the entry of clean air will be located, especially in the winter season. Both the height of their placement and the diameter of the holes should be optimal.

The principle of operation of the system is based on the basic laws of physics. Having carefully looked at the ventilation scheme in the cellar, one can state the fact that it is extremely simple, but at the same time reliable.

To organize a complete system, it is enough to provide 2 ventilation holes for the basement. One of them is necessary to remove excess fumes and air from the room, and the second is to ensure the flow of pure and fresh oxygen. To ensure optimal efficiency, such a system requires two pipes, supply and exhaust.

Ventilation in the cellar under the house

An equally important stage is the installation of pipes at the optimum height from the floor and their subsequent withdrawal into the external space. Incorrectly placed air ducts can bring in too much air, which is extremely undesirable for fresh food and vegetables stored on the shelves. Too small a diameter of the pipes will not allow you to quickly remove musty air masses from the room.

Before you make ventilation in the cellar, you need to decide on the type of system that will be equipped in the room. It can be either forced or natural. The choice in favor of one or another option is determined by the features of the layout of the basement, its total area.

Often situations arise when a natural system for cellar ventilation is not enough. In cases where the area of product storage facilities is significant, and the height exceeds 2 m, experts recommend equipping a forced air vent and air exchange system. Such a system is a difficult engineering task, which is quite difficult to cope with without the involvement of experienced pros. The design specificity lies in the fact that the supply and exhaust pipes are supplemented by the following elements:

duct heaters;
filter cassette;
duct fan for cooling;
check valve;
sound silencer.

Forced ventilation device

In the role of a functional and decorative element, a crate and installation of blinds are used. A powerful duct fan is the main element of the forced ventilation system for cellars. The performance and service life are directly proportional to the selected power, technical features and air direction.

Ventilation duct

When choosing the best option for a forced ventilation system, you need to know that this type of equipment is offered to the consumer in three different versions:

design according to the exhaust principle - specializes in the elimination of air from various rooms;
supply system - provides an influx of purified, heated or fresh air;
supply and exhaust ventilation system for the cellar - combining the functions of ventilation of the first and second types.

Supply ventilation system

According to the principle of control, forced systems are divided into two types:

Automatic.
Mechanical.

Forced ventilation automatic type

This effect of convenient automation lies in the correct placement of sensors. They respond to changes in key indicators by turning on and off duct fans or heaters, thereby creating an optimal microclimate.

Exhaust forced ventilation with humidity sensor

As for the mechanical forced ventilation systems of the cellars, here the control of the temperature regime and the degree of humidity is carried out by a person. All the most important system control functions are performed by mechanical regulation. General recommendations for arrangement are as follows:

To give preference only to high-quality and proven equipment, so that the functioning of the system is durable and trouble-free.
In the process of arranging a simple forced ventilation scheme, you should carefully consider the location of each element.
Weigh all the pros and cons when choosing automatic or mechanical type of control.

Supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery

The question arises: how to choose the right forced ventilation system? First of all, you should carefully study the architectural features of the building, evaluate the dimensions of the room, determine the degree of optimal functionality of the system. If self-confidence is not fully felt, you can resort to the help of specialists at any stage.

The cellar is an indispensable building in the economy. The cellar ventilation project is best implemented directly at the construction stage. But it is also quite possible to create an effective ventilation system after construction is completed. In the future, it is important to monitor the state of the air in such a room so that the conditions for food storage and conservation are comfortable all year round.

How to make cellar ventilation yourself

The ventilation device in the cellar is quite simply carried out independently; this can be done not only at the planning stage of the room, but also already in the prepared cellar. The cellar ventilation scheme is quite simple; its operation is based on the simplest physical laws.

A cellar without ventilation cannot function normally. In order for the warehouse to become full-fledged, it is necessary to fulfill a number of requirements:

the basement should be dark;
compliance with the optimal temperature regime;
the degree of air humidity must be maintained at a certain level;
ventilation system.

Without airflow circulation, food will spoil and rot quickly. Proper ventilation of the cellar allows you to maintain optimal conditions for preserving the maximum useful qualities in vegetables.

Due to violations in construction technology, it is impossible to store crops and conservation in the cellars. If the basement is part of a private house, ventilation devices are mounted in the basement of the foundation, leaving vents above the basement, waterproofing is an important point.

For ventilation of cellars, the supply and exhaust version of the natural air exchange regulation system is the most reliable and budget option. The disadvantage of this method is the direct connection between the operation of the system and the temperature difference in the street and the strength of the wind.

For large rooms, a forced system is used. The use of such a scheme is especially important if in the future the cellar will be used as a living room, or it is planned to convert it into a gym or a billiard room. The natural ventilation system in the cellar cannot provide sufficient air exchange in hot calm weather.

If you plan to convert the basement into a gym, you should equip a forced ventilation system

When using this method, it should be remembered that the basement rooms are quite damp, therefore, to store food in the cellar in the country, you need to connect appliances with a minimum power, otherwise you may encounter the problem of current leakage through the appliance case.

There are two methods for forced ventilation of a wine cellar. The second involves the use of deflectors, instead of electric fans. The deflector is mounted on the inlet of the hood, which is located above the roof level.

This device redirects the force of the wind and rarefies the air inside the pipeline. Instead of a deflector, mini turbines are used. When installing a forced system, a natural one must also be provided.

Today, two of the most common systems can be distinguished: natural and forced ventilation. Both systems are popular, but before you make a ventilation system, you need to make some calculations.

In this example, a ventilation duct made from a conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe will be taken as the basis.

In the case when the total cellar area is 10 sq.m., then we need an air duct area equal to the product of 10 by 25 sq.m. cm. It turns out 250 cm.
Next, we take the circle area formula (our duct is round) S = πR², according to which we calculate the required radius of the ventilation pipe, which in our case will be 8.9 cm. Accordingly, the pipe diameter should be 17.8 cm.

How does the ventilation system work?

The above calculation is very simplified, since it does not take into account the intensity of air exchange in the room.

Experts often recommend calculating the cross section of the ventilation duct in the basement, taking into account the air flow. Interestingly, there is also a formula for calculating the air flow: L \u003d V * K, where L is, in fact, the value of air flow we need, V is the total volume of the basement, and K is a value indicating how many times per hour the air in the room is changing.

How to make ventilation in the cellar? The easiest way is natural ventilation, which involves airing the room through vents. The disadvantage of this method is that it is suitable only for a cellar with small dimensions, a maximum of 5 squares.

However, in order for the products to stay in it for a long time, it is necessary to ensure effective ventilation. In the article we will tell you how to properly make a hood in the cellar.

How it works?

Natural ventilation must necessarily have 2 pipes: supply and exhaust. It is best to use a galvanized or asbestos pipe when constructing a structure. It is also important to correctly calculate the diameter: 1 sq.m of the basement should be provided with 26 sq.m. see duct area.

Necessary for fresh air to enter the cellar. For greater efficiency, it must be installed in the corner, which is located on the opposite side from the installation site of the hood.

Important! Choose a place for installing the supply air duct so that it does not get clogged with snow in winter.

The supply air duct should be placed in such a way that its open end is at a distance of 40-60 cm from the floor. It should completely penetrate the floors and rise above the roof by about 80 cm.

Thanks to it, there will be an outflow of stale air from the cellar. It is recommended to install it along the corner so that the lower end is under the ceiling.
It should pass in a vertical position through the entire cellar, roof and go beyond it by 50 cm.

In order to collect less condensate or frost in the duct, it is insulated - another one is inserted into it, and the distance between them is filled with insulation.

Ventilation in a cellar with two pipes is carried out due to the different specific gravity of warm air inside and cold outside.

If there is a large temperature difference, there is a risk of a draft, which will lead to freezing of the cellar.
To prevent this, during construction, gate valves are used on the air ducts, which allow you to adjust the air circulation.

Types of systems

Today, two types of ventilation systems are installed: natural and forced. The choice of one or another option is influenced by the volume and layout of the basement.

Forced

The design of the forced system includes pipes, but in order to ensure forced air movement, fans are built into them.

Did you know? The need and benefits of ventilation have been known for centuries. However, then there were no special structures - just airing was carried out.

Typically, the installation site of the fan is the exhaust duct. With its help, it is possible to achieve an artificial vacuum in the cellar, thanks to which fresh air can enter the room through the inlet.

Depending on the volume of the cellar, fans of different capacities are selected. If the basement has complex configurations, fans are installed on both channels.
When constructing a forced exhaust, you cannot do without the help of a specialist who will help you correctly calculate the intake and output of air flows, the diameters of the required air ducts and the power of the fans.

Natural

The main idea of creating a natural hood is to take into account the difference in pressure and temperature in the cellar and beyond. It is very important to correctly determine where the pipes will be located.
It is better to place the air inlet at a height of 25-30 cm from the floor, while the exhaust should not be lower than 10-20 cm from the ceiling. If you place it lower, dampness and mold will soon appear on the ceiling.

How to make calculations?

If you decide to make a hood in the cellar with your own hands, you should pay close attention to the calculations related to the diameters of the pipes.

When constructing professional ventilation, complex calculations and formulas are used that are inappropriate for a home-made design. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the methodology that will be suitable for the construction of home-made ventilation.

Important! Be sure to cover the opening of the intake pipe with a metal mesh, as without it, rodents and insects can enter the cellar.

S=3x2=6 sq.m.

Given the ratio that we took as a basis, the cross-sectional area of the pipe channel will be:

T=6x26=156 sq.cm.

The radius of the ventilation duct is calculated by the formula:

R=√(T/π)=√(156/3.14)≈7.05cm

D≈14cm=140mm.

If there is only supply ventilation (the exhaust is represented by a hatch), the cross section of the inlet pipe can be slightly increased - an air duct with a diameter of 15 cm is quite suitable.

To ensure efficient air exchange, it is recommended to install an exhaust pipe, the diameter of which is 10-15% larger than the inlet pipe.

For the exhaust duct, an air duct with the following diameter is suitable:

Dv \u003d Dp + 15% \u003d 140 + 21≈160 mm.

Installation of ventilation pipes

In this section, we will tell you how to properly ventilate the cellar and what you should pay special attention to.

Where to locate

The supply air duct is brought out from the surface of the earth. Its lower end should be located almost near the cellar floor, at a distance 20-30 cm.

To install the exhaust pipe, choose the opposite corner of the basement, carry it close to the ceiling. One of its ends is led through the ceilings to the roof.

To improve the efficiency of the ventilation design, use the following tip: place a deflector on the pipe above the roof surface.

By covering the pipe with a cap, you can create negative pressure, which will increase the efficiency of the ventilation system.

Did you know? In ancient Egypt, ventilation was first actively used. Pyramide Cheops has a huge number of air ducts.

Material selection

For the construction of the hood, the following materials are usually used:

Asbestos cement pipes are very similar to slate pipes, which is why they got the same name. Both materials are quite durable, have high reliability and strength. Installation of polyethylene pipes is easy to carry out independently.

Installation

When installing a ventilation system, pay attention to things like this:

When installing the system in an already finished cellar, you will need to make a special hole in the ceiling.
Through this hole it is necessary to lower the pipe into the basement - it will draw air. Fix it at the top, next to the ceiling.
The part of the pipe that is outside the room must be raised by at least 1500 mm above the ground or above the roof.
In the opposite corner of the basement, it is necessary to make a hole in the roof and install a supply pipe through it. It must end at a distance 20-50 cm from the floor.
The supply air duct must not protrude too much from the roof. It will be enough to raise it to 25 cm.
When installing the supply pipe in the wall, a deflector must be put on its outer end.
If the house has a fireplace or stove, the outlet pipe should be installed near the chimney.

Important! Improper ventilation or lack of it will lead to the formation of stale air, which is sure to seep into the house and can adversely affect people's health. To prevent this, regularly check the presence of traction.

There is nothing complicated in installing a ventilation system, the main thing is to follow all the rules and recommendations.

In order to maintain the cellar in good condition and store food in it for a long time, it is necessary to take care of the microclimate.
It is very important to maintain low humidity in the basement. To do this, it is necessary to periodically ventilate the room. In summer, it is recommended to keep the doors and shutters open. Gusts of warm wind will quickly dry the cellar.

For any cellar or basement, the presence of ventilation is considered mandatory, with a lack of regular air flow from the street, it will be damp all the time. The article discusses how to make ventilation in the cellar, which can maintain an optimal microclimate and prevent mold.

If you carefully study the scheme of their arrangement, it becomes obvious that the ventilation of the basement is not difficult. There are several types of such systems:

natural;
forced;
combined.

The choice of a particular suitable system will depend on the area of \u200b\u200bthe basement. For a basement up to 50 m², the power of a natural ventilation system will be enough for the eyes. Let's look at these types in more detail.

Exhaust system of natural type.

This ventilation in the basement is based on the principles of temperature difference between inside and outside on the street, as well as pressure difference. The effectiveness of such a system depends only on how well the pipes are located. Natural ventilation guarantees the influx of fresh air from the street and the removal of the old. To organize such a movement, a pair of pipes is necessary:

for hood;
for inflow.

The arrangement of these pipes must be made near the walls of the cellar opposite each other. Such a ventilation device in the cellar makes it possible to maintain the maximum distance between the pipes. The outlet of the suction pipe is made at the bottom of the wall, at a height not exceeding 20-50 cm from the surface. Accordingly, pulling, at the top of the basement no more than 10 - 20 cm from the ceiling.

Why is it done this way? This mutual arrangement of pipes is due to this. The warm air flow rises, because it is lighter, and the cold one, on the contrary, falls down. In such a system, cold air from the street flows down the pipe. Once in the cellar, it warms up and tends to break out into the street up the exhaust pipe. A deflector can be installed on the top of the exhaust pipe. Its special shape creates additional vacuum. This improves cellar ventilation.

The main disadvantage of such a ventilation system is the cessation of the air whirlpool if the outside temperature is higher than the inside. In such cases, proper cellar ventilation implies the installation of a combined or forced system.

Forced ventilation.

The arrangement of air ducts of such a system is practically indistinguishable from the natural one, which was considered earlier. The main differences lie in such nuances. Both pipes can be mounted outside at a height of about 50 cm above the surface. The internal pipes of the cellar must be equipped with fans. One electric fan works for exhaust, the other for inflow. Such ventilation in the basement of a private house is preferable if the basement area is more than 60 m² or it is not possible to raise the hood above the roof ridge.

The project of a forced ventilation system must be thought out in advance, as well as projects of other types of ventilation. The project should include calculations for the quantitative volume of air exchange in the room and its multiplicity. This will be needed when choosing fans.

The air exchange rate is taken as 2 m³ of air per cubic meter of volume per hour. By calculating the volume of your basement and multiplying by the multiplicity, you will find out the required performance of electric fans.

Forced ventilation is installed in large basements. As a rule, it is part of the general air circulation system in the building. The miscalculations and implementation of such an extract require special knowledge and extensive experience. If you do not understand how to make ventilation in the basement, do not undertake to do everything yourself, contact the professionals.

Combined hood.

The most versatile and suitable for different rooms, both in size and in operating conditions. It is functional regardless of the ambient temperature. Such a system differs from others by the presence of a small electric exhaust fan on the air pipe. The stability of the hood will be ensured. Prices for fans are quite affordable, energy consumption is low. This ventilation in the basement of a private house will be appropriate if the basement is medium in size and the budget is limited.

The specifics of basement ventilation under different buildings

A good hood in the cellar under the house is designed to significantly extend its life. Despite this, many people pay little attention to ventilation during construction. Some are afraid of the cost of expensive systems, others simply do not know how to make high-quality and inexpensive basement ventilation, and others provide only a minimum. For example, shifting the functions of ventilation of the basement to the most banal vents.

Ventilation in the basement of a private house performs two tasks at the same time: providing the necessary conditions for storing food and maintaining the possibility of comfortable living for people living in this house. Lack of basement ventilation can adversely affect health, as well as comfort and coziness. Mold from the basement and damp air will still penetrate into rooms and other rooms over time. And all the inhabitants of the house will be forced to breathe this.

Features of arranging a basement in a private house:

the inlet pipe is passed through the base of the building. Further, bypassing the basement, to the cellar. It is positioned so that the inner part is at a height of 30-40 cm from the floor, and the street opening is at a height of 40-50 cm from the ground; the inlet pipe should not have narrower or wider places, extensions and bends, other than necessary;
in winter, you need to regularly clean the pipe from sticking snow;
in cold places, the exhaust pipe must be insulated to prevent the formation of ice;
the exhaust pipe for the cellar is carried out inside the house in a special shaft-channel, passing, for example, through the kitchen. For convenience, it is better to do a cellar under such a channel;
the exhaust pipe starts from the ceiling and stretches up - a few cm above the ridge.

When the hood is planned even before the start of construction, a minimum of consumables will be required. Most are PVC or asbestos pipes and fasteners to fix them. To do this, it is necessary to provide holes in the power frame of the house.

If the hood is mounted in a finished house, then you need to punch holes for mounting pipes. A simple option is to dig a small fragment of the base of the house, build holes in it and bring pipes into the basement. This concludes the basement installation phase.

The ventilation pipe is brought out above the roof ridge and fixed to the wall with clamps, following the example of drainpipes. The suction pipe must be protected with a metal mesh from rodents and pets.

When the cellar is under the garage.

The purpose of ventilation of such a cellar is the safety of products stored there for long-term storage, and preventing the formation of excess moisture in the garage itself. Natural ventilation will be a budget hood option. And forced - the most expensive.

The nuances of arranging ventilation of such a cellar:

the supply pipe is pulled as close to the surface as possible;
exhaust pipe - as high as possible above the roof - to a height of 80-100 cm above the ridge. This arrangement of the pipe improves traction;
the outer parts are equipped with a casing or deflector, which increases traction.

Adjustment of air circulation is carried out by special dampers mounted in both ventilation pipes. Flaps are a must in extreme cold. At this time, it is desirable to limit the flow of cooled air.

Forced ventilation will make the process of air exchange independent of meteorological conditions. The exhaust pipe is equipped with an electric fan. It draws air from the cellar, and the vacuum draws air from the street through another pipe. Air circulation is also possible with a single double pipe.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the cellar is organized simply. For independent work you will need:

perforator drill;
screwdrivers;
chisel and hammer;
fixture.

First you should read this material and calculate how to properly ventilate. It would be more logical to do all the calculations in the design and construction of the facility. Regardless of the type of system, it is still necessary to correctly calculate the cross section of the pipes. The calculation scheme used by specialists is very complex. However, to calculate the diameter in a small cellar, a simplified method can be used. You can make your calculation assuming that 1 m² requires 26 cm² of pipe section. For example, here is the data for calculating the diameter of the cross section of the ventilation pipe:

area 10 m²:
multiply the area by a factor - 10 × 26 \u003d 260 cm²;
pipe radius - the square root of the area divided by 3.14 - (260 / 3.14) ≈ 9 cm;
supply pipe diameter 18 cm = 180 mm.

For a margin, take a pipe with a diameter of 10 ÷ 15% more than the calculated one, approximately 200 mm, for the ventilation duct.

To combat the humidity of the air before the season, the cellar must be ventilated. You can also put a box with ordinary salt or quicklime in the cellar (they absorb excess water and disinfect the room - this is such a home secret).

There are various key factors to consider when designing any exhaust system. Determine the goals and conditions for the operation of the cellar. Pay attention to the nuances of the weather in the area where the cellar is being built. Do your work thoughtfully and slowly. Be smart and careful at any stage of work or design. Good luck!

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