What does a block making machine look like? Technology for the manufacture of cinder blocks at home. Preparation of the solution, the use of molds and equipment. Total solution volume

Among the many concrete products on the market, cinder blocks stand out. They quickly gained popularity among private developers, thanks to a set of advantages. The increased dimensions and low weight of the products greatly facilitate the laying of walls. By making cinder blocks on your own, you can significantly reduce costs. A cinder block production machine designed for domestic use can be made on your own.

Cinder blocks - characteristics and purpose of the material

One of the reasons for the increased popularity of slag-filled concrete blocks is the low cost of the material. It is associated with the use in the production process of waste from metallurgical enterprises - slag.

Along with traditional components, Portland cement and river sand, various aggregates are used:

• brick fight;
• crushed stone screening;
• granite chips;
• various slags and ashes;
• expanded clay particles.

The use of cinder blocks in construction can reduce the cost of building walls several times

The manufacturing process is carried out in various ways:

• industrial method at specialized enterprises with the processing of products in drying chambers;
• at home from available raw materials, using a self-assembled machine for making blocks.

On home-made equipment, you can produce various types of cinder-concrete products:

• full-bodied, with an increased margin of safety. They are used quite rarely, as they retain heat worse;
• hollow, characterized by high thermal insulation properties. To ensure strength, the volume of cavities should not exceed 1/3 of the total volume of the product.

Dimensions of products are determined by the size of the form. With independent production of products, the size of the molding box can be any. However, many prefer the standard dimensions of 19x18.8x39 cm.

The increased volume of the cinder block can significantly reduce the duration of various types of construction work:

• erection of capital walls;
• construction of internal partitions.

It is perfect for the construction of utility buildings, sheds, storage facilities.

If you need to make a cinder block yourself, the machine allows you to quickly solve the problem. The resulting material has many advantages:

• high thermal insulation characteristics. Due to the reduced thermal conductivity, the material prevents heat loss;
• increased dimensions and low weight. This makes it easy to transport products and quickly build walls from them;
• resistance to the development of microorganisms. This is achieved due to the properties of the slag included in the structure of the block;
• low price. Do-it-yourself cinder block machine allows you to make products that are cheaper than purchased blocks.

The advantages also include the fact that slag-filled blocks are easy to machine, effectively absorb various noises, and are not afraid of high temperatures.

The material also has weaknesses:

• low durability. The period of operation of cinder-block buildings is up to three decades;
• reduced margin of safety. The characteristics of the material allow the construction of buildings with a height of no more than two floors;
• the appearance of cracks under the influence of shear forces. During shrinkage, cracking occurs along the cinder block array.

To ensure an attractive appearance of buildings, the cinder block surface needs an external cladding. These shortcomings do not stop developers who wish to build an outbuilding or a small building in a limited time at low cost.

You can use homemade cinder blocks a month after they are made.

Choosing which machine to use for the manufacture of cinder blocks

After deciding on the manufacture of block products on their own, the problem arises of choosing a unit for their production. Many decide to make their own machine for the production of cinder blocks.

When deciding on a device, it is worth considering the following design options:

• a simplified device that provides the ability to manufacture block products at home;
• an improved unit, the design of which provides for a mechanism for tamping and extracting finished products.

The choice of the optimal option is carried out depending on the need and availability of funds.

Simplified cinder block machine with your own hands - drawings and recommendations

With a small need for material, there is no need to manufacture a complex unit equipped with a vibration motor and special mechanisms. A simplified method allows the production of products in special molding boxes.

The technology provides for the following works:

1. Assembling molds and oiling the surface inside the box.
2. Pouring into collapsible containers of cinder block mortar.
3. Exposure for 5-6 hours until the composition sets.
4. Disassembly of the box and careful extraction.
5. Drying of manufactured products under a canopy or indoors.

To build this kind of machine, you should have the skills to work with a welding machine and a plumbing tool

The use of wooden or metal inserts, as well as glass containers, allows the production of hollow blocks. It is not difficult to make a simplified machine for cinder blocks with your own hands - it is a metal or wooden container, the size and shape of which correspond to the parameters of the product.

An improved machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands - drawings and device

For the manufacture of the upgraded unit, drawings will be required. You can study the existing machine for self-development of sketches. Before starting design work, it is important to make sure that the device is working. It is advisable to manufacture complex equipment with an increased need for cinder blocks. In any case, when planning to assemble a professional cinder block machine with your own hands, you need to develop the drawings yourself or purchase ready-made ones.

In such a machine there are special mechanisms:

• ramming device. Compaction is carried out by a vibration motor. It is an engine with a power of up to 1.2 kW with a load placed eccentrically on the shaft. You can use a purchased vibration motor. As a result of vibration action, air pores are removed, and the material is evenly distributed over the mold box. The result of ramming is an increase in density and strength properties;
• lifting mechanism. It facilitates the removal of cinder blocks from mold boxes. From a variety of designs, you can always choose the right option. The simplest solution is a U-shaped handle welded to the side surfaces of the container. By lifting the molding box by the handles, you can remove the hardened cinder block.

The size of the mold must correspond to the dimensions of the cinder block, exceeding its height by 50 mm. This will allow you to load an increased volume of the mixture, which, after compaction, will acquire the required dimensions.

To make a cinder block with your own hands, small-sized vibrating machines are used, which are capable of producing small batches of this material.

We assemble a machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks with our own hands

If you want to make a homemade cinder block machine with your own hands, you need to draw or purchase ready-made sketches, as well as take care of the materials and tools necessary to complete the work.

Getting ready to assemble a machine for cinder blocks - preparation of materials and tools

The arsenal of home craftsmen usually has the required equipment and tools. Catalog of the necessary equipment and materials:

• electric welding device;
• grinder with a disk for cutting metal;
• a set of locksmith tools;
• vise;
• sheets of three-millimeter metal;
• cutting steel pipes;
• electric motor or ready-made vibrator;
• bolts, washers, nuts for fastening parts.

The amount of metal for the manufacture of the device is determined in accordance with the drawing or sketch, which shows all dimensions.

First of all, workpieces are cut from a sheet of metal 3 mm, work with a grinder should be done carefully

How to make a mold for a block machine with your own hands - drawings and assembly

In order to make a home-made machine for a cinder block with your own hands, drawings and diagrams will be required both for the molding box and for the unit itself. Let's start with the mold.

Make it according to the following algorithm:

1. Mark the contours of the parts on a metal sheet, cut the blanks to make a molding box.
2. Weld the shell of the future container, check the observance of right angles.
3. Cut off pieces of pipes with a grinder, the length of which corresponds to the height of the cinder block.
4. Make cuts along the axis from opposite sides of the pipes, give the blanks a conical configuration.
5. Weld them to the base of the box, connect them with a transverse jumper to increase rigidity.
6. Weld the base with conical inserts to the shell, fix the plugs on the end of the pipes.
7. Make two handles for moving the mold box, fix them on both sides of the structure.
8. Make the cover of the molding box, make holes in it that correspond to the dimensions of the technological inserts.
9. Fasten the stops inside the box at a level corresponding to the height of the block. They act as a stopper for the lid.

The use of a group molding box with increased dimensions will increase the productivity of the equipment, and the use of a collapsible casting mold will facilitate extraction.

Do-it-yourself drawing for making a machine

How to make a block making machine yourself

As a material for manufacturing, use the metal profile available in the household.

Sequencing:

1. Weld the sidewalls of the bed, connect them with jumpers.
2. Prepare a work platform and secure between the uprights.
3. Attach the vibration motor mounting studs to the platform.
4. Fix the eccentric balancer on the motor drive shaft.
5. Prime the surface of the metal, then cover with paint.
6. Connect the power cable to the motor and carry out a test run.

Having carefully studied the previously developed project and drawings, it is not difficult to make a machine for making cinder blocks with your own hands.

How to prepare a solution for a machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks

It is important to properly prepare the solution so that the cinder block made at home has the required properties. Necessary materials:

• coal ash or metallurgical slag;
• sifted sand;
• fine-grained gravel or screenings;
• cement M400 or M500.

The name itself speaks for itself what this block is made of, and it is made from coal slag, which remains after the boilers are fired in a coal-fired boiler house

It is allowed to introduce additives that reduce the duration of hardening and increase strength. The ratios of the ingredients affect the characteristics of the finished material.

Use the following recipes:

• mix ash with cement in a ratio of 7: 2, add water to a plastic consistency;
• mix ash and screenings in equal proportions, add 10–12% of cement from the total volume, dilute with water.

When mixing, be guided by proven recipes.

We check the machine for the production of blocks - we stamp cinder blocks with our own hands

Consider how to use the machine for the manufacture of cinder concrete products:

1. Install the unit on a solid base, connect the voltage.
2. Prepare the cinder block mixture according to the manufacturing technology.
3. Fill the mold box with mortar and turn on the vibration motor for one minute.
4. Add solution up to the upper mark.
5. Install the cover, turn on the vibration motor.
6. Tamp until it touches the cover with thrust elements.
7. Carefully remove the forming container.

When the fresh block has set, remove it from the box. Dry the building material in a dry and closed area.

What to look for when making a cinder block machine

Carrying out the construction of a house, a bathhouse or an outbuilding, you can save a lot by using a machine designed for the manufacture of cinder blocks. It is not always necessary to purchase a machine made in the factory. It is not difficult to make a machine for making blocks yourself. Pay attention to the use of proven drawings, as well as study the recipe and understand the technology.

Building blocks are a common material for the construction of structures for various purposes. They differ in size, constituent components, manufacturing method, but all are in demand wall structural material. Building blocks are made in industrial settings, concrete products and cinder blocks are also made in the household, which requires a do-it-yourself building block production plant. According to the material of manufacture, these products are divided into the following types:

• cinder concrete;
• concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• fiber foam concrete;
• polystyrene concrete.

Cinder blocks as a building material

Cinder block refers to standard concrete products, only instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, an aggregate in the form of waste slag is used. Such a replacement gives the material lightness compared to concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since slag compares favorably with heavy and dense crushed stone in terms of thermal conductivity.

The production of cinder blocks provides for the exact dosage of components in the solution, namely:

• cement grade not lower than 400 or 500, one part (bucket) is taken;
• quarry sand, 3 parts (buckets) are kneaded;
• slag, burnt brick, expanded clay, this material is added in the amount of 5 parts (buckets);
• water.

To obtain cinder blocks of the same quality as in the factory, a solution of medium viscous consistency is used. A liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and a thick one will create uncontrolled voids inside when solidified.

concrete blocks

Building blocks made of cement, sand and gravel are used for the construction of wall and other structures, if increased strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in the ratio of 1:3:6, other options for the concrete mixture are described in the builder's reference books and depend on the brand of cement used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Construction sawdust blocks

For the construction of residential buildings, cottages, cottages, light and warm wall material is used from sawdust, sand and water. The binder in the solution is lime. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties of the final product. An increase in the mass of sawdust leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a decrease in strength. With an increase in the amount of sand in the solution, an increase in strength occurs, while the frost resistance limit increases, which increases the operational properties of the material. Blocks are widely used in private housing construction as cladding for insulation of structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, long service life without destruction, environmental friendliness of the material, ease of production. A do-it-yourself building block plant is available to manufacture and is popular among home craftsmen. Sawdust concrete is characterized by an increased drying time, so several through holes are made inside the product to improve air intake.

The dimensions of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated, their width is taken as a multiple of the wall thickness. If we talk about standard sizes, then the blocks are made according to the double thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). In the manufacture of sawdust stones, dry components are first mixed, then water is added, mortar mixers are used for work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation includes a complex process of saturating the solution with gases, which is difficult to reproduce at home. Aerated concrete building blocks are distinguished by their lightness, high soundproofing, heat-insulating properties.

Fiber foam concrete products for masonry

Fiber foam concrete is essentially an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech machines for building blocks spray foam in the mass of the solution, it forms uniform closed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers apply polyamide fiber reinforcement throughout the mass. Such wall material is very durable, does not rot, light and durable.

Blocks of their fiber foam concrete are produced in various sizes. For load-bearing walls, use 20x30x60 cm, which weighs 22 kg. To build a brick wall of the same size, 18 stones will be required, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used in the construction of walls inside the building, partitions, they are used to insulate ceilings and walls. The thermal conductivity of fiber foam concrete is 2.7 times less than that of brick and 2 times less than that of slag concrete and shell rock.

Large block sizes reduce the use of cement-sand mortar for masonry by 20 times compared to building a wall of small-sized stones. Fiber foam concrete does not burn, does not change shape when exposed to high temperatures and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Polystyrene concrete blocks

The material belongs to the next variety of lightweight wall concrete blocks. It differs from standard concrete in better performance and reduced production costs. The innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concretes in terms of weight, even foam concrete is one and a half times heavier than it. Thanks to this indicator, houses are built without the usual massive foundation, and the cost of transporting material is reduced.

The production of styrofoam blocks involves the careful mixing of cement, sand, styrofoam particles and special additives to retain air in the total mass. All other physical characteristics of the material put it one step above the usual materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of the structures being constructed. After the construction of walls from standard materials, a slight shrinkage occurs during the year. In the case of polystyrene blocks, such a time is not expected.

Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of building structures, a special device is used that works on the principle of a vibration processor.

Such a vibrating machine or a vibrating table is designed independently. A do-it-yourself installation for the production of building blocks significantly reduces the cost of the blocks, respectively, and the walls of the house.

Solution preparation

The solution is prepared from sand, cement, water and aggregate, which are used as various materials, as described above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, a small amount is thrown onto the ground. A high-quality mixture does not spread in watery streams; when squeezed in a fist, it sticks together into a lump.

The production of cinder blocks involves a thorough cleaning of slag from foreign debris; chips and unburned parts of coal are not allowed to enter the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, three parts of slag and one part of gypsum are mixed, water is simultaneously introduced. This mortar is quickly used as the plaster hardens in minutes. Pre-slag before kneading is soaked with water. To improve the quality of products at the outlet, modern plasticizer additives are added to the solution. Their action increases the frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made - solid and hollow. The former are used for the construction of solid structures, load-bearing walls, foundations. The second type of blocks is used as a partition material, it isolates well from cold and extraneous sounds.

Production of concrete blocks without a vibrating table

Of the two technologies, the use of a wooden mold, which is designed to allow the mortar to flow naturally without vibration, is in ever-increasing demand. The placement of the solution in the prepared form is carried out in several stages. First, the container is filled with a third of the solution, after which the walls of the mold are carefully tapped around the perimeter with a hammer for high-quality shrinkage of the concrete solution. In the next two stages, the solution is poured according to the original technology until the mold is filled. The manufacture of building blocks with voids involves a technique when two plastic bottles of water are inserted into the uncured solution, which, after setting, are removed.

Forms are left for 2-5 days to dry. Then the blocks are carefully removed from the collapsible structure and laid out on pallets until completely dry. with this method of production, it is not required to purchase.

Of the tools and fixtures you will need: a sieve for sifting sand, forms for mortar, a trough for mixing or a concrete mixer, a hammer for tapping, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, drying trays.

Method for making blocks using a vibrating machine

To do this, a vibration machine for cinder blocks is purchased or manufactured independently. A special form of metal is installed on the plane of the machine, and the concrete mixture with slag aggregate is poured into it by one third. After that, the vibrating table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows you to remove all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will get good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. Blocks are removed from the mold in the same way as in the non-vibration manufacturing method.

The cinder block does not tolerate overdrying in hot weather in the open rays of the sun, so on hot days it is sprinkled with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane so that moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, completely dried concrete blocks gain 100% strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of the manufacture of cinder blocks

Forms are made independently, using metal or wood for this, boards take at least 190-200 mm in width. They are combined into a prefabricated structure, the side parts of which are detached to remove the finished block. In the general design, no more than 6 cells for laying concrete are combined. The finished structure is installed on a dense waterproof material, such as oilcloth, which forms the bottom of the mold.

If wood is chosen as the material for the mold, then it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. Forms are made from dry wood. These conditions are met, otherwise, in the process of work, the tree will lead away from the water, and the geometric size of the block will change. The standard sizes of stones are 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for his own construction.

For metal matrices, sheets with a thickness of no more than 3-4 mm are taken. When welding the structure, all welds are made from the outside so as not to round the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using pieces of metal pipes of a suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. The distance between the pipes and the distance from the walls are controlled, the composition is welded with strips for rigidity and fixation.

If equipment is being made for the production of building blocks, then when attaching the vibrator to the table, after tightening the nuts, they are still slightly welded by welding. The motor must be closed with a protective casing made of any material from splashes of solution, water, dust.

Production technology of sawdust concrete blocks

Available materials are not pre-processed, but you can buy them at any hardware store, so they start making blocks of sand, lime and sawdust immediately after purchase. To mix the mortar, a concrete mixer or mortar mixer is used, since manually mixing wood waste is difficult.

Dry sawdust, passed through a large sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. Lime or cooked clay dough is added to the solution. The resulting mixture is well mixed and only after that water is added, gradually pouring it in small portions. To determine the readiness of the solution, it is squeezed in the hand, after which fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the molds with mortar, they are lined with a thin layer of sawdust. Internal holes in the blocks are made using wooden plugs about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the mortar. The material of the building blocks is tightly packed into the mold using a special rammer. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After the end of this period, the solution gains about 40% of the prescribed strength.

The molds are dismantled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the prescribed limit. Finished products are transferred to pallets and covered from direct sunlight. Drying of blocks is faster if gaps are left between the products during storage. It is advisable to place pallets in a draft or use a fan for forced airflow.

Sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of airing. At this time, their strength is 90%.

Machine tools and equipment

To make the number of blocks necessary for construction, they purchase a ready-made vibroforming machine. The TL-105 brand is distinguished by good performance. And although its power is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different aggregates per hour. Its approximate cost on the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern machine tool manufacturers produce many varieties of block machines with additional features. Prices for machine tools are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, a 1IKS vibrating machine is suitable, it costs about 17,000 rubles, its power is only 0.15 kW, it produces such equipment 30 blocks per hour. When buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for the needs of construction.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making building blocks with your own hands will save a lot of money on the production of products. The cost price does not take into account the wages paid to the employee. Overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions are not added to the cost of the block, therefore, making building material cheaper than a house.

To make a cinder block with your own hands is quite within the power of a skilled builder. With a relatively low price for this type of building material, the desire to save money sometimes turns out to be predominant, and craftsmen make attempts to cast the required number of concrete blocks on their own. This is especially true for those who require elements of a non-standard shape or size.

What the cinder block is made of is clear from its name: the main component of the mixture is coal slag. The binder in the mixture is building cement. The secret of neat and durable blocks is the correct proportion of components. The most famous and tested is the following composition of the cinder block:

• coal slag (blast furnace or from the state district power station) - 7 parts;
• coarse river sand - 2 parts;
• gravel or crushed stone with a fraction of 5-15 mm - 2 parts;
• cement M400-M500 - 1.5 parts;
• water - 1.5-3 parts.

The amount of water in the solution may be different depending on the method of manufacturing concrete parts. When pouring into conventional cinder block molds, without pressing, it is recommended to use a mixture of a more liquid consistency to fill the corners of the matrix well with it.

When vibrocompressing, a plasticizer for concrete (or PVA glue) can also be added to the mixture at the rate of 5 g per 1 cinder block. Considering that 36 pieces of finished products of a standard size (40x20x20 cm) will come out of a bag of cement, it is easy to calculate the amount of additive. The plasticizer makes concrete more resistant to moisture and reduces the risk of cracking in the product during drying.

Block Forming Methods

Form for cinder blocks

How to make a cinder block with your own hands, if special equipment is not used? With a small amount of construction (garage, bathhouse, etc.), the required number of concrete elements can be made by pouring the mixture into ordinary forms, similar to the formwork for the above-ground part of the foundation. The only difference will be that inside the space must be divided into separate chambers that form the body of each concrete product.

How to make a mold for a cinder block with your own hands is shown in the figure on the left. The number of simultaneously produced products may be different. It depends on the availability of boards of the required length for the formwork walls. The indicated cell dimensions (20x20x40 cm) are suitable for the production of a standard block. If necessary, formwork can be made with cells of the desired size (for a semi-block, for example, 20x20x20 cm or others). The outer walls of the formwork are made of planed boards of the desired width. Between themselves, they can be fastened with sliding grooves. On the inner sides of the long boards, make cuts for the dividing plates. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that in the assembled state the form should have perfectly right angles at the junction of the walls and partitions. The appearance of the finished product and the convenience for the builder himself when laying elements that are well suited to each other depend on this.

Void formers in a simple wooden form can be glass bottles that need to be placed in a poured solution. In this case, a certain amount of the mixture will be forced out of the formwork, therefore, when using this method, the cells should not be filled to the top. After installing the bottles, you need to ensure that the solution in all cells is at the level of their edges.

When manufacturing a matrix of a more complex design (figure, on the right), make void formers from wooden cones, fixing them at the bottom with nails or self-tapping screws. The presence of handles in this form makes it possible to move it for installation on a vibrating table.

Before pouring the composition into molds of any design, the internal surfaces must be lubricated with used automotive oil or a similar lubricant.

This will prevent the mixture from sticking to the mold and make it easier to remove when the blocks are ready. It is necessary to remove the mold with this method of making cinder blocks with your own hands no earlier than 24 hours after filling the cells. Finished products must gain strength for another 1 month before use. After that, walls of buildings, fences, etc. can be erected from the cinder block.

How to make a vibrating machine?

Making a cinder block at home by casting takes a lot of time. The quality of the obtained products is somewhat inferior to that which can be obtained using the vibrocompression method. But this requires special equipment - machines for cinder blocks, which you can buy or make yourself.

The most affordable and simple installation is a vibrating table. To create such a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands, you will need:

• boards or metal profile for the base;
• metal plate or wooden shield;
• motorcycle damping springs;
• two-shaft electric motor with a power of 0.5-0.7 kW.

To build a machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands, you will also need working tools: a drill, a grinder or a saw, a welding machine, etc. Using the drawings (figure), the home master is able to assemble a frame for the base, on which 4 springs are fixed. On top of this structure, a solid wooden shield or metal plate must be laid. The tabletop can be fastened to the springs by welding or threaded connection. The dimensions of the base and tabletop must be sufficient to accommodate the existing molds, or the matrices themselves can be made to fit the existing slab.

On the underside of the tabletop, it is required to firmly fix the electric motor. In order to create a vibration of the desired frequency and strength during its operation, eccentrics must be installed on the motor shafts. These can be metal plates with a hole displaced from the center or pulleys, on which a small load is welded from one end.

The purpose of these parts is to unbalance the uniform rotation of the shaft and create vibration during its operation, which will be transmitted to the countertop, mounted on springs. The size of the eccentrics or the weight of the load will have to be selected individually, depending on the engine power and speed.

The form with the filled solution is established on a table-top. When the engine is turned on and the vibration it produces, the solution thickens and settles a little. Making cinder blocks with your own hands using such a machine requires filling the matrix with a small excess. Pressing on a vibrating table is carried out until the concrete laid in the mold acquires strength, which makes it possible to remove the formwork and transfer the products from the countertop to the drying place. For a homemade machine, this time is best determined experimentally.

For a more complex model of the machine, sheet metal 2-3 mm thick and a welding machine will be needed. In this case, a box of the required size with cells or a single one must be welded from metal, for the manufacture of 1 block. The dimensions indicated on the drawing (figure) allow you to obtain a product of a standard size of 20x20x40 cm.

Cinder block making machine

The box does not have a bottom and needs to be installed on a flat base (metal plate). On its side (short) sides, for stability, you can additionally weld 2 pieces of pipe, longer than the width of the box. This will allow the structure not to tip over during vibration. Edges are welded onto the upper perimeter, which allow you to accurately fill the matrix.

In this case, the void formers are located on top and are metal parts that are round or square in cross section. Their width as they go deeper into the cavity of the matrix should become smaller, forming an inverted cone or pyramid. This is necessary for easy removal of the box from the product. The void formers are fixed on the walls of the box with a narrow metal strip.

Inside the box, at a distance of 20 cm from the lower edges, 2 stops for the pressure plate are welded. The plate must have handles for removing it from the product and slots in the form of a section of void formers.

An electric motor with eccentrics is attached to the outer side of the matrix. When the engine is running for 5-15 seconds, the mass of concrete poured into the box is pressed. The pressure plate is gradually lowered onto the stops.

When the limiters are reached, a home-made machine for making a cinder block with your own hands must be turned off, the plate removed, and the box vertically raised. Transfer the product to a flat area for drying and curing.

Cinder block is one of the very popular materials from which buildings of any type are built. The technology for manufacturing a cinder block at home is a vibration pressing of a certain mixture, which is in special forms.

The very technology of production and the composition of cinder blocks provide that the blocks use special devices and machines that can be made by hand. The dimensions of the standard block are 39x29x19 centimeters, there may be three identical holes inside.

Advantages of cinder blocks

The composition of the cinder block (however, like the foam block) is truly unique:

• Cinder blocks have excellent heat and sound insulation.
• Such blocks have sufficient strength and durability.
• Good cement economy. So, for the preparation of 36 pieces, one bag of cement will go.
• The current Russian legislation does not provide for mandatory certification of either the slag concrete material itself or the equipment with which it is produced. That is, there is no need for mandatory testing for safety and quality.

Hence the conclusion: it is the cinder block that is the most profitable material for construction on its site, because in this case the process is fast, economical and reliable.

Preparing a solution for cinder concrete

Before talking about how to make cinder blocks at home, consider preparing a solution for them. The composition of the solution for cinder blocks includes a filler, it is better if it is slag left after the combustion of coal in a furnace, in an amount equal to seven parts by volume.

Large expanded clay sand - two parts, gravel, with a fraction of 0.5 - 1.5 cm - two parts, cement, brand M500 - one and a half parts and water - three volume parts. But not only slag can be a filler, as such it is possible to use gypsum, expanded clay, ash, gravel, crushed stone screenings, sand, brick waste and even processed sawdust.

Attention: The proportional composition of water is indicated approximately, and in the process of mixing the solution, it is necessary to control its density. To check, just take a lump of solution and throw it on the ground. A high-quality solution will crumble, and clenched in a fist will stick together.

When using blast-furnace slag as a filler, no extra additives should be present: chips, earth or unburned coal. Therefore, the slag must be sorted in advance, sieved using a special sieve.

If gypsum serves as a filler, then the components of cinder concrete are taken in the following proportions: gypsum - one part, slag mixture - three parts and water. The solution is thoroughly mixed and used almost immediately.

This mixture is prepared for a maximum of six minutes. The slag mixture is preliminarily moistened. About 350 liters of water are used to prepare one cubic meter of solution.

In order to make high-quality cinder blocks at home, a special plasticizer is added to the solution. As a result, the mixture becomes very plastic, and the blocks are strong, waterproof, frost-resistant and not brittle.

In addition to hollow blocks, blocks can also be made solid. They are the strongest and most durable, and most often they make the foundation. Unlike them, hollow blocks are lightweight, have excellent heat-insulating and soundproof properties.

Well, one more important property: cinder blocks can be colored if dyes are added to the solution, which can be chalk or crushed red bricks.

Related articles:

Methods for the manufacture of cinder blocks

Currently, such a question of how to make a cinder block at home can be solved in two ways:

1. The first method uses small molds in which the blocks are hardened;
2. In the second case, special equipment is used. This equipment can be factory-made or self-made, possibly with the involvement of a familiar turner.

Cinder blocks in molds

Making a cinder block at home is possible using both wooden and metal molds. It is believed that the standard dimensions of the block are 39x19x19 centimeters, but depending on the purpose of the form, you can make almost any.

Forms consist of side walls and a bottom. If the molds are made in such a way that several blocks are poured into each, then material can be significantly saved.

Caution: When using these forms, the mortar must be uniform and thick enough to fill these forms without forming voids.

To make the blocks light and inexpensive, voids are created in them; for this, glass bottles are inserted into the molds. To make it easier to get them, they are located with the neck down. The excess solution is removed, the remaining is well leveled.

The blocks are in the forms for a day, then they are pulled out and stored in low stacks. They are ready for construction in a month.

Slag concrete on special equipment

Making cinder blocks at home in this way is more productive and guarantees higher quality. But this requires special equipment, in particular a concrete mixer and a vibrating table.

For the manufacture of the machine you need:

• the use of steel sheet, thick 2-3 mm;
• asynchronous motor, the power of which 100 watts or more;
• weights to cause imbalance and vibration;
• cylinders to create voids.

We make a machine for the production of cinder blocks

Equipment for cinder blocks at home can be done as follows:

• Billets of the following size are cut out of a steel sheet: two rectangles 40x25, two - 20x25, one - 40x15, four - 4x4 and one - 39.5x19.5 centimeters.
• A form is welded from steel rectangles 40x25 and 20x25 centimeters, the internal dimensions of which will correspond to the dimensions of the standard block. But, as already mentioned, sizes can be varied.

Attention: To strictly observe the dimensions of the blocks and maintain the quality of the ribs, the weld must be located outside.

• Three blanks are cut from the pipe, with a diameter of 8 centimeters, a length of 25 cm.
• These blanks are welded to the form, using stiffeners, 4x4 cm in size, while they are located in its upper part.
• The vibrator is attached to the longer side of the mold using bolts and nuts. The bolts themselves are attached to the mold by welding.
• To protect the engine from water and mortar, a visor is welded over it, to the edge of which an additional leg is welded. It is necessary for additional stability, because the center of gravity of the entire structure has shifted due to the vibrator.
• Clamps are welded to the handles and you can start making cinder blocks.

Cinder block is a practical and at the same time not expensive building material. Suitable for building both a garage and a residential building. Building from cinder blocks is not expensive and fast, and if you make them yourself, the savings will be much more tangible.

Is it possible to make the blocks yourself - you ask - Is there any sense in this. Of course, if you have thought up a large construction (house, cottage), a lot of material will be required.

In this case, it is better to buy - cheaper and faster. Well, if you need to build a garage, a bathhouse, a shed, or make an extension to the house and you have a large amount of construction waste on the site, it’s another matter. Such an undertaking is doomed to success.

Well, let's take a look at the question of making cinder blocks with your own hands in order.

Cinder block size

A standard cinder block is available in the following sizes: length - 390 mm; width - 190 mm; height - 188 mm. There are also blocks for partitions (half blocks), their size: 390 × 120 × 188 mm.

It is not necessary to make cinder blocks in standard sizes, you can reduce or increase if you are a strong person. Depending on the voids, they weigh from 17 to 25 kg, so working with them is quite difficult (especially towards the end of the day).

Form for cinder blocks

For their manufacture, special metal molds, vibrating tables and presses are used in production, pressing concrete in a mold with a load of several tons.

When making cinder blocks with your own hands, the mold is usually made of wood. The types and designs of such forms are diverse. But in fact, just a container or into which the concrete mixture is poured.

The form serves to hold the product until the concrete mortar sets. And to make it easier to get the finished block, home-made forms are often made collapsible and without a bottom, placing a film under them.

For the device of voids, you can use ordinary bottles (filled with water so that they do not float), pressed into the concrete in the right places. For ease of production and product quality, it is better to fix cylinders or squares for voids (pieces of pipes or a wooden block) to the mold itself by attaching them to the bottom or lid.

What to make cinder block

As the name implies, slag is used for its production, waste and, one might say, free material. Not only metallurgy waste, but also waste from coal combustion in a boiler room, old brick (crushed), and sawdust, which gives the material good thermal insulation properties.

Of course, the composition of the mixture for cinder block also includes cement, sand and water. For additional strength, you can use various.

cinder block proportions

Here, in principle, everything is the same as for, the only difference is that not crushed stone, but slag is used as a filler. Composition: 1 bucket of cement - 3 buckets of sand - 5 buckets of slag.

Cement is taken by M-400, but it is better to use M-500, it can be taken 10 - 15 percent less.

Manufacturing technology

Slag concrete is made in the same way as ordinary concrete mix for the foundation. You can do it in a concrete mixer (if any) or manually. After pouring the solution into the mold, it is desirable to compact it.

In industrial production, special equipment is used for this. It would not be bad to have a building vibrator at home, and if not, then you can simply tap the mold from the outside with a hammer.

This is done so that the concrete mixture is distributed throughout the volume, filling all the voids, as well as for air to escape, in the presence of air bubbles, the strength of the product decreases. Cinder blocks are removed from the molds after 2-4 days.

As well as when drying concrete, drying out of the blocks should be avoided, for this they must be periodically sprayed with water or covered with a film. Cinder blocks will gain strength only after 28 days, after which they can be used for their intended purpose.

Watch the video: Making a cinder block at home

Please tell me, is it possible to make a cinder block from sand and cement without slag and various other components?

Hello Sergey.
Blocks can be made without filler, but it is the filler that gives them such properties as thermal conductivity. And the cost of a block only from cement and sand will be higher.

good afternoon! for the construction of small structures! like a garage. bath! is it possible to apply the composition of cinder blocks 1 cement. 4 sand. and what do you think about it???

Hello Andrey.
1) Such a composition can be used, of course it is better to adhere to the proportions of 1/3/5.
2) If there is no heavy load from above, such as some kind of concrete dome, then the cinder block will withstand.

good afternoon! there will be no load! the foundation has already been done! the garage will be 4x6 floors there will be simple logs!! thank you for your answer! your information was important to me! since I will only be pouring blocks in a couple of weeks! I am a welder and made the machine myself!

By clicking the "Send comment" button, you confirm that you agree with and give your consent to the processing of your personal data.