Road construction from slabs 1p 30.18 30. Road slabs, airfield slabs. Storage and transportation

Rectangular road slabs 1P 30-18-30 used for road construction. Reinforced concrete slabs are an important component of many construction projects and technical structures. Not a single construction site can do without road elements. It is necessary to lay roadbeds to new objects, for which they are well suitedplates 1P 30-18-30 . These products allow savings in the construction of houses, due to the free access of transport to the construction site. Since the slabs are made of reinforced high-quality concrete, the structures are high-strength and reliable.

1. Variants of writing marking.

Rectangular slabs 1P 30-18-30 mark according toGOST 21925-84 . Production and parametersrectangular slab for city roads enshrined in GOST 21924.1(2)-84 and GOST 21924.2-84 . The designation includes the type of product and the dimensional conditional series of the product. The spelling of the brand can be done in various ways, which is not a mistake:

1. 1P 30-18-30;

2. 1P 30-18-30 gr;

3. 1P 30-18-30 n.

2. The main scope.

Road slabs are used for road construction. These are high-strength elements and can be used to organize both temporary and permanent pavement. The tonnage of cars is calculated as H-10 and H-30,road slab elements 1P 30-18-30 these loads withstand, as they have a certain margin of safety. The main area of ​​​​use is an integral part in urban roads.

Unlike asphalt pavement, these reinforced concrete products1P 30-18-30 last much longer, while not collapsing or cracking. Due to high-quality raw materials, these boards can work in fairly "harsh conditions" of the environment. So the average design temperature in winter can reach up to -40 degrees. The slabs are placed on a special sand and gravel bedding, which makes it possible to exclude the detrimental effect of the alkaline environment of soils on the products.

have a slight corrugation on the surface, so asphalt or other coating can be laid on top. The uneven surface provides good adhesion of materials. Since chloride salts are actively used during icing of the roadway, rectangular slabs must undergo special chemical treatment, which significantly increases performance. Modern methods of processing building materials make it possible to obtain heavy-duty and wear-resistant products.

3. Designation of product marking.

Mark rectangular slabs 1P 30-18-30 according to GOST 21924.2-84. The main designation includes a number of parameters:

1. P - rectangular plate;

2. The main marking, by which the purpose of the product is determined, is the first digit, 1 - for permanent roads;

4. The last digit indicates the design load, incl.

Overall dimensions of the plate3000x1750x170 , where the designations correspond to the length, width and height of the product. The geometric volume is -0,8925 , product weight - 2200 . Volume of concrete - 0,88 .

The marking is applied to the side face of the slab element with a special black paint. Additionally, indicate the date of manufacture of the batch, the trademark of the manufacturer and the total mass of the plate.

4. Basic materials for manufacturing and their characteristics.

All rectangular slabs 1P 30-18-30 produced by vibrocompression. The main raw material is Portland cement. To obtain higher performance, fine-grained sand and crushed gravel are used. Heavy concrete grade for strength M300, which corresponds to the strength class - B22.5 and B30. In addition, the requirements for the brand of frost resistance and water resistance must be met.1P 30-18-30 must withstand 200 freeze-thaw cycles. In terms of water resistance, concrete must comply with the W4 grade. Such characteristics make it possible to obtain durable and reliable reinforced concrete slabs.

Reinforcement 1P 30-18-30 guarantees that the product will not break and will not sell through. As reinforcement, prestressed rods with a corrugated surface of class A-I, At-ShS, A-III welded into 2 meshes - type C1 and C2 are used, metal frames are placed above and below. Additionally, mounting loops are laid under the collet grip. All steel elements are subjected to anti-corrosion treatment, which increases the reliability and service life of finished products.

Reinforced concrete road plate 1P 30-18-30 It is a flat rectangular slab of reinforced concrete. The main task of the 1P30-18 road slab is to ensure the reliability of the road surface, both temporary and permanent. The number "1" before marking the slab just indicates that the slab is intended for permanent, not temporary use, and, accordingly, has higher strength characteristics compared to 2P slabs. The load that such a slab can withstand depends on the brand of concrete from which this product is made. The higher the grade, the stronger and more resistant to deformation the pavement made of slabs.

Despite the fact that this is a very convenient material, strong and practical, each type of plate, and there are several types of them, has its own operating limitations. If oversized and heavy vehicles often pass over road slabs, slabs of the 1P 30-18-30 type are gradually destroyed. In such cases, it is better to use a slab with prestressed reinforcement and a higher grade of concrete 1P 30-18-30. Before installing the stove, it is necessary to consider how much weight and how often it will have to be carried.

Another undoubted advantage of all road slabs 1p 30.18.30 consists in the fact that they are subject to repacking and can be used repeatedly at different objects. Therefore, it is not uncommon to find offers for the sale of bu road slabs. That is why road slabs are increasingly used for the construction of a temporary access road, simply pave the road, pre-level the ground and install a sand cushion for laying reinforced concrete. The road immediately becomes usable. As there is no need for a temporary path, the slabs can be disassembled and relocated.

As you know, when laying roads, builders must strictly observe the technologies that have been tested over the years. It is impossible to neglect these standards, shortcomings can result in additional costs. Initially, the ground must be leveled, all potholes leveled and ditches filled up. Then the leveled soil is covered with a layer of sand, better than quarry sand, it is easier to compact than river sand, it spreads less and it is less dusty. The sand is pressed by a roller so that the sand cushion becomes absolutely even. All irregularities must be leveled before laying the slabs.

The mounting loops of the road slab have two functions: they are used to load and unload the slabs. 1 p 30x18x30, as well as these loops are welded with special equipment, this will prevent the road slabs from moving apart and the formation of cracks in the road surface. The seams are treated with concrete mortar if necessary to obtain a perfectly smooth road. If the slabs must remain in place for a longer time, then they can be rolled up with asphalt on top, it will protect the reinforced concrete from the aggressive influence of the external environment. If reinforced concrete slabs for road pavement are laid on bare ground without a sand cushion, then such a coating will last no more than a couple of seasons and the road will have to be repaired again, that is, all the work will have to be done from scratch. Reinforced concrete products must be manufactured strictly according to the technologies, then the quality of the road will be optimal.

Reinforced concrete is an ideal material for construction, it combines the strength of concrete and stressed steel. Road slabs have a huge advantage over other building materials, and they are expressed in reliability, durability and relatively low cost. They withstand regular stress and do not lose their qualities over time. If the road involves the passage of large vehicles, then it is impossible to do without a coating of reinforced concrete road slabs 1p-30-18. Such a road is mounted quickly enough and immediately after the completion of construction it is ready for operation.

Plates can be made in any required dimensions, so the implementation of the most daring engineering solutions is quite real. The production of plates involves their reinforcement, in some cases even with prestressed steel rods, so they are able to withstand any type of possible load.

The reinforced structure is poured with heavy concrete, which guarantees frost resistance, water resistance, strength and long service life. These plates are often used in quarrying, for the construction of forest roads on which heavy equipment travels. Such roads can be operated up to minus forty degrees and serve for a sufficiently long period, after which they can be dismantled and the slabs reused. They will not lose their original qualities.

Reinforced concrete road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads are massive shaped structures. One of the planes of the plate, directly in contact with the wheels of vehicles, is corrugated to achieve effective adhesion to the wheels of vehicles. Corrugation of road slabs is achieved by pouring concrete into a pallet, the bottom of which has a rhombic corrugation with a depth of at least 1 - 1.2 mm. After compaction of the concrete mixture at the manufacturing plant, the surface of the road slab is processed using nylon brushes or tarpaulin tape in order to obtain a rough working surface.

Being extremely important structural elements, 1P30-18-30 road slabs for urban road surfaces are made exclusively from medium-density heavy concrete reinforced with steel rod meshes. Frost resistance and water resistance are increased with the help of plasticizing and air-entraining additives. The use of high-quality road slabs can be repeated, as used concrete slabs do not lose their characteristics.

Reinforced concrete road slabs 1P30-18-30 are made for covering urban roads as follows: two grids of reinforcement are placed in a greased form, which is then poured with concrete mortar. To obtain concrete of increased rigidity, the content of water and cement in the concrete mixture is reduced. As the solution is filled, the solution is compacted by vibration to obtain a product of increased density. The manufacturing process is completed by heating in a heat chamber. The service life of concrete slabs is increased by adding special fillers from granite or limestone crushed stone to the concrete structure.

In modern construction, road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads are replacing asphalt pavement. This is due to the obvious advantages of reinforced concrete products:

• Excellent operational qualities: durability and lack of need for repair. Concrete roads have a service life of more than forty years, while asphalt roads wear out within ten years. Moreover, while in service, concrete slabs do not need the regular maintenance that paved roads require;
• The ability to withstand significant loads. Concrete, equipped with steel reinforcement, is by far the most durable building material, therefore, unlike asphalt, road slabs do not deform under the weight of vehicles driven over them;
• The strength of concrete gives road slabs another important advantage: resistance to temperature extremes and precipitation. Unlike asphalt roads, concrete roads are not damaged or destroyed by extreme conditions that can be caused by precipitation: heavy rains, heavy snowfall, extremely high or low temperatures;
• Vehicles driving on a concrete road consume 15-20% less fuel than when driving on an asphalt road. This is due to the fact that the road of concrete slabs is not deformed under the wheels of vehicles;
• The lower fuel consumption of vehicles when driving on a concrete road leads to the conclusion that the use of concrete slabs in road construction is more environmentally sound. In addition, when paving roads with asphalt, severe air pollution occurs (the main component of asphalt, bitumen, is produced from natural derivatives of oil);
• Ease and high speed of laying concrete slabs. When using reinforced concrete road slabs, there is no need to wait several weeks until the road construction is completed - the coating can be used immediately after construction is completed. There is no need for heavy asphalt paving equipment;
• Versatility is the main difference between road construction by laying reinforced concrete slabs. It is possible to lay plates on almost any soil, which cannot be said about asphalting. When using concrete slabs, there is no need to prepare the base;
• Saving natural resources: asphalt (bitumen) is produced from oil, the reserves of which are declining, concrete (cement) - from available limestone.

In order to obtain high-quality road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads, it is necessary to take into account a number of other parameters during the production process that directly affect the characteristics of concrete and finished products: quality, composition, humidity, temperature and other properties of the components, compliance with the sequence their mixing, the quality and time of mixing, the use of appropriate fittings, the introduction of the necessary additives to obtain the desired characteristics, the compaction of concrete by vibration.

Reinforced concrete road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads are made mainly with mounting loops. Less often, plates are made with grooves for loopless mounting or holes for collets.

Road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads must meet the requirements of GOST 13015.0:

• according to the indicators of the actual strength of concrete (at the design age, vacation and transfer age);
• to the quality of materials used for the preparation of concrete;
• to the quality of reinforcing and embedded products and their position in the slab;
• by grades of reinforcing steel;
• by steel grades for embedded products and mounting loops;
• by the deviation of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement.

Road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads should not have sags on the surface exceeding 10-15 mm either in depth or in diameter. The absence of cracks or their parameters are strictly controlled, in cases where their small number is allowed. Only slight deviations of the linear dimensions of the products are allowed.

Special conditions are also imposed for the storage and transportation of road slabs. Slabs must be stored and transported in the working position. Road slabs 1P30-18-30 for covering urban roads should be stored in piles sorted by batches. In this case, the height of the stack should be no more than 2.0 m. The lower row of slabs in the stack should be laid on a dense, carefully leveled base on pads located at the places where the slabs are lifted. The thickness of the pads should be at least 100 mm for a soil foundation, and at least 50 mm for a rigid foundation.

Rectangular reinforced concrete slab for pavement of urban roads ( 1P 30.18-30 ) – a high-strength heavy concrete slab with strong reinforcement, designed for prefabricated pavement of permanent and temporary city roads. The rectangular slab is designed for H-30 and H-10 car loads (vehicle tonnage).

Production standards and parameters of a rectangular slab for urban roads are enshrined in GOST 21924.1 (2) -84 and GOST 21924.2-84.

The traditional material for the production of heavy-duty slabs is heavy concrete with a density of 2500 kg/m3 (compressive strength class B30 and B22.5). This durable, wear-resistant cement concrete has proven itself for many years as a material for road bases and pavements. The working (upper) surface of the road slab is corrugated to improve bonding with asphalt applied on top and improve traction with vehicle wheels. Road slabs of small length (up to 3 meters) are produced unstressed. Reinforced reinforcement of the slab 1P 30.18.30 is made with unstressed reinforcement from steel of class A-I, At-ShS, A-III welded into 2 meshes located above and below. Such reinforcement significantly increases not only the strength, but also the weight of the product up to 2200 kg.

Concrete grade for frost resistance and water resistance of a rectangular road slab (for temperatures up to minus 40 ° C) for permanent roads - F200 and W4, for temporary roads - F150 and W2.

The road plate has mounting loops located along the end faces (the loops do not protrude beyond the working surface of the plate edge), but upon agreement with the customer, plates with holes for collets or grooves for loopless mounting can be manufactured.

Unlike asphalt, a rectangular slab can be used at design temperatures down to minus 40 °C. At the same time, the concrete slab is ready for operation immediately - in different weather, at any time of the year. Currently, the slabs are undergoing anti-corrosion treatment, since when using chloride salts to combat icing, road slabs are under severe operating conditions.

Product marking

Plates according to their purpose are divided into two types:

• 1 - for permanent roads;
• 2 - for temporary roads;

The brand of a rectangular slab consists of alphanumeric groups separated by a hyphen. The first group contains the type designation of the slab (1 or 2) and its rounded dimensions in decimeters (length and width) and the estimated vehicle load in tons.

As an example, consider a rectangular slab of brand 1P 30.18-30 (3000x1750x170 mm), where:

• Number - type intended for roads;
• P - the shape of the plate (rectangular);
• Length and width in dm;
• Letters - reinforcement class.

The marking must be present on the side and end face of each road slab, along with the weight and date of manufacture of the product.

Product quality control

As in other reinforced concrete products, there should not be more than 5 cracks in the concrete of road slabs per 1.5 m2 of the slab surface (permissible crack length 50 mm, width - 0.1 mm.). The basis for rejecting the product is even a slight exposure of the reinforcement, since during operation such areas will lead to rapid corrosion and destruction of the product.

The geometric parameters of the road slab 1P 30.18.30 should not deviate from the design ones by more than ±10 mm in length, ±4 mm in width and 10 mm in straightness (for temporary road slabs, the maximum deviation indicators are less strict). Release strength of concrete - 70% of the design, in winter - 90%.

The corrugation of the surface of the road slab is a clear rhombic pattern, without rims, at least 1.0 mm deep and has a rough surface.

Sinks and sagging of concrete on the working side of the road rectangular slab should not be more than 15 mm. The dimensions of shells, local sags and concrete surroundings of the slab surface should not exceed 10 mm. on the working surface, 20 mm on the non-working surface.

On the acceptance tests control the following parameters of rectangular road slabs:

• concrete strength (class of concrete in terms of compressive strength, tempering strength);
• conformity of reinforcing and embedded products;
• the location of the reinforcement and the tension of the prestressing reinforcement;
• strength of welded joints;
• the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement;
• accuracy of geometric parameters;
• quality of concrete surfaces.

A batch of road slabs P must accompany technical certificate, which specifies:

• brand of concrete for strength and its average density;
• release strength of concrete and actual release density of concrete;
• brand of concrete for frost resistance and water resistance;
• water absorption of concrete;
• date of manufacture of plates.

Storage and transportation

It is recommended to transport and store road rectangular slabs, like many other reinforced concrete products, in horizontal stacks. The height of the stack should not exceed 2 meters to avoid loss of stability. In warehouses, slabs for city roads should be sorted by brands and lots. The bottom row of road slabs in a stack is laid on a dense, carefully leveled base. Gaskets are laid between rectangular reinforced concrete slabs and under them with a soil base with a thickness of at least 100 mm, and with a rigid base - at least 50 mm.

When loading and transporting, care should be taken to exclude the possibility of damage to the road slabs. Therefore, it is not allowed to subject the plates during unloading to dropping, shocks and shocks.

Laying of road slabs

Road slabs according to the nature of bearing on the base are divided into:

• on smooth ones with continuous support on the base by a flat surface;
• with edge boards resting on the base with the entire surface, and boards cutting into the base to full height;
• on coffered and ribbed, resting on the base with a ribbed surface;
• on finely ribbed;
• on lattice, resting on the base not only with the lower surface of the elements of the lattice, but when filling the plates with dense material and inclined side faces of the holes;
• on slabs, additionally supported by edges or corners on linings at the base.

It is not recommended to install road slab on the ground without a carefully compacted sand cushion. If the subbase is not made of sand, then the life of the plates will be significantly reduced. Roads based on road slabs are immediately ready for use. When laying, it is worth considering the presence of expansion joints and compression joints, which are filled with elastic mastics. Subject to the rules of laying and permissible loads, such a coating will last for many years.