Mixed type of temperament: description, characteristics

Are you sanguine, melancholic, choleric, or phlegmatic? The article will tell you in detail about all types of temperaments.

Each person has a unique identity from the moment of birth. Any nurse working in a maternity hospital can confirm this: all newborns behave differently: one toddler sleeps twenty-two hours a day, the other, violating all the rules of behavior for “normal” babies, stays awake for a long time, interestedly and carefully examining those bending over him adults, the third does not allow you to forget about yourself for a second, uttering piercing cries ...

These differences, thanks to which already in the first days of life Masha cannot be confused with Dasha, and Petya with Serezha, are nothing but a manifestation of temperament. The attitude of parents, upbringing, life experience will further influence how these softly sniffling (or loudly screaming) convolutions will grow up, but the temperament will remain more or less unchanged "factory setting".

Temperament is a manifestation of the type of the nervous system in human activity, individually psychological characteristics of a person, in which the mobility of his nervous processes, their strength, balance are expressed.

We have already written a little about temperament in the article "", here we will try to cover this topic in more detail.

The doctrine of different types of temperament has a long history. The founder of this doctrine is the great ancient Greek physician and scientist Hippocrates. According to this pundit, four types of fluids (juices) circulate in the human body: blood, yellow bile, black bile and mucus (phlegm).

Each of them has its own special properties, and in each person these four "juices" are combined in the body in a certain proportion. This combination determines the characteristics of the body's activity, as well as its tendency to certain diseases. And besides, on how exactly the four fluids are combined and which of them prevails, the characteristics of human behavior also depend.

The names of the four types identified by Hippocrates appeared, however, several centuries later, as well as their detailed psychological descriptions. What Hippocrates called the Greek word "krasis" ("mixing"), in ancient Rome began to be called the Latin word temperamentum ("proper ratio of parts, proportion").

The Roman physician Galen created the first detailed classification of temperaments. , which was based on the idea of mixing four liquids. However, in Galen's classification there were as many as thirteen types (including four hippocratic ones). According to Galen, the predominance of yellow bile (lat. chole) in the body determines the choleric temperament, blood (sanguis) - sanguine, mucus (phlegma) - phlegmatic, and black bile (melanoschole) - meloncholic. Actually, Galen's psychological description of these four types was not detailed, but over time it expanded and became more and more detailed.

You are probably very familiar with these terms themselves - choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic - and at least their approximate meaning.

Do not miss the fundamental article on a different approach to the study of personality typology - "". Highly recommended for reading.

The information below will surely seem interesting to you even if you can easily distinguish a sanguine person from a choleric person. After all, it is important not only to know exactly how these types “look”.

In practical life, it will not be superfluous to understand what are the strengths and weaknesses of different types of temperament, what is psychologically comfortable for them, and what, on the contrary, can cause stress. This information is useful both for introspection and for greater confidence in relationships with other people. Let's add one more thing: in the past, many attempts were made in psychology to connect the psychological characteristics of temperaments with certain types of physical structure (human constitution). Strictly speaking, no reliable evidence of such a relationship could be built. And yet we will give the appropriate descriptions of the "typical" appearance of choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic.

For the sake of curiosity, you can try on these descriptions for yourself and your friends - perhaps a grain of truth will still be found in them?

choleric temperament

If we talk about a person that he has an "explosive temperament", then we undoubtedly mean choleric . This is a tornado man, a walking grenade with a pulled pin. He can’t even sleep at peace - and anyone who is next to him will also have to forget about calm and stability.

The reserves of energy possessed by the choleric are amazing. It seems that he manages to be in several places at once and do a variety of things at the same time. Choleric at work is a whirlwind and fireworks. It seems that in his stormy social activities he should have spent at least part of the charge, but no: returning from work in the evening, he does not enter, but bursts into the house and during the dinner, which he absorbs, without sitting down on a chair for a second, manages to report family about everything that happened to him during the day, pour out a whole mountain of plans for the coming weekend, vacation and next Christmas, ask a hundred questions and answer them - and, we emphasize, all this happens out of order, but simultaneously! How he succeeds - only the happy owner of the "explosive temperament" knows.

With all this, the choleric is extremely purposeful. He instantly (but how else?) makes decisions and rushes to their execution at full speed. Because of the breathtaking speed with which he thinks, speaks and acts, because of his desire to be in time everywhere and everywhere, one may get the impression that he is an uncollected, frivolous and inattentive person. But that's not the case at all. The choleric person forms his goals not only very quickly, but also very clearly. He may, of course, not have enough time to devote others to his plans, but he himself knows perfectly well what exactly he is striving for.

Communication with choleric people is often difficult because they do not recognize any compromises and are generally prone to a contrasting perception of the world - only black and only white, no shades and halftones! For the sake of a loved one, a choleric person, without hesitation, will go into fire and into water, but he also demands the same from the object of his feelings. It is not reason that leads him through life, but passion, and passion, as you know, is blind. Calm, reasonable arguments, unhurried development of relations are unacceptable for him.

Portrait of a choleric

excitable, impulsive; energetic, decisive, purposeful, persistent; straightforward, demanding, prone to maximalism, uncompromising; pragmatic, selectively sociable.

How to communicate with a choleric:

1. if he yells at you, remember: he is not really yelling at all, but just talking like that;

2. if during the conversation the interlocutor-choleric slammed his fist on the table several times, threw a lighter on the floor, stamped his foot - this does not mean at all that further dialogue with him is impossible; You need to relieve the pressure somehow!

3. if you need anything from him, tell him about it immediately, frankly and clearly: long “preparation of the ground”, hints and verbose introductions that precede the conversation on the merits, deprive him of the last remnants of patience and infuriate him earlier than you finally have time to speak;

4. to deceive a choleric person (even over trifles) is life-threatening! He himself is practically incapable of lying and does not forgive deceit and insincerity to his loved ones;

5. remember, believe and reconcile: he cannot sit in one place for a long time, talk about one thing for a long time, "show patience" and "control himself." He will always react with irritation to being late, slowness, monotony and will never stop waving his arms and running around the room during an important conversation...

6. But if you do not deceive his trust, you will show sincere attention and interest to him, and even better - approval and even admiration, he will apply all his fantastic energy and outstanding creative abilities to achieve your common goals.

Advantages and disadvantages

Choleric people usually achieve the greatest success in all areas related to communication: the “human factor” is of particular importance for a choleric person due to his increased emotionality. Choleric does not get tired of countless conversations, on the contrary, the emotions and attitudes of others energize him. Of course, the violent disposition of the choleric often causes conflicts, but the choleric, carried away by some business or idea, is always ready to neglect his personal interests in favor of the common good - it is unacceptable for him only to remain in the shadows and inactive.

The unpredictability and impulsiveness of a choleric person can turn out to be, depending on the situation, both a strong and a weak side: he can do not at all what was expected of him, but it’s the choleric people who speak out! idea generators, because they are not afraid of novelty and are able to see the problem from a completely new perspective before others.

Choleric easily and quickly adapts to new conditions, switches from one task to another. But with the formation of stable skills and the ability to perform routine work, to act according to approved instructions, things are much worse for him. Giving out brilliant new ideas, the choleric quickly loses interest in them and is not inclined to carefully work them out, bringing them to perfection.

"Typical" appearance

Thin, often even fragile, long arms and legs, narrow chest, protruding joints; the skull is slightly cone-shaped, tapering upwards, a pointed chin, a slightly developed or oblique lower jaw, a “protruding” nose - rather long, pointed.

Personalities A. S. Pushkin, A. V. Suvorov

Sanguine temperament

Sanguine - Everyone's favorites: sociable, cheerful and immensely charming. They often say about such people: “A surprisingly easy person!” But the ease of sanguine people is not only their advantage, but also a certain disadvantage. You feel quite happy, basking in the rays of his smile ... until you discover that exactly the same, warm and sincere smile can be addressed to your cat, and to all your friends and acquaintances, and to the cashier in a department store, and to an electrician who came to fix the wiring - in a word, to any living creature that falls into the field of view of this glorious lover of life.

It is almost impossible to ruin a relationship with a sanguine person. In response to all your reproaches, he will smile and laugh it off, advise you "not to take such nonsense into your head" and nullify any attempts to talk seriously. And the point, of course, is not that he is stupid or indifferent. He just always strives for balance and above all puts emotional comfort. If necessary, he is able to show remarkable diplomatic skills, but his goal is always the same: for everything to be fine.

Theoretically, this position is very attractive and quite worthy, there is only one problem: if a sanguine person is convinced that very serious efforts are required to maintain harmony, he will most likely go looking for this "good" somewhere else. Unlike the choleric, the sanguine easily switches from one goal to another and is not inclined to make sacrifices.

Portrait of a sanguine

Sincere, open, sociable, talkative; optimistic, cheerful, emotional; ready for compromises, easily switches from one problem to another; plastic, able to adapt, enterprising.

How to communicate with a sanguine person

1. Don't expect to get exclusive ownership of his charming smile and attentive, interested attitude;

2. a sanguine person feels especially good if everyone likes it without exception; be prepared for his almost unconscious desire to charm everyone and everyone;

3. in general, maintaining good relations with a sanguine person is quite simple, since he always votes for world peace and is ready to make concessions in order to maintain harmony, but you should not abuse this: he will not stand boredom, routine and indifference;

4. do not demand depth, strong emotional involvement from a sanguine person - he prefers comfort. He not only loves, but also knows how to create it, and with due appreciation by others, this talent will manifest itself in full.

Advantages and disadvantages

Sanguine people are distinguished by good switchability from one thing to another, high efficiency. A sanguine person who is carried away by business does not pay attention to external interference and irritants, quickly develops and retains the necessary new skills and abilities for a long time - but where energetic strong-willed efforts or careful monotonous work are required, sanguine people often lose to choleric and phlegmatic people.

As for choleric people, the most significant for sanguine people is the "human factor". Therefore, the optimal areas of activity for them are everything related to communication. A sanguine person can win over, convince, charm. But the role of a strong leader, as a rule, he succeeds worse.

"Typical" appearance

Short stature, rounded shape, tendency to be overweight, short limbs, wide and convex chest; round head, nose "potato", "duck" or snub-nosed, short thick neck.

Personalities M. Yu. Lermontov, Napoleon Bonaparte

Phlegmatic temperament

At first sight, phlegmatic person The ego is the exact opposite of a choleric person. On closer examination, the owners of these temperaments reveal many similarities. This is, above all, their perseverance and desire to always achieve their goal. The only difference is the speed with which they do it. If the choleric person always overcomes obstacles in his path “with a swoop”, swiftly and recklessly, then the phlegmatic person acts very slowly and carefully, carefully weighing all the pros and cons before that. Plans never "arise" in his head, he painstakingly builds them, then bears them for a long time, and only then, having prayed and rolled up his sleeves, he proceeds to implement them.

The phlegmatic is not a warrior, but a creator. He is very peaceful, or at least too passive to enter into conflict. But this does not mean that he will obey all the requirements of those around him: in stubbornness, phlegmatic people surpass, perhaps, representatives of any other temperament. If you express your dissatisfaction with his actions and try to change his plans, he will not argue and bicker with you - he will simply silently and persistently continue to follow the chosen path.

It is very difficult to get a phlegmatic out of himself, and we do not advise you to even try to do this: if your attempt is successful, then this “success” will not only be the first, but also the last - an angry phlegmatic will not leave you even a wet spot. Slow and complacent, awkward and a little funny phlegmatic in a state of rage is transformed beyond recognition; he will simply crush the one who dared to disturb his peace. Fortunately, it is almost impossible to bring a phlegmatic person to such a state.

Phlegmatic portrait

Closed, reserved, silent; peaceful, reliable, constant; slow, conforming; purposeful, patient, persistent, stubborn, pragmatic.

How to communicate with a phlegmatic

1. do not demand quick decisions and actions from him - the speed of reactions is completely inaccessible to him. This is a biological property, and not laziness, absent-mindedness, or anything else of the same kind. All meetings and events in which the phlegmatic takes part should be planned taking into account this peculiarity;

2. In the same way, be sure to notify him of all your plans ahead of time: he needs time not only to get ready for a visit, but also in order to generally get used to the idea of an upcoming visit. Phlegmatic people do not tolerate any suddenness;

3. never try to "re-educate" him. This should not be done at all with anyone and never, but with phlegmatic people such behavior is especially unacceptable. If a sanguine person has a very developed ability to adapt to the requirements of others, and a choleric person can, at least, be interested and captivated by something extraordinary, then a phlegmatic person recognizes only his choice and his path. At best, you will waste your time and energy trying to convince him, and at worst (if your claims against him reach a certain critical mass), you will provoke an explosion of indescribable power.

Advantages and disadvantages

The phlegmatic is the most efficient of all types of temperaments, and the productivity of his labor is the highest. Damage to this remarkable performance can be a frequent change in working conditions, the inconsistency of the requirements. The need to make decisions quickly puts the phlegmatic in a very uncomfortable position, but this does not mean at all that he can only be good as a performer. Where it is required to maintain stable processes (rather than looking for new opportunities), a reliable and confident phlegmatic person can do an excellent job in leadership work.

"Typical" - appearance

A dense, strongly built figure, a massive build, well-developed muscles, arms and legs are short or medium in length, often a tendency to be overweight, a short and wide chest; wide angular skull, large nose, short neck.

Personalities M. I. Kutuzov, I. A. Krylov

Melancholic temperament

Melancholy - Creatures are extremely vulnerable. Perhaps getting along with melancholics is more difficult than with anyone else. Although, at first glance, many of the “problematic” features of other temperaments are absent in their character: they, unlike choleric people, are not “explosive” at all, they have neither the boundless stubbornness and slowness of phlegmatic people, nor the desire to squander their smiles and constantly change hobbies , so characteristic of sanguine people. Soft, submissive, touching melancholics are truly "white and fluffy"...

And yet, it is precisely the establishment of relations with a melancholic that can become a serious test for you. The fact is that the melancholic almost always feels deeply unhappy. He has very low self-esteem, he is extremely insecure, full of all sorts of fears and anxieties. He probably has poor health, and even if there are no real diseases, he will definitely find a whole bunch of imaginary diseases in himself. The melancholic is ready to be offended or upset because of any trifle (perhaps even existing only in his imagination). It always seems to him that he is not loved, not appreciated, not given enough attention to him. And is it any wonder if all the people around are so good, interesting, attractive, and only he, poor, unfortunate, has not distinguished himself in anything, does not shine in anything, is not capable of anything - and so on ad infinitum.

It must be said that such a dismissive attitude of the melancholic towards himself is completely unjustified. Yes, he really does not have a lot of energy; according to the “strength of nervous processes” parameter, three types of temperament are classified as “strong”, and only melancholic is characterized as “weak”. But melancholics also have a lot of advantages. Due to the fact that they constantly listen to their own feelings and sensations, they willy-nilly learn to feel other people.

The melancholic, like no one else, knows how to understand, sympathize and console. In the complex world of human feelings, experiences and emotions, he navigates with his eyes closed. He is afraid to act, but thinks a lot. Sensitivity and well-developed intuition are very characteristic of melancholic people. And, finally, they often have an almost impeccable taste and are sincere connoisseurs of beauty.

Portrait of a melancholic

Timid, shy, insecure; does not know how to adapt, quickly gets tired; romantic, sensitive; anxious, vulnerable.

How to communicate with a melancholic

1. always take into account his emotional weakness and instability: these are not whims or a manifestation of a bad character, but features of the functioning of the nervous system, and nothing can be done about it;

2. praise, encourage and support him as often as possible - the melancholic needs this more than anyone else. At the same time, in no case do not invent merits or achievements that are actually not even in sight: a sensitive melancholic instantly recognizes insincerity. Just pay close attention to what he says and does, and you will definitely notice something that really deserves praise;

3. be prepared for the fact that you will never be able to completely change the self-esteem of a melancholic, making it consistently high, no matter how much effort you make. But if you constantly show him your attention and sincere interest, his self-confidence will still gradually increase;

4. do not reproach him for constant complaints, but also do not overreact to them; a melancholic will always find something to complain about and something to worry about, but you cannot plunge into the abyss of his despair with him. By doing this, you will not help him and significantly harm your own emotional health.

Advantages and disadvantages

Melancholics are often distinguished by high mental abilities, but they manifest themselves very unstable. This is due to significant emotional mobility: a melancholic quickly grasps a new one, but weakness and instability lead to the fact that just as quickly learned can be lost.

Emotional overload is contraindicated for melancholics, the sphere of interpersonal relationships is not their element, despite a well-developed intuition: too much stress. But intellectual work that does not require constant communication is what you need: a melancholic can perfectly analyze, design, plan, and easily cope with large amounts of information.

"Typical" appearance

Fragility of appearance, thinness, long thin arms and legs, narrow flat or concave chest, thin waist and relatively broad shoulders and hips; the skull tapers downwards, the forehead is high, the chin is sharp, the lower jaw is weak, the posterior is long and often pointed.

Personalities P. I. Tchaikovsky, N. V. Gogol

Having familiarized yourself with the portraits of the four types of temperament, you may have doubted: it seems that some features are very reminiscent of yourself or your friends, but exactly none of the people you know fit the descriptions presented.

There is nothing surprising here. There are no “pure” choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic people in the world, we can only talk about the predominance of one of the types. Features characteristic of a type can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent. It was not in vain that we began the story with ancient history: remember, the very word "temperament" means "mixing parts."

So, traits of all types are mixed in each of us, but the proportion in which this cocktail is composed determines the characteristics of reactions and behavior.

At the moment, psychological science has gone much further in the study of the personal characteristics of each person. After all, it is impossible to simply take and divide all people on the planet into four groups, so modern researchers have gone much further - in our time, there are many so-called psychological types of a person or personality psychotypes, in the determination of which a huge number of factors are taken into account, and not only temperament or character.

An even more modern direction is an individual approach to determining the type of personality. Read more in the article "".

We also cannot fail to draw your attention to the unique psychological testing presented in the analytical module "Personality" on our portal, which combines a multifaceted analysis of your individual characteristics, character, temperament, and abilities. Read more.

Types of human temperament are given to us from birth, and temperament, unlike character, practically does not change.
(see description of temperaments)
It would be nice to know types of human temperament to better understand yourself and interact with others. Eysenck personality questionnaire
To get acquainted with the types of human temperament, and understand their essence, this post is dedicated.

Types of human temperament - the essence of the matter

Temperament is the individual characteristics of a person that determine the dynamics (mobility) of his mental activity and behavior.

A drop of history: for the first time, types of human temperament began to be distinguished by Hippocrates, he noticed that different people perform the same work in different ways (at different speeds, tempos). And he deduced four types of human temperament, naming them in accordance with the four body fluids: “sangwe - blood” (now - sanguine - alive); "chole - bile" (now - choleric - energetic, passionate); "melainhole" - black bile (now - melancholic - closed, prone to deep feelings) and "phlegm" - mucus (now - phlegmatic - calm, slow).

I.P. Pavlov gives a more scientific justification for the types of human temperament, referring them to higher nervous activity. I will not go into details of the physiological basis of human temperament, because experts know, but ordinary people probably do not need it. I will only say that Pavlov divided the nervous system into a strong type and a weak one. And hence, the strong type is balanced, and the strong type is unbalanced (choleric), and the balanced is divided into mobile (sanguine) and inert (phlegmatic). The weak type, respectively, is melancholic. From the outside, it may seem that some types of human temperament are superior to others, however, this is not at all the case.

Bad and good temperaments do not exist, just each type of human temperament is good or bad for a particular type of activity. For example: a choleric person with his mobility and endless energy will be able to work where a phlegmatic person with his slowness will be difficult, and vice versa.
Therefore, when choosing a profession, it is so necessary to know your type of temperament.

Human temperament

Nowadays, types of human temperament are determined by various tests: for example, Cattell's personality theory, but today we will consider the theory of Hans Jurgen Eysenck, which is currently the most popular and in demand in identifying the type of human temperament.
Hans Jurgen Eysenck considered the structure of personality consisting of two factors:

1)
extrovert- turning a person outward;
Introvert- turning a person inward.

An extroverted personality is a person who is outward-facing, sociable, having a wide circle of acquaintances and a need for contacts.

Extroverts include two types of human temperament: sanguine and choleric, depending on its inherent neuroticism, an extroverted person acts on the spur of the moment, impulsive, quick-tempered, carefree, optimistic, good-natured, cheerful.

Feelings and emotions do not have strict control, prone to risky actions. You can't always rely on an extrovert. He chooses movement and action, can be aggressive.

An introverted person is a person who is calm, shy, introverted, prone to introspection.

Introverts also include two types of human temperament − phlegmatic person and melancholic, depending on the neuroticism.

An introvert is reserved and distant from everyone except close friends. Plans and considers his actions in advance, distrusts sudden urges, takes decisions seriously, likes everything in order.

2) neuroticism- speaks of the emotional stability or instability (stability, instability) of a person (emotion management).

Neuroticism is expressed in extreme nervousness, instability, poor adaptation (adaptation to the situation), a tendency to quickly change moods (lability), feelings of guilt and anxiety, anxiety, depressive reactions, absent-mindedness, instability in stressful situations.

In people with high neuroticism in adverse stressful situations can develop neurosis.

Simply put, if, after passing the Eysenck test, you show up on a scale extra inversion higher 12 points and scale neuroticism below 13 points, then your temperament type is sanguine.

If you have a level on the scale extra introversion higher 12 points and on a scale neuroticism also above 12 points, then your type of temperament, of course - choleric.

And if your level on the scale extra introversion below 13 points and on a scale neuroticism also below 13 points, then your type of human temperament is phlegmatic person.

Well, the fourth type of human temperament, when you have a level on the scale extra introversion below 13 points and on a scale neuroticism higher 12 points, then your type of temperament, respectively - melancholic.

Hans Eysenck considered another (third) factor in the structure of a person's personality - psychotism, by which one can identify a person's tendency to antisocial behavior, pretentiousness, inadequacy of emotional reactions, high conflict, selfishness and indifference.

I wish you all psychological well-being!

Temperament runs like a red thread through the whole existence of a person: his character, mental reactions, demeanor, way of expressing feelings. It is temperament that is the fundamental principle in mental activity and overall performance. This innate feature begins to manifest itself already in infancy. Some children are calm, cheerful. Others are whiny, nervous.

How do choleric and sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic manifest themselves? The characteristic of temperament is necessary for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of human nature. It will help to get to know and understand people better, their hidden motives, fears, feelings.

Temperament types

Temperament is an innate component of all mental and physiological reactions of a person. Thanks to him, character, individual characteristics are formed. Depending on the country of residence, temperament can be more or less pronounced. For example, the people of the northern countries do not show their feelings and emotions so actively, while the peoples of the southern regions are very temperamental and hot.

According to the classification of Claudius Galen, there are 4 types of temperament. These are choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. Characteristics of temperaments, their names correspond to fluids in the human body.

Hippocrates was the first to notice this system. He suggested that the predominance of black bile in the body leads to melancholy. From the word "sangva" (blood) the term "sanguine" appeared, from "hole" (yellow, bile) - "choleric". From the word "phlegm" (mucus) came the concept of "phlegmatic", from "melanin" (black bile) - "melancholic".

Who is a melancholic

Part of the personality, laid down by nature from birth, is what temperament is. The melancholic type is prone to deep pessimism. Vulnerability, exaggeration of their grievances and problems leads to the avoidance of human society. The melancholic is closed from everyone, tries to stay alone faster and indulge in his dreams and experiences.

You should know that in nature there are practically no pure types of temperament. All of them are present in one way or another in the psychophysical reactions of a person. But one type always prevails over others. It is considered the leading temperament of a person. It can be determined by passing a special psychological test. Melancholic is characterized by emotional instability and a tendency to introversion.

Thanks to the knowledge of your psychotype, you can choose a comfortable lifestyle, profession. Melancholic is a deep, meaningful person. He is capable of monotonous work, avoids large crowds of people. Prefers communication with a limited circle of relatives, friends and relatives.

Melancholic character

The temperament of a person gives speed, balance of mental reactions, states. But the intellect, interests, abilities and inclinations, business qualities are developed by the person himself. Therefore, it is possible to form a character, but it is almost impossible to correct temperament. The mental reactions of the melancholic quickly turn on and slowly slow down.

Character traits are formed gradually, based on temperament. Lifestyle, the presence of communicative qualities develop as the personality develops. The melancholic, whose characteristic speaks of emotional vulnerability, susceptibility, loves to engage in introspection. He experiences his failures, negative moments of life for a long time.

melancholic child

Little melancholic - quiet and kind. He is distrustful of everything new, therefore, in the circle of his relatives, he is a trusting child. He feels comfortable among those who love him, take care of him. In front of strangers, she can get scared, cry. Can become taciturn, stop playing.

Melancholic children obey the opinion of a stronger peer or older person. Do not enter into disputes, conflicts. They like to be alone, they quickly get tired of noisy friends.

Be sure to tell these children that they are loved. It is worth scolding them less. It is better to calmly, clearly explain the correct point of view. It is necessary to develop self-confidence in a melancholic, the ability to defend one's rights, to do more creative work: drawing, modeling, music, reading books.

melancholic woman

Women of this type of temperament are prone to contemplation and reflection. They do not tolerate conflicts, quarrels. They prefer quiet communication. A melancholic woman can be insecure, notorious. The description of this type of temperament is such that she is characterized by constant doubts about her attractiveness, introspection of feelings.

Such women can be at times cheerful, active. But a surge of emotions will entail solitude, a desire to immerse yourself in yourself. Melancholic women spend most of their time dreaming. Romanticized ideas about a man and a collision with reality make them long and scrupulously look for a life partner.

They are good housewives, faithful wives. Get serious about marriage and raising children. Melancholic women do not like to take responsibility, so the head of the family will definitely be a man. In their careers, they are good performers, but no more. Leadership positions are usually not occupied. They prefer creative work.

melancholic man

Melancholic men are serious and punctual. They have good manners, are ready to protect their partner, give her gifts. Such men like to make plans and stick to them. Therefore, the creation of a family takes place at a strictly defined time for this. They are easy to piss off.

Trouble is hard going through a melancholic man. The characteristic of this type of temperament is reduced to anxiety, pessimism. Deep inner work, subtle mental organization make such men sensitive to the experiences of other people. Low self-esteem, rich imagination can lead to loneliness, broken relationships.

Melancholy men are creative people. Their rich inner world, complex experiences will help to realize themselves in artistic activity. Such men are subtle psychologists, poets, musicians, analysts.

Pros and cons of character

Advantages:

Creative skills.
Attention to the neighbor.
Goodwill.
The ability to empathize.
Loyalty in friendship and marriage.
Excessive demands on yourself.

Disadvantages:

Lack of stress resistance.
Frequent depression.
Tendency to be pessimistic.
Lack of communication skills.
Excessive demands on others.

Compatibility with other types of temperaments

The most difficult thing in a relationship is to be able to adapt to each other, make compromises, forget about quarrels, forgive. People with different types of temperaments can be colleagues and friends, spouses and relatives. The nature of the melancholic will avoid conflicts, which makes him a pleasant conversationalist. But incomprehensible grievances, feelings, a tendency to criticize repel people from him.

Melancholic - choleric

The melancholic is attracted in the choleric by his ardor, passion, pressure. Irrepressible energy delights a timid partner. But gradually the first impressions will be forgotten under a heap of constant grievances of the melancholic. Choleric does not care too much about the feelings, experiences of a partner. He does not understand excessive vulnerability and emotionality. Choleric loves company, he likes to be a leader. A melancholic prefers home comfort and silence. If they learn to compromise, not to say unnecessary words, then over time they can become a wonderful complement to each other.

Melancholic - sanguine

A bright sanguine person likes to be in charge in a relationship. A person who has such a temperament is active and active. The melancholic will allow the sanguine to command. But the latter must understand that excessive pressure will destroy friendship or marriage. If both make mutual concessions, an alliance is quite possible. The melancholic should accept the bright emotional outbursts of the partner, learn to forgive him. And the sanguine person needs to protect the vulnerability and spiritual fragility of his tender friend.

melancholic - phlegmatic

A calm, cold phlegmatic does not understand the inner storms of a melancholic. Both outwardly imperturbable and polite. But the melancholic inside is in full swing with constant work. Experiences, emotions, tears - such a phlegmatic is unknown. The nervousness of the partner irritates him. If the melancholic and the phlegmatic get rid of petty quarrels and nit-picking, then their coexistence is quite possible. Both are calm and inert, they love silence and leisurely walks. With its stability, confident strength, the phlegmatic can support a fragile comrade.

melancholic melancholic

If two insecure, vulnerable melancholic come together, no one can support them. Prolonged experiences and a good memory for grievances can turn their life into a nightmare. Constant criticism of each other, the desire for an ideal relationship can bring them to chronic depression. Vulnerable, restless, they will seek support and sympathy on the side. If each of the melancholics turns his spiritual impulses into creativity, and not into mutual nit-picking, then peaceful relations between two too emotional natures are possible.

From a young age, we are familiar with the concept of temperament. More precisely, not even his definition, but the division of people into sanguine, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic. But is this approach relevant in the 21st century? What is temperament? Have more modern classifications emerged? How fair is it to say that temperament is the basis of our behavior? What gives the knowledge of one's temperament or the understanding of what temperament the interlocutor has? Is it possible to change your life if you understand this issue?

What is temperament?

Temperament is a persistent personality characteristic that determines its vital activity and is associated with the type of higher nervous activity. Unlike character, which is formed and changed during life, Human temperament is set before birth.. It is due to hereditary factors. Therefore, it would be a mistake to believe that temperament and character are one and the same. They are certainly related, but not identical. Character develops under the influence of temperament, but also depends on upbringing, life experience.

Rumors that the temperament of a person is changing are caused by a misunderstanding of a person's belonging to one or another psychological type. Pure temperaments are not found so often. Basically, they are combined, just the degree of their manifestation depends on the influence of external and internal factors. For example, a person with pronounced sanguine properties, by coincidence, begins to behave like a choleric. Someone will decide that the temperament has changed. In fact, this person had the makings of both types of temperament. There was just an emphasis in the direction of the sanguine demeanor, which was replaced by the impulsiveness of the choleric.

Temperament types

The division of people into basic types of temperament was done back in the days of the ancient Greeks. For the first time, ideas about the existence of four groups of people were formed by Hippocrates, who singled out (merry people), (crybabies), (scandalists), (nihilists). Half a millennium later, his ideas were finalized by Galen. The doctrine turned out to be so successful that the classification proposed by them still exists.

Characteristics of temperament were explained by the dominance of one of the four "vital juices". Sanguine people are dominated by blood ( sangua), giving them energy and fun. Melancholics are under the control of "black bile" ( melane chole), instilling a feeling of sadness and fear. Cholerics cloud the mind with bile ( hole), due to which they cannot control outbursts of anger. Phlegmatic people are led by "sputum" ( reflux), soothing and slowing them down.

Despite the fact that such a classification of temperaments was created a long time ago, it has not undergone significant changes even now. Although attempts are regularly made to update our ideas about what temperament is. Psychology is developing, along with it the key postulates of this science do not stand still.

Modern theories of temperament

The four basic types are one of the classifications of temperament. Although, it is worth paying tribute to the Greeks - the most popular. Contributed to the study of temperament Carl Gustav Jung, Hans Jurgen Eysenck, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Boris Mikhailovich Teplov and etc.

Temperament according to Pavlov is determined by understanding the type of nervous system. The scientist identified three main criteria for identifying temperament. It is strength, mobility, balance. He compared his teaching with the classification of Hippocrates, describing the known temperaments:

sanguine- strong, balanced, mobile;
Choleric- strong, unbalanced, mobile;
Phlegmatic person- strong, balanced, inert;
melancholic- Weak type.

Pavlov finalized the existing structure, supplementing it with data from the field of physiology of higher nervous activity.

Another Soviet psychologist, Boris Teplov, described temperament in his own way, the definition of which included the dynamic characteristics of the course of mental processes. Their strength, as well as the speed of occurrence, change, termination.

Carl Jung in his works combined temperament and personality, applying the concepts and . He took as a basis the desire of a person to communicate, or orientation to his inner world. Jung also studied in detail the influence on temperament of each of the main psychological functions: sensations, feelings, thinking, intuition.

One of the most popular systems describing personality typology was created by Hans Eysenck. Temperament, according to his ideas, in addition to extraversion and introversion, depends on the emotional stability of the individual. Having brought together all the information about temperament that was available at that time, he proposed a unique methodology for testing personality. This approach was named after the author -. It allows you to determine with high accuracy the type of temperament, the degree of its expression in a person.

Temperament Properties

Temperament in psychology is considered most closely. To make it easier to characterize its types, scientists analyzed the following properties of temperament:

Activity- perseverance and energy of the individual in achieving goals;
Reactivity- the level of involuntary (passivity) of a person and his reactions;
The ratio of activity and reactivity- an indicator that determines the level of awareness of a person's own role in life;
extraversion- interaction with the world;
introversion- emphasis on "immersion" in oneself;
Plastic- the ability of the individual to adapt to external changes;
Rigidity- reduced adaptive capabilities of a person;
sensitivity- the smallest threshold value of exposure that can cause a response mental reaction;
Emotional excitability- a similar property, only manifested on an emotional level;
Reaction rate- the speed of mental processes and body reactions, including facial expressions, gestures, speech dynamics.

The characteristic of temperament is formed on the basis of the analysis of all its properties. For example, phlegmatic people are distinguished by the dominance of introversion, increased rigidity and reactivity, they are characterized by reduced emotional excitability, as well as the rate of reactions. A psychic response from the phlegmatic can only be evoked by applying a tangible impact, which is determined by its "impenetrable" sensitivity.

Why define temperament?

Understanding your own temperament makes life much easier for a person. It becomes much easier for him to look for a job, make new acquaintances or build relationships. Not knowing himself, a person runs the risk of getting lost in this world, not finding his life path.

There are people who claim that temperament is psychology, so let the scientists deal with it. They are clearly wrong, misleading others. A person can independently understand the issue of determining his temperament. And, after reading a couple of feature articles, understand what to do with the information received next. Ours will help you find out your type of temperament, the passage of which will take only five minutes.

It is important to understand the temperament of the interlocutor, because the quality of the dialogue depends on it, understanding the direction where the conversation can lead. It is useless to “load” a phlegmatic person, to tease a melancholic person, to provoke a choleric person, to whine in front of a sanguine person. Each type has its own approach, and the sooner it is found, the greater the chances for the successful development of communication. And since it is difficult to overestimate the role of communications in society, the ability to build a dialogue is one of the most important at any age and social environment.

Temperament is one of the most popular topics. Moreover, this statement is true both among scientists and among ordinary people. It's just that not all people know how understanding their temperament will help them. In this post, we have answered many questions. Updated knowledge about the four basic types of temperament. More information can be found in the thematic articles on our website, where all types of temperament are considered in detail. They contain the main features of each of the types, tips for applying this knowledge to building a career and personal life.

Each person is individual, has his own character, habits, worldview, temperament, etc. However, psychologists still divided people into four types of temperament - choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic, and each of these categories has its own characteristics. Let us consider in more detail the main character traits of the people of each of these groups.

Features of temperament and character of sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic

So, let's figure out what is the difference in the psychology of choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic, what is their personality type, and what unites people in each of these categories:

Phlegmatic person. Such a person is distinguished by enviable calmness and equanimity. It is very difficult to piss off people of this type, but if you already succeeded, then it will not be easy to stop the phlegmatic's anger. People belonging to this category are very reasonable, they like order in everything, they are very consistent, attentive, they love stability. It is very difficult for them to “switch” from one thing to another, it is difficult for them to adapt to something new. The character of phlegmatic people is soft, they are almost conflict-free people, so they can get along with representatives of any category.
sanguine. A distinctive feature of these people is activity and vigor. Sanguine people easily "light up" with any idea and just as easily "burn out", they have a light and playful disposition. Sanguine people are the soul of any company, they practically do not give in to stress, they love communication, but often they cannot keep this promise. Sanguine people are emotional people, however, if necessary, they can hold back and not show their feelings. These are kind, sensitive and friendly people, they cope with failures quite easily. The nature of these people is quite flexible, they are balanced and have the ability to adapt to the proposed circumstances, these people are hardworking and love discipline. Sanguine people are optimistic and honest people, and friendliness invariably remains the main character trait.
melancholic. Quiet, shy people may seem completely uninteresting from the outside, but only a melancholic has such a rich and varied inner world. These people are very sensual natures, dependent on mood swings and completely insecure. Melancholic people can be great and loyal friends who keep their word and are ready to come to the rescue anytime, anywhere. A balanced character and restraint help such people think sensibly in an emergency, but excessive self-doubt can fail at a crucial moment. Melancholic people are timid and self-contained individuals, they prefer to obey rather than control.
Choleric. Very temperamental personalities, characterized by irascibility, aggressiveness and emotionality. When communicating with people, choleric people always try to take a dominant position, by the way, the qualities of a leader are innate in them. Having a high, they try never to show weakness in anything, they are always ready to defend their opinion, ready for rivalry. However, despite such a violent temper, choleric people quite easily find a common language with others. It is worth noting that arguing with such people is not recommended, they will never retreat, moreover, they will not lag behind until they force you to give up. Despite the bad character, perhaps no one can love like a choleric. If a choleric person really fell in love, he will be the most faithful, gentle and caring partner.

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