Types of loggias in brick houses. What types and types of balconies and loggias exist. Design Ideas
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The presence of a balcony or loggia in the apartment is considered a great plus, and for good reason. This place can be arranged as your heart desires, used as an additional room for a specific purpose. But let's clarify, together with the editors of the online magazine, the site, what is it about: a balcony and a loggia, what is the difference and whether it is significant.
Balcony and loggia - what is it in terms of design and decorative functions
If a thing or object has two names, then this most likely means that there are some features and differences in their structure or design. So it is with such concepts as a balcony and a loggia. In simple terms, a balcony is called a slab with railings protruding beyond the perimeter of the building, and the loggia is a direct part of the building.
The number of storeys of houses grew, the number of balconies and loggias, too, depending on the wishes of the architects and the type of construction.
Typical and modern types of loggias
What is the name of the balcony inside the house? The beautiful word loggia, which has roots in the Italian language (“loggia”).
Since this is not a remote structure, it can be turned into a full-fledged part of the room or a concrete screed can be made on the floor, and furniture can be placed on it.The loggia space is either left open or glazed.
What is the difference between a balcony and a loggia in an apartment in terms of design parameters
Let us consider in more detail all the nuances and differences of the mentioned architectural structures.
By way of adjoining to the main room
To understand the difference between the balcony design and the Florentine architectural solution, it is enough to look at how they adjoin the facade of the building. The balcony will always protrude from the wall of the house, and the loggia is in harmony with the facade, being its built-in part.
By the number of sides open for review, and the size
If you look from the side of geometry, then the balcony is open to three sides of the street, has a standard size of 3275 × 800 mm. Basically, the width of the balcony is standard.
The loggia is open to the street only on one side, less often on two (at a corner location). The base is always slabs, most often with a size of 1200 × 5800 mm.
Nuance! Most often, one plate falls on two loggias.
According to possible loads on the structure and methods of arrangement
In any case, the security of the loggia will be higher, since it is not a hinged structure, but part of the building, and the load is distributed evenly from three sides.Due to the method of adjoining the facade, the balcony has limitations in terms of load and arrangement possibilities.
What is the difference between a balcony and a loggia when calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment
The correct definition of the loggia and balcony will help calculate the cost of housing. Loggia coefficient lowering: 0.5. At the balcony - 0.3.If there is a “French” balcony, it is pointless to calculate the coefficient, since it does not have a usable and significant area.
What is the difference between a loggia and a balcony according to the law
We found out the differences between a loggia or a balcony by type of construction, it remains to find out what is the difference between them according to the letter of the law.
The entire territory from the load-bearing wall to another of the same type, slabs and fences of the summer area of housing are classified as private property. It turns out that from the point of view of the law, both constructions are equal.
Additional information on the arrangement of balconies and loggias
In Soviet times, loggias were glazed and used as a place for hanging clothes, a smoking room, and even as a warehouse for unnecessary things. But why waste precious meters today, if you can equip both the loggia and the balcony so that it will be the most favorite place in the apartment?
Interesting ideas for decorating a loggia with photo examples
Let's plunge into the world of other people's ideas and solutions: if you already have additional space, you can remake it into part of the room, insulate it, glaze it, turn it into a cozy veranda or study.
Design of balconies in a private house with photo examples
For the design of balcony structures in modern construction, plastic, glass, wood and metal are used. Artistic forged patterns become a wonderful architectural decoration. Plastic is the least beautiful, but this finish will cost the least. Most owners of balconies try to glaze them, thus turning the space closed from the weather.
Article
According to the material of the main structure(slabs) balconies and loggias can be reinforced concrete or wooden(only for low-rise buildings). Steel can be used as other load-bearing elements (pillars, beams, hangers).
According to the method of construction balconies and loggias are divided into performed from prefabricated slabs, from bulk blocks, in a monolithic design.
The classification of slabs of balconies and loggias is made according to the constructive solution, according to the method of leaning on the supporting structures and the nature of the work.
By design decision plates are divided into:
flat multi-hollow(only prefabricated loggia slabs);
flat solid(prefabricated, monolithic, prefabricated-monolithic);
ribbed(prefabricated and monolithic).
According to the method of support and the nature of the work, the slabs of balconies and loggias are divided into:
console- slabs fixed in the wall on one side, on two adjacent sides, or on one completely and partially on two opposite sides (part of the slab is a console);
beam- plates supported on two opposite or three sides.
Balcony slabs (Fig. 10.2) subdivided into the following types:
Flat solid beams;
Flat solid cantilever;
Ribbed cantilever.
Loggia slabs (Fig. 10.2) subdivided into types:
Flat solid beams;
Flat solid cantilever;
Ribbed beams;
Flat multihollow beams.
The balcony consists of the following main elements: supporting structure (slab), floor, fence. Loggias have the same elements as balconies (slab, floor, railing), as well as side walls.
The coordination length of the slabs is assigned within 1.2-7.2 m. The coordination width of the slabs: for balconies - 0.9-1.8 m; for loggias - 1.2-3.0 m. The structural thickness of the plates is taken as a multiple of 20 mm within 100-220 mm.
Plates are made with mounting loops and embedded parts. The upper front surface of the slabs must have a slope (from the outer walls) of at least 1%. Flat beam slabs longer than 4.5 m are made prestressed.
Prefabricated slabs are made with finished upper front surfaces of one of the following types:
With a smooth or glossy concrete surface;
With polished mosaic finishing layer;
Lined with ceramic tiles or natural stone tiles.
Balconies
In modern practice, the following design schemes of balconies are used (Fig. 10.3)
Rice. 10.3. Structural schemes of balconies:
a - console; b - attached; in - attached; g - hinged frame; d - hinged from bulk blocks; e - on cantilever beams; g - on brackets; h - on the consoles of the floor beams;
1 - balcony slab; 2 - overlap; 3 - fittings; 4 - frame rack;
5 - crossbar frame; 6 - fastening element; 7 - steel frame; 8 - brace (suspension); 9 - anchor suspension; 10 - emphasis; 11 - beam console; 12 - embedding the beam into the wall; 13 - floor beam; 14 - inner wall; 15 - insulation lining
1. Cantilevered. The reinforcement of a monolithic concrete slab of a balcony is connected to the reinforcement of a monolithic or prefabricated-monolithic floor using special elements that combine reinforcing bars, stops and a thermally insulating bar made of expanded polystyrene (fig.10.3.); this solution makes it possible to ensure the operation of the balcony slab as a console, at the same time excluding the formation of a cold bridge (Fig. 10.3. a).
2. Attached. The balcony slab is connected to the floor slab in the same way as the console version; in addition, it rests on the outside on the racks or frame crossbar (Fig. 10.3.b). Racks rest on a columnar foundation arranged under the balconies. This scheme is used for buildings up to 5 floors and is cost-effective.
3. Attached. The scheme is used for reconstructed objects, as well as for newly constructed buildings. Supports of the supporting frame are attached and attached to the outer wall of the building, and the front racks are based on columnar foundations. (Fig. 10.3. c). The load is distributed on the walls and front posts, which allows the use of attached balconies of any configuration and size for buildings up to 100 m high.
4. Hinged frame from steel profiles (Fig. 10.3. d). It is advisable to use such balconies in cases where it is impossible to use support posts (for example, over driveways). With the help of special fasteners, the frame is mounted (hung) on the walls of buildings up to 12 m high.
5. Mounted from bulk reinforced concrete elements(Fig. 10.3. e). It is intended for medium-rise buildings with monolithic transverse walls, into which steel suspensions of volumetric blocks of balconies are embedded.
6. On cantilever beams(Fig. 10.3. e). Reinforced concrete or steel beams are embedded in the internal transverse walls of the building and cantilevered outside. On these consoles, a beam-type balcony slab is supported on two sides. To avoid the formation of a cold bridge, the beams are lined with slab insulation.
7. On brackets(Fig. 10.3.g). Reinforced concrete decorated brackets of various shapes are hung to the outer wall, fixing the hangers in the inner transverse walls.
8. On the consoles of floor beams(Fig. 10.3. h). It is advisable to design such balconies for low-rise buildings with beamed ceilings, especially with wooden ones. When using steel beams, it becomes necessary to cover them from the outside with slab insulation to eliminate the formation of a cold bridge.
For protruding (cantilever) balcony slabs in modern construction, special heat-insulating elements with connecting fittings(Fig. 10.4). Standard elements 1 m long (0.2 m - additional) consist of polystyrene foam beams 80 mm wide and section height 160-250 mm, which corresponds to the thickness of the balcony slab. In the transverse direction of their upper zone, reinforcing bars with a diameter of 8-10 mm are embedded with outlets to the sides up to 1.5 m. These bars are designed to work in tension. In the lower zone there are steel stops (thrust bearings) with caps in different directions. The rods for the perception of transverse forces in the body of the insulating bar are inclined at an angle of 45°. To ensure the fire resistance of the structure, the polystyrene beam is lined with a slab of low-combustible material (G1) from above and below.
The use of load-bearing heat-insulating elements with connecting fittings allows:
Run a balcony slab in a monolithic or precast-monolithic version;
Effectively isolate the balcony slab from the ceiling according to the requirements of building physics;
Select a static (calculated) balcony scheme;
combine standard (100 cm) and additional (20 cm) modular elements to select the required width of the balcony slab.
In the practice of building low-rise buildings, other constructive solutions for balconies are also implemented, in addition to the considered ones: an attic balcony, for the formation of which the lower part of the attic window is folded outward to a vertical position with the formation of a fence on the sides, and the upper part of the window is raised to rest on the underlying supporting structures of the bay window, or porch; with suspension to the supporting structures of the roof. Thanks to the use of solid or separate balconies in multi-storey buildings, it is possible to achieve the solution of original facade structures and their plastics.
Loggias
In the practice of designing and mass construction of civil multi-storey buildings, loggias are widely used. According to the functional purpose of the loggia, it is advisable to consider it on a par with living quarters. They increase the total area of apartments, serve for recreation and perform various household functions. The loggia area is included in the total area of the apartment with a reduction factor of 0.5 (balconies - 0.3).
There are three types of loggias:
remote or attached, completely protruding from the plane of the facade, limited by wall structures on the sides;
sinking or built-in, completely placed in the dimensions of the building;
partially sinking recessed beyond the plane of the outer wall, not completely (built-in - remote).
Based on architectural tasks, when solving the plan and facade of a building, built-in loggias are sometimes arranged above heated rooms, or the latter are placed above loggias. In this case, the design of the ceiling provides for vapor barrier and insulation according to the calculation.
Railings for balconies and loggias must guarantee a calm perception of height in multi-storey buildings, therefore they must be sufficiently high - at least 1 m up to the 9th floor and at least 1.2 m on higher floors, mostly deaf.
Fences (screens) of balconies and loggias can be latticed or deaf.
Massive deaf fences are made of reinforced concrete panels or brick walls.
Reinforced concrete fencing panels are installed with the lower part in the following options: in front of the edge of the balcony slab in the same plane as its bottom; with lowering below the ceiling surface of the plate; with a gap above the slab floor.
The masonry of a brick fence 120 mm thick is made of front brick with jointing. Horizontal seams are reinforced through two rows of welded flat frames. Racks adjoining from the inside and junctions of the loggia to the panel of the inner wall additionally install special insulated panels, on which the loggia slabs are supported
In buildings of other building systems, in order to ensure the support of the floor slab and the loggia slab, its side wall is arranged as a three-layer one - with load-bearing inner and outer layers and insulation between them, welded to the slab from below, and connected from above to the corners bordering the upper masonry plane. The inner surface of the wall is covered with a steel mesh connected to the outlets of the reinforcing cages and plastered. Holes are provided in the wall to drain rainwater.
To protect against atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow), from dust and wind, various methods of glazing balconies and loggias are used in modern construction practice:
· with hinged doors;
With sliding (retractable) shutters;
with folding doors (frameless glazing).
On the rice. 10.5. a technical solution for glazing a loggia with sliding doors using aluminum profiles is shown.
Frameless glazing of balconies and loggias. These systems are fundamentally different from all other glazing designs in that they do not have mullions, due to which the glazing is a continuous transparent fence without vertical posts with a panoramic view from the inside. Elastic seals made of a transparent polymer isolate the gaps between the panes and do not disturb the transparency of the entire structure.
The balcony (loggia) can be fully opened by sliding the glass sheets to the side and folding them like a book against one of the walls. The first sash is only rotary, the remaining sashes are shifted to the first until they stop and open (rotate). In the open state of the sash
take up little space and are fixed from the effects of the wind. Glass sheets can be moved to one or two sides and, accordingly, be collected at one or two walls of the balcony (loggia) (Fig. .10.6.).
For frameless glazing, tempered glass with a thickness of 6 or 8 mm is used. The guides along which the sashes slide on rollers are made of aluminum profiles and are fixed at the top and bottom along the perimeter of the glazing. Each sheet of glass has a bottom and top profile made of aluminum, chemically attached (by gluing) without mechanical fixation, resulting in a strong one-piece connection, in which glass and profile form a single monolithic block.
Frameless glazing methods make it possible to make fences up to 3 m high. With narrow and low doors (and their low weight), they can only be fixed on the top rail. In other cases, it is necessary to have a four-point “spread” support - two support rollers on the upper guide, two on the bottom.
When using the eccentric sliding mechanism of the sashes, the frameless system allows glazing balconies and loggias regardless of their geometry. The sashes move easily along any curve, and also move through any corners.
bay windows
Bay window appointment- increasing the area of the room and enriching its interior, improving the conditions of lighting and insolation of the room. Sometimes bay windows serve to accommodate vertical communications in them - stairs and elevators.
Most bay windows have simple geometric shapes in plan (semicircular, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal), and only in some cases their shape is arbitrarily outlined. The most typical bay window layouts are shown in rice. 10.7.
Just like balconies and loggias, bay windows enrich the architectural form, serve as a compositional means of building a building, sometimes bay windows are used in combination with balconies and loggias, which gives compositional and functional advantages.
Bay windows have load-bearing and enclosing structures. Their walls have one or more windows or solid glazing.
Bay windows are designed with load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing (curtain) walls (Fig. 10.8.).
Bearing and self-supporting walls rest on their own foundations and are designed similarly to other exterior walls of a building. The non-bearing outer walls of the bay windows rest on cantilever floor slabs fixed in the walls of the beam. In buildings with non-load-bearing external walls, bay windows are designed to be lightweight.
Bay windows can have different lengths along the height of the building, start from the second or third floor, and interrupt with the formation of a balcony. When constructing such cantilever bay windows, their upper and lower floors are insulated.
1 - prefabricated floor slab; 2 - solid prefabricated or monolithic floor slab; 3 - bearing wall; 4 - self-supporting wall; 5 - non-bearing wall; 6 - hinged panel; 7 - lightweight concrete blocks; 8 - insulation; 9 - air gap; 10 - lining; 11 - foundation
On fig. 10.9. some solutions for bay windows in low-rise and high-rise buildings are shown.
Fig.10.8. Examples of the use of bay windows.
a, b - in low-rise buildings; v-d - in multi-storey buildings
Before you take on the arrangement of a cozy corner, you need to clearly understand what you are dealing with. In other words, you should study the types of balconies and loggias in order to speak the same language with repairmen and understand well what result you want to achieve.
In the era of antiquity, balconies played an important role in shaping the architectural appearance of the building. They complemented its symmetry, they were a connecting part between the two wings of a large building. At present, this is just a chance to increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bhousing and gain some space for recreation. But, you see, no matter how small the balcony is, it is always welcome!
- openness
- Glazing types
- isolation
- National types of balconies
- American balcony
"Classification of loggias and balconies"
So, we can divide all available “windows to the world” into two large groups:
- Balconies
- Loggias
The main criteria for dividing balconies and loggias into groups:
- openness
- isolation
You can read more about the differences and design features of each type in a separate article - we hope that the article about will answer any of your questions.
"Openness"
Here are the following types of loggias and balconies:
- Closed
- open
Of course, we are talking about glazing, which not only changes the appearance of the room, but makes it suitable for many functions. The final one will depend on the type of glazing you choose. Let's see how it happens, and in favor of which you will make a choice.
"Types of glazing"
Do you want to set up a winter garden on the balcony, make an office, or do you have enough table and a couple of chairs for evening tea? As you understand, the heat of the room in these cases will vary, and the materials and technologies chosen by the workers will affect the temperature.
So, glazing of balconies and loggias happens:
- Cold
- Warm
- This uncomfortable name should not be taken literally - of course, the room will be guaranteed protection from drafts, bitter frosts, a lot of dust and noise. The appearance will improve, and the changes in the level of illumination will practically not be affected. It will not work to arrange a room on the balcony, but not all old houses provide this opportunity. It will probably be on the loggias of some types.
- This transformation will allow you to use the room at any time of the year - specialists will take care of its protection in the cold. In parallel with it, work is underway to insulate both the internal and external parts. Read more about this in the article about.
"Isolation"
According to the size of the balcony and its isolation, there are two types:
- Singles
- Paired
Single balconies are designed for one apartment, the distance to the neighboring one is usually quite large. Paired balconies connect adjacent apartments, most often a partition is installed between them. Sometimes the balcony is the same for the whole apartment section, then they have an emergency exit to the stairwell.
"National types of balconies"
What are the balconies and loggias according to architectural features?
- American balcony
Such balconies rarely take root in Russian realities, but they are found in some Soviet-built houses. French balconies are microscopic in size - the platform is so small that you can literally put your feet on it, or it does not exist at all. Such a balcony is conditionally external, its space begins immediately behind the balcony door, sometimes without a ledge.
"American Balcony"
These balconies are quite wide and long, encircling the building and separated from each other only by a thin wall. The railings are usually low, half a person's height. There is plenty of space on American balconies!
Spanish balconies have a strict rectangular, and more often square shape and a laconic look. They are small, neat, often with bars only in the front, and surrounded by solid concrete around the perimeter.
Italian types of balconies are much more elaborate and varied, they can be pot-bellied, curved, decorated with rich openwork forging, balustrades and columns, you can often find stucco and bas-reliefs. Even such beauty is additionally decorated, because the balcony from the street should look as presentable as possible, attracting the eye. Therefore, if you want to become like the inhabitants of Florence, work hard so that your balcony is buried in greenery and flowers.
"Swedish balconies"
We often cite Swedish balconies as an example for several reasons. Firstly, they have a similar design to those in Russian houses - the same narrow extension, framed by metal crossbars. Secondly, Sweden is a northern country whose climate is similar to ours, so you can safely borrow any solution without thinking that it is only suitable for hot Rome or Barcelona.
Of course, balconies in modern private houses can have a more original shape and certainly a larger size. The most common are semicircular balconies supported by columns framing the entrance.
"Flower Decoration"
They play an important role both in the emotional coloring of the house and in its aesthetic appearance. In many countries, decorating balconies with flowers is a good tradition that is not customary to change. It is surprisingly easy and inexpensive - and not only changes your apartment, but also affects the urban environment as a whole. Do you want to learn it? Welcome to the above section!
We have yet to get used to the idea of using the balcony only as a place to relax. For too long, small-sized housing has forced us to appreciate every square meter of available space and use balconies for household needs. But it's time to admit that it's time to breathe a sigh of relief and make the balcony a zone of lightness and tranquility, as we see in the photo, where the varieties of balconies and loggias appear in all their diversity!
Balconies in Soviet times were used only to store things or to check the weather outside. In today's world, everything is changing. Both the balcony and the loggia enter our life as a full-fledged room, which can be assigned certain functions. In addition, balconies give the whole house a finished look. With the help of balconies built in a certain way, you can give the building an unusual look, which is often used by architects.
Loggia and balcony: the difference
First you need to determine what differences these rooms have. People are often confused, believing that if the balcony is glazed, then it turns into a loggia. This is not true. What is a balcony and how to distinguish it from a loggia?
The balcony is a portable structure. The name comes from the word beam, and originally it was a ledge at the window. Later received a fence and an increase in volume. Now represents a concrete slab protruding beyond the facade of the house. It has a perimeter fence - a parapet. According to GOST, a balcony cannot be wider than 1.5 meters. It is often called a bay window.
At the loggia, by definition, the side railings are the walls of the house, and only one side goes out onto the street. It is much more reliable than a balcony due to the solidity of its design. She is not afraid of snow or rain.
By law, a loggia and a balcony used to be part of the total area of the apartment, but due to recent changes in legislation, this has ceased to be so. Now this area is the common property of the house. Only the coefficient with which square meters are taken into account differs: at the balcony it is 0.3, at the loggia - 0.5.
Kinds
In the view of many, a balcony is a rectangular box, but this concept is much broader. It contains many species. Let's consider them in order.
Bay windows have a different design.
- On a cantilever reinforced concrete slab. This arrangement is very popular in old buildings. The plate is inserted into the wall of the building at a distance of about half a meter and fixed. Typically, this design is used in brick houses. But for foam block walls, such a mount is not suitable, since the structure is very heavy.
- on cantilever beams. Here, the base slab rests on beams made of concrete or metal. Back in the Middle Ages, balconies of castles were fixed with the help of consoles.
- on external supports. Columns or brackets are used here, as well as both together. The base plate rests on them. Mounting on supports is only suitable for balconies located no higher than the second floor. It is imperative to equip the foundation. There is a minus in the use of columns as supports, since during operation they can settle unevenly, thereby causing a distortion of the structure.
Loggias also have a number of varieties.
- Embedded. In fact, this is a continuation of the room, fenced off by a balcony block.
- Remote. These are two walls attached perpendicular to the facade of the house. The base plates rest on cantilever beams embedded in the wall of the building.
- Loggia-balcony. This is a transitional structure, where half of the building is inside the house, and part is taken out of it. This loggia has a plus. It lies in the fact that there is no big darkening of the room. Light freely enters the apartment.
Balconies and loggias are warm and cold.
Initially, they are designed as unheated cold rooms, often in budget housing according to the project, even without glazing. But the situation is easy to fix. To do this, they are glazed with plastic windows, insulated with foamed polyethylene or mineral wool, heating is carried out, or heated floors are laid, and interior decoration is carried out. The output will be an additional heated room.
There are different types of glazing.
Wooden frames. Eco-friendly, allow the room to "breathe". Modern wooden double-glazed windows are practical, hermetic, but require special care.
Plastic double glazing. The most popular today. They do an excellent job with the function of thermal insulation and sound insulation, practical, durable. But they do not provide an influx of fresh air at all if they are completely closed. Too heavy for old balconies.
Aluminum structures, lightweight durable. They are great for glazing balconies and loggias, but they do not hold heat well, and they will not work with a warm room.
Frameless glazing- modern technology that has no frames. The bay window is covered with a solid glass surface. Such glazing perfectly transmits a large amount of light without blocking it. But a significant drawback is the impossibility of installing a mosquito net.
Now it is very popular to glaze a balcony with panoramic structures. To do this, remove all sorts of fences and produce glazing from ceiling to floor. The balcony immediately takes on a chic look, lets in a maximum of light without obscuring the room to which it adjoins. But on such a bay window there should be absolute order and dark curtains should be hung so that, if necessary, you can close the room from prying eyes.
A special place is occupied by the French balcony. It is not a room and has a purely decorative function. In essence, it is a narrow platform. Its standard dimensions are about 40 cm wide. With it, you can admire the view, but walking on it or storing things, and even more so placing furniture, will not work. Typically, these balconies have wrought iron railings or panoramic windows.
How to do it yourself: step by step
Many residents of the first floors dream of having a balcony. But what to do if the project of the house does not imply this building? It can be built with your own hands.
This design, according to the law, can only be built on the first floor. On the second, it is also possible, but for this you need to spend a lot of time and effort.
For its construction, the first thing you need is to get permission for redevelopment so that all alterations are legal. It is not so easy to do this, but it is still possible, of course, if your house is not an architectural monument.
Initially, a clear project is needed, which will indicate not only the dimensions, but also all calculations, the supply of communications, the layout of electricity, etc.
To obtain a building permit, in addition to the project, you will need:
- ownership documents;
- certificate from the BTI;
- coordination of the architectural department;
- certificates from Vodokanal, Gas service, Energy networks;
- permission of the management company;
- photographs of the facade of the house.
Of course, you can build a balcony without permission for this, but it’s not a fact that you will then be given the opportunity to arrange it. And they can oblige to dismantle it with the restoration of the integrity of the building.
After obtaining permission to build a bay window, you can proceed to construction work. It can, in fact, be divided into two parts: the construction of a balcony and its arrangement.
Organizing a loggia is much easier. He moved the window block deep into the room, glazed it and it is ready, but you will have to tinker with the construction of the bay window.
There are two ways to attach a bay window on the ground floor.
- With the construction of the foundation.
- With the organization of supports for the base.
When building a balcony on the first floor, it is very convenient that its size can exceed the standard for this house, which will allow you to organize an additional room on it.
Usually the construction of balconies is carried out using a strip foundation. This allows you to make a balcony even of an angular shape. When organizing it, you need to firmly connect the foundation of the balcony with the base of the house to get a single structure. Moreover, their height should be the same. To determine the depth of laying, it is necessary to determine how deep the soil freezes and the level of groundwater passage.
If, when drawing up the layout of the project, you must have a cellar, then it is more convenient to dig a hole for it right away, so that later the walls do not interfere with throwing back the ground.
It is necessary to wait 28 days for the foundation concrete to dry well, after which you can proceed to further construction.
First, reinforced concrete base slabs or wooden logs are installed. Then the wooden floor is laid.
After the walls of the bay window are laid out. In order for the laying of foam blocks to hold more reliably, which is especially important if plastic double-glazed windows are installed, you can initially weld the balcony frame completely. Foam blocks must be tightly laid against the wall so that the structure better contacts the facade of the house.
Waterproofing work is required. They will prevent the destruction of the walls, and maintain the integrity of the structure.
You can use the second floor balcony as a roof or, if your structure goes beyond it, you will have to build it entirely.
At the end of the first part, a window block, a visor, ebbs are installed.
Initially, it is necessary to carry out an electrician and bring heating, but if you are planning light and heating in a new room, install an outlet. Electrical wiring also needs to be carried out in the cellar for convenience.
We turn to warming. For this, it is best to use penoplex. It perfectly retains heat, preventing cold air from penetrating, it is not afraid of condensate. The thickness of the foam for insulation of the balcony is 40-60 mm. Laying is carried out over the entire area of the street walls. Then it is closed with moisture-resistant drywall or PVC panels.
If you are equipping a cellar, then it is necessary to insulate it and ensure complete sealing so that warm air from the balcony does not get there.
If an outdoor unit of the air conditioner used to hang at the place where the balcony is now located, it must be moved outside the new room.
For security reasons, it is better to provide roller shutters that will reliably protect your balcony from robbers.
Registration
Winter Garden
The most common feature. To do this, it is necessary, first of all, to organize a wide window sill for flowers.
For finishing the floor, it is better to choose a waterproof laminate or tile. The second way is better to put on the "warm floor". Then you can walk on it without shoes, and also, this will give an additional source of heat.
Wallpaper in such a room is better not to glue because of the constant humidity. A suitable option is to paint the walls, or trim them with plastic clapboard.
Also, if your windows do not face north, you will need protection from the sun. Vertical blinds are perfect for this. With the help of them it is easy to regulate the strength of lighting in your garden. On the north side, it is worth providing an additional lamp, since in winter the flowers will miss it.
If you have attached a balcony to a private house and are planning to place a winter garden there, then a great option for the summer is to provide for the installation of an awning. It will let air through, it is easy to manage, you can open and close the roof as needed. It is possible to equip it with automatic control and air heating.
The center of the composition in the garden you need to put a large flower. They can be palm, dracaena or ficus. Rosan is also suitable if the area allows it to be placed. On the walls, you can organize a rack for installing pots, but you can just hang the pots on the walls.
If a fire escape runs through your new space, you can also decorate it with flowers. For such an accomplishment, you will either need to weld circles of metal to it, on which you can later hang a planter, or carefully place it on the steps without blocking the passage.
An excellent option for a winter garden is a composition made up of annual plants such as petunias.
Roses in pots are also great for landscaping. They will delight with their flowers all winter, and their smell will remind you of the imminent summer.
For the spring period in the winter garden, you can allocate space and grow seedlings. Tomatoes, eggplants, peppers will grow well in such conditions, you can grow strawberries. It is also possible to grow vegetables all year round. For this, special varieties of cucumbers and tomatoes have been bred, aimed at growing in a balcony. They do not require pollination, do not have high growth, and give a large crop in a small area.
To maintain the desired temperature and humidity in the winter garden, it is best to install an air conditioner and a humidifier.
Dinner Zone
A great option to transfer a dining table to a newly appeared area. Most often, it is arranged by combining a balcony with a kitchen. In order not to demolish the load-bearing wall, which is not allowed at the BTI, a bar counter is usually installed in place of the ledge, which replaces the dining table. The ledge on the ceiling is made out in the form of an arch. At the same time, a refrigerator will fit perfectly into a niche on the balcony near the counter. This is very important, especially for small apartments with a kitchen of 6 square meters. meters and a balcony 3 meters long. In the area of \u200b\u200bsuch a dining room, it is better to put a laminate or tile on the floor.
When laying the floor, do not forget about the inconspicuous design of the hatch into the cellar. It needs an unobstructed passage to it, and it should not stand out against the general background of the floor.
You can organize a semblance of a bar. If you have a good view from the window, the bar counter can be placed on its windowsill. At the same time, paint the brick wall with a slightly grayish paint and create a loft-style interior.
If the balcony is built wide, then you can fit a full table with a soft kitchenette. Behind him it will be convenient to eat with the whole family.
Bedroom
If your balcony is more than 5 sq. m., it is easy to arrange a bedroom on it. An excellent option for organizing a bed would be a “bed in the closet”. It will be completely removed, does not take up much space when folded. You can also place a folding table and cabinet, which will not interfere with the unfolding of the bed.