Liquid manure. Useful properties and features of compost preparation. Obtaining soil and organic fertilizer vermicompost

Many gardeners, having tested mineral fertilizers in practice, are increasingly inclined to think that organic matter is much healthier, and the products grown on it are tastier and more beautiful. After the general enthusiasm for minerals, the “organic fever” gradually begins. One of the types of fertilizers of organic origin is compost at home from raw materials that can be found on every site.

Do not confuse the concepts of compost and humus. The first is a complex fertilizer that contains plant residues, manure, paper, vegetable and fruit waste. Humus is a substance that forms over time from cattle manure.

If compost is a highly nutritious fertilizer that is useful for both soil and plants in the garden, then humus after two years of storage is just plant residues that lost 75% of nutrients. It can only benefit the soil for looseness and nutrition of microorganisms and earthworms.

Equipment needed for composting

Before you start laying a pile, you need to know where the compost will be laid at home.

Firstly, it is necessary to create a special box or collar with certain dimensions. Its length can be any height no more than 1.5 m, width - 1 m. Such dimensions are necessary so that air flows penetrate well into the mixture.

The fact is that aerobic bacteria do all the work of digesting organic matter. Without oxygen, they die, so the presence of air in the heap is the main condition. If the dimensions are larger, then air will not be able to penetrate into the middle of the pile.

A wooden box can be replaced with a net by tying it at the corners to wooden or iron poles. If necessary, it is folded to make it easier to turn the components.

Another common material used to build a pile is slate. The downside is that slate is a fairly fragile material and often breaks.

A purchased composter container is an aesthetic plastic box that fits well into any landscape and even decorates it. There are two and three chamber containers. It is easy to transfer components in them and store ready-made fertilizer.

These containers are expensive, but they can be transported on wheels at any time, which is especially useful in winter. A homemade food waste composter can be small, designed only for houseplants.

The second main compost care item is a pitchfork. They are useful for a large pile to stir it up regularly and make sure that the components do not rot or stick together into lumps.

If the box is made without a roof, then a dense film will come in handy so that rainwater does not get into the compost. If the compost is poured, then most of the microorganisms will die without air.

What is compost made of

Making compost at home is not a difficult process, but requires some rules to be followed:

the use of healthy plants that are not infected with the fungus;

compliance proportions 1:3 relative to nitrogen and carbon components;

the right choice of raw materials so that the fertilizer is safe for the soil.

Green and brown components, that is, containing and not containing nitrogen, are laid in the composter.

dry straw, hay;

sawdust, bark, branches;

peat;

paper;

natural fabrics.

green lawn grass, green manure, weeds;

manure or litter;

vegetable waste.

Imbalance of these components leads either to long maturation - more than 2 years, or to rapid decay and ensiling of the organic mass.

Waste not suitable for fertilizer

In no case should construction debris be placed in the composter - fragments of foam, plastic, glass or rubber. Bacteria can only digest organic matter.

Video: How to make compost at home

If the rubber begins to heat up under the action of sunlight, it will begin to release toxic substances, from which the entire microflora may die, and the compost will be poisoned and cannot be used for plant nutrition.

Vegetable tops infected with a fungus - white or black mold, spread spores when composted. Therefore, there is a risk of contamination of the entire area. Such residues must be burned and laid in the compost in the form of ash.

Feces from pets, especially cats, should not be composted. In their waste, pathogenic organisms are sometimes found - toxoplasma or helminths.

Fish and meat waste attracts flies, which lay their eggs in the rotting remains. All fertilizer can be spoiled. In addition, the bones rot for a very long time even in a crushed state. It is better to bury them separately in the garden.

Instructions - steps to create a compost heap

Stages of work

Prepare the components. Freshly cut grass must be kept in the sun 2 - 3 days, to reduce the amount of moisture and nitrogen.

The first layer is laid on the bottom. It can be soil, peat or straw. Layer 30 cm thick.

Next layer of green grass - 10 cm

30 cm any carbonaceous substance.

Soil layer.

Repeat the alternation of components. Each of them must be shed with a biological solution of EM drugs. You can buy them or make them at home. For this, yeast or milk sourdough is suitable. Yeast is bred in warm sweet water and allowed to ferment within 3 days, then poured into a composter. For a large pile, you need about a bucket of sourdough.

The ingredients are folded in a loose way so that air remains between the layers and inside them. This is for fast maturation. How to make humus at home and store it in a cold way is another question.

Here the manure is laid tightly, not allowing oxygen to penetrate inside. The temperature will be kept at the level of 25 - 30 degrees and burning will not occur. In this way, you can save more useful nitrogen.

After the compost heap is stacked and the process of decomposition of the components has begun, after 2 - 3 days the whole pile is transferred to the adjacent pile. This step will enable bacteria to increase their numbers and decompose organic matter faster. After the first loosening, 2 weeks should pass, then toss again or turn over the mixture in the box.

How to accelerate the maturation of organic matter

Few summer residents want to wait 2 years for fertilizer. After all, it is during this period that composting takes place in natural conditions. So you can not wait for the harvest. The most enterprising and impatient of them have figured out how to make compost at home quickly.

Biodestructors

The most popular is the drug Baikal EM-1, which contains a concentrate of various bacteria. There are others, such as Radiance, which is in demand among the population. Unfortunately, fakes are common, so it is better to order on the official website, if possible. These funds have a short shelf life, they can not be sent in winter to avoid freezing and death of bacteria. Store them in a dark, warm place.

red worms

The most nutritious and fastest compost is a product of organic matter processing by red worms. When asked why exactly red - because this species is the most prolific. To reproduce quickly (500 times faster than domestic species), adults need to eat a lot and live in warmth. The life span of one worm is up to 16 years.

The method of laying down components for eukaryotic nutrition differs from conventional composting. Burt is filled in half and inhabited by worms. When they eat all the organic matter, another half of the pile is poured on top. After a couple of days, the worms crawl into the top half of the box and begin to feed again, and the bottom layer of fertilizer can be used.

The only thing that can disrupt the process is the lack of food and frost. Representatives of this species, when cold weather sets in, do not go into the ground, as domestic eukaryotes do, but huddle together and freeze. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out composting in a warm room or create the possibility of moving the collar for the winter to a heated barn.

In winter, most aerobic bacteria do not function at low temperatures, earthworms also climb deep into the ground and fall into suspended animation. Red California worms generally die if left in the cold. Therefore, the only way in which the compost will still ripen is to make it in a pit.

The soil freezes less at a depth, and if all the components are spilled with slurry or a solution of EM preparations, the process of processing organic matter will start. True, it will flow more slowly, since anaerobic microorganisms are needed for a sealed container or pit, similar to those that are propagated in septic tanks to eliminate odors.

The most relevant series is the American-made drug Dr. Robik. They produce both products for septic tanks and for compost pits. There are even especially powerful biodestructors designed for the processing of detergents produced by a washing machine or dishwasher.

Industrial composters are equipped with special heating devices that automatically control the temperature outside. This is especially important when creating vermicompost.

Basically, summer residents collect food waste in a container in winter, with the onset of spring they add soil and the first weeds that appear, and ripening begins. If the care is correct and timely, then the first batch of fertilizer can be obtained as early as June.

In a warm climate, you can leave the fertilizer to ripen outside, but at the same time it is warmed a layer of soil 30 cm from above. Can be sprinkled on the sides 15 - 20 cm.

If there is a sealed plastic container, a barrel or a concreted pit, then you can lay the components there and pour a solution of anaerobic bacteria, then close it tightly. Compost with anaerobes is valued higher, since during its maturation there is no loss of nutrients - especially nitrogen. But at the same time, the containers still need to be kept warm.

Liked the article? Share with your friends:

Hello, dear readers! I am the creator of the Fertilizers.NET project. Glad to see each of you on its pages. I hope the information in the article was helpful. Always open for communication - comments, suggestions, what else you want to see on the site, and even criticism, you can write to me on VKontakte, Instagram or Facebook (round icons below). All peace and happiness! 🙂

You will also be interested in reading:

Many summer residents who are engaged in weeding vegetable gardens and garden plots several times a season solve the problem of the accumulation of green grass and weeds by simply storing them in anticipation of an opportunity to take them to a garbage dump. Naturally, such actions may seem quite logical, but not in this situation. Experienced gardeners are well aware of the benefits that can be gained by using green grass and weeds as fertilizer.

Compost made from grass, weeds, and plant-derived food waste is an ideal fertilizer that can be made regularly, on your own, and at no significant cost or time.

Composition of humus

To make a good humus, a number of conditions and rules must be observed.

So, to achieve the desired result, it is necessary that the composition of the humus includes the following elements:

green grass;
hay;
straw;
weeds;
green branches, leaves;
plant roots along with the earth;
sawdust;
bark;
vegetables;
fruits;
ash;
bird droppings;
manure;
special additives to speed up the composting process.

Grass is a fundamental component of compost, but it cannot be used alone, otherwise the summer resident may get silage instead of fertilizer, or liquid slurry, which is a product of decay and unsuitable for use as fertilizer. It is important to remember that the humus must be clean and smelling good, and therefore, it is unacceptable to exclude from its composition:

food of animal origin;
human, dog or cat feces;
elements that are not subject to natural decomposition;
chemical substances;
weed seeds;
plants infected with pests and fungal diseases.

When making a compost pyramid, horsetail, hops and other plants whose seeds are not subject to rotting should be avoided. Once in the soil along with fertilizer, these seeds will quickly sprout and pollute the area for planting, doing the opposite of that for which the fertilizer was created.

The quality of humus can be affected not only by its composition, but also by storage conditions, so special attention should be paid to how to make a compost pit or box.

Compost pit or compost bin

Before talking about getting humus, let's consider how to properly make a box or a pit for storing it:

A suitable place can be a large-volume wooden box made from ordinary boards. Ready-made humus, sawdust, or chaff should be used as bedding. In the latter case, bacteria necessary for fermentation will have to be added to the humus, which will not be necessary if you stock up in advance with some amount of last year's humus, which already has the proper number of bacteria. When making a box, you should make sure that one of its walls can be easily removed.
Instead of a lid, you can use a piece of slate, or a dense greenhouse film. The device of the box should be such that the moisture that has got into it has the opportunity not only to evaporate freely, but also to drain down, soaking into the ground.
The compost bin should be located in a shady place where the sun's rays could not penetrate. It is also necessary to prevent excessive waterlogging or drying out of the compost.

As the bin fills with green grass, weeds, and the other ingredients listed above, the compost is agitated and hosed down, allowing the bottom, deeply fermented layers to get out and speed up the preparation of the fertilizer, making it more susceptible to micro-organisms and bacteria.

It is extremely important to maintain constant humidity and temperature in the compost bin.

To speed up the preparation of compost, the green components of plants are crushed with a conventional shovel. In addition, it is advisable to periodically add fresh soil to the compost bin, which will also increase the rate of compost formation. The earth can get into the box along with the roots of the plants, so you should not rush to get rid of them when selecting plants suitable for creating humus.

Having unlimited space for gardening activities, instead of a box, you can use an ordinary pit lined with slate from the inside. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain some distance between the sheets of slate to maintain free air circulation. A compost pit is made in the same way as a box, trying to adhere to the principle of a layer cake, and constantly alternate large volumes of grass with some earth and sawdust.

In summer, the prepared humus is protected from rain, and in winter from cold. In extreme cold, the compost bin is covered with a thick layer of straw, corn leaves, or old rags. Next year, the plant remains of the shelter can be used to make new compost.

Characteristics of herbal compost

Quality humus must meet the following characteristics:

Colour. The color of the correct humus is dark brown. Humus sold for planting and fertilizing plants in markets and flower shops is usually black. Such humus is devoid of many useful trace elements and is obtained as a result of conventional combustion under the influence of excessively high temperatures and high humidity.
Smell. Properly prepared compost smells very good. The smell of fresh humus gives off forest, mushrooms and dry leaves. If the gardener smells rot and mold when opening the compost bin, then the process has been disrupted. In this case, it is necessary to remove the lid of the box and let the humus dry properly, then dig it up, providing access to fresh air to the parts of the compost that lack it. If this does not help, nothing else needs to be done, the fertilizer will have to be thrown away, as it can become dangerous for plants.
Compound. The correct humus is distinguished by friability and friability. The degree of readiness of humus is determined by the ability to make a solid ball out of it. In addition, a sign of increased fertilizer readiness may be the presence of a large number of worms in the humus.

To make a good fertilizer all the time requires considerable experience and several years of practice. Under optimal conditions, grass, weeds and other plant elements will become humus only by the next summer season.

Precautionary measures

When planning to make a large amount of humus, some precautions should be taken, for example:

try to place the compost box away from sources of drinking water;
when placing a compost pit on an uneven surface, care should be taken that it is below a well or well with water;
overheating of the compost should not be allowed, being under the scorching rays of the sun, humus may lose some of its useful qualities.

Accelerated composting

The rate at which compost matures depends on temperature, humidity, and the size of the compost pit. Natural preparation lasts from 3 months to 2 years, but thanks to modern technology, it is possible to speed it up.

Modern technologies make it possible to make humus noticeably faster, which is quite realistic with regular watering of decaying elements with special additives. In addition, the speed of composting is influenced by the size and weight of the grass. Ideally, all components of the compost should be crushed to a minimum size and abundantly moistened. The speed of composting is directly related to the temperature, which can be increased by adding chicken manure to the compost.

The bacteria that have arisen in the compost will be able to multiply faster with regular mixing of the humus, which is recommended to be done at least once a week.

Compliance with the indicated conditions, such as: creation of a closed microclimate with high humidity and temperature; regular watering of the compost with artificial additives; the inclusion of chicken manure in the composition of the compost; constant mixing of the layers will allow you to achieve the desired result after 4-5 months.

Thus, in order to obtain the right organic fertilizer of high quality, it is necessary to have a lot of patience and a willingness to mess around with ingredients that are not always pleasantly smelling. Good compost is prepared for several months and even years. The basis for fertilizer is green grass and weeds, but real humus can only be achieved if there are up to 7 components. Humus should be stored and processed in a special box, or pit, compost heaps and makeshift dumps should be avoided - this is not only unhygienic, but also dangerous to health.

Compost is known to gardeners and gardeners as a first-class plant food. It is used by everyone who resorts to the organic cultivation of vegetables and fruits, because it contains no chemistry at all. It's easy to make and even easier to use. The article will talk about how to prepare compost fertilizer. He will help you choose the right place for it and the right ingredients, as well as reveal the secret of growing fast compost using special biological preparations.

What is compost

Compost is an organic fertilizer obtained by the decomposition of plant components mixed with soil. The word comes from the Latin "compositus", which means "composite".

It is made from several types of organic matter, sprinkled with layers of fertile soil. Sometimes horse manure, a solution of bird droppings or mullein, as well as special biological preparations for rapid maturation are added.

What is useful

The benefits of this product are enormous. It nourishes the soil with microelements, improves the structure, stores moisture for a long time and prevents the development of weeds. Often used as mulch.

You can fertilize with compost mass any garden crops. Zucchini, carrots, cabbage, beets and other vegetables respond remarkably to such top dressing. They bring it under fruit trees and shrubs, under flowers. Mushrooms can be grown in bags filled with compost.

How to make compost and where to place

Making compost at home is a long process, but not too difficult. A large plastic container, a wooden box with holes for air circulation, or a large barrel are suitable as a storage container. You can also dig a shallow hole. The place selected for the compost heap should not be located anyhow. Requires a well-drained site, protected from the sun and wind, located away from moisture-loving plants.

The optimal size of the pit directly depends on the required amount of raw materials. Often the width and depth do not exceed 1-2 m. The bottom is covered with coarse material: straw, broken bricks, gravel, twigs or wood chips. This will help to remove excess moisture and protect against weeds. Then alternate layers of organic matter and earth. The layer of plant components should be 40-45 cm, soil - 10 cm. To prevent the pile from drying out in the open air, it is covered with a layer of leaves or straw.

The more various types of organics in the composition, the more qualitative and useful the mixture will be. A weak solution of mullein or bird droppings will help speed up the process of decomposition of the components.

Compost composition - what can and cannot be added

Each gardener has his own recipe for creating fertilizer. But you should not consider the compost pit as a general waste bin, because only a specific set of ingredients can be used:

cut grass;
hay and dry straw dust;
dry hardwood mass;
sawdust, shavings;
rods;
wood ash and coal;
peat;
thick from coffee and tea leaves;
plants without seeds;
shells from raw eggs;
food cleaning;
bird droppings and manure of herbivores;
shredded paper and cardboard products.

There are also those components that categorically cannot be brought into the compost pit. Some of them rot for a long time and cause an unpleasant odor, while others are prone to infections and fungi:

meat food;
citrus peels;
thermally processed fruits and vegetables;
plants affected by diseases and fungus;
synthetic materials;
chemical substances.

Cooking process

Compost is a mixture of layers of organic matter and soil in which decomposition processes take place under the influence of microorganisms.

It is quite easy to prepare it correctly. A drainage layer is placed in a box or pit. The entire composition is covered with needles, foliage or straw, and then watered with an accelerator, such as Doctor Robik.

How to speed up the maturation of compost

There are many ways to speed up the maturation of raw materials. Some work great, others are less effective. It is impossible to say with accuracy which of the options will work in a particular case, because the speed of the whole process depends on many related factors.

The most common method is mechanical. It involves human intervention during the fermentation process:

the pile is made small, with sides of about 1 m;
all ingredients are subject to thorough grinding;
new components are mixed exclusively as a leaven;
from time to time everyone is spilled with warm water or liquid waste;
digging is carried out 3-4 times a season.

This method will provide accelerated maturation for only a short time. Most often, special substances are additionally used that stimulate aging. EM preparations contain microorganisms that live well in natural conditions and increase soil fertility:

photosynthetic bacteria;
lactic bacteria;
fermenting mushrooms;
actinomycetes;
yeast.

The instructions for the drug indicate the dosage for each specific purpose. For breeding use a clean container filled with cold water. A sweet solution of molasses or sugar syrup is poured into it. This mixture is infused for several days.

EM compost is a fairly quick and relatively good fertilizer preparation option. The microorganisms included in its composition will saturate the soil with irreplaceable components, improve its structure and give the root system additional oxygen.

Preparation of quick EM compost is carried out in several ways.

The aerobic method involves the flow of oxygen to the ingredients. You can place a compost storage on the ground or make a box with your own hands. Drainage is laid at the bottom, and then raw materials are alternated in layers. After two weeks, the mass is shed with an EM preparation and mixed thoroughly. The preparation time is from 2 to 3 months.
The anaerobic method involves airless cooking. Organics are laid out in the pit, spilled with an accelerator and sprinkled on top with a thin layer of soil. Food waste, lime powder and ash can be added to the composition. Compost preparation time is 3-5 months.

If the composition gives off an ammonia smell, wood chips, brown coal powder or seed husks should be added to it.

Determine if the compost is ripe

The composition should always be wet, like a squeezed sponge, but not wet. The finished compost mass is crumbly, loose, dark brown in color and has the smell of forest soil.

Possible problems

Problems can arise at different stages of compost cultivation.

The compost does not ripen. Most often this occurs due to an insufficient amount of wet components in the composition. The heap dries up and the decomposition processes slow down. To remedy the situation, you can add fresh grass, oak leaves or potato tops, and pour sweetened water over the storage.
Mucous structure and unpleasant odor indicate an excessive content of herbal ingredients in the composition. If you add paper, cardboard, fallen dry leaves and straw to the pit, then the problem should disappear.
The appearance of mushroom mosquitoes indicates that the compost is too wet. A small number of insects is the norm, but if there are too many, the mass should be dried.
Ants start up in a dry compost heap. Abundant watering and thorough shoveling will help fix this.

How to make mushroom compost

Making compost for mushrooms with your own hands is very simple.

In bags. Making compost in bags is a simple process. Take 50 kg of straw, 4 kg of dry gypsum, 2 kg of chalk, and urea. The straw is crushed and poured with water for a couple of days. Then it is laid out in a bag, manure, urea and superphosphate are added on top. The composition is kneaded, gypsum and chalk are added.
In compost bins. You can make boxes with your own hands from improvised materials. Their depth should not exceed 20 cm. From the inside, the container is disinfected with formalin. The filler is prepared in the same way as in the previous recipe.

Proper use of compost

The composition can be used for various purposes.

like fertilizer

Compost is suitable for all soils and crops. It is brought in for digging, thereby fertilizing the soil. It is impossible to burn their root system, so there are no exact dosages. However, in its pure form, the mass is not used, but only mixed with the ground. It is most useful during cold periods, as during decomposition, the compost releases heat and warms the plants.

like mulch

The discussed composition is also used during the mulching of the beds. A young, not decomposed mixture will do, which is laid in a thin layer between the rows of plantings. From above it is supposed to cover everything with sawdust.

Like a biofuel

Compost is an excellent biofuel. They fill it in trenches and sprinkle it with earth. Due to its ability to absorb and retain moisture, the compost mix improves sandy soils.

Whether to buy ready-made compost

If there is no time or desire to prepare the compost mass yourself, then it can be easily obtained in a specialized garden department. The name includes the name of the manure contained in the composition: chicken, horse, cow, etc. There is even an Autumn biocompost intended for feeding during the cold periods of the season. And yet it is worth trying to make fertilizer with your own hands. Only then can you be sure of the usefulness of its composition.

Summing up

Compost is a huge help in caring for vegetables, trees and shrubs. They are fed cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini and other vegetables. Bring it under the flowers, which allows you to achieve excellent budding. Apple and pear trees respond to such top dressing with a good harvest.

Compost is needed for mulching plants, because it retains moisture for a long time and is able to release heat when it decomposes. It improves the structure of the soil, makes it loose and more fertile. The mixture contains irreplaceable elements that have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of seedlings.

In a word, this is a unique fertilizer created from the simplest human waste. Using it, you can not worry about additional top dressing with chemicals and get an excellent harvest of garden crops.

What is compost

Compost is a natural organic fertilizer which you can get yourself. It is saturated with various necessary elements and processes, thanks to the waste products of life, the various microorganisms contained in it.

Such a fertilizer is quite simple to make with your own hands on a personal or garden plot. The resulting substance can subsequently be used for the cultivation and further cultivation of biologically and environmentally friendly crops and products.

Having set the goal of how to make high-level compost with your own hands, you need to read and adhere to certain rules in the future, be aware of some subtleties and nuances.

How to make your own compost

Start

To make compost with your own hands, you need to withstand the following conditions and consider the following information.

Choose the time necessary for this event, traditionally these are the months from September to November.

Do not be afraid to start creating humus with your own hands, since this event is quite simple and will not require any serious temporary or financial stress.

Extra information about the compost heap will be a kind of bioreactor. That is, you need to be prepared in advance for the fact that only clean waste will go there, without any chemical or synthetic impurities.

To start making compost yourself, you need to make sure that there are (or can be organized) sufficient conditions for creating humus: a warm and humid place.

First stage

Before composting, need to prepare a place for a compost heap.

With your own hands, a compost heap is created as follows: first, a remote place is selected on the site, fenced off with some organic materials, usually these are simple boards. Of fundamental importance here will be the size of the fenced area. It is necessary to withstand the following dimensions: width - 1.5 meters, length - 1.5 meters, height - 1 meter. If it turns out to be a smaller area, the compost produced will dry out rapidly and at the same time it will not warm up enough inside. All this will lead to the fact that the technology for creating high-quality humus will be violated, since fermentation inside the heap will be too slow. But if you keep the size, such problems will not arise.

The process of transition of the organic mass, consisting of waste, into high-quality humus will take place due to the vital activity of the organisms in it. They will multiply rapidly, due to which the necessary amount of energy will be released. The waste products of these organisms will start all the important biochemical processes and ensure their speedy progress.

Second phase

When the site for creating humus is ready, you can proceed to the next step, how to make humus with your own hands.

What can be put in compost?

For compost, it will be necessary to collect as many different types of waste as possible. It is important to understand here that the more extensive its composition, the more complete the humus will be. Once again, we note that the composition must be from natural materials. Do not allow any synthetic chemical waste into it.

You can safely add the following to the compost heap: various household and household waste, peeled potato skins, stems, seeds and skins from fruits and vegetables, egg shells, leftover bread, tea leaves.

You can put the remains after construction work: shavings, sawdust, thin cardboard, paper.

Agricultural waste (weeds after weeding, chopped branches, unnecessary hay or straw), waste products of poultry, animals. Even natural fabrics, paper, newspapers, etc. will do.

To properly prepare compost, it is important to remember that all waste that is placed in it must be pre-shredded. If this is not done, by putting too large and previously unground waste into the compost, instead of compost, you can end up with just a large garbage dump. The necessary processes, microorganisms and other necessary things will no longer be in it. Accordingly, this will not be humus either. That is, each such mistake in the question "how to make compost" can lead to damage to the collected material.

A proper compost heap also requires proper maintenance. Care in this case refers to its correct cover. It is necessary in order to regulate the amount of moisture, heat and the action of sunlight.

The right decision would be to cover the humus with organic materials as well. It would be appropriate to use thick paper, cardboard, boxes, unnecessary chipboard boards, and so on. In no case should all kinds of polyethylene films and other synthetic materials be allowed. They reduce contact with oxygen, and, accordingly, disrupt important metabolic processes inside the humus. Characteristic smells will help to convince of this.

Third stage

At this stage, we will determine compost readiness for use. On average, compost becomes usable after 8 months from the start of its creation. Determining that the humus is ready for use is very simple. To do this, you need to make sure that the compost material has a homogeneous loose mass, the color of which should be dark brown, and the smell should be characteristic earthy. If these characteristics have appeared in the composted heap, you can safely use it for fertilizer.

Ways to use compost

The material obtained by the above method is an organically important fertilizer that can be used for any horticultural crops. In this case, there are no contraindications, exceptions and reservations. This compost can be used for all cultivated crops., adhering to the same doses that traditionally apply to manure. That is, it will be about 100 or 200 kilograms per one hundred square meters. This valuable humus can be introduced in autumn or spring during plowing or while digging the soil. Applying it is also very easy. It is enough just to scatter it on freshly plowed soil or put it into holes like mulching material.

FAQ

What if the compost was made incorrectly?

Often, beginners, starting to prepare humus for the first time, make various mistakes. If for some reason the compost was not done correctly enough and mistakes were made, this does not mean that it is worth throwing everything away. You can try to correct the situation and loosen the humus. In this way, air exchange will be restored and the necessary processes can be restarted.

What to do if the compote turned out to be overdried?

In this situation, which has arisen due to the fact that, most likely, not enough heat is supplied to the humus material, you can add some moisture yourself. The average moisture content in the composted material should not exceed 60-70 percent.

More often, another situation arises: sometimes the compost material turns out to be too moist due to the fact that work with it is carried out in autumn, and it is most often rainy. If the compost heap is flooded with water, in this situation it is necessary to control the moisture level and close the heap in time.

How to speed up compost time

For any farmer or just a gardener, 8 months of compost ripening is more than a serious period. However, gardeners are waiting for great news. To date, there are several simple measures that allow you to shift the maturation of compost to just a few days. To do this, you need to add specially selected microorganisms to the compost material.. The necessary microorganisms and bacteria are contained in special preparations that have been developed specifically for the rapid production of high-quality humus. They are completely harmless, bring only benefits and excellent results. They ideally take root inside the compost, more than significantly speed up the metabolic processes inside it.

For excellent humus in a few days it is necessary to turn to such a biostimulating drug as "Embryco Compost". We owe its development to the Crimean scientists. This drug helps to ripen the compost heap in just 5-7.5 weeks.

Biostimulator for humus "Embryco Compost"

In addition to the fact that this stimulant effectively accelerates the metabolic processes inside the humus, it has a number of nice additions:

completely removes any characteristic odors inherent in organic waste;
nullifies pathogenic microbes contained in waste;
contributes to the death of weed seeds;
destroys eggs and larvae of various unwanted insects and helminths.

How to use Embryco Compost correctly:

first shake the package until a uniform color is obtained;

after each use, squeeze the package as much as possible to remove excess air from it, and close it tightly. After that, the drug can be used more than once;
for 1 m3 of compost use 100 ml of stimulant. It must be diluted in a ratio of 1:50;
dilution water must be free of chlorine. If this condition is not met, the beneficial microorganisms contained in it may either weaken or die completely.

Possibilities of compost

If the compost turned out right, you can safely expect a lush harvest. And what is especially nice, not only in one season. Good and correct humus can improve the structure of the soil. This allows him to provide productivity for several years ahead.

A good and correct humus contains all the most necessary micro and macro elements for the best growth of plantings.

Compost can improve the immunity of garden plantings to all sorts of adverse conditions, diseases, even pests.

Your personal compost allows you to save a lot on expensive products and rationally use commonly recycled household waste.

It has become much easier to get your own compost thanks to the development of a biostimulator. Now you do not have to wait for the readiness of humus for almost a whole year.

This is nothing but fermented green weeds, grass and tops. By the way - a very good fertilizer and a means for top dressing.

How to make liquid fertilizer?

Green grass roams best. We fill the barrel with freshly cut grass, weeds, add a little urea, pour water to the top and cover with a lid. After 14 days, the green fertilizer is ready.

Before using liquid fertilizer, you need to take out the grass, and use the liquid solution for top dressing. Leave some solution for the next batch of grass.

Why are green fertilizers good?

1. Liquid fertilizer acts on the plant immediately.

2. The acidity of the soil decreases due to the alkaline reaction of the solution.

3. Many microorganisms enter the soil, the secretions of which have a protective effect.

How to use green manure?

Dilute the infusion with water 1:1 or 1:2, water under the root of the plants, after soaking, pour water usually 1:1 (1.5), that is, from 200 liters. liquid fertilizer we get 400-500 liters. top dressing, in a week - another half a ton!

Top dressing is nitrogen, do not overdo it! In autumn, it is useful to shed all future beds with such liquid fertilizers.

Categories

Popular