What is urea carbonate. Carbamide is a nitrogen fertilizer for the soil. The use of urea as a fertilizer

It is quite difficult to grow a healthy plant in the garden and get a rich harvest without the use of additional nutrients. Fertilizers need vegetable and fruit crops, flowers and trees. The most practical and effective in agriculture is the top dressing with Carbamide or Urea. These are white granules with a grayish or yellowish tint. The use of Urea fertilizer is of decisive importance for the development of plants and the maturation of the crop.

Fertilizer Description

Urea The traditional appearance of the fertilizer is white granules with a yellowish or grayish tinge. However, recently Urea has appeared in specialized stores in tablet form. Urea tablets are coated with a layer of a long-term soluble substance, due to which the process of interaction of top dressing components with the ground is significantly slowed down. Consequently, the concentration of nitrates in plants and crops remains within the normal range.

The main difference between Carbamide and other nitrogenous fertilizers is the high concentration of active substances. As a result of contact with microorganisms contained in the soil, urea is transformed into the ammonia form of nitrogen, and then into the nitrate form.

The nitrogen content in the fertilizer reaches 46%, the most effective application is in liquid form, in this case, active chemicals do not burn the leaves. Nitrogen is used by agronomists to control plant growth. Despite the fact that agricultural crops consume this substance sparingly, regardless of the composition of the soil, it is nitrogen that is most deficient. When introduced into the soil, plants absorb no more than half of the total volume, the rest is volatilized during decomposition or washed off by precipitation. It is the mobility of nitrogen that leads to its shortage in the soil and inhibits plant growth.

Benefits of Carbamide

The granules dissolve quickly and without sediment in water.
Nitrates, subject to the correct application of top dressing, do not accumulate in the crop.
There is a rapid increase in the vegetative mass.
In the grains of cereal plants, the protein content increases, the yield of all agricultural crops increases.

Flaws

When preparing the solution, it is necessary to take into account the temperature difference between the fertilizer and the air. In the process of dissolving the granules in water, an endothermic reaction occurs, as a result of which the finished solution is cooled. If you dissolve 20 kg of Carbamide in 100 liters of water, the solution will become colder by 9 degrees. Treatment with such a fertilizer will cause stress to the plants. The permissible difference between the temperature of top dressing and air is not more than 10 degrees.
If the concentration indicated on the package is not observed, burns appear on the leaves and roots, which can lead to the death of the plant. First of all, it concerns the feeding of young seedlings and seedlings.

If the nitrogen deficiency is too high and it is necessary to increase the concentration of the solution, magnesium sulfate is added to it at the rate of 3 kg per 100 liters. This component neutralizes the burning effect of nitrogen and protects plants.

Note: Nitrogen is critical for plants and future crops. It is this substance that takes an active part in the construction of molecules, as it is a constituent component of vegetable protein. That is why the stimulation of plant growth with Urea is a prerequisite in the garden for a high yield.

Compound

Dreaming of a lush, healthy garden and a delicious, rich harvest? Provide plants with protein, which is found in excess in Urea and Urea. The composition of the fertilizer is 46% nitrogen. Top dressing is suitable for any plants and soils. The granules quickly and without sediment dissolve in water, the solution is odorless.

For the manufacture of urea, carbon dioxide and ammonia are used, which undergo pressure and high temperature. As a result, small crystals with minimal hygroscopicity are formed.

Nitrogen is present in Carbamide in an easily digestible form, thanks to which the leaves and root system are actively nourished. The chemical process of interaction of Urea with the soil is long, so the fertilizer is absorbed by plants evenly.

Note: A small amount of biuret is released during granule formation. This is a toxic substance, but it contains no more than 1% in the total mass of the fertilizer; biuret will not cause harm to the plant.

If the storage conditions are observed, the shelf life of Urea is unlimited, however, the warranty period provided by specialized stores is not more than six months. After six months, the concentration of the active substance slightly decreases, which is transformed into ammonia and evaporates. The same chemical reaction occurs due to improper storage. If you store Urea in a room with high humidity, the fertilizer granules stick together and harden.

Instructions for use

First of all, it is necessary to determine whether the plants in the garden have enough nitrogenous fertilizers. The lack of this substance affects as follows:

plants develop unfriendly and for a long time;
shoots are weak, the crown is rare;
leaves are small, pale, fall off quickly.

It is also important to determine the excess nitrogen in a timely manner:

at the very beginning of vegetative development, the plant develops very slowly;
then there is a rapid growth of the crown;
leaves turn dark green;
fruits ripen faster, but at the expense of storage time;
the crop is less juicy and less flavorful.

The introduction of Carbamide is justified during the flowering period and before fruiting. Traditionally, granules are scattered on the site in a certain proportion, sprinkled with earth on top, the surface is leveled with a rake and watered abundantly. This scheme minimizes the evaporation of ammonia, which is formed as a result of the interaction of granules with bacteria and enzymes in the soil. It is better to apply Urea in cloudy weather, after a good rain. The deepening of the granules is also necessary so that precipitation does not wash them off the surface of the site.

Tablets have the longest duration of action, this is due to the fact that according to the production technology they are covered with a special layer, which slows down the process of dissolving the top dressing.

There is a certain scheme for applying Urea, it is important to adhere to these recommendations, otherwise the plants and crops accumulate an excessive amount of toxins.

Fruit tree nutrition

The first top dressing falls on the stage of bud formation and the first inflorescences.
The second feeding is carried out at the initial stage of fruiting.

Urea is actively used in the fight against insects and pests. This treatment is most effective against the apple beetle, aphids, suckers and weevils. Insects are active when the air temperature rises to +5 degrees, so it is advisable to treat trees during the formation of buds on trees. To prepare the solution, add 0.5 kg of granules to a bucket of water (10 liters). Spraying is carried out in late autumn, after the trees have shed all their foliage. The prepared solution is enough to process an area of ten square meters. It is not necessary to spray trees that have remained clean in the summer and have not been attacked by insects.

Note: it is impossible to treat vegetable crops with a solution of carbamide - the active substances of the fertilizer burn the leaves, and the plant may die.

To feed fruit trees, a solution is prepared as follows - one tablespoon of Carbamide is dissolved in one bucket of water (10 liters) and one square meter of area is treated with the resulting solution. The mixture is sprayed around the trunk circle, then the area is leveled with a rake. Such top dressing is carried out in the spring. If necessary, you can repeat top dressing twice more:

at the beginning of fruit formation;
when the first fruits begin to fall.

Top dressing of vegetable crops, bushes and flowers

A week before the start of sowing and planting, urea granules are introduced into the soil to a depth of 8 cm. Less deep fertilization of the site will lead to the fact that part of the nitrogen is transformed into ammonia and evaporates.
Directly in the process of planting and sowing work, Carbamide is poured into the holes, but in this case, an earthen layer must be preserved between the root system of plants or seeds and fertilizer.
The introduction of Urea in liquid form under plants is most effective in comparison with top dressing with other fertilizers with a similar composition. In this case, the active substance does not burn the leaves.

Note: to achieve maximum efficiency and safety of Carbamide, it is possible only if the technology of its application is observed, namely: the correct preparation of the solution, the observance of proportions and the combination of the feeding procedure with irrigation.

When application is not effective

Autumn introduction of Carbamide into the ground is impractical. During this period, the decomposition of microorganisms in the soil occurs, and ammonium is also destroyed.
In early spring, before the start of the growing season, it makes no sense to feed the soil with Urea, as the granules are quickly washed off by rains and do not enrich the soil with nitrogen.

Fertilizer concentration

Feeding concentration depends on several factors:

fertilizer application method;
the degree of soil moisture;
the chemical composition of the soil.

Note: An excess of Urea negatively affects the amount of yield, so it is important not to apply fertilizer during the period of active fruiting of plants.

What can be fertilized

The main condition in the use of Urea is strict adherence to the dosage. Especially when it comes to feeding vegetable crops, which are very susceptible to the application of various fertilizers.

Generalized instructions for using Carbamide

Type of work	Dosage	Special Recommendations
Application to the soil in the form of a solution	For 10 square meters of land 200 grams of urea	Fertilizer is used for areas where vegetable, fruit and berry plants and flowers grow. This top dressing is most effective for tomatoes, potatoes, garlic, strawberries and rose bushes.
Application to the soil in the form of granules	For 10 square meters of land from 50 to 100 grams of granules	The fertilizer is deepened into the soil by 8 cm and watered abundantly.
Landing work	4 grams per well	The granules are thoroughly mixed with the ground to avoid direct contact of the root system with the fertilizer.
tree fertilization	The amount of urea varies depending on the size and type of tree - from 100 to 250 grams per trunk	For non-fruiting apple trees - 150 grams. For apple trees that bear fruit - 250 grams. For non-fruitful cherries and plums - 100 grams. For cherries and plums that bear fruit - 140 grams.
Shrub nutrition	70 grams for each bush	Top dressing is scattered around the trunk, carefully sprinkled with earth and watered. The fertilizer application diameter is calculated based on the size of the plant's root system.
Liquid nutrition for vegetable crops	Dissolve 3 grams of urea in 1 liter of water	The solution is used to feed tomatoes, cabbage and strawberries. One liter is enough for one bush. During the formation of the ovary, you can increase the concentration to 5 grams per liter.
Spraying plants	The concentration of the solution is not more than 1%, to prepare 10 grams of granules, dissolve in 10 liters of water	This volume is enough to process 20 square meters of land.

How to breed for the treatment of fruit trees from diseases and insects

To combat scab, monilial burn and purple spotting, dilute 0.5 kg of granules in 10 liters of water and spray the plants at the end of summer, before dropping the leaves. Processing can be carried out in late autumn, before the first frosts, but in this case, 0.7 kg of granules will be required per bucket of water. Subject to the processing of trees at the rate of 250 ml of solution per square meter, pests will be destroyed.

Note: the preparation of the solution must be approached creatively. If the weather is sunny and hot, it is better to reduce the concentration to a minimum.

Price

Fertilizer sales are increasing every year, as Carbamide is the most popular and sought-after top dressing. The cost of granules depends not only on packaging and manufacturer, but also on seasonality. Therefore, experts recommend buying fertilizer in advance, in this case, you can save the budget.

You can buy top dressing in bags:

1 kg - from 70 to 90 rubles;
3 kg - from 150 to 170 rubles;
50 kg - from 1000 to 1250 rubles.

Carbamide is also sold in wagons:

- 1 ton - from 19 to 19.5 thousand rubles;
- 20 tons of fertilizer cost an average of 250-260 dollars.

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Physical and chemical properties

Carbamide (in pure form)

- colorless crystals, odorless.

Carbamide (fertilizer)

- colorless granules ranging in size from 1 to 4 mm. The mass fraction of nitrogen in terms of dry matter is 46.2%.

Application

Two grades of urea are produced: A - for industry and B - for crop production.

Agriculture

Urea grades registered and approved for use in agriculture in Russia are listed in the table on the right.

Industry

Carbamide is used in industry as a raw material in the manufacture of resins, adhesives, and also in animal husbandry as a feed additive.

Behavior in soil

Urea dissolves in the soil with a soil solution and, under the influence of urobacteria that secrete uraza (a special enzyme), ammonifies in two to three days and turns into ammonium carbonate:

CO(NH 2) 2 + 2H 2 O → (NH 4) 2 CO 3

Ammonium carbonate is an unstable compound, it decomposes in air, forming ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia:

(NH 4) 2 CO 3 → NH 4 HCO 3 + NH 3

For this reason, when urea is applied without incorporation into the soil in the absence of precipitation, part of the nitrogen in the form of ammonia is lost. Such losses are more significant in soils with a neutral and alkaline reaction.

Ammonium carbonate embedded in the soil undergoes hydrolysis. This produces ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium hydroxide:

(NH 4) 2 CO 3 + H 2 O → NH 4 HCO 3 + NH 4 OH

The ammonium formed when carbamide is introduced into the soil is absorbed by the colloidal fraction and gradually absorbed by the plants. It has been established that urea can be absorbed by the roots and leaves of plants without prior conversion. But there is a danger of leaching of urea from the soil that has not undergone ammonification.

As the process of ammonification of urea occurs, temporary local alkalization of the soil occurs due to the hydrolysis of ammonium carbonate. After some time, ammonium undergoes nitrification, forming an acid and moving the reaction towards acidification:

2NH 3 + 3O 2 → 2HNO 2 + 2H 2 O

2HNO 2 + O 2 → 2HNO 3

Thus, carbamide is a biologically acidic fertilizer. But after the assimilation of nitrogen from this fertilizer by plants, neither acidic nor alkaline residues remain in the soil.

Application on various types of soil

Carbamide is used as the main fertilizer on all soils under various crops.

On light sod-podzolic soils

in the zone of sufficient moisture and for irrigation on gray soils, urea is more effective than ammonium nitrate.

In rainfed conditions

when carbamide is equivalent to ammonium nitrate.

On soils with a neutral and alkaline reaction

it is necessary to immediately incorporate urea into the soil when applying to reduce nitrogen losses.

Application methods

Urea is used before sowing and at.

As the main fertilizer, urea is used on all soils and under all crops.

Early spring winter crops are carried out with the immediate incorporation of fertilizer into the soil by harrowing in order to reduce ammonia losses.

Vegetable and tilled crops are carried out using cultivators-plant feeders.

Carbamide is considered the best form of nitrogen fertilizer for plants because it does not burn the leaves and is able to be absorbed by them as a whole molecule, without decomposition.

30.03.2016 36 423

Urea - fertilizer, use in the garden and in the garden

Everyone knows that urea is a fertilizer, the use of which in the garden is of great benefit when growing plants. Also, the industrial cultivation of fruit and berry crops is not complete without urea. The effectiveness, benefits, harms of fertilizers are studied and evaluated by specialists. How useful top dressing is, why it is needed and how to apply it correctly, read the article, and also see the photo.

Characteristics and composition of urea

Urea is a chemical compound that is white (yellow) odorless crystals. A highly concentrated mineral supplement with a high nitrogen content (46%) has a number of features:

high accumulation of nitrogen is combined with good solubility. The risk of leaching into the lower soil layers is low;
slow degradability combined with high mobility;
the use of one kilogram of urea is equivalent to 3 kg of sodium nitrate or 2.25 ammonium sulfate;
the acidifying effect exerted by carbamide upon application is much less than that of ammonium sulfate;
application on sandy, sandy loamy acidic lands is much better in comparison with ammonium nitrate;
the absence of salts of sulfuric acid, chlorine has a beneficial effect on microbiological processes.

Urea can be used as the main, additional fertilizer for all crops on various types of soil. Carbamide is easily soluble in water, volatile forms of chemical elements are released. It is not recommended to apply a dry form, simply scattering over the surface. The effectiveness of such actions is microscopic. Use in the garden, in the garden involves the incorporation of the drug into the soil.

The use of urea in the garden

Carbamide is used on all types of soil, it is most effective when applied to light acidic soddy soils in the presence of an optimal level of moisture. Soils with a neutral, alkaline reaction contribute to the loss of nitrogen; careful incorporation into the ground is necessary.

In early spring, urea is used for all crops. It is applied 7-10 days before sowing to a depth of 6-8 centimeters. Such use can be practiced in closed conditions (greenhouses, greenhouses).

Advice!!! Early spring spraying with urea - before bud break at a dose of 800 g per 10 liters of water, destroys the eggs of wintering stages of pests and has a weak fungicidal effect.

in the photo - watering a tomato

The introduction of urea in the fall does not bring the maximum effect. The released nitrogen upon application begins to quickly break down, the microorganisms actively begin the processes of decomposition. In the autumn-winter period, part of the nitrogen is washed out, the rest goes into the deep layers of the soil. With the onset of spring, few nitrogen compounds remain in the soil, which are necessary for plant growth.

Root, foliar top dressing with urea is widely used in the garden (open, closed ground), garden. Concentrated (5% solution) will not burn young plants. The combination of spraying with irrigation has a beneficial effect on the development of the aerial part, the root system and the plants become strong and powerful. Regardless of the manufacturer, universal fertilizer has the feature of acidifying the soil, this fact must be taken into account when using.

Video: Urea or saltpeter. What are the differences and which is better

Instructions for use

Depending on the structure of the soil, moisture content, method of feeding and, most importantly, the state of the crop, the application rate (dosage) is observed. The following doses are recommended:

in the photo - feeding potatoes with urea during planting

when planting vegetables, 3-4 g of fertilizer is poured into the hole;
top dressing with urea of tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, garlic, garden strawberries (strawberries), cucumbers is made at the rate of 25-30 g per 10 liters of water (1 liter of the finished solution is consumed per plant);
feeding currants until the buds swell (20 grams per 10 liters), gooseberries (2 tsp per bucket of water) until the flower eyes open and during the growth of branches;
flower plants (hyacinths, hippeastrums, roses, irises, callas) at the rate of 5-10 grams per 1 m2;
fertilization of fruit trees, ornamental shrubs is carried out in the near-stem circle along the projection of the entire crown, followed by embedding in the ground, good watering. For young apple trees, 140-150 grams of urea is required, plums and cherries, shrubs 60-70 g. 200-250 grams are scattered under adult fruit-bearing apple trees, plums and cherries - up to 130 g;
fruit and berry crops are fed 5-7 days after the end of the flowering period with re-treatment after 3-4 weeks (1 tablespoon per bucket of water or 15-20 grams of dry agrochemical per square meter).

Foliar top dressing is carried out using a sprayer in the morning and evening hours. To prepare the solution, take one tablespoon of the substance, dissolve in ten liters of water.

One of the important conditions for obtaining a good harvest of berries, vegetables and fruits is the additional nutrition of the soil and plants. And if earlier the choice was limited to ordinary organic matter, now gardeners and gardeners have come to the rescue of modern ones that significantly improve the results of the seasonal harvest. One of the most sought after balanced agrochemicals is. That is why novice farmers are wondering what urea is. Is this substance suitable, for example, for garden or lawn care?

Carbamide fertilizer: advantages

There are many benefits to this tool. When choosing mineral compositions, it is important to know about carbamide, that this is not only the most positive effect on plants, but also the convenience of uniform distribution in the soil. Organic fertilizers, unlike urea granules, are difficult to distribute evenly in the soil, which can lead to poor yields. In addition, carbamide has a long-term effect, so it slowly releases mineral components to horticultural crops.

So what is urea

Let's give a brief description: urea - what kind of substance it is, what are its characteristics and appearance. This in the form of white or translucent crystals is odorless and quickly dissolves in ordinary water and ammonia, as well as sulfur dioxide. Melts at 132.7°C.

Urea fertilizer has the chemical formula (NH2)2CO and is industrially obtained by synthesizing carbon dioxide and ammonia. Of particular value is the high content of concentrated nitrogen (46%), which is so important for plant life. Of the other names for carbamide, the most common is urea, as well as carbonic acid diamide.

The use of carbamide (urea)

And yet, carbamide - what is it: a harmful or useful chemical, and can it be used as a fertilizer for a lawn or garden? Where is it most commonly used?

(NH2)2CO is widely in demand in crop production, horticulture, animal husbandry, as a complete nutrition for the lawn, an additive in the industrial synthesis of resins, the manufacture of fiberboard, at thermal power plants, etc. preparations, and in the food industry - for the production of chewing gum. In other words, the benefits of urea are obvious.

Fertilizer storage, safety measures

Large-scale production of carbamide and other nitrogen-containing substances according to state standards in the Russian Federation is carried out by chemical enterprises in Perm, Tolyatti, Cherepovets, Novomoskovsk.

To prevent the product from caking during storage, its release is provided in the form of granules packaged in moisture-proof bags. By the way, the granular state of the substance facilitates uniform sprinkling on the surface of garden soil, improving the yield of agricultural products.

Packaging containers can be bituminized paper or laminated, and carbamide fertilizer is well preserved in ordinary plastic bags even outdoors. The main requirement for storage conditions is protection from moisture, and in bulk storage it is important to prevent mixing with other compounds. The usual use of urea is six months, but retail products can keep their quality for about 2 years.

In order to ensure safety when working with nitrogen fertilizer, you should wear elementary protective equipment, such as overalls and shoes, rubber or cotton gloves, and a respirator. If such measures are observed, it will be possible to avoid burns and poisoning.

Autumn processing of the garden

Garden treatment in autumn with urea can be done with a solution or dry powder. In any case, this is an excellent tool for periodically spraying plums, apple trees, pears, starting in early spring, until the buds have blossomed. Then the garden is processed after fruit set and at the end of autumn. A solution of carbamide will help protect the future crop from all sorts of harmful insects. It is also a good feed.

Processing the garden in the fall with urea is carried out in the following way. Nitrogen fertilizer (500-700 grams) is diluted in a 10-liter bucket of water and finely sprayed onto the tree and the ground around the trunk. It is best to do this procedure in late autumn, in October-November, at a temperature not lower than +10 degrees.

Carbamide for fruit trees

Spring garden care will help get rid of pest larvae in the soil. In addition, carbamide will somewhat slow down the awakening of, for example, plums, which will protect an early-blooming tree from frost.

To protect apple, plum, pear and cherry trees from aphids, leafworms, and other pests, trees are sprayed at the end of flowering, after about a week.

Carbamide concentration of 7-10% is used for processing in late autumn, which is an important factor in preparing the garden for the next season. The result is an increase in frost resistance, healthy development of trees and fruits.

Carbamide for the garden

Organics are important for the nutrition of plants grown in the garden, but this is not enough for the excellent harvest of the fruits of farm labor.

Urea fertilizer is widely used for growing vegetables as a complete supplement. For zucchini, a double treatment with a liquid solution during fruit set is optimal, and an interval of 10-12 days is sufficient.

For beets, a combination of urea (1 tablespoon) with potassium chloride (15 g) and boric acid (5 g) is ideal, which will strengthen the culture and promote good development of leaf surfaces. A yield increase of at least 20% can be achieved by fertilizing the soil with manganese and copper in the proportion of 10/10/10 g per 10 liter bucket of water.

Cucumbers are more whimsical, therefore, to obtain a good result, they require an integrated approach. Spraying with urea will qualitatively improve and greatly accelerate the fruiting period. Greenhouse cucumbers will develop well thanks to regular foliar feeding already in the 5th week at least 2 times a month. The dosage of mineral compounds is easy to determine independently, based on the recommendations on the packages. The composition may include: urea, potassium and saltpeter.

For tomatoes, it is useful to prepare liquid urea for spraying horticultural crops lagging behind in development (1 tablespoon) at an approximate consumption of 10 liters of solution per dozen bushes.

Processing of berry bushes

Urea can be used to process berries loved by everyone: strawberries, gooseberries, currants and others. This will contribute to abundant flowering and excellent harvest next season. For example, in August it is good to fertilize strawberries with granular urea (30 g).

For gooseberries and currants, a spray solution is prepared: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of carbamide and 2 grams of zinc sulfate and boric acid. The procedure is performed during the ovary and flowering, which accelerates growth by 10-20% and improves the yield.

Carbamide as fertilizer for flowers

Those who are engaged in popular garden flowers or want to surround their home with a beautiful lawn, it will be useful to know that rose, carnation, lilac and delicate lawn grass also require seasonal soil replenishment with mineral nitrogen fertilizer.

For a rose, additional nutrition is important during the period of abundant flowering, which can be carried out every 2 weeks from its beginning with a weak solution of carbamide, as well as potassium and phosphorus.

Carnation cuttings already a month and a half after planting need weekly spraying with urea (50 g) and mullein (1:10).

From mid-May, when the lilac buds begin to swell, the bushes can be sprayed 3-4 times with an interval of 10 days with a 1% solution of urea, and then the garden will delight with lush flowering for a long time and be fragrant with a charming bittersweet aroma.

To create a neat, bright green lawn, urea as a lawn fertilizer is sprayed onto the stems and foliage in the proportion indicated on the package with the composition.

Urea fertilizer price

For nitrogen fertilizer carbamide, the price varies depending on the season and volume (wholesale or retail) - from about 7 to 17 thousand rubles per ton. It is most advantageous to buy this product in advance, in late autumn and put it in storage in a dry room. This is the only way to save a significant amount of money, since the spring shortage will certainly cause a rise in the price tag.

Carbamide is a unique nitrogen-containing fertilizer suitable for almost any soil. It has a stimulating effect on the growth of horticultural crops, saturating them with the necessary trace elements, but at the same time inhibits the reproduction of weeds. Being an affordable, relatively inexpensive supplementary nutrition and protection of garden plants, urea remains at the forefront among other mineral compounds.

4.7 out of 5

Carbamide is a chemical compound that is a derivative of carbonic acid and is also known as urea. About one hundred million tons of carbamide are produced annually on an industrial scale, and it is not surprising - this substance is one of the most popular amides of carbonic acid.

Carbamide: properties and obtaining

Urea is a product of protein breakdown during the life of mammals and many fish, human urine and sweat contain approximately 2% of this substance. Carbamide was discovered in the second half of the 18th century by the French chemist Raul, and identified in 1818 by the English chemist and physician William Prout. Already in 1828, one of the founders of organic chemistry, the German scientist Friedrich Wöhler, managed to synthesize urea (an organic substance) by heating ammonium cyanate (an inorganic substance).

Carbamide has the form of white crystals, odorless and with a bitter-salty taste. The chemical properties of urea are as follows:

excellent solubility in polar solvents (liquid ammonia, ethanol and water, sulfur dioxide);
insolubility in non-polar solvents (alkanes and chloroform).

As noted above, the widespread production of urea is due to the active use of it by mankind. Obtaining urea in laboratory conditions on an industrial scale occurs on the basis of the interaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide according to the Bazarov reaction.

The use of urea

The main use of urea is as a nitrogen fertilizer, which is considered very effective, since the concentration of nitrogen in this compound is about 46%. The amide form of nitrogen, which is part of carbamide, is perfectly absorbed by the leaves of plants, so this fertilizer is used to feed the foliar system of crops. The advantage of a urea solution is that there is no risk of burns, as well as improving the quality of nitrogen uptake by plants and increasing their protein content by 1-3%. As a rule, carbonic acid amide is used to feed cereals, corn, potatoes, and beets.

In addition, carbamide derivatives, herbicides, are widely used in agriculture as substances used to destroy unwanted vegetation. For the needs of agriculture, urea is produced in granular form, which prevents caking and the formation of lumps.

This substance is used in the production of resins and fiberboards, and is also widely used in the furniture industry. In addition, due to its composition, carbamide is used to clean flue gases from nitrogen oxides.

In cosmetology, urea is used in the manufacture of hair care products, deodorants, hair dyes and mouth rinses. Pharmacology uses carbamide as an active ingredient in some drugs..

The food industry also pays attention to urea, urea is known as a food additive labeled E927b. In the food industry, carbonic acid amide is used as a flavor and aroma enhancer, and it is for this purpose that it is used in the chewing gum manufacturing process. The quality of bakery products and flour improves significantly if urea is used as a texturizer in their production.

The effect of carbamide on the human body

For the human body, carbamide is recognized as safe, which makes it possible to use it in most countries of the world. However, the food supplement E927b has a number of contraindications, since when it is used, the level of nitrogen in the body rises sharply. You should stop eating products containing urea, at:

various disorders of the kidneys;
liver failure;
cerebrovascular accident.