How to prune sea buckthorn in spring and autumn. How to properly care for sea buckthorn in the autumn season? How to prune sea buckthorn in spring

Record dated: 7-3-2016

Do you know, dear friends, that sea buckthorn can be successfully grown both as a bush and as a tree. I am also thinking about planting several seedlings on my site to enjoy berries and their products, for example, jam. I studied the issues of crown formation in sea buckthorn, as I want to create something similar to a tree. Love for aesthetics above all, you know ...

The main thing to remember is that for a young seedling in the first season, it is necessary to give the opportunity to simply adapt, not to disturb him in any way. Let the roots penetrate the soil properly, and the plant will feel free and begin to take root. In sea buckthorn, this technique can significantly improve the quality of the seedling.

The formation of sea buckthorn bush or tree

Next spring, cut the seedling at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground, and during the season observe which shoots from the emerging growth are most promising in terms of strength and quality. Extra - weak and unnecessary, cut off with pruners at any time convenient for you. Leave the three strongest escapes, do not worry about sea buckthorn. If the plant has at least one shoot, then it will use all its strength to form it, which means that the quality will be the best!

If something will climb from the root or in the future some new shoots will break through, then remove them without a doubt. It is important to leave the top three. Everything else is up for grabs.

For stem formation do it a little differently, leave the central conductor, or only one strongest shoot. At a height that suits you, give the plant the opportunity to start lateral shoots, but still try to limit the sea buckthorn, do not develop more than 5 branches from the tree. This is not necessary and can only reduce the yield.

Try to keep the remaining branches themselves at the same level in the future, so that none of them takes the initiative, does not take more strength from the tree. But even here it is necessary to warn, since in sea buckthorn flower buds are formed precisely on the upper parts of the shoots, in the spring, do not get carried away with excessive pruning, otherwise there is a risk of being left without a crop.

Crown formation is usually completed in the third season., and then they only try to correct the development of sea buckthorn. First of all, it is necessary to carry out preventive thinning to avoid crown thickening. Plus, the elimination of unwanted strong shoots that will definitely appear, since any fruit plant grows uncontrollably and if you give them free rein, they will turn into a shock of branches where you won’t even put your hand in ...

How to cut sea buckthorn

I already said about the excess shoots, no mercy! Otherwise, your sea buckthorn will simply destroy itself. This also applies to shoots breaking through from the roots. It also needs to be carefully eradicated. It is optimal, of course, to dig out the entire shoot, and cut it into a ring from the maternal root. But even if you regularly cut under the tree, it will be clean. Plus, you can lay a dark near-trunk circle of fabric, such are sold, and then the problem of basal shoots will definitely be removed from the agenda.

I do not advise pulling out shoots from the ground, since the main tree will react painfully to damage to the root system. Sea buckthorn suffers from pulling out tender coppice roots ...

I also advise you to periodically thin out the crown, always start with drying branches, and then cut off the deaf buds growing inside the crown. Also get rid of broken branches, sagging shoots. Do not touch strong branches - let them form a crop.

When your sea buckthorn is already more than 7 years old, proceed with the planned rejuvenation of the branches. First of all, pay attention to those that have stopped growing, have begun to produce insufficient yields. Such branches should be replaced with promising young ones, even if they are tops. Any top can be "remade" into a fruit branch by simply bending down with a garter.

At the same time, it is not necessary to replace all branches immediately during the season., do the replacement in stages, one by one, two branches. In a couple of years, your crown will be completely renewed, and the tree will feel good, stress-free.

Any emergency tree, one that was badly damaged in winter, can be radically update, cutting to a healthy part. Moreover, you can cut even to the root collar - the soul of the tree. If the root neck is alive, then the plant is alive and able to self-repair.

Complete rejuvenation procedure starts with you re-growing a few promising shoots discarded from the cut. Such shoots will grow very rapidly, as a strong root system will deliver a huge amount of nutrition. This method of rejuvenation is one of the best. already in the third year you can get a decent harvest from such rejuvenated plants.

Prevention of endomycosis in sea buckthorn

If you notice branches with whitened and crumbling berries on your tree or bush, then cut such branches into a ring from the conductor. This event will prevent the development of endomycosis - a dangerous fungal infection of sea buckthorn.

If the diseased branch is not cut, then the whole plant will die.. Here we must adhere to a tough position and understand that it is better to lose one branch than a whole plant.

On pruning and shaping sea buckthorn, I'm all, if you have questions, then ask! I will answer everyone.

Aronia in the photo

A large beautiful chokeberry bush can decorate not only the fruit, but also the decorative part of the garden. The natural shape of the crown of chokeberry is round, but the bulk of the leaves and fruiting twigs are concentrated on the periphery of the bush, and the lower part of an adult plant is often exposed even in good light.

However, if the benefits of chokeberry fruits do not need proof, then the decorative qualities of this culture are not fully appreciated. In gardens, it does not grow in the most honorable place, usually somewhere near the fence. However, chokeberry tolerates a regular "artistic" haircut, it can be used to form clipped hedges (of course, the yield will be low). You can also form a standard crown - choose one beautiful shoot, tie it up and shorten the branches so that the crown is compact - active branching in chokeberry usually occurs in the upper part. Do not forget about the beautiful autumn color - in a favorable autumn, chokeberry successfully competes in beauty and brightness with the recognized leaders among ornamental shrubs - euonymus and maples.

Pruning chokeberry is similar to pruning blackcurrant, the difference is only in the size of the bush. When planting a seedling, the shoots are greatly shortened to stimulate the growth of several powerful young shoots, weak shoots are cut out as they appear. It is worth taking a closer look at young shoots especially meticulously and not spare them, since chokeberry is prone to strong thickening. On the other hand, in case of damage, the chokeberry quickly recovers and yields a crop in a year.

In order for the bush to be neat, you need to cut the chokeberry as evenly as possible, at the same height. It is not forbidden to "comb" the bush with pruners if any branches spoil its appearance. Young and strong shoots coming from the root are left - these are the future fruit-bearing branches. Usually 30-40 branches of different ages are left in the bush. Offspring that appear on the periphery of the bush can be used for reproduction.

In most cases, only regular thinning is enough - cutting out old branches. Keeping branches older than 5-6 years is usually impractical, since the yield is significantly reduced, and harvesting from a three-meter height is not very convenient. However, with good care, the branch remains productive for up to 12 years or more. The main criterion by which the fate of a branch is determined is the ability to form high-quality annual growths, since flowering and fruiting occurs on the shoots of the previous year. The optimal length of annual growth in the fruiting zone is about 25 cm.

In industrial gardens, rejuvenating pruning is sometimes used - bushes are cut at a height of about a meter "one size fits all" every 3-5 years. This helps to increase the yield of old branches.

The secateurs are useful not only for pruning, but also for picking fruits - compared to manual picking “by berry”, cutting off whole seedlings quickly and easily, but try not to damage the rings so as not to deprive yourself of the next year's harvest. In a cool, dry place, seedlings laid out in boxes can be stored for up to two months.

In addition, chokeberry can become a rootstock for pears and medium-sized varieties of mountain ash.

This video shows the anti-aging pruning of the chokeberry bush:

Sea buckthorn in the photo

Sea buckthorn pruning is mainly sanitary, it is also necessary to remove root suckers in a timely manner. If you do not pay attention to them, instead of two or three trees, you will get a real “grove” in record time, which will be extremely difficult to get rid of.

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, and it is impossible to change the floor of the tree by pruning. Male plants are distinguished by "promising" large buds, which are sometimes used by unscrupulous sellers. Sea buckthorn gives good yields when there are 5-6 female plants in the "harem" of one male plant. If there is not enough space for several trees, you can graft a sprig of a male plant into the crown of a female one. There are varieties of sea buckthorn that differ in the height of the tree, the size of the fruits and their shades - from light orange to almost red, and theoretically, from sea buckthorn, as well as from an apple tree, you can make a "tree-garden".

When placing sea buckthorn in the garden, remember that this is a wind-pollinated plant, and for good fruit set, the crown must be blown by the wind. In cramped conditions, high yields cannot be expected.

This shrub is prone to thickening and bare branches. Therefore, you will need a rejuvenating pruning of sea buckthorn, for beginners, you can be advised to combine thinning with harvesting, cutting out part of the branches with fruits and “plucking” them at home, in a relaxed atmosphere.

Sea buckthorn fruits are preserved on branches after leaf fall and even in winter. However, we need to think about protecting the crop from birds, sometimes thrushes and waxwings arrive as early as September.

Watch the video "pruning sea buckthorn" to better understand how to perform this responsible event:

The more often sea buckthorn begins to be cultivated on our plots, the more relevant the issues of its maintenance in a cultural form become. This plant tends to form impenetrable thorny thickets, and even thornless varieties grow very quickly. In the article we will tell you how sea buckthorn is pruned, in what time frame.

According to its life form, sea buckthorn belongs to tall deciduous shrubs. Like other fruit plants, its pruning can serve different purposes:

Sea buckthorn does not like pruning, it can react painfully to them. Therefore, any manipulation with a garden tool must be reasonable and expedient. Young seedlings do not touch the secateurs during the first 2 years after planting, giving them the opportunity to take root well and begin free growth. Read also the article: → "Rules for planting sea buckthorn in the country, in the garden, recommendations for care and reproduction."

Optimal timing for pruning sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. The need to plant a male and female plant makes the issue of creating compact forms more relevant.

As for the best timing for pruning sea buckthorn, there is no consensus yet. In most cases, it is traditionally performed in early spring or autumn, after leaf fall. However, some fruit growers have positive practical experience in summer pruning of fruit-bearing sea buckthorn.

Summer pruning has three benefits:

If pruning is performed in spring and autumn, the distribution by type of operation is performed as follows: in spring - shaping, restorative, regulating and rejuvenating; autumn - sanitary.

Technological methods of pruning sea buckthorn

When pruning sea buckthorn, two standard methods are mainly used - the complete removal of the branches “on the ring” and the shortening (pruning) of the shoots with the transfer to a kidney or side shoot. In some cases, other methods may be required. It all depends on the task set by the gardener:

A necessary tool for pruning sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn root shoots are removed by carefully excavating a horizontally running root, and then sprinkling it back.

In order for gardening operations to take place without complications in the form of fungal infections or drying out of sea buckthorn branches, all tools must be clean, sharp and of high quality.

The standard tool kit includes:

• According to the reviews of gardeners, the secateurs of the company "Grinda". This is the best option in terms of value for money. The blades are hardened, coated with Teflon, keep sharpening well.
• When choosing a pruner, you should pay attention to the brand Fiskars. Their products justify their price in terms of reliability and in some cases may allow you to do without a file.
• To facilitate the work of sawing large branches, you can purchase not a manual, but a battery saw - for example, from the company " Bosch. Even a weak female hand can handle such a tool.
• When buying a garden knife, it makes sense to pay attention to the German company "Tina. This is an old brand, not cheap, but it produces knives of excellent quality.

Tip #1 A good garden knife allows you to make perfectly smooth cuts and in some cases can replace a pruner.

Types of garden putty for treating cut wounds

Pruning fruit trees is impossible without proper processing of cuts. Garden putty is used to seal the wound and not turn it into a gateway for pathogens. Traditionally, garden pitch or oil paint based on drying oil is used in this capacity. However, now the choice of putties in garden centers is quite large, and you can try alternative options:

Tip #2 It is not necessary to cover up cuts and cuts with garden soil "in the old fashioned way" - it may contain dormant spores of pathogenic fungi and pathogenic microorganisms.

Formation of a seedling of sea buckthorn by a bush

The blade of a garden knife should be made of good steel and keep sharpening for a long time.

Having prepared the necessary tools and materials, you can begin to trim the sea buckthorn. The most important stage is the formation of the crown. Not only the appearance of the plant, but also its health and productivity will depend on the success of this procedure. Read also the article: → "Peculiarities of planting, growing and propagating sea buckthorn".

To form a neat sea buckthorn bush, the three most developed shoots are left at the seedling, and the rest are removed. The remaining skeletal branches are shortened to a height of 20-25 cm from the soil surface. This is done if the seedling is grafted.

If the sea buckthorn is own-rooted, you can use the growth coming from the root to form a bush. In this case, all available shoots are greatly shortened in the seedling (to a height of 15-20 cm from the soil). Suitable skeletal branches are selected from the most well-placed offspring shoots that will appear shortly after pruning.

Formation of a seedling of sea buckthorn on a bole

On sea buckthorn, formed by a bush, you need to leave no more than 3 skeletal branches, removing the rest of the growth.

The most interesting way to form sea buckthorn is growing as a tree, on a trunk. Its advantage is not only in the greater aesthetics of the form, but also in the fact that this saves space on the site. Another plus of this method of growing is the longevity of the plant. As for the yield, it is the same for both the bush and the tree form of sea buckthorn.

You can form a sea buckthorn tree according to the following plan-scheme:

Some varieties of sea buckthorn are genetically tree-like. These are usually tall plants, so it is necessary to control the process by shortening the center conductor at the desired height and adjusting the crown pruning.

Rejuvenating pruning of old sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn, formed by a tree, must be tied to a strong support in order to avoid breaking the trunk.

Starting from the 7th year of the plant's life, work can begin on the rejuvenation of sea buckthorn. The meaning of rejuvenation is to replace branches that have stopped growing and laying flower buds and reduced yields with young ones.

To replace old branches, a promising side shoot is chosen on them and growth is transferred to it. You can also use tops. No need to worry that they grow vertically. For correction, the top shoot is bent in a horizontal position, a free loop of twine is thrown at it, and the other end is tied to a peg.

After pinching the top, the top will begin to branch and lay flower buds. No need to try to rejuvenate all the branches of sea buckthorn in one season. It is better to break this process into 2-3 stages.

3 mistakes when pruning sea buckthorn

When forming sea buckthorn, it is important to avoid such mistakes:

Mistake 1. Leaving shoots going inside the bush.

Such branches greatly thicken the crown, worsen the regime of illumination and humidity. As a result, the yield of sea buckthorn decreases and the risk of developing fungal infections increases.

Error 2. Strong pruning of lateral shoots.

When performing pruning, it is important to remember that sea buckthorn lays generative buds in the upper part of the shoots. Therefore, it is not worth getting too carried away with shortening them, especially in spring. So you can be left without a harvest.

Mistake 3. One-stage deep pruning leaving many wounds.

The formation of callus in sea buckthorn is rather slow, so the sections on it are not tightened well. If there are too many of them and they are large, the plant may even die. In this regard, such a method of collecting sea buckthorn is categorically not recommended, in which branches with fruits are cut from it.

Questions from gardeners about pruning sea buckthorn

Fruits on undersized sea buckthorn are less pecked by birds.

Question number 1. How to properly cut sea buckthorn so that it does not stretch up?

Low-growing varieties of sea buckthorn will not need to reduce the crown. In tall tree-like varieties, they begin to control growth at the age of 5. To do this, in the fall, after harvesting, the shoots are cut into three-year-old wood (that is, the growths of the last two years are removed). This leaves a small side branch in the whorl.

An interesting way to form a low compact crown is to bend the top of a young tree to the ground and tie it to a peg. This procedure is performed in the second half of summer. At the same time, dormant buds awaken along the entire length of the conductor, from which shoots begin to grow, forming a wide spreading crown. Read also the article: → "Rating of the best varieties of sea buckthorn for cultivation in the Moscow region and Siberia."

Question number 2. After removing the root shoots, the sea buckthorn began to dry. Why did it happen?

Most likely, the root was damaged. Sea buckthorn has many long lateral roots running horizontally. It is necessary to remove the root shoots taking into account this feature, to work with a pruner very carefully, not to try to pull out or dig out an unwanted offspring.

Question number 3. How to care for sea buckthorn after pruning?

The main care after pruning is the processing of slices. Before using garden putty, they can be sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate and dried a little. Watering the plant is also important, especially if pruning was done in the summer. Under a bush or a tree, it is necessary to pour 2-3 buckets of water, depending on the age of the plant and the size of the root system.

Question number 4. If sea buckthorn is completely frozen in winter, is it possible to reanimate it with pruning?

It is possible if only the ground part has frozen out, and the root has retained its viability. In this case, it is necessary to cut the plant down to the root neck, process the saw cut, water it well and feed the sea buckthorn. Soon she will give root growth, from which it will be possible to begin the formation of a new bush or tree. The same is done if the plant is broken by wind or snow.

Sea buckthorn is a useful berry. In nature, it is difficult to collect because of the thorns. Cultivated varieties almost do not have them, the best approach to fruits. All this, thanks to the pruning of garden sea buckthorn. Plant care begins from the first year in life. Gardeners create amazing transformations. They turn sea buckthorn into shrubs, low-growing trees with horizontal branches. Formative, rejuvenating, restorative, sanitary pruning is used.

There are several types of pruning, and each of them has a specific purpose.

1. Forming - the crown of a tree or shrub is shaped. This method is responsible for decoration.
2. Sanitary - prevents diseases, frees the crown from unnecessary elements.
3. Rejuvenating - increases productivity by replacing old branches with new ones.
4. Recovery - a neglected, damaged crown is brought to perfection.
5. Regulating - gives an influx of air, sun.

The choice of a specific task affects how the escape will be deleted. There are only two options: “on the ring” or shortening the branches in order to transfer to an escape or a kidney.

1. Limit the height of the stem, direct the shoot in the other direction - shorten the crown, cut off the branch above the shoot or bud at an angle.
2. To make a branch grow faster or slower - use the banding method. A strip of bark is cut above the kidney for rapid growth, under it - inhibition.
3. Making a young tree bear fruit is the method of banding. Cut out the bark with a width of 1 centimeter near the base of the bole.
4. Remove old branches - remove the shoots "on the ring" in the place where they branch off.
5. Increase the growth of side branches - pinch the crown a month before the end of the growing season.

When to prune a tree

Experienced gardeners prune the tree at any time, but there are some limitations. In the northern regions, it is undesirable to manipulate the tree in the fall, except for sanitization. Slices, cuts do not have time to tighten. The procedure is carried out after leaf fall.

The shaping, rejuvenating procedure is best done in the spring. The plant must be at rest. Regulatory pruning is carried out in the summer. At this time, fruiting, dry, unnecessary branches are clearly visible.

What tools will be needed

Prepare two types of secateurs. One of them, choose a small size, with sharp ends to process thin twigs. The second secateurs need a powerful one with long handles - for thick branches.

1. A hacksaw is required to cut large trunks.
2. For high shoots you will need a lopper.
3. Garden knife.

Treat all tools with copper sulfate.

Schemes and technology

The correct technology depends on which trimming scheme is chosen.

Formative

Throughout life, sea buckthorn forms its crown. Depending on what you want to end up with - a shrub or a tree. It has no effect on fruiting. Here the main choice is decorative. Up to three years, sea buckthorn grows as an unbranched shoot. Then the whorls appear. Their tops should be pinched.

Female specimens stretch up to 1.3 meters, male ones - up to 5. The branches of female trees growing up are tied up and pulled down. Horizontally growing shoots, on the contrary, lift up on supports. Thus, the plant is strengthened. Males are given a pyramidal crown. Branches growing inward and rubbing each other are removed after leaf fall or in spring. The top of the head is trimmed to limit growth.

Formative pruning is carried out in the spring. Within 4-5 years, a crown is formed.

1. 1 year. The seedling grows arbitrarily up.
2. 2 year. The stem in spring leans parallel to the ground. Five vertical shoots appear in autumn.
3. 3 years old In the spring, the extreme shoot is turned parallel to the ground. In autumn, 4 branches will have berries. On the opposite shoot, vertical shoots are formed. The fruiting branch is cut along with the berries.
4. For 4 years, one branch is again disconnected in the opposite direction. The procedure is repeated.

Kustom

In the first year of life, a bush is formed from an ungrafted plant. Leave 5 shoots, cut the rest. To do this, they dig out the root system and cut off the shoot “on the ring”, otherwise two will appear from one cut growth. The tops are cut 25 centimeters from the surface of the earth. So that 4-5 buds remain on each branch. The following year, three powerful shoots are chosen, the rest of the shoots are cut down. In the third year, lateral shoots will appear on the branches. Leave those branches that are directed to the outside. Do not get carried away with strong pruning in the upper part, as fruits are tied there. In autumn they will bear berries.

If you have own-rooted sea buckthorn, then they form a bush from a skeletal branch and shoots coming from the root. The height of all shoots is up to 20 centimeters from the ground. After a season, strong shoots are chosen for skeletal branches.

On the stem

In the first year of life, a seedling leaves one strong shoot. Closely growing "neighbors" are removed. A year later, the trunk is pinched 15 centimeters. Up to 5 buds are left in the upper part. The rest are subject to removal or blinding.

Formation continues at 3 years of age. 5 shoots will appear from the kidneys. Each of them is shortened by equal segments. The bottom of the trunk is cleaned of shoots. Tall varieties should be limited in growth by pinching the crown. In the future, it will be convenient to harvest without resorting to stairs.

Anti-aging

Rejuvenating pruning of adult shrubs that have reached 7 years old helps to increase productivity. Old branches that do not bear fruit should be replaced with side shoots. A powerful process is chosen, the main thing is that the direction is on the outside of the bush. In the process of rejuvenation, 1-3 old branches are replaced.

If tops are used, then they are tied with twine to pegs. Every two weeks, increase the slope in the horizontal direction. Rejuvenation is carried out by shoots, when a young tree is planted in an old place. Sea buckthorn is cut off at the root when shoots appear; leave the strongest.

wellness

Broken, dry branches are removed. The tree is examined for disease. If there are infected places, they are removed from the tree. Do not leave garbage near the trees, be sure to burn.

Is it possible to cut sea buckthorn branches when picking berries

The branches are cut along with the fruits if they are to be pruned in the fall. Young branches should not be touched. The tree will stop bearing fruit.

Tree care after the procedure

Sea buckthorn, after spring or autumn pruning, does not require special attention. It is necessary to carefully process the sections, feed and mulch the plant. If there is no rain, then water it.

Section processing

Sections up to 1 cm in diameter are not processed. Saw cuts of large sizes are treated with garden pitch in the spring. In autumn, oil paint is used.

Fertilizer

The seedling needs organic fertilizer at the time of planting. After the seedling has been planted, the ground is mulched. Organic loose materials are used as mulch. The procedure retains moisture and protects against weeds.

After the soil has received enough nutrition at the time of planting, fertilizer will be required in the third year of life.

In early spring, ammonium nitrate is scattered into the trunk circle and sprinkled with earth. Adult shrubs during the formation of ovaries need phosphorus and potassium. Before flowering, foliar top dressing is applied - Potassium humate. Dosage: for 10 liters of water one tablespoon of the drug. After leaf fall, the plants are fed with mineral fertilizers.

Common pruning mistakes

It is not uncommon for beginner gardeners to make a number of mistakes when pruning sea buckthorn:

1. Leave branches on the tree that go inward. The green crown does not receive enough light, the humidity regime is disturbed, the fruits become smaller. These disadvantages provoke the occurrence of infectious diseases.
2. Side shoots are heavily pruned. But in the upper part, generative buds are formed that are responsible for the harvest.
3. Do not process large cuts, saw cuts. The plant may die. In autumn, a diameter of more than 1 centimeter is smeared with oil paint. In springtime, garden var is used.
4. Leave stumps. Subsequently, they are overgrown with tops that do not bear fruit. Remove the branch under the ring.
5. When harvesting, young shoots are pruned. This threatens the death of subsequent crops.
6. Use a blunt instrument. As a result, the saw tears, the pruner grinds the bark.
7. Ignore pruning. The plant becomes ill from lack of light, produces small fruits.