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  • Full name: LLC "Travel agency "Tourism Council"

    TIN: 7841449397

    Type of activity (according to OKVED): 79.11 - Activities of travel agencies

    Form of ownership: 16 - Private property

    Legal form: 12300 - Limited liability companies

    Reporting is done in thousand rubles

    See detailed verification of the counterparty

    Accounting statements for 2014-2018

    1. Balance sheet

    Name of indicator The code #DATE#
    ASSETS
    I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS
    Intangible assets 1110 #1110#
    Research and development results 1120 #1120#
    Intangible search assets 1130 #1130#
    Tangible Exploration Assets 1140 #1140#
    fixed assets 1150 #1150#
    Profitable investments in material values 1160 #1160#
    Financial investments 1170 #1170#
    Deferred tax assets 1180 #1180#
    Other noncurrent assets 1190 #1190#
    Total for Section I 1100 #1100#
    II. CURRENT ASSETS
    Stocks 1210 #1210#
    Value added tax on acquired valuables 1220 #1220#
    Accounts receivable 1230 #1230#
    Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents) 1240 #1240#
    Cash and cash equivalents 1250 #1250#
    Other current assets 1260 #1260#
    Total for Section II 1200 #1200#
    BALANCE 1600 #1600#
    LIABILITY
    III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES
    Authorized capital (share capital, authorized fund, contributions of comrades) 1310 #1310#
    Own shares repurchased from shareholders 1320 #1320#
    Revaluation of non-current assets 1340 #1340#
    Additional capital (without revaluation) 1350 #1350#
    Reserve capital 1360 #1360#
    Retained earnings (uncovered loss) 1370 #1370#
    Total for Section III 1300 #1300#
    IV. LONG TERM DUTIES
    Borrowed funds 1410 #1410#
    Deferred tax liabilities 1420 #1420#
    Estimated liabilities 1430 #1430#
    Other liabilities 1450 #1450#
    Total for section IV 1400 #1400#
    V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
    Borrowed funds 1510 #1510#
    Accounts payable 1520 #1520#
    revenue of the future periods 1530 #1530#
    Estimated liabilities 1540 #1540#
    Other liabilities 1550 #1550#
    Section V total 1500 #1500#
    BALANCE 1700 #1700#

    Brief balance sheet analysis

    Graph of changes in non-current assets, total assets and capital and reserves by years

    1 excluding the debt of the founders on contributions to the authorized capital

    2. Profit and loss statement

    Name of indicator The code #PERIOD#
    Revenue 2110 #2110#
    Cost of sales 2120 #2120#
    Gross profit (loss) 2100 #2100#
    Selling expenses 2210 #2210#
    Management expenses 2220 #2220#
    Profit (loss) from sales 2200 #2200#
    Income from participation in other organizations 2310 #2310#
    Interest receivable 2320 #2320#
    Percentage to be paid 2330 #2330#
    Other income 2340 #2340#
    other expenses 2350 #2350#
    Profit (loss) before tax 2300 #2300#
    Current income tax 2410 #2410#
    including permanent tax liabilities (assets) 2421 #2421#
    Change in deferred tax liabilities 2430 #2430#
    Change in deferred tax assets 2450 #2450#
    Other 2460 #2460#
    Net income (loss) 2400 #2400#
    FOR REFERENCE
    Result from the revaluation of non-current assets, not included in the net profit (loss) of the period 2510 #2510#
    Result from other operations, not included in the net profit (loss) of the period 2520 #2520#
    Cumulative financial result of the period 2500 #2500#

    Brief analysis of financial results

    Schedule of changes in revenue and net profit by years

    4. Cash flow statement

    Name of indicator The code #PERIOD#
    Cash flows from current operations
    Income - total 4110 #4110#
    including:
    from the sale of products, goods, works and services
    4111 #4111#
    lease payments, license payments, royalties, commissions and other similar payments 4112 #4112#
    from the resale of financial investments 4113 #4113#
    other supply 4119 #4119#
    Payments - total 4120 #4120#
    including:
    to suppliers (contractors) for raw materials, materials, works, services
    4121 #4121#
    in connection with the remuneration of employees 4122 #4122#
    interest on debt obligations 4123 #4123#
    corporate income tax 4124 #4124#
    other payments 4129 #4129#
    Balance of cash flows from current operations 4100 #4100#
    Cash flows from investment operations
    Income - total 4210 #4210#
    including:
    from the sale of non-current assets (except for financial investments)
    4211 #4211#
    from the sale of shares of other organizations (participatory interests) 4212 #4212#
    from the return of loans granted, from the sale of debt securities (rights to claim funds from other persons) 4213 #4213#
    dividends, interest on debt financial investments and similar income from equity participation in other organizations 4214 #4214#
    other supply 4219 #4219#
    Payments - total 4220 #4220#
    including:
    in connection with the acquisition, creation, modernization, reconstruction and preparation for the use of non-current assets
    4221 #4221#
    in connection with the acquisition of shares of other organizations (participation interests) 4222 #4222#
    in connection with the acquisition of debt securities (the rights to claim funds from other persons), the provision of loans to other persons 4223 #4223#
    interest on debt obligations included in the cost of an investment asset 4224 #4224#
    other payments 4229 #4229#
    Balance of cash flows from investment operations 4200 #4200#
    Cash flows from financial transactions
    Income - total 4310 #4310#
    including:
    obtaining credits and loans
    4311 #4311#
    cash deposits of owners (participants) 4312 #4312#
    from issuance of shares, increase in participation 4313 #4313#
    from the issuance of bonds, bills of exchange and other debt securities, etc. 4314 #4314#
    other supply 4319 #4319#
    Payments - total 4320 #4320#
    including:
    owners (participants) in connection with the redemption of shares (participatory interests) of the organization from them or their withdrawal from the membership
    4321 #4321#
    to pay dividends and other payments 4322 #4322#
    on the distribution of profits in favor of the owners (participants) in connection with the redemption (repurchase) of bills of exchange and other debt securities, the return of loans and borrowings 4323 #4323#
    other payments 4329 #4329#
    Balance of cash flows from financial operations 4300 #4300#
    Balance of cash flows for the reporting period 4400 #4400#
    Balance of cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period 4450 #4450#
    Balance of cash and cash equivalents at the end of the reporting period 4500 #4500#
    The magnitude of the impact of changes in the foreign exchange rate against the ruble 4490 #4490#

    6. Report on the intended use of funds

    Name of indicator The code #PERIOD#
    Balance at the beginning of the reporting year 6100 #6100#
    Funds received
    Entry fees 6210 #6210#
    Membership fee 6215 #6215#
    earmarked contributions 6220 #6220#
    Voluntary property contributions and donations 6230 #6230#
    Profit from income-generating activities of the organization 6240 #6240#
    Other 6250 #6250#
    Total funds received 6200 #6200#
    Funds used
    Expenses for targeted activities 6310 #6310#
    including:
    social and charitable assistance 6311 #6311#
    holding conferences, meetings, seminars, etc. 6312 #6312#
    other events 6313 #6313#
    The cost of maintaining the administrative apparatus 6320 #6320#
    including:
    payroll expenses (including accruals) 6321 #6321#
    payments not related to wages 6322 #6322#
    travel and business travel expenses 6323 #6323#
    maintenance of premises, buildings, vehicles and other property (except for repairs) 6324 #6324#
    repair of fixed assets and other property 6325 #6325#
    others 6326 #6326#
    Acquisition of fixed assets, inventory and other property 6330 #6330#
    Other 6350 #6350#
    Total funds used 6300 #6300#
    Balance at the end of the reporting year 6400 #6400#

    No data for this period

    Name of indicator The code Authorized capital own shares,
    purchased from shareholders
    Extra capital Reserve capital Undestributed profits
    (uncovered loss)
    Total
    The amount of capital on 3200
    Per
    Capital increase - total:
    3310
    including:
    net profit
    3311 X X X X
    property revaluation 3312 X X X
    income attributable directly to capital increases 3313 X X X
    additional issue of shares 3314 X X
    increase in the par value of shares 3315 X X
    3316
    Decrease in capital - total: 3320
    including:
    lesion
    3321 X X X X
    property revaluation 3322 X X X
    expenses attributable directly to depreciation of capital 3323 X X X
    depreciation of shares 3324 X
    reduction in the number of shares 3325 X
    reorganization of a legal entity 3326
    dividends 3327 X X X X
    Change in additional capital 3330 X X X
    Change in reserve capital 3340 X X X X
    The amount of capital on 3300

    Additional checks

    Check counterparty Download data for financial analysis

    * An asterisk indicates indicators that are adjusted in comparison with Rosstat data. The adjustment is necessary to eliminate obvious formal inconsistencies in reporting indicators (difference in the sum of lines with the final value, typos) and is carried out according to an algorithm specially developed by us.

    Reference: The financial statements are presented according to Rosstat data, disclosed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The accuracy of the given data depends on the accuracy of the data submission to Rosstat and the processing of these data by the statistical agency. When using this reporting, we strongly recommend that you check the figures with the data of the paper (electronic) copy of the reporting posted on the official website of the organization or received from the organization itself. The financial analysis of the presented data is not part of the Rosstat information and is performed using a specialized

    Introduction

    Russia has a huge potential, both for the development of domestic tourism and for the reception of foreign travelers. It has everything you need - a huge territory, a rich historical and cultural heritage, and in some regions - untouched, wild nature.

    Currently, the tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing forms of trade in services. In many countries of the world, tourism is developing as a system that provides all the opportunities to get acquainted with the history, culture, customs, spiritual and religious values ​​of a given country and its people. A lot of individuals and legal entities, one way or another connected with the provision of tourist services, also work in this area. In addition to a significant source of income, tourism is also one of the powerful factors in strengthening the prestige of the country, the growth of its importance in the eyes of the world community and ordinary citizens.

    Analysis of the financial and economic activities of a tourist organization is one of the most effective tools for accounting and monitoring the level of use of material, labor and financial resources, which is determined by the practical use of its results in production planning and evaluation of efficiency and quality of work. An analysis of the financial and economic activities of a tourism organization is designed to characterize changes in the material and technical base of the organization and performance indicators, to provide a deep economic justification for decisions through which management functions are implemented. The analysis reveals the effectiveness of the use of the resources placed at the disposal of the tourist organization, the reserves for further growth in labor productivity, reducing the cost of the tourist product and increasing the profitability of activities. In our time, when a huge number of Russian tourist organizations are in a difficult financial situation, the improvement of the financial condition of a tourist organization is of great importance.

    It is the relevance of this problem that determines the choice of the topic of the work.

    The research objectives are as follows:

    1) consider the essence and legal regulation of the financial condition of the tourist organization;

    2) to consider a system of indicators characterizing the system of indicators of a tourism organization;

    3) analyze the financial condition of the tourist organization under study, in particular, conduct a vertical and horizontal analysis of the balance sheet, calculate and analyze the coefficients of financial stability, business activity, liquidity and solvency, consider the probability of bankruptcy of the tourist organization;

    4) develop ways to improve the activities of the tourist organization under study.

    The object of the study is Sputnik Limited Liability Company (Sputnik LLC).

    The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

    and financial analysis of its indicators

    1.1. Indicators of economic activity of a travel company

    One of the main requirements for the functioning of tourism organizations and their associations in a market economy is the break-even of economic and other activities, the reimbursement of expenses by their own income and the provision of a certain amount of profitability, profitability of management. The main task of tourist organizations is economic activity aimed at making a profit to meet the social and economic interests of members of the workforce and the interests of the owner of the property of the enterprise. The main indicators characterizing the results of the commercial activities of tourism organizations are gross income, other income, distribution costs, profit and profitability.

    The purpose of the analysis of volumetric indicators of the activities of tourism organizations is to identify, study and mobilize reserves for income growth, profits, increase profitability while improving the quality of customer service for tourism organizations. In the process of analysis, they check the degree of fulfillment of plans for income, costs, profits, profitability, study their dynamics, determine and measure the influence of factors on the results of the commercial activities of tourism organizations, identify and mobilize reserves for their growth, especially forecast ones. One of the main tasks of the analysis is also to study the economic feasibility and efficiency of the distribution and use of profits.

    To achieve these goals, tourism organizations must solve the following tasks:

    Evaluate the extent to which profit maximization was ensured;

    in cases of unprofitable work, the reasons for such management are identified and ways out of the current situation are determined;

    · consider incomes on the basis of their comparison with expenses and reveal profit from realization;

    · study trends in income changes for the main groups of tourism products and in general from the activities of a tourism organization;

    · identify what part of the income is used to reimburse costs, taxes and generate profits;

    · calculate the deviation of the amount of balance sheet profit compared to the amount of profit from sales and determine the reasons for these deviations;

    · investigate various indicators of profitability for the reporting period and in dynamics;

    · identify reserves to increase profits and increase profitability and determine how and when it is possible to use these reserves;

    · study the directions of use of profits and assess whether financing is provided at the expense of own funds for the development of economic activity.

    In practice, external and internal analysis is used.

    External analysis is based on published reporting data and therefore contains a limited part of information about the activities of tourism organizations. aim its is to assess the profitability of the tourism organization, the efficiency of capital use. The results of this assessment are taken into account in the relationship of the tourist organization with the founders, creditors, tax authorities and serve as the basis for determining the position of this enterprise in the market, in the industry and in the business world. Naturally, the published information does not affect all areas of the enterprise, contains aggregated data, mainly on their financial activities of tourism organizations, and therefore has the ability to smooth out and veil the negative phenomena that take place in the activities of tourism organizations.

    Of greatest importance in evaluating the performance of tourism organizations and determining measures to increase profits and increase profitability is internal analysis. It is based on the use of the whole complex of economic information, primary documents and analytical, statistical, accounting and reporting data. The analyst has the opportunity to realistically assess the state of affairs in the enterprise. He can obtain from the primary source reliable information about the pricing policy of the enterprise and its income, about the formation of profit from sales, about the structure of costs and other expenses, assess the position of the enterprise in the markets of tourist services, about gross (balance sheet) profit, etc.

    An integrated approach to the study of the final results of the commercial activities of tourism organizations allows you to make informed management decisions in the course of current activities, contributes to the choice of the best options for action in the future.

    To analyze the efficiency of production and the financial condition of the enterprise, various methods and indicators are used. First of all, this is a system of indicators that characterizes the efficiency of the use of resources, their return; profitability indicators.

    Profitability is one of the generalizing indicators characterizing the economic efficiency of the economic activity of any organization.

    Profitability indicators characterize the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole, the profitability of various areas of activity (entrepreneurial, investment), cost recovery, etc. They reflect the final results of management more fully than profit, because their value shows the ratio of the effect to the cash or resources used. They are used to evaluate the activities of the enterprise and as a tool in investment policy and pricing.

    Profitability indicators can be combined into several groups:

    1) indicators characterizing the payback of costs and investment projects,

    2) indicators characterizing the profitability of sales,

    3) indicators characterizing the profitability of capital and its parts.

    All indicators can be calculated on the basis of gross profit, profit from sales and net profit.

    Profitability is measured mainly by two indicators.

    The first is determined by the ratio of profit from sales to the full commercial cost, expressed as a percentage. This indicator characterizes how much profit falls on 1 ruble of sales, i.e. characterizes the payback of all current costs.

    R 3 \u003d P rp / Z rp (1)

    R 3 \u003d PE / Z rp (2)

    It shows how much the company has profit from each ruble spent on the sale of the tourist product. It can be calculated as a whole for the enterprise, its individual divisions and types of goods (works, services).

    The second indicator of profitability characterizes the effectiveness of the use of funds. It is defined as the ratio of profit from sales to the average annual cost of fixed and circulating production assets.

    P total \u003d P b / (O s + O b) (3)

    Thus, both indicators of profitability (the level of profitability) characterize the payback of both current costs and all material resources.

    Profitability of sales (turnover) - the ratio of profit from sales or net profit to the amount of revenue received:

    R 3 \u003d P rp / V (4)

    R 3 \u003d CHP / V (5)

    R p \u003d Profit / Sales (6)

    It characterizes the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity: how much profit the company has from the ruble of sales. This indicator is widely used in a market economy. It is calculated as a whole for the tourism organization and for certain types of goods (works, services).

    In addition, the return on fixed capital is calculated:

    Р sk \u003d Profit / Fixed capital (7)

    And return on equity

    Rsk \u003d Profit / Equity (8)

    The return on equity characterizes the effectiveness of the use of capital invested in the economic activity of the tourist organization at the expense of its own sources of financing.

    In the process of analysis, the dynamics of the listed profitability indicators is studied, the implementation of the plan in terms of their level, and inter-farm comparisons are made with competing enterprises.

    1.2. The role of economic analysis in improving efficiency

    economic activities of a travel company

    Financial analysis is a method of understanding the financial mechanism of an enterprise, the processes of formation and use of financial resources for its operational and investment activities. The result of financial analysis is an assessment of the financial well-being of the enterprise, the state of its property - assets and liabilities of the balance sheet, the rate of turnover of all capital and its individual parts, the profitability of the funds used. From the standpoint of the financial activities of any commercial organization, the need to solve two main tasks is inherent:

    1) maintaining the ability to meet current financial obligations;

    2) ensuring long-term financing in the desired volumes and the ability to painlessly maintain the existing or desired capital structure.

    These tasks are formed in terms of characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise from the perspective of the short and long term, respectively.

    The fundamental concepts in this section of the analysis methodology are "liquidity" and "solvency".

    The liquidity level of an enterprise is assessed using special indicators - liquidity ratios based on a comparison of working capital and short-term liabilities.

    Solvency means the availability of funds and their equivalents sufficient to settle accounts payable requiring immediate repayment. Thus, the main signs of solvency are: the presence of sufficient funds in the current account; no overdue accounts payable.

    The liquidity analysis of a travel organization is an analysis of the liquidity of the balance sheet and consists in comparing the funds for an asset, grouped by the degree of liquidity and arranged in descending order, with liabilities for liabilities, combined by maturity in ascending order.

    Depending on the degree of liquidity, i.e. the speed of conversion into cash, the assets of a tourism organization are divided into the following groups:

    The most liquid assets A 1:

    amounts for all items of funds that can be used for settlements immediately (line 260);

    short-term financial investments (securities) (line 250)

    A 1 = line 260 + line 250 (9)

    Quickly realizable assets A 2 - assets that require a certain time to turn into cash, -

    receivables (payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date) (line 240);

    other receivables (line 260):

    A 2 = line 240 + line 270 (10)

    Slowly realizable assets А 3 – nominal liquid assets –

    stocks, except for the line "Calculations of future periods" (line 210);

    value added tax on acquired valuables (line 220);

    receivables (payments for which are expected more than 12 months after the reporting date) (line 230);

    other inventories (line 217).

    A 3 \u003d line 210 + line 220 + line 230 - line 217 (11)

    Hard-to-sell assets A 4 - all articles of section 1 of the balance sheet "Non-current assets" (line 190):

    A 4 = line 190 (12)

    These assets are intended to be used in economic activities for a sufficiently long period of time.

    The first three groups of assets may change constantly during the business period and refer to the current assets of the tourism organization. They are more liquid than the rest of the firm's assets.

    The organization's liabilities (balance sheet liabilities) are also grouped into four groups and arranged according to the degree of urgency of their payment.

    The most urgent obligations P 1:

    accounts payable (line 620);

    debt to participants (founders) for the payment of income (line 630);

    other current liabilities (line 660);

    P 1 = line 620 + line 630 + line 660 (13)

    Short-term liabilities R 2 –

    short-term loans and credits (line 610);

    P 2 = line 610 (14)

    Long-term liabilities P 3:

    long-term loans and borrowings, items in section 4 of the balance sheet (line 590).

    P 3 = line 590 (15)

    Permanent liabilities P 4:

    articles of section 3 of the balance sheet "Capital and reserves" (line 490);

    separate articles of section 5 of the balance sheet "Current liabilities" that were not included in the previous groups (line 217);

    deferred income (line 640);

    reserves for future expenses (line 650).

    To maintain the balance of assets and liabilities, the total of this group should be reduced by the sum under the item "Deferred expenses".

    P 4 \u003d line 490 + line 640 + line 650 - line 217 (16)

    An organization is considered liquid if its current assets exceed its current liabilities. The real degree of liquidity and its solvency can be determined on the basis of the liquidity of the balance sheet.

    At the first stage of the analysis, these groups of assets and liabilities are compared in absolute terms. The balance sheet is considered liquid, subject to the following ratios of groups of assets and liabilities:

    A 3 ≥ P 3 (17)

    If three conditions are met (A1 P1, A2 P2, A3 P3), i.e. current assets exceed the external liabilities of the organization, then the last condition is also fulfilled: A4 P4 (it confirms that the organization has its own working capital and means compliance with the minimum condition for financial stability).

    Failure to fulfill one of the first three inequalities indicates a violation of the liquidity of the balance sheet. At the same time, the lack of funds in one group of assets is not compensated by their excess in another group, since compensation can only be in terms of cost; in a real payment situation, less liquid assets cannot replace more liquid ones.

    Comparison of the most liquid and quickly realizable assets with the most urgent liabilities and short-term liabilities shows the current liquidity, i.e. solvency or insolvency of the organization in the nearest time by the time of the analysis.

    Comparison of slow-moving assets with long-term liabilities shows prospective liquidity, i.e. organization solvency forecast.

    The above coefficients make it possible to diagnose the results of the financial and economic activities of a tourism organization, to establish and evaluate its financial position, to understand why this situation arose, to develop ways to improve the efficiency, solvency and financial stability of a tourism organization.

    status of the travel company Sputnik LLC


    An analysis of the current situation of the tourist organization under study should be supplemented by a forecast for the operation of the enterprise, which should determine the prospects for its improvement or deterioration in case of:

    maintaining existing trends;

    probable changes in the external environment of the enterprise;

    · minor adjustments in domestic policy without the use of significant external sources of support;

    implementation of various possible investment projects.

    Forecast based on current trends can be short-term and medium-term, the methods of such analysis require separate consideration. Such a forecast should show the degree of danger of the prevailing negative and, perhaps, not too noticeable trends, the probable strengthening of the still inconspicuous positive trends.

    The forecast of the external environment of a tourism organization in terms of the financial parameters of the enterprise should pose and solve the following problems:

    • expected government measures in the field of taxation, budget, investment, etc.;

    · the expected dynamics of macroeconomic parameters that can affect the fate of certain industries, regions, enterprises;

    the expected strategy of competitors and its impact on the performance of the enterprise we are considering;

    expected results of scientific and technological progress, trends in the field of ecology, safety, quality, etc.

    Subsequent forecasting actions should show the possibility and, conversely, the impossibility, given the emerging external trends and the potential of the enterprise, to count on the improvement of the enterprise by using only internal resources and without a significant restructuring of the enterprise.

    The logic behind this prediction is as follows:

    · according to the current dynamics of balance sheet items of assets and liabilities in relation to the income and expenses of the enterprise or on the basis of expert assessments, it is necessary to evaluate the expected effectiveness of assets;

    Comparison of the expected efficiency of assets with the expected value of liabilities will show the development potential of the enterprise, the dynamics of the market price of its shares;

    · if unfavorable trends are detected, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of reserves that are not taken into account in balance sheets and reports - the presence of unrealized scientific and technical developments, rationalization proposals, special rights and privileges.

    If it is impossible to recover through a smooth reform and taking into account the presented options for the company's strategy, the question is raised about possible financial recovery projects, including partial or complete restructuring of the enterprise's production facilities.

    A tourism organization's financial recovery business plans are descriptions of a financial recovery strategy. Their task is to determine the main areas of work and the expected overall effectiveness. For potential investors, such business plans serve as guidelines for choosing investment objects; for corporations themselves, they serve as the basis for developing more specific planning documents: marketing plans, production plans, work schedules, etc.

    The development of business plans for the financial recovery of a tourist organization is similar to the well-known task of determining the strategy of an enterprise, but in specific conditions, when negative trends were not detected in a timely manner and neutralized in any way, as a result of which the corporation fell into a debt hole, and the negative aspects of various aspects of the enterprise's activities were launched.

    Stabilization of the activities of a tourism organization during a crisis period is a necessary condition for its withdrawal from the crisis, at this stage it is necessary to localize and minimize the possible consequences of a risky borrowing policy, which led to a poor quality of financial condition. The stabilization process (Fig. 2) is a set of measures to reduce the credit burden.

    As the analysis shows, the main reasons for the deterioration in the quality of the financial condition of a tourism organization are:

    · uncontrolled growth of debts of the enterprise;

    deterioration in the quality of receivables;

    Wrong assortment policy and lack of demand for sold tourist products and services;

    increase in company costs, etc.

    In accordance with the identified reasons that affect the deterioration of the quality of the financial condition of the enterprise, measures are taken to fix and minimize them. Let's take a look at these events in the order they are listed.

    Rice. 2. The process of stabilizing the financial condition of the enterprise


    With an uncontrolled increase in the debts of a tourist organization, measures are taken to close loan agreements, and under existing agreements, debt restructuring is carried out using the following procedures:

    assignment of claims;

    · re-registration of debts into bills of exchange with a fixed date of repayment.

    After the application of these measures, the burden of servicing enterprise loans is reduced and stretched for a longer period.

    If the quality of receivables deteriorates, the following measures can be used:

    factoring with the bank - the account holder of the enterprise - the debtor;

    Obtaining rights to use the dealer and retail network of the debtor enterprise;

    · re-registration of receivables into bills of exchange with the possibility of their subsequent transfer to creditors of the enterprise.

    If there is a lack of demand for tourism products sold by a tourist organization, various marketing moves can be used, as well as radical measures to reorient the assortment policy, however, such events are costly, so their implementation needs a clear feasibility study.

    An increase in the costs of a tourist organization often indicates a low organization of financial flows within the enterprise. One of the most acceptable ways to streamline financial flows within an enterprise is the budgeting of production processes.

    In addition to preliminary measures in a crisis situation of a tourism organization, a monitoring procedure can also be applied.

    Thus, the strategy for the financial recovery of a tourist organization includes both a plan for fundamental changes in the activities of the enterprise (partial or complete restructuring) and a solution to the problem of accumulated debt obligations.


    But today the tourism potential of Russia is not fully utilized. Over the past three years, the annual income from international tourism has amounted to only 70-75 million dollars. Although under certain conditions, according to the most conservative estimates of experts, this figure can be up to 400-500 million dollars a year.

    The main goal of developing the tourism sector should be to form a modern competitive tourism complex that meets the needs of both Russian and foreign citizens, as well as creates conditions for the sustainable development of tourism in Russia. It is necessary to strive to create a sustainable, environmentally and socially oriented, highly profitable tourism industry that brings stable foreign exchange earnings and creates new jobs. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to form a modern strategy for promoting the tourism product in the domestic and international markets, to create conditions for the development of domestic and inbound tourism, and, of course, to improve the quality of tourism services.

    The purpose of the study was to analyze the financial and economic activities of the tourist organization and its financial condition, the development of measures to improve it in modern conditions.

    In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were solved in the work:

    1) the essence and fundamentals of the analysis of the financial condition of a tourist organization are considered;

    2) a system of indicators characterizing the system of indicators of a tourism organization is considered;

    3) the financial condition of the tourist organization under study was analyzed, in particular, a vertical and horizontal analysis of the balance sheet was carried out, the coefficients of financial stability, business activity, liquidity and solvency of the tourist organization were calculated and analyzed;

    4) developed ways to improve the activities of the tourist organization under study.

    The object of study in the work is the limited liability company "Sputnik" (LLC "Sputnik").

    LLC "Sputnik" offers services for organizing excursions, compiled on topics of interest to tourists, provides transport services and catering services. The seasonal nature of the tourism business makes it necessary to develop other types of activities - servicing businessmen who need to organize travel arrangements; organization of so-called shopping tours.

    Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. Revenue from the sale of Sputnik LLC increased by 88.41% over the period under study. At the same time, the growth rate of the cost of goods sold (works, services) is higher than the growth rate of sales proceeds (the cost price increased by 106.93%), which led to the fact that the profit from sales increased by only 25.82%.

    Summarizing the above analysis, we can say that at this enterprise during the study period there was an increase in the property potential of the enterprise. In order to talk about the effectiveness of this potential, it is necessary to analyze this company for liquidity and solvency and find out whether the company will be able to repay all its short-term obligations without violating the maturity dates, and whether the company has a sufficient amount of cash and cash equivalents sufficient to settle accounts payable requiring immediate repayment.

    If we take into account the fact that the enterprise in question is capital-intensive and the turnover of assets for the reporting period increased, but if we take into account the fact that the value of the absolute liquidity ratio has a very low value at the end of the reporting period (0.006 at the end of 2009), we can say that this trend can lead an enterprise to the brink of bankruptcy if several large loans simultaneously require urgent repayment of debts.

    An analysis of the current situation of the tourist organization under study should be supplemented by a forecast for the operation of the enterprise, which should determine the prospects for its improvement.

    2. Civil Code of the Russian Federation Part 2, Federal Law of January 26, 1996 No. 14-03 (as amended of December 17, 2002 No. 213-FZ).

    3. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation, part one of July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ and part two of August 5, 2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on December 31, 2003).

    4. Federal Law of October 26, 2002 N 127-FZ "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" (as amended on August 22, December 29, 31, 2008, October 24, 2007, July 18, December 18, 2009 , February 5, April 26, July 19, 2007)

    5. Bakanov M.I. , Sheremet A.D. Theory of economic analysis. Textbook. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    6. Efimova O. V. Financial analysis - M.: Accounting, 2009.

    7. Ionova A.F., Selezneva N.N. Methods of analysis in financial management. Part I. Assessment of the property status of the organization. – M.: BINFA, 2007.

    8. Kovalev V.V. Financial analysis: Money management. Choice of investments. Reporting analysis. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    9. Kreinina M.N. The financial condition of the enterprise. Evaluation methods.- M.: IKTs Dis, 2009.

    10. Kreinina M.N. Analysis of the financial condition and investment attractiveness of joint-stock companies in industry, construction and trade. - M.: AODIS, MVCentre, 2009.

    11. Krylov E.I. Analysis of production efficiency, scientific and technological progress and economic mechanism. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    14. Sedova E.I., Pogorelova K.A. Preparation for the balance commission. Analysis of accounting (financial) statements using financial ratios // Accountant consultant, N 4, April 2007

    15. Solonenko A.A. Features of the methodology of financial analysis of insolvent organizations // Financial Bulletin: Finance, Taxes, Insurance, Accounting, N 2, January 2007

    16. Directory of the financier of the enterprise. - M.: INFRA-M, 2009.

    17. Stanislavchik E. Financial stability and financial leverage // Financial newspaper, N 28, July 2009.

    18. Stanislavchik E. Assessment of profitability and risk in the framework of the analysis of the financial condition // Financial newspaper, N 37, September 2007.

    19. Filobokova L., Financial analysis in small business // Financial newspaper. Regional issue, N 28, July 2009.

    20. Heddevik K. Financial and economic analysis of enterprises. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    21. Sheremet A.D., Saifulin R.S. Methods of financial analysis - M.: INFRA-M, 2009.

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    Financial analysis of the enterprise on the example of a travel agency

    Introduction

    1. Travel companies, their economic activities and financial analysis of their displayabodies

    1.1 Indicators of economic activity of a travel company

    1.2 The role of economic analysis in improving the efficiency of economic activityabouttravel agency

    2. Analysis of the financial condition of the travel company LLC "Satellite»

    2.1 Indicators and types of services provided by the travel company LLC "Satellite»

    2.2 Analysis of the property status and financial resources of the travel company LLC "Satellite»

    2.3 Analysis of the financial condition of the travel company LLC "Satellite»

    3. Development of measures to improve the financial condition of the travel company LLC "Satellite»

    Conclusionse

    List of used literature

    Introduction

    Russia has a huge potential, both for the development of domestic tourism and for the reception of foreign travelers. It has everything you need - a huge territory, a rich historical and cultural heritage, and in some regions - untouched, wild nature.

    Currently, the tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing forms of trade in services. In many countries of the world, tourism is developing as a system that provides all the opportunities to get acquainted with the history, culture, customs, spiritual and religious values ​​of a given country and its people. A lot of individuals and legal entities, one way or another connected with the provision of tourist services, also work in this area. In addition to a significant source of income, tourism is also one of the powerful factors in strengthening the prestige of the country, the growth of its importance in the eyes of the world community and ordinary citizens.

    Analysis of the financial and economic activities of a tourist organization is one of the most effective tools for accounting and monitoring the level of use of material, labor and financial resources, which is determined by the practical use of its results in production planning and evaluation of efficiency and quality of work. An analysis of the financial and economic activities of a tourism organization is designed to characterize changes in the material and technical base of the organization and performance indicators, to provide a deep economic justification for decisions through which management functions are implemented. The analysis reveals the effectiveness of the use of the resources placed at the disposal of the tourist organization, the reserves for further growth in labor productivity, reducing the cost of the tourist product and increasing the profitability of activities. In our time, when a huge number of Russian tourist organizations are in a difficult financial situation, the improvement of the financial condition of a tourist organization is of great importance.

    It is the relevance of this problem that determines the choice of the topic of the work. travel company financial fortune

    The research objectives are as follows:

    1) consider the essence and legal regulation of the financial condition of the tourist organization;

    2) to consider a system of indicators characterizing the system of indicators of a tourism organization;

    3) analyze the financial condition of the tourist organization under study, in particular, conduct a vertical and horizontal analysis of the balance sheet, calculate and analyze the coefficients of financial stability, business activity, liquidity and solvency, consider the probability of bankruptcy of the tourist organization;

    4) develop ways to improve the activities of the tourist organization under study.

    The object of the study is Sputnik Limited Liability Company (Sputnik LLC).

    The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

    1. Travel companies, their economic activity and financial analysis of its indicators

    1.1 Indicators of economic activity of a travel company

    One of the main requirements for the functioning of tourism organizations and their associations in a market economy is the break-even of economic and other activities, the reimbursement of expenses by their own income and the provision of a certain amount of profitability, profitability of management. The main task of tourist organizations is economic activity aimed at making a profit to meet the social and economic interests of members of the workforce and the interests of the owner of the property of the enterprise. The main indicators characterizing the results of the commercial activities of tourism organizations are gross income, other income, distribution costs, profit and profitability.

    The purpose of the analysis of volumetric indicators of the activities of tourism organizations is to identify, study and mobilize reserves for income growth, profits, increase profitability while improving the quality of customer service for tourism organizations. In the process of analysis, they check the degree of fulfillment of plans for income, costs, profits, profitability, study their dynamics, determine and measure the influence of factors on the results of the commercial activities of tourism organizations, identify and mobilize reserves for their growth, especially forecast ones. One of the main tasks of the analysis is also to study the economic feasibility and efficiency of the distribution and use of profits.

    To achieve these goals, tourism organizations must solve the following tasks:

    Evaluate the extent to which profit maximization was ensured;

    in cases of unprofitable work, the reasons for such management are identified and ways out of the current situation are determined;

    · consider incomes on the basis of their comparison with expenses and reveal profit from realization;

    · study trends in income changes for the main groups of tourism products and in general from the activities of a tourism organization;

    · identify what part of the income is used to reimburse costs, taxes and generate profits;

    · calculate the deviation of the amount of balance sheet profit compared to the amount of profit from sales and determine the reasons for these deviations;

    · investigate various indicators of profitability for the reporting period and in dynamics;

    · identify reserves to increase profits and increase profitability and determine how and when it is possible to use these reserves;

    · study the directions of use of profits and assess whether financing is provided at the expense of own funds for the development of economic activity.

    In practice, external and internal analysis is used.

    External analysis is based on published reporting data and therefore contains a limited amount of information about the activities of tourism organizations. Its purpose is to assess the profitability of the tourist organization, the efficiency of capital use. The results of this assessment are taken into account in the relationship of the tourist organization with the founders, creditors, tax authorities and serve as the basis for determining the position of this enterprise in the market, in the industry and in the business world. Naturally, the published information does not affect all areas of the enterprise, contains aggregated data, mainly on their financial activities of tourism organizations, and therefore has the ability to smooth out and veil the negative phenomena that take place in the activities of tourism organizations.

    Of greatest importance in evaluating the performance of tourism organizations and identifying measures to increase profits and increase profitability is internal analysis. It is based on the use of the whole complex of economic information, primary documents and analytical, statistical, accounting and reporting data. The analyst has the opportunity to realistically assess the state of affairs in the enterprise. He can obtain from the primary source reliable information about the pricing policy of the enterprise and its income, about the formation of profit from sales, about the structure of costs and other expenses, assess the position of the enterprise in the markets of tourist services, about gross (balance sheet) profit, etc.

    An integrated approach to the study of the final results of the commercial activities of tourism organizations allows you to make informed management decisions in the course of current activities, contributes to the choice of the best options for action in the future.

    To analyze the efficiency of production and the financial condition of the enterprise, various methods and indicators are used. First of all, this is a system of indicators that characterizes the efficiency of the use of resources, their return; profitability indicators.

    Profitability is one of the generalizing indicators that characterize the economic efficiency of the economic activity of any organization.

    Profitability indicators characterize the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole, the profitability of various areas of activity (entrepreneurial, investment), cost recovery, etc. They reflect the final results of management more fully than profit, because their value shows the ratio of the effect to the cash or resources used. They are used to evaluate the activities of the enterprise and as a tool in investment policy and pricing.

    Profitability indicators can be combined into several groups:

    1) indicators characterizing the payback of costs and investment projects,

    2) indicators characterizing the profitability of sales,

    3) indicators characterizing the profitability of capital and its parts.

    All indicators can be calculated on the basis of gross profit, profit from sales and net profit.

    Profitability is measured mainly by two indicators.

    The first is determined by the ratio of profit from sales to the full commercial cost, expressed as a percentage. This indicator characterizes how much profit falls on 1 ruble of sales, i.e. characterizes the payback of all current costs.

    R3 = Prp / Zrp (1)

    R3 = CHP / Zrp (2)

    It shows how much the company has profit from each ruble spent on the sale of the tourist product. It can be calculated as a whole for the enterprise, its individual divisions and types of goods (works, services).

    The second indicator of profitability characterizes the effectiveness of the use of funds. It is defined as the ratio of profit from sales to the average annual cost of fixed and circulating production assets.

    Рtotal \u003d Pb / (Os + Ob) (3)

    Thus, both indicators of profitability (the level of profitability) characterize the payback of both current costs and all material resources.

    Profitability of sales (turnover) - the ratio of profit from sales or net profit to the amount of revenue received:

    R3 = Prp / V (4)

    R3 = FN / V (5)

    Rp = Profit / Sales (6)

    It characterizes the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity: how much profit the company has from the ruble of sales. This indicator is widely used in a market economy. It is calculated as a whole for the tourism organization and for certain types of goods (works, services).

    In addition, the return on fixed capital is calculated:

    Rsk \u003d Profit / Fixed Capital (7)

    And return on equity

    Rsk = Profit / Equity (8)

    The return on equity characterizes the effectiveness of the use of capital invested in the economic activity of the tourist organization at the expense of its own sources of financing.

    In the process of analysis, the dynamics of the listed profitability indicators is studied, the implementation of the plan in terms of their level, and inter-farm comparisons with competing enterprises are carried out.

    1.2 The role of economic analysis in improving the efficiency of the economic activity of a travel company

    Financial analysis is a method of understanding the financial mechanism of an enterprise, the processes of formation and use of financial resources for its operational and investment activities. The result of financial analysis is an assessment of the financial well-being of the enterprise, the state of its property - assets and liabilities of the balance sheet, the rate of turnover of all capital and its individual parts, the profitability of the funds used. From the standpoint of the financial activities of any commercial organization, the need to solve two main tasks is inherent:

    1) maintaining the ability to meet current financial obligations;

    2) ensuring long-term financing in the desired volumes and the ability to painlessly maintain the existing or desired capital structure.

    These tasks are formed in terms of characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise from the perspective of the short and long term, respectively.

    The fundamental concepts in this section of the analysis methodology are "liquidity" and "solvency".

    The liquidity level of an enterprise is assessed using special indicators - liquidity ratios based on a comparison of working capital and short-term liabilities.

    Solvency means the availability of funds and their equivalents sufficient to settle accounts payable requiring immediate repayment. Thus, the main signs of solvency are: the presence of sufficient funds in the current account; no overdue accounts payable.

    The liquidity analysis of a travel organization is an analysis of the liquidity of the balance sheet and consists in comparing the funds for an asset, grouped by the degree of liquidity and arranged in descending order, with liabilities for liabilities, combined by maturity in ascending order.

    Depending on the degree of liquidity, i.e. the speed of conversion into cash, the assets of a tourism organization are divided into the following groups:

    The most liquid assets A1:

    amounts for all items of funds that can be used for settlements immediately (line 260);

    (securities) (line 250)

    A1 = line 260 + line 250 (9)

    Quickly realizable assets A2 - assets that require a certain time to turn into cash, -

    receivables (payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date) (line 240);

    other receivables (line 260):

    A2 = line 240 + line 270 (10)

    Slowly realizable assets A3 - nominal liquid assets -

    stocks, except for the line "Calculations of future periods" (line 210);

    Value added tax on acquired valuables (line 220);

    · accounts receivable (payments for which are expected more than 12 months after the reporting date) (line 230);

    · other stocks (line 217).

    A3 = line 210 + line 220 + line 230 - line 217 (11)

    Hard-to-sell assets A4 - all articles of section 1 of the balance sheet "Non-current assets" (line 190):

    A4 = line 190 (12)

    These assets are intended to be used in economic activities for a sufficiently long period of time.

    The first three groups of assets may change constantly during the business period and refer to the current assets of the tourism organization. They are more liquid than the rest of the firm's assets.

    The organization's liabilities (balance sheet liabilities) are also grouped into four groups and arranged according to the degree of urgency of their payment.

    The most urgent obligations P1:

    accounts payable (line 620);

    arrears to participants (founders) for the payment of income (line 630);

    Other short-term liabilities (line 660);

    P1 = line 620 + line 630 + line 660 (13)

    Short-term liabilities P2 -

    short-term loans and credits (line 610);

    P2 = line 610 (14)

    Long-term liabilities P3:

    long-term loans and borrowings, items in section 4 of the balance sheet (line 590).

    P3 = line 590 (15)

    Permanent liabilities P4:

    articles of section 3 of the balance sheet "Capital and reserves" (line 490);

    separate articles of section 5 of the balance sheet "Current liabilities" that were not included in the previous groups (line 217);

    deferred income (line 640);

    reserves for future expenses (line 650).

    To maintain the balance of assets and liabilities, the total of this group should be reduced by the sum under the item "Deferred expenses".

    P4 = line 490 + line 640 + line 650 - line 217 (16)

    An organization is considered liquid if its current assets exceed its current liabilities. The real degree of liquidity and its solvency can be determined on the basis of the liquidity of the balance sheet.

    At the first stage of the analysis, these groups of assets and liabilities are compared in absolute terms. The balance sheet is considered liquid, subject to the following ratios of groups of assets and liabilities:

    If three conditions are met (A1 ? P1, A2 ? P2, A3 ? P3), i.e. current assets exceed the external liabilities of the organization, then the last condition is also fulfilled: А4 ? P4 (it confirms that the organization has its own working capital and means compliance with the minimum condition for financial stability).

    Failure to fulfill one of the first three inequalities indicates a violation of the liquidity of the balance sheet. At the same time, the lack of funds in one group of assets is not compensated by their excess in another group, since compensation can only be in terms of cost; in a real payment situation, less liquid assets cannot replace more liquid ones.

    Comparison of the most liquid and quickly realizable assets with the most urgent liabilities and short-term liabilities shows the current liquidity, i.e. solvency or insolvency of the organization in the nearest time by the time of the analysis.

    Comparison of slow-moving assets with long-term liabilities shows prospective liquidity, i.e. organization solvency forecast.

    The above coefficients make it possible to diagnose the results of the financial and economic activities of a tourism organization, to establish and evaluate its financial position, to understand why this situation arose, to develop ways to improve the efficiency, solvency and financial stability of a tourism organization.

    2. Analysis of the financial condition of the travel company Sputnik LLC

    2.1 Indicators and types of services provided by the travel company Sputnik LLC

    The object of study in this paper is the Sputnik limited liability company, based on a private form of ownership and being an independent business entity. Abbreviated company name LLC "Sputnik". Legal address of Sputnik LLC: Ryazan, st. Krasnoryadskaya, 1.

    LLC "Sputnik" was established on January 31, 2000 and operates in accordance with the current legislation, the charter and the memorandum of association.

    The Company from the moment of its registration is a legal entity, has separate property, independent balance sheet, current and other bank accounts, seals, stamps, letterheads with its name and other means of individualization.

    The purpose of a society is to make a profit. The main activity of Sputnik LLC is the organization of tourist and business trips, both in the Ryazan region and abroad. LLC "Sputnik" also provides intermediary services in the acquisition of vouchers offered by travel organizations. Thus, in addition to the functions of a tour operator (organizing trips, providing a certain set of tourist services), the company performs the functions of a travel agency - an intermediary between those who wish to purchase vouchers and its organizers.

    Management of the current activities of the company is carried out by the sole executive body - the director of the company, accountable to the meeting of participants. The director of the company is elected for a term of two years.

    The procedure for the activities of the sole executive body of the company and the adoption of decisions by it is established by the internal documents of the company, as well as the agreement concluded between the company and the person exercising the functions of its executive body.

    Let us consider the main technical and economic indicators of the financial and economic activities of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009.

    As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the proceeds from the sale of Sputnik LLC increased by 88.41% over the period under study. At the same time, the growth rate of the cost of goods sold (works, services) is higher than the growth rate of sales proceeds (the cost price increased by 106.93%), which led to the fact that the profit from sales increased by only 25.82%.

    The average annual cost of fixed assets of the enterprise increased by 136.69% over the period under study. The expansion of Sputnik LLC activities has led to an increase in the number of the company's personnel by 96%. The capital-labor ratio for the study period increased by 20.75%.

    The cost of working capital of the enterprise for the study period increased by 150.02%. The turnover ratio of working capital decreased by 24.44%.

    During the study period, the number of employees of the enterprise increased at a faster pace than the sales proceeds, therefore, the labor productivity of the employees of the LLC decreased by 3.87% over the study period. The average annual salary of one worker increased by 61.02% over the period under study.

    Table 1 Main technical and economic indicators of financial and economic activity of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009

    Indicators

    2009 by 2008

    Revenue from the sale of goods, works, services

    Cost of goods, works, services sold

    Costs per 1 rub. implementation

    Revenue from sales

    Average annual cost of fixed assets

    Average headcount

    return on assets

    capital intensity

    capital-labor ratio

    thousand rubles / person

    working capital

    Working capital turnover ratio

    Profitability of production assets

    Labor productivity of one worker

    The average annual salary of one worker

    According to the results of the analysis of the main technical and economic indicators of the financial and economic activities of Sputnik LLC, it can be concluded that the tourist organization under study has increased the profitability of its activities.

    2.2 Analysis of the property status and financial resources of the travel company Sputnik LLC

    In the process of functioning of the organization, the value of assets and their structure undergo constructed changes. The most general ideas about the qualitative changes that have taken place in the structure of funds from their sources can be obtained using vertical and horizontal analysis of reporting.

    The basis of the analysis is a system of indicators and analytical tables.

    In table 2, we consider the structure of the asset balance of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009. in dynamics.

    Table 2 Analysis of items in the balance sheet of Sputnik LLC in dynamics in 2008-2009

    Indicators

    Deviations

    2009 dated 2008

    values, thousand rubles

    Fixed assets

    fixed assets

    working capital

    Accounts receivable

    Short-term financial investments

    Cash

    BALANCE CURRENCY

    Judging by the balance sheet data, the value of non-current assets of LLC, which include only fixed assets, increased by 652 thousand rubles over the period under study. (or by 136.69%). The increase in the value of fixed assets was due to the purchase of premises for the opening of a new sales office in the region.

    Working capital of the organization increased and amounted to 22804 thousand rubles at the end of the year, which is 13683 thousand rubles. (or 150.02%) more than in 2008. Accounts receivable increased slightly - by 4.67% or 5 thousand rubles. At the same time, the debt of buyers and customers decreased by 52 thousand rubles. or by 55.32%. This happened due to the more accurate work of the legal service of the LLC, which in 2009 more accurately tracked the debts of wholesale buyers.

    The absolutely liquid part - the funds of the enterprise increased in total for the study period increased by 14 thousand rubles. or by 116.67%. In 2009, compared to 2007, the company's cash decreased by 78 thousand rubles, which is associated with an increase in the purchase of goods for resale in connection with the planned expansion of trade.

    Table 3 Analysis of the asset structure of the balance sheet of Sputnik LLC in dynamics in 2007-2009

    Indicators

    Deviations

    in specific weight in 2009 dated 2008

    Fixed assets

    fixed assets

    working capital

    Accounts receivable

    Short-term financial investments

    Cash

    BALANCE CURRENCY

    As can be seen from the data in Table 3 for the study period, the share of fixed assets and non-current assets of the enterprise decreased by 0.25%.

    The share of working capital in the structure of LLC assets increased by 0.25%. The share of reserves in the structure of LLC assets decreased by 5.29%.

    The share of receivables in the structure of the company's assets decreased by 0.65%. This happened due to the fact that wholesale buyers and customers of the enterprise repaid their debt to LLC.

    The share of short-term financial investments in the asset structure of Sputnik LLC increased by 6.21%.

    The share of funds of the enterprise for the study period decreased by 0.02%. This is due to a decrease in the company's cash on the current account due to an increase in the purchase of inventory in connection with the planned expansion of trade.

    The general direction of the analysis of changes in the structure of the balance sheet is based on the principle "from general to particular". To understand the overall picture of the change in the structure of the balance sheet liabilities of the enterprise, organization, the indicators of the structural dynamics of the sections are very important. Comparing the structures of changes in liabilities, we can conclude through which sources the inflow of new funds was mainly.

    As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the company's own sources for the study period increased by 10,515 thousand rubles. (or by 113.72%). This is due to an increase in the amount of retained earnings - by 10,515 thousand rubles. (or by 113.72%). The amount of the authorized capital of the enterprise for the study period has not changed.

    Borrowed funds of the enterprise for the study period also increased - by 3820 thousand rubles. (or by 1085.23%), which is associated with an increase in borrowed funds of the enterprise - by 2967 thousand rubles. or 89.9 times; accounts payable - by 853 thousand rubles. (or by 267.4%). The growth rate of borrowed funds is higher than the growth rate of own funds of LLC, which indicates that the company "lives in debt".

    Table 4 Analysis of liability items in the balance sheet of Sputnik LLC in dynamics in 2008-2009

    Indicators

    Deviations

    2009 dated 2008

    values, rub.

    Own sources

    Authorized and additional capital

    Undestributed profits

    Borrowed funds

    Accounts payable

    Suppliers and contractors

    Other creditors

    BALANCE CURRENCY

    In the composition of accounts payable for the period under study, wage arrears increased (by 51 thousand rubles or 242.86%), debt to suppliers and contractors increased by 671 thousand rubles. (or by 286.75%). In 2009, a debt to state off-budget funds in the amount of 13 thousand rubles was formed.

    During the period under study, the amount of the enterprise's debt in settlements with the budget decreased (by 22 thousand rubles or 34.38%). This is due to the improvement of the payment discipline of the enterprise and the timely payment of its debt to the budget.

    Table 5 Analysis of the structure of the balance sheet liability of Sputnik LLC in dynamics in 2008-2009

    Indicators

    Variations in specific gravity

    2009 from 2008

    Own sources

    Authorized capital

    Undestributed profits

    Borrowed funds

    Loans and credits (short-term)

    Accounts payable

    Suppliers and contractors

    Indebtedness to the staff of the organization

    Debt to state off-budget funds

    Debt on taxes and fees

    Other creditors

    BALANCE CURRENCY

    As part of the sources of funds, the share of equity capital decreased by 13.76%. The share of the authorized capital decreased by the end of the year by 0.05%. The share of retained earnings of the enterprise decreased by 13.71% over the period under study.

    During the study period, the company's funds attracted on a loan basis increased. Among them, short-term loans and credits should be singled out, the share of which in the overall structure of the company's liabilities increased by 12.19%. Accounts payable of the enterprise increased by 1.57%. In its composition, only the share of debt on taxes and fees decreased (by 0.49%).

    2.3 Analysis of the financial condition of the travel company Sputnik LLC

    The main tasks of analyzing the financial condition are to determine the quality of the financial condition, study the reasons for its improvement or deterioration over the period, and prepare recommendations for improving the financial stability and solvency of the enterprise. These tasks are solved by studying the dynamics of absolute and relative financial indicators.

    The main basis for financial analysis are financial reports submitted by an economic entity to external users, including investors.

    The system of indicators on the property and financial position of an economic entity, as well as the financial results of its activities for the reporting period, is presented in the organization's accounting (financial) statements. Financial statements are documents established by law that reflect the assets, real property of the company, and the sources of their financing. Reporting is the information base for the analytical substantiation of financial decisions.

    The main source of information in the analysis of the financial stability of Sputnik LLC is the balance sheet of the enterprise.

    Forming the balance sheet indicators for 2008-2009, the accountant of Sputnik LLC used a standard balance sheet form, which is given in the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2008 N 67n.

    The liquidity analysis of the balance sheet of Sputnik LLC for the period under study is shown in Table 6.

    Table 6 Liquidity analysis of the balance sheet of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009

    Grouping assets

    Grouping liabilities

    Ratio

    A1 \u003d 12 + 6044 \u003d 6056

    P1 \u003d 319 + 0 + 0 \u003d 319

    A3 \u003d 2958 + 0 + 0-0 \u003d 2958

    P4 \u003d 9246 + 0-0 \u003d 9246

    A1 \u003d 26 + 16557 \u003d 16583

    P1 \u003d 1172 + 0 + 0 \u003d 1172

    A3 \u003d 6109 + 0 + 0-0 \u003d 6109

    P4 \u003d 19761 + 0-0 \u003d 19761

    Table 6 shows that in 2008-2009. the balance sheet of Sputnik LLC did not meet liquidity requirements. In 2009, the liquidity ratios did not change compared to the liquidity ratios of 2008.

    Comparison of the most liquid and quickly realizable assets with the most urgent liabilities and short-term liabilities shows the current liquidity, i.e. solvency or insolvency of the organization in the nearest time by the time of the analysis. In the study period, the following three conditions are met: А1 ? P1; A2? P2; A3? P3, i.e. the company's current assets exceed its external liabilities.

    Comparison of slow-moving assets with long-term liabilities shows prospective liquidity, i.e. organization solvency forecast. In the study period, the last condition is not met: А4 ? P4, which does not confirm that the organization has its own working capital and means non-compliance with the minimum condition for financial stability.

    As part of an in-depth analysis, in addition to absolute indicators, we will calculate a number of analytical indicators - liquidity ratios.

    Table 7 Dynamics of liquidity ratios of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009

    Based on Table 7, we can draw the following conclusions about the analysis of the possibility of bankruptcy of the organization. The current liquidity ratio at the end of 2009 amounted to 5.47 with a standard of at least 2, which is less than the level of the beginning of the period by 20.44 points or 78.89%.

    Obviously, the absolute liquidity ratio decreased to 0.006 by the end of the period. This indicates that the company will not be able to urgently repay all of its debt obligations.

    One of the most important characteristics of the financial condition of an organization in terms of assessing the probability of bankruptcy is the stability of its economic activity in the light of a long-term perspective. The stability of the organization's activities is related to the overall structure of capital, the degree of its dependence on creditors and investors. The fact is that many firms prefer to invest a minimum of their own funds in the business, and finance it with money borrowed. Having a stable financial structure of own funds, the company has the ability to attract investors.

    Current financial stability, as well as in the long term, is characterized by the ratio of own and borrowed funds. It should be noted that this indicator gives only a general assessment of financial stability. Therefore, we will analyze the financial stability of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009. in table 8.

    Table 8 Analysis of the financial stability ratios of Sputnik LLC for 2008-2009

    As can be seen from the data in Table 8, the value of the ratio of borrowed and own funds by the end of the study period is much lower than the maximum allowable value of 1.0 and amounted to 0.21 by the end of 2009, which is 0.17 points more than the value at the beginning of the period. This indicates the financial stability of the organization. For each ruble of own funds accounted for 0.21 rubles. borrowed money. The organization can cover its requests from its own sources. By the end of the study period, the financial dependence of the organization on the attracted capital increases.

    Rice. 1. Dynamics of financial stability ratios of Sputnik LLC for 2007-2009

    The presence of financial dependence is characterized by the coefficients of autonomy and concentration of attracted capital, which indicate an unfavorable financial situation, i.e. at the beginning of the study period, the owners owned 96% of the organization's property value. By the end of the study period, this value decreased to 83%, while the financial dependence of the organization on the attracted capital increased to 17%. An increase in the concentration ratio of attracted capital means an increase in the share of borrowed funds in the financing of the organization, a decrease in financial stability and an increase in dependence on external creditors

    Equity flexibility ratio characterizes the part of equity used to finance current activities, i.e. invested in working capital. The rest reflects the amount of capitalized funds. The optimal value is the maneuverability coefficient equal to 0.5. At the end of the study period, the value of the coefficient is higher than the allowable value. The decrease in the value of this indicator in 2009 indicates a decrease in the provision of current activities with own funds.

    3. Development of measures to improve the financial condition of the travel company Sputnik LLC

    An analysis of the current situation of the tourist organization under study should be supplemented by a forecast for the operation of the enterprise, which should determine the prospects for its improvement or deterioration in case of:

    maintaining existing trends;

    probable changes in the external environment of the enterprise;

    · minor adjustments in domestic policy without the use of significant external sources of support;

    implementation of various possible investment projects.

    Forecast based on current trends can be short-term and medium-term, the methods of such analysis require separate consideration. Such a forecast should show the degree of danger of the prevailing negative and, perhaps, not too noticeable trends, the probable strengthening of the still inconspicuous positive trends.

    The forecast of the external environment of a tourism organization in terms of the financial parameters of the enterprise should pose and solve the following problems:

    • expected government measures in the field of taxation, budget, investment, etc.;

    · the expected dynamics of macroeconomic parameters that can affect the fate of certain industries, regions, enterprises;

    the expected strategy of competitors and its impact on the performance of the enterprise we are considering;

    expected results of scientific and technological progress, trends in the field of ecology, safety, quality, etc.

    Subsequent forecasting actions should show the possibility and, conversely, the impossibility, given the emerging external trends and the potential of the enterprise, to count on the improvement of the enterprise by using only internal resources and without a significant restructuring of the enterprise.

    The logic behind this prediction is as follows:

    · according to the current dynamics of balance sheet items of assets and liabilities in relation to the income and expenses of the enterprise or on the basis of expert assessments, it is necessary to evaluate the expected effectiveness of assets;

    Comparison of the expected efficiency of assets with the expected value of liabilities will show the development potential of the enterprise, the dynamics of the market price of its shares;

    · if unfavorable trends are detected, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of reserves that are not taken into account in balance sheets and reports - the presence of unrealized scientific and technical developments, rationalization proposals, special rights and privileges.

    If it is impossible to recover through a smooth reform and taking into account the presented options for the company's strategy, the question is raised about possible financial recovery projects, including partial or complete restructuring of the enterprise's production facilities.

    A tourism organization's financial recovery business plans are descriptions of a financial recovery strategy. Their task is to determine the main areas of work and the expected overall effectiveness. For potential investors, such business plans serve as guidelines when choosing investment objects, for corporations themselves - the basis for the development of more specific planning documents: marketing plans, production plans, work schedules, etc.

    The development of business plans for the financial recovery of a tourist organization is similar to the well-known task of determining the strategy of an enterprise, but in specific conditions, when negative trends were not detected in a timely manner and neutralized in any way, as a result of which the corporation fell into a debt hole, and the negative aspects of various aspects of the enterprise's activities were launched.

    Stabilization of the activities of a tourism organization during a crisis period is a necessary condition for its withdrawal from the crisis, at this stage it is necessary to localize and minimize the possible consequences of a risky borrowing policy, which led to a poor quality of financial condition. The stabilization process (Fig. 2) is a set of measures to reduce the credit burden.

    As the analysis shows, the main reasons for the deterioration in the quality of the financial condition of a tourism organization are:

    · uncontrolled growth of debts of the enterprise;

    deterioration in the quality of receivables;

    Wrong assortment policy and lack of demand for sold tourist products and services;

    increase in company costs, etc.

    In accordance with the identified reasons that affect the deterioration of the quality of the financial condition of the enterprise, measures are taken to fix and minimize them. Let's take a look at these events in the order they are listed.

    Rice. 2. The process of stabilizing the financial condition of the enterprise

    With an uncontrolled increase in the debts of a tourist organization, measures are taken to close loan agreements, and under existing agreements, debt restructuring is carried out using the following procedures:

    assignment of claims;

    · re-registration of debts into bills of exchange with a fixed date of repayment.

    After the application of these measures, the burden of servicing enterprise loans is reduced and stretched for a longer period.

    If the quality of receivables deteriorates, the following measures can be used:

    · factoring with the bank - the account holder of the enterprise - the debtor;

    Obtaining the rights to use the dealer and retail network of the enterprise - the debtor;

    · re-registration of receivables into bills of exchange with the possibility of their subsequent transfer to creditors of the enterprise.

    If there is a lack of demand for tourism products sold by a tourist organization, various marketing moves can be used, as well as radical measures to reorient the assortment policy, however, such events are costly, so their implementation needs a clear feasibility study.

    An increase in the costs of a tourist organization often indicates a low organization of financial flows within the enterprise. One of the most acceptable ways to streamline financial flows within an enterprise is the budgeting of production processes.

    Thus, the strategy for the financial recovery of a tourist organization includes both a plan for fundamental changes in the activities of the enterprise (partial or complete restructuring) and a solution to the problem of accumulated debt obligations.

    Conclusion

    But today the tourism potential of Russia is not fully utilized. Over the past three years, the annual income from international tourism has amounted to only 70-75 million dollars. Although under certain conditions, according to the most conservative estimates of experts, this figure can be up to 400-500 million dollars a year.

    The main goal of developing the tourism sector should be to form a modern competitive tourism complex that meets the needs of both Russian and foreign citizens, as well as creates conditions for the sustainable development of tourism in Russia. It is necessary to strive to create a sustainable, environmentally and socially oriented, highly profitable tourism industry that brings stable foreign exchange earnings and creates new jobs. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to form a modern strategy for promoting the tourism product in the domestic and international markets, to create conditions for the development of domestic and inbound tourism, and, of course, to improve the quality of tourism services.

    The purpose of the study was to analyze the financial and economic activities of the tourist organization and its financial condition, the development of measures to improve it in modern conditions.

    In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were solved in the work:

    1) the essence and fundamentals of the analysis of the financial condition of a tourist organization are considered;

    2) a system of indicators characterizing the system of indicators of a tourism organization is considered;

    3) the financial condition of the tourist organization under study was analyzed, in particular, a vertical and horizontal analysis of the balance sheet was carried out, the coefficients of financial stability, business activity, liquidity and solvency of the tourist organization were calculated and analyzed;

    4) developed ways to improve the activities of the tourist organization under study.

    The object of study in the work is the limited liability company "Sputnik" (LLC "Sputnik").

    LLC "Sputnik" offers services for organizing excursions, compiled on topics of interest to tourists, provides transport services and catering services. The seasonal nature of the tourism business makes it necessary to develop other types of activities - servicing businessmen who need to organize travel arrangements; organization of so-called shopping tours.

    Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. Revenue from the sale of Sputnik LLC increased by 88.41% over the period under study. At the same time, the growth rate of the cost of goods sold (works, services) is higher than the growth rate of sales proceeds (the cost price increased by 106.93%), which led to the fact that the profit from sales increased by only 25.82%.

    Summarizing the above analysis, we can say that at this enterprise during the study period there was an increase in the property potential of the enterprise. In order to talk about the effectiveness of this potential, it is necessary to analyze this company for liquidity and solvency and find out whether the company will be able to repay all its short-term obligations without violating the maturity dates, and whether the company has a sufficient amount of cash and cash equivalents sufficient to settle accounts payable requiring immediate repayment.

    If we take into account the fact that the enterprise in question is capital-intensive and the turnover of assets for the reporting period increased, but if we take into account the fact that the value of the absolute liquidity ratio has a very low value at the end of the reporting period (0.006 at the end of 2009), we can say that this trend can lead an enterprise to the brink of bankruptcy if several large loans simultaneously require urgent repayment of debts.

    An analysis of the current situation of the tourist organization under study should be supplemented by a forecast for the operation of the enterprise, which should determine the prospects for its improvement.

    List of used literature

    2. Civil Code of the Russian Federation Part 2, Federal Law of January 26, 1996 No. 14-03 (as amended of December 17, 2002 No. 213-FZ).

    3. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation, part one of July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ and part two of August 5, 2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on December 31, 2003).

    4. Federal Law of October 26, 2002 N 127-FZ "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" (as amended on August 22, December 29, 31, 2008, October 24, 2007, July 18, December 18, 2009 , February 5, April 26, July 19, 2007)

    5. Bakanov M.I. , Sheremet A.D. Theory of economic analysis. Textbook. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    6. Efimova O. V. Financial analysis - M.: Accounting, 2009.

    7. Ionova A.F., Selezneva N.N. Methods of analysis in financial management. Part I. Assessment of the property status of the organization. - M.: BINFA, 2007.

    8. Kovalev V.V. Financial analysis: Money management. Choice of investments. Reporting analysis. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    9. Kreinina M.N. The financial condition of the enterprise. Evaluation methods.- M.: IKTs Dis, 2009.

    10. Kreinina M.N. Analysis of the financial condition and investment attractiveness of joint-stock companies in industry, construction and trade. - M.: AODIS, MVCentre, 2009.

    11. Krylov E.I. Analysis of production efficiency, scientific and technological progress and economic mechanism. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.

    14. Sedova E.I., Pogorelova K.A. Preparation for the balance commission. Analysis of accounting (financial) statements using financial ratios // Accountant consultant, N 4, April 2007

    15. Solonenko A.A. Features of the methodology of financial analysis of insolvent organizations // Financial Bulletin: Finance, Taxes, Insurance, Accounting, N 2, January 2007

    16. Directory of the financier of the enterprise. - M.: INFRA-M, 2009.

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      Theoretical foundations of the analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise. Analysis of the financial condition of ChPTUP "V.P. Butkovsky", development of measures to improve it. Organizational and economic characteristics of the enterprise. Analysis of solvency, liquidity.

    The curriculum provides for undergraduate practice. The purpose of undergraduate practice is to gain practical experience in organizing and managing finances in an enterprise.

    During the undergraduate practice it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

    1. Consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge gained at the institute.

    2. Get acquainted with the organization and financial management of the enterprise.

    3. Give a general description of the enterprise; bring the main indicators of financial and economic activity; determine the financial position and the state of settlements.

    The object of pre-diploma practice is LLC Travel Agency "Lefort".

    The analyzed period is three years - from 2008 to 2010.

    Within the framework of the systematic approach, techniques and methods of analysis (tabular, financial ratios, balance sheet, comparison, observation, determination of absolute and relative values) and synthesis, grouping and comparison, scientific abstraction and modeling were applied; in the practical part of the study, calculation and analytical methods, methods of structural and dynamic analysis were used.

    The information base is: annual financial statements for three years (Form No. 1 "Balance Sheet", Form No. 2 "Profit and Loss Statement").

    OOO "Lefort" is a small travel company, which, however, has a good reputation in the market of tourist services in Kemerovo.

    The general organizational structure, like many small firms, is extremely simple (Fig. 1). The organization is headed by a director. The Director organizes and coordinates work in all areas of tourism activities.


    Rice. 1 Organizational structure of travel agency management

    This organizational structure seems to be very effective, because, firstly, the powers and responsibilities of employees are clearly delineated, and, secondly, there is a division of labor in various areas of tourism, and, if necessary, any employee can replace another in his direction of tourism.

    The mission of Lefort LLC is the implementation of tourism activities in order to meet the needs of the population in travel and recreation.

    Tourist travel is becoming increasingly popular in Russia and in the Kemerovo region as well. They contribute to the cultural and spiritual development of society, the development of international relations in the field of science, art and sports, and can also serve to satisfy other needs in accordance with the wishes of customers.

    To fulfill this mission, the company sets itself the following goals:

    Organization of trips to destinations chosen by the client;

    Drawing up a service program taking into account the wishes of the client;

    Increasing the level of the economy and developing tourism in the region.

    Target segment, to which the work of the company is directed to a greater extent:

    Age - 30-45 years old

    Income level - average and above average

    Education - usually higher, but does not play a role

    Marital status - usually a family of two to four people

    Life style - an energetic, active person, engaged in commercial or managerial activities, often working on weekends and holidays, monitors his image, feels a lack of time for rest and family, receptive to new products, skeptical of advertising.

    Travel motive (desire to relax with family, desire to receive treatment).

    In addition to the described segment, there are other groups of consumers that can bring real income. You can also offer work with such a category of clients as children, teenagers, people of pre-retirement age, with a low income and enough free time. However, new customers need a new tour product that will take time, effort and money to develop.

    If we talk about the tour promotion scheme, then most often various discounts are used by firms to promote the tour product. LLC "Lefort" offers the following system of discounts:

    holiday discounts

    Family discounts

    group;

    children;

    special (for those who own a discount coupon or for clients who bring a new client to the company);

    Others.

    Various printed products are used by the firm to stimulate sales directly in the office. At the moment when a client hesitates in choosing a travel agent, vacation spot, hotel or mode of transport, a colorful prospectus outlining all the advantages of this vacation spot, hotel, etc. will help push him to buy. Various calendars, stands, brochures, magazines and catalogs of their own publication not only attract the client with their appearance, but also offer more detailed information about the route. Their production is relatively inexpensive - it depends on the amount of printed information, the cost of paper, the cost of printed media, and the salaries of designers. However, the firm orders this type of product in specialized firms, which is much more profitable with single copies or small batches.

    To inform customers, pre-prepared catalogs, brochures, brochures, information sheets are used, which contain detailed information about the content and quality of the service package, prices, etc. These materials are provided to each client who has declared his desire to purchase a particular tour. In addition, the consumer receives additional information and advice on the procedure for booking, paying, changing and canceling the tour, as well as on all other issues (passport and visa, customs and currency regulation, natural and climatic attractions, medical care, insurance, etc. ) associated with tourism.

    The quality of service of the Lefort tour company is determined by:

    Efficiency of work on the selection and organization of tours at the request of customers;

    · courtesy of service, which is expressed in the hospitality of the employees of the travel company, their attention to the needs of each client, patience when discussing the route;

    · compliance of the proposed tour with the real content;

    · availability of coordination of all components of complex service.

    The speed of service in the complex determines the degree of satisfaction of each client; timing of route selection; deadlines for issuing the necessary documents (passports, visas, tickets, etc.); deadlines for obtaining background information. Despite the fact that information services are provided free of charge, it is thanks to them that the Lefort travel agency largely ensures the implementation of its tourism product.

    The idea of ​​reinforcing a tourism product forces us to take a closer look at the client's behavior system, how he comprehensively approaches the problem that he is trying to solve through the acquisition of a tourism product. From the point of view of competition, this approach allows the tourism enterprise to identify opportunities to reinforce its product offer in the most effective way.

    The complex tourist offer of the Lefort tour company contains:

    In the case of organizing a winter holiday - transport (airplane and bus) to the resort, hotel accommodation, meals, excursion services, a lift pass, skiing lessons.

    In the case of rest for the purpose of treatment - in addition to the basic tourist services, the initial examination of the patient in order to establish a diagnosis and subsequent appointment for procedures, daily medical care in accordance with the doctor's instructions, the provision of medicines, free access to facilities for general health exercises, final examination, etc. .d.;

    In the case of holidays in seaside resorts - participation in several excursions, in folklore and other events, receiving gifts - receiving a guidebook, souvenirs, cards with a view of the resort, etc.;

    In the case of recreation of sports-oriented tourists - a subscription to the use of sports facilities and services of your choice.

    Comprehensive service helps tourists to plan and organize rationally free time and focus on the price level that really operates on the market. This, of course, leads to an increase in the sale of the tourist product.

    The chief accountant reports directly to the director of Lefort Travel Bureau LLC and is responsible for the formation of accounting policies, accounting, timely submission of complete and reliable financial statements.

    The job descriptions of employees of the accounting department of LLC are developed on the basis of typical ones. Their job responsibilities include:

    ¨ chief accountant - carries out the organization of accounting of the economic and financial activities of the organization and control over the economical use of material, labor and financial resources, the safety of the organization's property. Provides a rational organization of accounting and reporting in the organization on the basis of maximum centralization and mechanization of accounting and computing work, progressive forms and methods of accounting and control. Manages the development and implementation of measures aimed at maintaining state and financial discipline. Organizes accounting of incoming funds, inventory items and fixed assets, timely reflection on the accounting accounts of operations related to their movement, accounting of costs, performance of works (services), results of economic and financial activities of the organization, as well as financial, settlement and credit operations. Provides control: over the legality, timeliness and correctness of paperwork; drawing up economically sound reporting cost estimates for services; payroll settlements with employees of the organization; correct accrual and transfer of payments to the state budget, contributions to state social insurance, funds for financing capital investments; repayment in due time of debts to banks on loans; allocation of funds to economic incentive funds and other funds and reserves. Participates in the economic analysis of economic and financial activities according to accounting and reporting data in order to identify on-farm reserves, eliminate losses and unproductive costs. Takes measures to prevent shortages, illegal spending of funds and inventory items, violations of financial and economic legislation. Participates in the preparation of documents on shortages and theft of funds and inventory items, controls the transfer, if necessary, of these documents to the investigative and judicial authorities. Conducts work to ensure strict observance of staff, financial and cash discipline, estimates of administrative and other expenses, the legality of writing off balance sheets of shortages, receivables and other losses, the safety of accounting documents, as well as their execution and delivery in the prescribed manner to the archive. Participates in the work to improve and expand the scope of on-farm accounting, the development of rational planning and accounting documentation, the organization of the introduction of mechanization of accounting and computational work. Manages the organization's accounting staff.

    ¨ Accountant-cashier - performs work in various areas of accounting (accounting for fixed assets, inventories, production costs, results of economic and financial activities; settlements with suppliers and customers, for services rendered, etc.). Participates in the development and implementation of activities aimed at maintaining financial discipline and rational use of resources. Carries out the reception and control of primary documentation for the relevant areas of accounting and prepares them for counting processing. Reflects in accounting operations related to the movement of cash and inventory. Compiles accounting cost estimates for services, identifies sources of losses and unproductive expenses, prepares proposals for their prevention. It calculates and transfers payments to the state budget, contributions to state social insurance, funds for financing capital investments, wages of workers and employees, taxes and other payments and payments, as well as deductions to economic incentive funds and other funds. Participates in the economic analysis of the economic and financial activities of the organization according to accounting and reporting in order to identify on-farm reserves, implement a savings regime and measures to improve document flow, develop and implement progressive forms and methods of accounting based on the use of computer technology, as well as in carrying out inventories of funds, inventory items, settlements and payment obligations. Prepares data on the relevant areas of accounting for reporting, monitors the safety of accounting documents, draws them up in accordance with the established procedure for transfer to the archive. And also carries out operations for the receipt, accounting, issuance and storage of funds and securities with the obligatory observance of the rules that ensure their safety. Prepares documents and receives, in accordance with the established procedure, funds and securities in bank institutions for the payment of wages, bonuses, travel and other expenses. Keeps a cash book based on receipts and expenditures. Checks the actual availability of cash and securities with the book balance. Prepares cash reports.

    List of primary documentation. The initial stage of accounting is the continuous documentation of all business transactions by compiling certain carriers of primary accounting information. LLC Travel Bureau "Lefort" uses the forms contained in the albums of unified forms of primary accounting documentation to document business transactions. Primary documents entering the accounting department are subject to mandatory verification, both in form and in content. The following persons have the right to sign primary accounting documents: the director, the chief accountant and the accountant-cashier of Lefort Travel Bureau LLC. Primary documents:

    1. Accounting for cash transactions: incoming cash order, outgoing cash order, register of incoming and outgoing cash documents, cash book, book of accounting for funds received and issued by the cashier.

    2. For accounting of fixed assets: an act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, an act for the write-off of fixed assets, an inventory card for accounting for fixed assets.

    3. According to the accounting of labor and its payment: an order (instruction) on hiring, a personal card, an order (instruction) on granting leave, an order (instruction) on termination of an employment contract, payroll.



    Workflow scheme

    Rice. 2. Accounting scheme in a simple form

    Simplified form of accounting. LLC Travel Bureau "Lefort" is a small business. A small business conducts accounting in accordance with the unified methodological framework and rules established by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Accounting" dated 11/21/96. No. 129-FZ; Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (1998); accounting regulations governing the accounting of various accounting objects; Chart of accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of enterprises; Law of the Russian Federation "On the Simplified System of Taxation, Accounting and Reporting for Small Business Entities" dated December 29, 1995 No. 222-FZ; recommendations on the application and features of organizing accounting in a simplified form (given in the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 21, 1998 No. 64n “On standard recommendations on organizing accounting for small businesses”).

    A simplified form of accounting for a small business can be done in two ways:

    1. A simple form of accounting.

    2. Form of accounting using registers of accounting of the property of a small enterprise (eight statements are used as accounting registers).

    Lefort Travel Bureau LLC uses a simple form of accounting. Its essence lies in the fact that the registration of primary documentation, the distribution of the amounts of transactions performed on accounts, the determination of the financial result are carried out in one accounting register - the Book of Accounting for Business Operations f. No. K - 1. To record wages, a payroll record is kept (form No. B-8), which reflects the amounts accrued to employees of Lefort Travel Agency LLC for the work performed, and also calculates all deductions from the accrued amounts of wages of employees. The statement is intended for registration of the issuance of wages to employees. It also determines the amount of deductions for social needs from the amount of wages of employees.

    Under the simplified taxation system, it is allowed to keep records in the Book of Accounting for Income and Expenses in a simplified form, including without using the double entry method, chart of accounts and compliance with other requirements provided for by the current regulation on accounting and reporting. Maintaining a book of income and expenses and serves as the main document registering the business operations of the enterprise.

    Entries in the Book of Income and Expenses are made in chronological order on the basis of primary documents. Reflects all business transactions carried out in the reporting period. At the same time, Lefort Travel Bureau LLC does not need to reflect expenses in the book, since the single tax is calculated from the amount of income.

    The book of income and expenses is opened for one calendar year and must be laced and numbered. On the last page, the number of pages contained in it is recorded, which is certified by the signature of the head of the enterprise and the stamp of the tax authority. It is presented to the tax authority upon receipt of a patent.

    Based on the accounting policy, the Book of Income and Expenses of Lefort Travel Agency LLC is maintained in electronic form in the 1C: Accounting - Simplified Tax System program, which is one of the software components of the 1C: Enterprise system. This program allows you to quickly summarize accounting information in the sections necessary for management, control, analysis and preparation of financial statements.

    "1C: Accounting 7.7" is a universal accounting program focused on a wide range of possible applications: from small to large organizations in various fields of activity. The program can be used to maintain almost any section of accounting.

    Documents in the program "1C: Accounting 7.7" can be used to reflect the facts of the financial and economic activities of the organization. The set of documents of the system coincides with the set of real physical documents used by Lefort Travel Agency LLC: payment order, invoice, cash orders, etc.

    Enterprise reporting. Travel Bureau "Lefort" LLC is a small business and is not included in the list of organizations that cannot use the simplified taxation and accounting system (organizations engaged in the production of excisable products; credit organizations and insurers; investment funds; gambling and entertainment businesses and others). Consequently, the LLC has the right to choose the system of taxation, accounting and reporting, which is granted to the enterprise itself on a voluntary basis. LLC Travel Bureau "Lefort" works on a simplified taxation system.

    Since the Book of Income and Expenses is kept in electronic form, the LLC must certify it in the inspection only after the end of the tax year (in practice, no later than March 31 of the year following the tax year).

    Based on the accounting policy of Lefort Travel Bureau LLC for 2010, income was selected as an object of taxation. The single tax is calculated in the amount of 6% of the income received, reduced by the amount of insurance premiums paid for the reporting period, accrued on payments to employees (but not more than 50%) and the amount of temporary disability benefits paid at the expense of the enterprise

    Thus, Lefort Travel Bureau LLC provides the following reporting forms to the Russian Tax Inspectorate:

    1. Single tax return

    2. Calculation of advance payments for insurance premiums for compulsory pension insurance.

    3. Copies of payment documents (pension fund).

    4. Declaration of targeted fees from legal entities for the maintenance of the police and landscaping.

    6. Settlement statement for the funds of the social insurance fund of the Russian Federation.

    3. Responsibilities of an accountant

    I did pre-graduation internship at Lefort Travel Bureau LLC.

    My responsibilities during my internship included:

    · Performance of work on accounting of property, liabilities and business transactions (accounting for fixed assets, inventory items, production costs, sales of products, results of economic and financial activities; settlements with suppliers and customers, for services rendered, etc. ).

    · Implementation of the acceptance and control of primary documentation for the relevant areas of accounting and prepares them for accounting processing.

    · Implementation of the economic analysis of economic activities of the organization.

    · Reflection on the accounts of accounting operations related to the movement of fixed assets, inventory and cash.

    · Performing work on the formation, maintenance and storage of a database of accounting information, makes changes to reference and regulatory information used in data processing.

    4. Financial analysis of the activities of a travel company for 2008-2010.

    This chapter provides a financial analysis of the activities of Lefort Travel Bureau LLC.

    Based on the financial statements presented in the appendix, a comparative balance sheet of the enterprise for 2009-2010 was compiled.

    Enterprise balance sheet analysis

    Table 1 - Comparative balance for 2009-2010, thousand rubles

    Indicators

    Amount as of 31.12.09,

    thousand roubles.

    Amount as of March 31, 2010, thousand rubles

    absolute growth,

    thousand roubles.

    Growth rate, %

    Assets





    1. Non-current assets

    2. Current assets

    Including of them:





    · finished products

    · Future expenses

    · accounts receivable

    Short-term financial investments

    · cash

    Balance

    Liabilities





    1. Equity

    Including:





    · authorized capital

    · profit

    2. Borrowed capital

    Including:





    long-term debt capital

    · Short-term liabilities





    short-term loans and borrowings

    · accounts payable

    Balance

    Let us analyze the changes in the values ​​of balance sheet items for 2009-2010. (Table 1):

    · Section non-current assets in 2010 increased by 116 thousand rubles. or 100%. This happened due to the purchase of fixed assets for 116 thousand rubles.

    · Section current assets increased in 2010 by 1332 thousand rubles. or 122%. The organization's reserves decreased by 334 thousand rubles. or 64%. Negative is the growth of receivables in 2010 by 5402 thousand rubles. or 444%. Due to this, the diversion of funds from the turnover of the enterprise is growing and it incurs losses from the depreciation of this form of receivables. In the future, it is necessary to pay special attention to the growth of receivables.

    · The most liquid assets - cash in 2010 decreased by -3852 thousand rubles.

    · The size of the authorized, additional and reserve capital has not changed.

    · Retained earnings of the enterprise increased by 346 thousand rubles. or 177%.

    · There are no long-term liabilities at the enterprise.

    · Short-term liabilities increased in 2010 by 975 thousand rubles. or 121.8%.

    · Accounts payable increased. In 2010, it increased by 975 thousand rubles. or 121.8%. The growth of accounts payable was due to the growth of debt on all items.

    · Thus, the balance of the enterprise in 2010 increased by 122% or 1332 thousand rubles.

    So, based on the analysis, we can draw the following conclusion: there is a strong decrease in the most liquid assets, there are no long-term liabilities, short-term liabilities are increasing, accounts receivable and payable are growing, which indicates the unsustainable development of the enterprise. The consequence of these changes may be an increase in the financial dependence of the enterprise and a decrease in its solvency.

    Let's evaluate the liquidity of the company's balance sheet. To do this, we calculate the groups of assets (Table 2) and liabilities (Table 3) formed respectively according to the principle of reducing the degree of liquidity and maturity.

    Table 2 - Grouping of assets by degree of liquidity

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    for 2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    Absolutely and most liquid assets A1

    Fast-moving assets A2

    Slowly realizable assets A3

    Difficult-to-market assets A4

    Total assets


    Table 3 - Grouping of liabilities according to the degree of urgency

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    The most urgent obligations P1

    Short-term liabilities P2

    Long-term liabilities P3

    Permanent liabilities P4

    Total liabilities


    Table 4 - Comparison of asset and liability groups of the balance sheet

    sign

    sign

    sign

    sign

    As can be seen from Table. 4 the balance sheet of the enterprise for 2008-2010 is liquid.

    In order to give a more accurate assessment of the solvency of the enterprise, we calculate the liquidity ratios. The calculation results are presented in Table. 5.

    Table 5 - Relative liquidity ratios

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    General indicator of solvency, K pl

    Absolute liquidity ratio, K ab

    Quick "critical" liquidity ratio, K bl

    Current liquidity ratio, K t

    Operating capital maneuverability coefficient, L 5

    Share of working capital in assets, L 6

    Equity ratio, L 7

    The indicators calculated in Table. 5, indicate a negative trend in the activities of the enterprise.

    The absolute liquidity ratio during 2008-2009 was above the norm. However, its decrease is observed in 2010, below the normative level (0.2), i.e. at the moment the company is able to repay at the expense of available funds only 1% of short-term liabilities.

    The quick "critical" liquidity ratio is above the norm (0.8). However, in 2010 the ratio decreased by 0.18 compared to 2008.

    The current liquidity ratio is below the standard (2) throughout the entire period.

    The same happens with other coefficients, they are not in the zone of acceptable values. From this we can conclude that if in the near future the company does not force debtors to pay off or does not reduce the amount of short-term liabilities, thereby ensuring an increase in cash, it will lose its short-term solvency.

    Calculate the financial stability ratios of the enterprise to confirm that the enterprise is financially stable. The calculation results are presented in Table. 6.

    Table 6 - Relative indicators of financial stability

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    Ratio of borrowed and own funds (capitalization ratio), K zs

    Coverage ratio with own sources of financing, K oss

    The coefficient of provision of reserves and costs with own sources, K ozs

    Coefficient of financial independence, K fn

    Funding ratio, K f

    Financial stability ratio, K fu

    The coefficient of maneuverability of own working capital, K m

    Based on the calculations Table. 6 we conclude:

    The coefficient of financial autonomy (financial independence) at the enterprise is decreasing. In 2008 it is 0.39, in 2010 - 0.26. The coefficient is less than the standard (0.7-0.8).

    The capitalization ratio increased in 2010 compared to 2008 and amounted to 2.87, which is a negative trend, as it indicates an increase in loans and borrowings.

    The coefficient of provision with own sources of financing is small in 2010 and amounted to 0.25, which also poses a threat to the enterprise.

    Thus, we see that it is necessary to carry out activities aimed at increasing liquidity and reducing receivables and payables.

    Assessment of profitability and business activity of the enterprise

    At the next stage of the analysis of the financial condition, it is necessary to calculate the profitability indicators that characterize the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole, the profitability of various activities (production, business, investment), cost recovery, etc. They characterize the final results of management more fully than profit, because their value shows the ratio of the effect to the cash and resources used.

    Calculations of profitability indicators according to financial statements are given in Table. 7.

    Table 7 - Analysis of the level and dynamics of profitability indicators

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    Return on assets, R a

    Return on current assets, Rоa

    Return on equity, R sk

    Product profitability, R pr

    Return on sales, R in

    One of the main indicators - return on sales - reflects the profitability of investing in the main production. Return on sales is calculated from both sales and net income.

    The profitability of sales of products is declining, in 2008 it was 7.8%, and in 2010 - 5.6%. In the reporting period, 1 rub. sales accounted for 5.6 kopecks of profit from sales, and in the previous 1 rub. sales accounted for 7.8 kopecks.

    The profitability of products also decreases by 2.4% in 2009-2010.

    The return on assets decreased in 2010 by 2.8% compared to 2009 and amounted to 4.7%.

    Return on current assets in 2010 amounted to 4.8%, which is less than the level of 2009 by 2.7%.

    An important characteristic of the use of own funds of the enterprise is the return on equity. It shows how many units of profit from ordinary activities are accounted for by a unit of equity of the organization. At the enterprise, the return on equity ratio is sharply declining, if in 2009 it was equal to 29.0%, then in 2010 it was 18.2%, the decrease was 10.8, i.e. we can say that the use of equity capital is deteriorating, the liquidity of the enterprise is decreasing, as well as the status of the owners of the enterprise.

    Accounts receivable turnover in 2007 amounted to 56.12 turnovers, in 2008 - 21.84, in 2009 it decreased to 7.5 turnovers, and only in the last year it decreased by 34%.

    The period of repayment of receivables for the study period increases, from 6 days in 2007 to up to 48 days in 2009, which indicates an increase in the risk of non-payment of debt by the buyers of the enterprise.

    Table 8 - Dynamics of receivables

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    accounts receivable, including

    for which payments are expected within 12 months after the reporting date

    Accounts receivable turnover ratio, K odz

    turnover ratio of short-term receivables, K odz

    The duration of one turnover of receivables, O dl

    duration of one turnover of short-term receivables, O dl

    Share of receivables %, HC dz

    share of short-term receivables %, HC dz

    Collection coefficient %, K and

    collection ratio of short-term receivables %, K and


    As can be seen from Table. 8, receivables are increasing every year, if in 2008 it amounted to 1,354 thousand rubles, then in 2010 it was already 6,969 thousand rubles.

    The turnover ratio of receivables decreased and in 2010 amounted to 1.53 turnover.

    The duration of one turnover of receivables increased in 2010 compared to 2008 and amounted to 29.85 days. The share of receivables is increasing and in 2010 amounted to 96.43%.

    Everything points to poor receivables management.

    Let's present the indicators of accounts payable turnover for the analyzed period in Table. 9.

    Table 9 - Dynamics of short-term accounts payable

    Index

    31.12.2008

    31.12.2009

    31.03.2010

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    absolute, thousand rubles

    growth rate, %

    suppliers and contractors

    debt to the staff of the organization

    debt to state off-budget funds

    debt to the budget

    other creditors

    Excess (+) or decrease (-) of short-term accounts receivable over short-term accounts payable

    Share of short-term accounts payable in revenue %

    Accounts payable turnover ratio, K okz

    The duration of one turnover of accounts payable, O dl


    For the period 2008 -2010. the amount of accounts payable increases. Attracting borrowed funds into the turnover of the enterprise is a normal phenomenon. This contributes to a temporary improvement in the financial condition, provided that the funds are not frozen for a long time, but are in circulation and are returned in a timely manner.

    The amount of accounts payable for three years has increased and in 2010. amounted to 5,437 thousand rubles. The share of accounts payable is observed at the level of 83.0%

    The largest share in the structure of accounts payable for the analyzed period is debt to suppliers and contractors. At the same time, the company's debt to the budget and state off-budget funds has a large share. All this testifies to the unfavorable financial position of the enterprise.

    The duration of one turnover of accounts payable from 2008 to 2010 decreased and in 2010 amounted to 373.3 days. The accounts payable turnover ratio decreased in 2010 to 1.0.

    The Lefort travel agency has been successfully operating in the Kuzbass market since its foundation and for 12 years. The main goal is the selection and organization of tours around the world.

    Accounting is carried out by the accounting department, which is an independent structural unit of the LLC, headed by the chief accountant.

    The following persons have the right to sign primary accounting documents: the director, the chief accountant and the accountant-cashier of Lefort Travel Bureau LLC.

    Lefort Travel Bureau LLC uses a simple form of accounting.

    Based on the accounting policy, the Book of Income and Expenses of Lefort Travel Agency LLC is maintained in electronic form in the 1C: Accounting - Simplified Tax System program, which is one of the software components of the 1C: Enterprise system.

    Based on the accounting policy of Lefort Travel Bureau LLC for 2010, income was selected as an object of taxation. The single tax is calculated in the amount of 6% of the income received, reduced by the amount of insurance premiums paid for the reporting period, accrued on payments to employees (but not more than 50%) and the amount of temporary disability benefits paid at the expense of the enterprise

    It can be concluded that the company has an unfavorable financial condition and it is necessary to use measures to effectively manage the company's cash and increase liquidity.

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    Attachment 1

    Balance sheet 2008-2010

    Balance item

    Line code

    I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS


    Fixed assets (01, 02)

    Total for Section I

    II. CURRENT ASSETS

    Stocks, including:

    finished goods and goods for resale (15,16,41,42,43)

    goods shipped (45)

    prepaid expenses (97)

    Accounts receivable (payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date), including:

    buyers and customers (62,63,76)

    Cash

    Total for Section II

    Balance item

    Line code

    III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES

    Authorized capital (80)

    Retained earnings (uncovered loss), including:

    retained earnings (loss) of previous years

    undistributed profit (loss) of the reporting year

    Total for Section III

    IV. LONG TERM DUTIES

    Loans and credits (67), including:

    Other long-term liabilities

    Total for section IV

    V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES

    Loans and credits (66), including:

    Accounts payable, including:

    suppliers and contractors (60, 76)

    debt to the organization's personnel (70)

    debt to state off-budget funds (69)

    debt to the budget (68)

    other creditors

    Other current liabilities

    Total for section VII

    Appendix 2

    Profit and Loss Statement 2008-2010




    Name of indicator

    Line code

    I. Income and expenses from ordinary activities

    Proceeds (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (net of value added tax, excises and similar obligatory payments)

    Cost of sales of goods, products, works, services

    Gross profit

    Selling expenses

    Management expenses

    Profit (loss) from sales

    II. Operating income and expenses

    Other operating expenses

    III. Non-operating income and expenses



    Other non-operating income

    Other non-operating expenses

    Profit (loss) before tax

    Deferred tax assets

    Deferred tax liabilities

    income tax

    Other income tax calculations