We develop logic with the help of interesting questions and tasks. Logical thinking

Many have probably heard that life becomes much easier if.

But how to think logically, and not everyone knows what needs to be done for this.

Let's start with the most important thing: with the concept of logic. The ancient Greeks were so smart and advanced that modern people will have to master for a long time what they invented in their ancient Greek policies (city-states).

It was they who introduced into our everyday life the term "logic" and the corresponding science of operations and certain laws of correct (reasonable) thinking. Therefore, in order to find out how to think logically, it is necessary to understand the essence of these laws, the rules of logic.

Logic is a formal science, that is, what is important for it is not the content of statements, phenomena, or anything else, but their form, structure, interconnection.

Therefore, all the rules of logical thinking are based on the construction of the correct form of reasoning.

The basic rule of logical thinking: “the correctness of the conclusion lies in the fact that true, true premises (on the basis of which conclusions are drawn, inferences - facts, judgments about facts, principles, phenomena, events, statements, etc.) always follow a true conclusion .

From which we can conclude that logical thinking can only be based on real facts, and not on hypothetical (supposed) events. Otherwise, the conclusion will also be assumed, ambiguous, inaccurate, conditional.

The second rule of logic is the duality of nature. That is, each judgment can be either false (not corresponding to the truth) or true.

Such rules allow us to obtain new information from already existing facts, using only logical reasoning.

A feature of logical thinking is also the unacceptability of everything irrational (that which goes beyond the concept of reason: intuition, premonition, etc.).

Therefore, in logical thinking, only the laws of logic are used and nothing else.

Let's try to master the simplest law of logic: from two true judgments we get a true conclusion.

Premise No. 1: "An apple tree is a tree", Premise No. 2 "Some apple trees bear fruit." Conclusion: "Some trees bear fruit."

We have come to a particular conclusion from two different judgments. Such a conclusion suggests itself from two known and true facts. The apple tree is really a tree. And some apple trees, however, bear fruit.

Why some? Because young apple trees do not bear fruit, but there are still lean periods. Therefore, we cannot say that all apple trees bear fruit.

Of course, logic contains a huge number of intricate and sometimes contradictory laws that numerous scientists have discovered over hundreds of centuries in the hope of surprising the world with at least something.

Thinking logically means separating the important from the unimportant, finding relationships and drawing conclusions, providing evidence and refutation, being convincing and not being gullible. And although during the course of life everyone uses this ability more than once, most people think in a stereotyped way, since they do not seek to develop logical thinking. They do not stimulate him, rarely resorting to logic, but it needs to be trained and this can be done almost from the cradle. You just need to know how to properly develop logical thinking, and first you need to understand how it works.

Each age has its own laws and types of logical thinking

For young children, it is not yet common to think about something abstractly, in the mind. The very first stages of the formation of logical thinking in children are visual-effective and visual-figurative. To comprehend - you need to see and touch.

Then verbal-logical thinking appears, when the child no longer needs to have in front of him what he says and thinks about. In adults, such logical thinking is transformed into the ability to study the task and set goals, develop a plan and ways to achieve it. The highest aerobatics of mental activity is the ability to think creatively, not to use ready-made knowledge, but to create new ones, to invent and invent.

Logic in life

Obviously, the last of the listed methods of logical thinking are extremely useful for successfully overcoming any difficulties. But many retreat before them, confident that they will not cope. What a delusion! Even if the task is difficult, you can always be creative in solving it. And for those who fail, numerous tools and exercises for the development of logical thinking will help: training, exercises, puzzles, games.

But first, the basic laws of logical thinking:

1. First, it is never too early or too late to engage in its development. There is no need to wait for the child to grow up and learn to reason "in the mind", just as adults do not need to give up classes because of their age.
2. Secondly, each level of mental activity has its own logical thinking exercises, even if they seem too simple and primitive. The visual thinking of children is a stepping stone to the logical, and it cannot be ignored, immediately demanding abstract mental operations from the child.
3. Thirdly, logic and imagination do not exclude or replace each other. Fantasy and imagination help, not hinder the development of mental abilities. Therefore, in addition to standard logical tasks, there are those that simultaneously stimulate the intellect, logic and imagination.

To develop means to play

Children do not think about how to develop their logical thinking, they just play. So let them get both benefit and pleasure from an easy and fun activity.

First of all, riddles. Any, for example, wonderful riddles-verses by Timofey Belozerov. The main thing is to let the children think for themselves or think with them, but do not prompt!

Another example of an exercise for the development of logical thinking: through images and pictures - take any children's picture and cut it into several parts. The younger the child, the less details are needed.

For older children - logic games with words. This is the search for the superfluous, and the combination of words into general groups according to certain characteristics, and the guessing of conceived objects through questions and answers. At the same time, the skills of generalization and classification, determining the properties of an object, and building logical connections are trained.

Exercises of a more complex level - the analysis of sayings and proverbs, the search for a common meaning in them, the search for patterns in the number series.

But it doesn't have to be complicated. Psychology teaches that logical thinking, like any skill, can be easily trained in a non-intrusive playful way. Therefore, even adults should not neglect games. And enough of them have been invented: chess, reversi (a game where you need to surround and appropriate opponent's chips), scrabble (composing as long words as possible) and the like. These entertainments stimulate strategic and tactical thinking, the ability to foresee the opponent's intention and the consequences of their actions. So developing logical thinking is not only useful, but also interesting.

The term "Logic" originated in ancient Greece and literally means "the art of reasoning". It was then that for the first time a person began to be attracted to logical games, he began to excel in proving philosophical theories based on logical conclusions. Logical thinking is not given to a person at birth, but develops as a personality trait. Man is a social being, and our society has created all the conditions to reduce the influence of logic on ongoing processes. If logic had more weight, and humanity would set itself ambitious goals, all wars in the world would stop, the number of suffering and poor people would decrease. The paradox of logic lies in the fact that it is multifaceted, despite the existence of formalized laws, almost every person can find loopholes for himself and justify his behavior.

The development of logic in adults - why is it needed?

On the pages of our blog or the BrainApps project, you could often see calls for the development of logic, but how to do it correctly and efficiently? It’s worth starting with the understanding that logic is not only a science, but also a system of thinking. If you learn to make the right conclusions, to understand the essence of things, you can achieve much more.

Logic developed empirically, which means "experientially." It is because of this that a person who has never read the works of Aristotle and Herodotus can operate with the generally recognized laws of logic. Every day we become witnesses of any events, draw our conclusions, find out the opinions of other people. As a result of the frequent repetition of the cycle of "cause and effect".

There are certain logical axioms that are the basis of thinking of any developed person:

• Time is a directional, linear and irreversible vector. From childhood, children are taught the concepts of "yesterday", "today" and "tomorrow". Based on the understanding of these elementary logical axioms, the concept of the past, future and present is formed.
• Cause and effect is another logical axiom that children as early as a year old learn.
• The concept of less and more is learned by children at preschool age.
• Adjacency of concepts and their mutual interchangeability. For example, a person cannot simultaneously sleep and be awake, be sick and healthy, and so on.
• The inductive method of logic is inferences from the particular to the general, and the deductive method is from the general to the particular with a mandatory reservation to logical laws. An example of deduction - autumn has come - the foliage has turned yellow and fallen off. An example of induction is that the foliage turned yellow and fell off, the summer has passed, therefore, autumn has come.
• A sequence of actions to obtain a certain expected result (in other words, an algorithm).

Only having mastered these logical axioms, a person can have a developed logical thinking.

Why do illogical people need logic?

Nobody likes people who live only by logic. These are usually indifferent egoists who do not accept such emotions and feelings as love, mercy. Cold calculation and chess analysis of all moves in advance does not give any guarantees, because logical laws have their own errors. You can often hear: “Logic is powerless here,” for example, when a person with an incurable disease gains a new life, or, despite terrible diagnoses, a couple has a baby.

If we think philosophically and imagine a logical world for a moment, then, most likely, there would be no place in it for cancer patients, the poor and those who do not work. If a person does not benefit society, he would simply be destroyed. That is why everything is necessary in moderation. Logic is not the only support for man. In addition to it, there are also emotions and feelings, but the development of logic never hurts, especially if you want to learn how to think effectively.

How to develop logic in an adult?

If in childhood the development of logical thinking was not given enough attention, then in adulthood a person may have difficulty in making decisions, reasoning, as well as problems with determining cause and effect. People with developed logical thinking are more successful in life, they make fewer mistakes, they feel more confident.

1. Try to solve logical tasks for comparison. On the site you can find games for the development of attention, exercises like "Compare figures".
2. Be sure to compete with friends and play collective games to develop logic and attention. Instead of the usual conversations or walks, try to have a friendly party where you compete with each other in mind games. Such an original pastime is suitable for both a noisy company and two people in love.
3. Check your IQ level from time to time to visually see the results of your training.
4. Translate every everyday problem into a logical problem and try to solve it using deductive and inductive methods.
5. In disputes with people, try to prove your point of view with logical arguments. Practice in the formulation of indirect questions addressed to the interlocutor to lead to conclusions.
6. Re-read the good old detectives. Arthur Conan Doyle, Agatha Christie are excellent authors who managed to teach readers logical techniques in an interesting way.
7. Games that develop the logical component of thinking are chess, preference and backgammon. Diversify your leisure time with these board games.

Our team consists of psychologists and the best specialists in game design. We strongly recommend developing on a regular basis not only logic, but also other components of intellectual abilities. By the way, many IQ test questions contain logical tasks. So if you want to be smarter, you need to practice. The main rule for the development of logic is regular classes. Our service helps to spend them with benefit, as well as get visual results in your personal account and a recommended program.

Logical thinking is based on building a chain of sequences, arguments, events, which helps to draw certain conclusions and make the right decisions. If a person has a well-developed logical thinking, he can easily find a way out of any situation, predict the consequences of events. It is best to develop this ability from early childhood, but in adulthood you can and should train.

There are many logic exercises that help develop attention, concentration, perception, observation, thinking, intelligence. An exercise called “Logic” is useful. Its meaning is to determine whether the relationship between judgments is correctly established, whether the conclusion, inference, is logical. For example: “All dogs can bark. Sharik is a dog, which means he can bark.” This statement is logical. “All fruits are delicious. Ice cream is also delicious, so it is a fruit.” There is an error in judgment here. When working with children, it is important not just to ask whether a statement is false or true, but to ask the child to explain why he thinks so. Then he will build a logical chain, which will lead him to the right decision. Another effective exercise that helps develop logical thinking is “Ordering”. A set of words or phrases with the same theme is proposed. It is required to arrange them so that the first one is the most particular, and the last one is generalized. For example, "Dachshund - dog - animal." The more concepts in one chain, the more difficult the task, the more those brain centers that are responsible for logical thinking are involved. Also, various games are a simple and interesting method of developing logic. These include chess, checkers, dominoes, puzzles, backgammon, Rubik's Cube, Scrabble and many others. They help develop memory, perseverance, observation. These and many other games can be found in electronic form on the Internet, which will allow you to play without a second partner. Any games of logic develop the speed of thinking, the ability to see into the future, the ability to find solutions at lightning speed. It is these qualities that are very important in the modern world, where every day a person faces a myriad of tasks that need to be solved quickly and correctly. As for the youngest children, they can be offered cubes, puzzles of two or three elements, a constructor, pyramids, and other interesting games that will help not only keep the child busy, but also develop logical thinking.

Logical thinking will help you succeed in building a career in all areas of activity, even in family life.

Hello dear readers! “Let's think logically”, “It's logical!”, “Your actions defy logic…” — you hear such statements every day and often operate with them yourself. Do you know what logic is and why it is important to be guided by it? Let's understand this concept.

The scientific definition says that logic is the ability to think and reason correctly. It follows from this that logical thinking is a process during which we draw conclusions and make decisions, guided by specific facts and knowledge, analyzing and comprehending them.

It is thanks to logic that you evaluate any situation, easily isolating the most important from the secondary. It helps to find a connection between events, linking disparate facts into one chain. With the help of logic, you solve dozens of tasks every day: from complex production processes to seemingly elementary ones, like choosing a type of bread in a supermarket.

But here's the paradox - despite the fact that the ability to think logically is needed not only in psychology, but also in a variety of situations, many do not know how to do it well enough, which is why they sometimes make mistakes without even realizing it. To avoid such mistakes, logical thinking needs to be trained and improved. Devoting a little time every day to activities that promote the development of logic, you can achieve excellent results not only in children, but also in adults.

Without what is logical thinking impossible?

Logical thinking requires two components: proper thinking and logic.

• Thinking is a process during which the human brain processes incoming information and establishes connections between phenomena, objects and their properties. In order for the conclusions drawn to be true and correspond to reality, thinking must meet the criteria of logic.

• Logic is a way to find the right solution not empirically, but as a result of analyzing previously acquired knowledge. In the process of reflection, it is important not only to analyze in detail the slightest nuances of a particular object or phenomenon, but also to take into account other aspects. For example, its interaction with the environment.

In the process of reasoning, it is important to abandon subjective opinions and emotions. When you use thinking and logic instead, the conclusions drawn are sound and based on undeniable evidence.

Logical thinking is divided into three types. Having mastered them all, you can easily solve any work and life tasks.

figurative

Figurative-logical thinking is formed at an early age. From about a year and a half, a child is able to assess the situation and make decisions using his imagination.

Using this type of thinking, you mentally play out a given situation. Here the main role is played by the images of objects and phenomena. During reflection, you visually represent a situation and its features, recreate in your imagination the characteristics of objects.

abstract

In the process of abstract-logical thinking, along with real objects and phenomena, abstract images that do not exist in nature are also used. Abstract representations are created by human thinking and can take the form of a concept or inference.

verbal

Verbal-logical thinking involves not only the ability to draw conclusions and make decisions by analyzing events and processes, but also skills. It is extremely important to develop this type of logical thinking for those who often have to make presentations, read reports or lead discussions.

How to develop logical thinking?

Some shrug their shoulders - why waste time developing logical thinking if this skill is necessary for representatives such as mathematicians, programmers, engineers, philosophers, and so on.

However, to believe that it will be enough for everyone else to be guided by personal experience and common sense is very wrong. Sometimes the solution of ordinary everyday problems also requires the ability to think logically. Here are just some of the benefits you get when you use logic:

• You can easily navigate in non-standard situations
• You need less time to make the right decision
• You are not inclined to give in and deceive yourself
• You accurately assess your capabilities
• It is not difficult for you to correct what you or someone around
• You are able to convince your opponent that you are right, using the right arguments and arguments

Agree, such skills make life much easier for any person. And if so, it is worth allocating some time in the daily schedule and devoting it to the development of logical thinking.

The good news is that a person's stock of logic is not measured at birth. So, everyone can learn logical thinking and develop this skill to the level they need.

In universities, students study the main aspects of logic, receive a theoretical base, which they then learn to apply in practice. We will not dive into the depths of theory, but consider the simplest methods that will show you how to develop logic at home.

Mathematics to the rescue

Mathematics is a science subject to the strictest logic. That is why it is not bad to remember the school course and make the brain work on simple examples. Let's start with the multiplication table. Naturally, randomly, as a school teacher did, testing your knowledge. Then the puzzles can be made more difficult. For example, adding or subtracting two-, three- and four-digit numbers in your mind.

Board games

Checkers, backgammon and, of course, chess are the three leaders among board games. Choose the one that you like and improve your skills - this is a great option for training logical thinking. Do you find chess and checkers boring? It doesn't matter - there are other games that will make your logic work in full force. Poker, Monopoly, Mafia - everyone can find a game to their liking.

Logic tasks

Surely you remember such tasks for the development of logic - in order to find the right solution, you need to thoroughly rack your brains and calculate the various options. If you have not been fond of such tasks before, do not force events and do not choose tasks of increased complexity. If you spend a lot of time, and you still can’t find a solution, you will be disappointed and the desire to repeat the failed experience will no longer arise. Therefore, start with the simplest and gradually increase the level of complexity.

Crosswords

Another great mind trainer is all kinds of crossword puzzles. Choose the ones you like best: classic, sudoku, crosswords, Japanese graphic puzzles or other rebuses. Solving crossword puzzles stimulates brain activity and forces you to use logical thinking at full capacity. If you have already reached the level where even the most complex crossword puzzles click like seeds, you can try to make your own crossword puzzle.

Feel like Sherlock

Remember how the legendary detective easily solved any mysteries, simply by analyzing the facts and drawing correct conclusions based on them? You can try to do the same by learning induction and deduction. Try to guess what your new acquaintance is doing, where a colleague spent his vacation and where your random travel companion is going. You will not only train your logical thinking, but also have fun.

Would you like to learn even more ways to develop logical thinking? So you just need to read the book “Amazing logic”. In it you will find many interesting facts, as well as original assignments and tests that will help you assess the current level of logical thinking and develop it.

How to teach a child to think logically?

The sooner you start developing logical thinking in a child, the easier it will be for him to study at school, as well as solve various everyday situations. So that logic classes are not boring, they should be carried out in a playful way. So the child will learn the lessons easier, and will look forward to the next lesson.

Logic tasks for different ages

Even the smallest ones are able to solve the simplest logic puzzles. A child at the age of one and a half to three years is already able to find a certain object among other objects, as well as distinguish colors and choose a given one. For children in such tasks, you can use colored cubes, various shapes, as well as your favorite toys.

For older children, tasks can be more difficult. For example, to offer to find among the objects of one category an object that does not belong to it. A four-year-old child is quite capable of finding an apple among vegetables or determining that a napkin next to a spoon, cup and plate is not a dish.

Tasks for preschoolers can already be based on the basics of mathematics. Also, children aged five to six get acquainted with the concept of more-less and successfully cope with tasks where it is clearly required to determine inequality.

Guess!

Riddles are one of the best ways to develop figurative-logical thinking in a child from the age of two. Of course, their complexity should correspond to the age of the baby. Start simple and gradually increase the difficulty. In search of a clue, the child turns on his imagination, analyzes the information received and compares it with phenomena or objects familiar to him.

Lego and company

You rarely meet a child who is absolutely indifferent to designers. Of course, everyone has their own preferences. Someone is crazy about Lego sets, from which you can assemble an entire city with buildings, vehicles, people and animals. And someone likes simple sets of blocks from which you can build whatever your imagination tells you. Older children may enjoy building kits to build models of land, air or water vehicles.

Shall we play?

Board games are good for training logic in both adults and children. Of course, it may be too early to present chess to a kid. Instead, you will be able to choose one of the games recommended for the appropriate age. A good option would be a themed lotto or dominoes. However, free games also give excellent results. Teach your child to play sea battle or tic-tac-toe - such battles will make his logic work in an enhanced mode.

Collect the picture

Today you can buy puzzles designed for a variety of ages. Kids will be happy to put together an object already familiar to them from two or four large parts. And as you grow older, the number of puzzles in the set will increase, and their size will become smaller and smaller.

If your child is just getting to know puzzles, avoid pictures with a uniform background. It will be difficult for a beginner to collect the blue sky or the vast expanses of the sea. Give preference to fragments from familiar fairy tales or cartoons. And if the child has difficulties, be sure to help and direct his efforts in the right direction.

As you can see, in order to develop logical thinking, it is not necessary to study textbooks intended for universities. There are many enjoyable and fun ways to train your logic every day, without much effort and time.

What methods do you use? Write about it in the comments and share your methods.