Familiarization and learning how to help a drowning person in water (release from gripping hands, behind the body in front, behind the neck in the back, transporting a drowning person). Providing first aid on land. If a drowning person grabbed the rescuer's hands by the
Swimming rescue is one of the main ways to help a person on the water. To do this, you must be able to swim and dive well, as well as skillfully apply rescue techniques and towing a drowning person. Swimming crawl allows you to develop the highest speed, which makes it possible to quickly approach the drowning.
When rescuing, every second is precious, so the rescuer is sometimes forced to jump into the water in clothes. In this case, you need to quickly take off your shoes, turn out your pockets, as they filled with water will make it difficult to swim, unbutton your shirt buttons, untie your belt, tie, etc. You should swim up to the drowning person in such a way that it is applied to the lifeguard.
It is best to approach a drowning person from behind, trying to remain unnoticed. One must beware if it is seen that the rescued person is waiting for the approach of the rescuer in order to grab onto him. When swimming up to a drowning person, you should dive under him, grab him with your left (right) hand under the knee of your right (left) leg, and with the palm of your right (left) hand, strongly push the left (right) knee in front and turn the drowning person with his back (Fig. 10 ).
This should be done in cases where the victim in a panic makes erratic movements or resists. Once behind the back of a drowning person, you need to firmly grab him with one of the following methods and tow him to the shore or ship.
If the rescued, being in a state of fright, begins to resist, grab the rescuer by the hands, neck, torso, legs, then the rescuer is recommended to dive to free himself from the grip. If this does not help, then you should resort to one of the following methods for releasing the capture.
Release from gripping the hands. The rescuer, clenching his fists, with a strong jerk spreads his arms towards the thumbs of the drowning person (Fig. 15), at the same time pulls his legs up and resting them on the chest of the drowning person, pushes himself away from him.
Exemption from the capture of the neck in front. The rescuer, with the palm of one hand, rests on the chin of the drowning person, closes his nostrils with his thumb and forefinger, grabs the drowning person by the lower back with the other hand, then simultaneously presses the drowning person strongly with one hand, and with the other sharply pushes him into the chin (Fig. 16). Release can be strengthened by a knee strike in the lower abdomen of the drowning person, but this technique is used only in extreme cases.
Exemption from the capture of the neck from behind. The rescuer with one hand takes the drowning person by the wrist of the grasping hand, with the palm of the other hand props up the elbow of the grasping hand and, sharply raising the elbow up, and the hand, turning down, slips out of the grip (Fig. 17, a), then, without releasing the captured hand, continues to turn drowning with his back to himself (rice, 17.6),
Exemption from gripping the torso through the hands. The rescuer, having dipped his hands into fists, delivers a sharp blow with his thumbs to the area of the ribs of the drowning person.
Exemption from the capture of the torso under the arms. The same technique is used as when releasing from the grip on the neck in front.
Exemption from the grip on the legs. The rescuer takes with one hand the head of the temple drowning in the area, and with the other hand from the opposite side by the chin, and energetically turns it to the side and to the side until he loosens the grip (Fig. 18).
If any of the methods does not immediately give positive result, it should be repeated with more force.
When a drowning person is immersed on the ground, the rescuer immediately dives after him.
An incident on the water is always unexpected. It can happen while swimming or swimming in an open water or pool.
In case of an accident, help the drowning person as soon as possible. It is necessary to act promptly, decisively, without fuss.
If there were no life-saving equipment at the scene of the incident or for some reason they cannot be used (there is no boat, and the person is drowning far from the shore and he cannot be thrown a lifebuoy, balls, etc.), the drowning person must be rescued by swimming.
Attention!
Noticing a drowning person, you need to quickly assess the situation and choose the most best option salvation. If there is no boat nearby, and the victim is away from people, then it is necessary to run along the shore to the place closest to the sinking place, taking off your clothes and shoes on the go. Then enter the water and swim, taking into account the speed of the current.
With a strong current, you should run along the coast with the expectation to get ahead of the drowning one and only after that enter the water. It is impossible to jump into the water, especially head down, in an unfamiliar place. This is dangerous for the life of the rescuer!
If the victim plunged into the water, then you need to dive and find him. If the victim lies on the bottom, then, approaching him, you should grab him under the arms or with both hands by the arm, push off from the bottom and float to the surface of the water.
Note that the simplest rescue equipment for helping those in distress on the water (life buoys, balls, a throwing rope designed by Aleksandrov, hooks, rescue bibs, belts, vests, etc.) are located in places of mass bathing or training of those who cannot swim on special shields nearby. from water.
Life saving is the most important type of applied swimming, which every person who can swim needs to master.
Release from grips
When approaching a drowning person, it is necessary to dive and approach him under water from the back, which will help to avoid the drowning rescuer being captured by the drowning person.
But every rescuer must know how to free a drowning person from the grips.
Grabs can be the most unexpected - for two hands, for one hand, for the torso, for the neck, in front and behind. The rescuer must remember that with any capture, immersion under water contributes to the release from it, since the drowning person will not strive to stay above the water. If this technique does not allow you to get rid of the grip, then you should apply submission hold and painful reception in combination with immersion.
Everyone should know this
If the drowning man grabbed the hands of the rescuer by the wrists, then you can free yourself by jerking inward - towards the thumbs of the victim or, resting your bent legs on the chest, push off from him.
When clasping the rescuer's neck with his hands in front, he needs, grabbing the drowning man's elbows, send them up and quickly sink under the water. If the drowning man grabbed the neck of the rescuer from behind, then it is necessary, grabbing upper hand drowning with one hand by the wrist and the other by the elbow, raise the hand of the victim and carry it through his (rescuer's) head, at the same time sinking to the depth.
When capturing the torso together with the arms in front, it is necessary, sharply spreading your arms to the sides, plunge into the water (go into the depths). The same should be done when grabbing from behind. If the drowning man grabbed only the torso (under the arms) of the rescuer in front, then you should rest your hands on the chin and push off with your hands and foot from the drowning man. With such a capture from behind, it is necessary, grabbing the thumbs of a drowning person, spread them apart and plunge into the water. Regardless of what the grip was and how it was released, the rescuer must not lose sight of the victim. In all cases, the drowning person should be turned back to himself, holding his hand.
If lifeguards provide assistance to a person in distress on the water from a boat, then it is better to pull him out from the stern so as not to capsize the ship.
Ways to transport the victim
To transport the victim, the rescuer must have good physical fitness and be fluent in sports swimming techniques.
The main requirements for transportation methods are the speed of movement with a drowning person and providing him with breathing.
When swimming with a drowning person, you cannot put him on yourself. Should be given more horizontal position so that the mouth and nose are on the surface of the water.
Methods of transportation are divided into two groups: without fixing the hands, when the drowning person calmly obeys the rescuer, and Towing the drowning person by the chin with fixing the hands in case of resistance of the drowning person. Head towing. The rescuer, stretching out his arms, takes the head of the drowning person so that the thumbs lie on the cheeks, and the little fingers lie under the lower jaw of the victim, and raises his face above the surface of the water. Swimming on his back and working with his legs in the breaststroke method, the lifeguard transports the drowning person to the shore.
Underarm towing. The assisting person firmly grabs the victim under the armpits and tows the drowning person, floating on his back with the help of his legs.
Hand towing. Approaching the drowning person from behind, the rescuer quickly puts his left (right) hand under the right (left) hand of the drowning person. Then he takes him by the left (right) hand above the elbow joint, presses the rescued back to himself and tows him to a safe place.
Swimming on the side, with one arm and legs free, allows the rescuer to navigate, choose the direction when transporting the rescued and tow him over long distances.
Towing above the elbows. The person assisting grabs both hands of the drowning person from behind by the elbows, pulls them together from behind, then puts his left (right) hand in front under the armpit and holds it behind the drowning person's back. Then, with his left (right) hand, he grabs the right (left) hand of the drowning person above the elbow and presses the drowning person strongly with his back. The rescuer tows a drowning person with a breaststroke or on his side, performing movements with his free arm and legs. This method is recommended for swimming with a resisting drowning person.
Hair or collar towing. The rescuer, grabbing the hair or the collar of the drowning person's clothes with his hand, floats on his side, working with his free hand and legs. It is necessary to tow a drowning person with a straightened arm, supporting his head above the surface of the water so that water does not enter the respiratory tract of the rescued person.
Towing while assisting a tired swimmer
Method one. A tired swimmer puts outstretched arms behind the shoulders of the rescuer, who tows him with a breaststroke. If possible, the swimmer helps by kicking.
Method two. The rescuer swims towards the tired swimmer from the side of his legs. The swimmer lies on his back and puts freely straightened arms on the shoulders of the rescuer. The tired swimmer's legs are spread wide so as not to interfere with the rescuer's arms and legs. Swimming breaststroke, the lifeguard pushes the tired person forward, but in such a way that the mouth and nose are constantly above the surface of the water.
Method three. In the case when two rescuers provide assistance, the tired swimmer is located between them, putting straightened arms and legs on the shoulders of the rescuers. Rescuers swim breaststroke. The rescued person's legs should be relaxed so as not to impede the movements of the hands of the rescuer who is behind.
In conclusion, it is necessary to draw your attention to one, but no less important detail during rescue - removal of the victim from the water. Swimming to the shore and standing on the bottom, the rescuer conveniently grabs the drowning person under his arms, carefully lifts him up and, moving backwards, pulls him ashore, lays him down on a flat place on a blanket or other bedding. Then immediately begin to provide first aid.
Attention!
If there was no doctor or nurse at the scene (or they did not have time to drive up), the rescuer provides first aid before their arrival, having previously assessed the condition of the victim.
Questions
- What is the recommended course of action for a lifeguard when assisting a person in distress on the water?
- What qualities and skills should a rescuer have to help a person in distress on the water?
- List the main ways to release a drowning person from the grips when helping him on the water.
- What are the ways to transport the victim?
Exercise
In swimming training, try to consistently work out the techniques for rescuing a drowning person. We list some of them:
- diving feet down and getting objects from a depth of 1-2 m;
- swimming up to the victim and diving under him from the side of the back or head, turning him with his back to himself;
- transportation of floating objects in the position on the chest, on the back;
- ways of transporting a conditionally victim, holding both hands by the chin, by the hand.
A drowning person is usually in a semi-shock state, frightened, seized with fear. Therefore, at the sight of a rescuer, he convulsively grabs him, which threatens the death of both. To free himself from the grips of a drowning person, the rescuer must make great efforts, and sometimes use force. Most often, a drowning person grabs the rescuer by the hands, neck (front and back), torso (through the arms and under the arms), and legs. In this case, one of the following methods of release from the grips of a drowning person should be applied.
Release from gripping the hands(Fig. 14). First of all, the rescuer quickly determines how the thumbs of the drowning person are located. Then, with a strong jerk towards the thumbs, he spreads the hands of the drowning man. At the same time, pulling his legs up to his stomach and resting them on the chest of the rescued, he pushes himself away from him. And, finally, with a sharp movement, he turns the drowning man with his back to himself and tows.
Rice. 14. Release from gripping the hands
Release from front neck grip(Fig. 15). The rescuer, resting his palm on the chin of a drowning man with a large and index fingers, tries to close his nose, and at the same time wraps his other hand around the waist of the drowning man. Then, pressing his fingers on his nose, he strongly presses the drowning man to himself and sharply pushes him in the chin, bending him in the lower back. The release can be strengthened by a knee strike in the lower abdomen of the drowning person, but this technique is used only in extreme cases. Rice. fifteen.
Release from the back of the neck(Fig. 16). The rescuer with one hand grabs the drowning person by the wrist of the opposite hand, and the other supports the elbow. Then, sharply raising the elbow up and twisting the hand down, it slips out from under the hands of the drowning man, but does not let go of the captured hand, but continues to turn the rescued person with his back to himself and tow.
Rice. 16. Release from the back of the neck
Exemption from gripping the torso through the hands. The rescuer, clenching his hands into fists, delivers a sharp blow with his thumbs to the area of the ribs of the drowning person and proceeds to tow.
Exemption from gripping the torso under the arms. The rescuer is released from the capture of a drowning person by the same technique as when grabbing the neck from behind.
Exemption from the grip on the legs(Fig. 17). The rescuer grabs the head of the temple sinking in the region with one hand, and the chin (on the opposite side) with the other hand and vigorously turns it to the side and sideways until it is released. Then, without letting go of the head of the rescued, it floats with him to the surface of the water and tows the boat, boat or shore.
When assisting the victim, one must remember that in critical situations, drowning people behave differently: those who fight for life, controlling their actions, trust the rescuer when help approaches; those who have lost their temper, seized with fear, try to grab hold of the rescuer.
Captures can be the most unexpected. For one hand, for two hands, for the neck, torso, front and back. Breaking free from grips requires extra effort. Therefore, even swimmers who are well-versed in the methods of liberation from seizures, when providing assistance to victims, need to use them only in the most critical situations (Fig. 36-46).
Rice. 36. Release when grabbing both hands from the front
Rice. 37. Release when grabbing one hand in front
Rice. 38. Release when grabbing both hands from behind
Rice. 39. One forearm release
Rice. 40. Front grip release at hand
Rice. 41. Releasing from a grip in the front over the arms
Rice. 42. Exemption from the capture from behind over the arms
Rice. 43. Back grip release under arms
Rice. 44. Exemption from the capture from behind the torso and arms
Rice. 45. Exemption from the capture of the shoulders from behind
Rice. 46. Release from the back of the neck with both hands
The most dangerous are grips by the hands, grips by the neck from behind, grips by the body from the front. Some grips may not break free at all.
If the drowning man grabbed the hands of the rescuer by the wrists, then you can free yourself by jerking your hands inward, towards the thumbs of the victim or resting your bent legs on the chest, pushing off from him.
When wrapping your arms around the neck from behind, you should grab the upper arm of the drowning person with one hand by the wrist and the other by the elbow, raise the victim and carry it through your (rescuer's) head, while descending into the depths.
When clasping hands around the neck in front, it is necessary to grab the elbows of the drowning person, sending them up and quickly sinking under the water.
When capturing the torso together with the arms from behind or in front, it is necessary to sharply spread your arms to the sides, sink into the depths.
If the victim grabbed only the torso (under the arms) of the rescuer in front, you need to rest your hands on the chin and push off with your hands and feet from the drowning person.
Regardless of the grips and methods of release, the rescuer must not lose sight of the victim.
When releasing from grips, remember the following:
1) when freeing from the grip, it is necessary to take a deep breath and go down, and push the victim up (when the swimmer goes under water, the victim usually releases the rescuer and releases the rescuer from the grip);
2) finishing the release from the grip, you should turn the victim back to you, float to the surface and use one of the methods of transportation.
Neck, arm and torso grips are the most common. In all cases, it is recommended to use simple and effective techniques given in Table. 3.
Table 3The main methods of release from the grips of a drowning person
The listed grips and techniques for releasing them are not exhaustive. In the practice of rescue, there are many other options that require composure, self-confidence, determination, the ability to quickly navigate and apply effective techniques from the rescuer.
After liberation from the grips of a drowning person, it is necessary to deliver him to a place where it is possible to provide first aid. For this, there are special methods of transporting the victim.
Since the transportation of a drowning person who interferes with the rescuer is very difficult and requires good physical and swimming fitness, such drowning people should be tried to calm down, support near the surface, and only then transported.
Transportation is possible in the following ways:
1) put a drowning person on his back, grab his edge of the lower jaw with his hands and swim on his back, performing movements in one of the swimming methods;
2) put the drowning person on his back, lie on his side, pass his "upper" hand from below under the hand of the victim closest to the rescuer and, supporting his head by the chin, swim on his side, performing movements with his legs and "lower" hand;
3) put the victim on his back, lie on his side, and pass his “upper” hand between the near hand and the back of the drowning person, grab the forearm or elbow of his other hand, laid back behind the back, and swim on his side, performing movements with his legs and free hand (This method of transportation is called "sea capture" and is more often used if the drowning person resists).
Liberation from the gripper of the drowning
If a drowning man captures a rescuer, then the latter should, taking a deep breath, dive under the water together those with the drowning man. Trying to stay on the surface the drowning man releases him. Meanwhile, the lifeguardlyv to the victim from behind and using one of the techniqueswith the fixing of hands, starts towing.
Often a drowning man grasps only one hand savespruce. In this case, you can not get rid of the grip, but tow the victim, working with one handand feet. If they are captured both hands then, pulling up the legs,the rescuer must rest them against the chest of the drowning man andpush off. In other cases, it is enough to roll overon the back and so transport the rescued.
Very often a person in distress on the water grabsHands rescuer. In this case, the swimmer mustclench your hands tightly into fists and turn them sharply inside of the thumbs of the drowning man.
At gripping the forearm should be repelledwho was walking, resting one foot on his chest. Possible and this way of release: with the right (left) hand push the right (left) hand of the rescued, and rest your foot on the chest, without pushing. At the same time, drowning turns and can be towed.
To get rid of grip on the back of the neck, spathe satel needs to push his right elbow with his left hand, thennagging from the bottom up and at the same time with his right handgrab a brush of it right hand and pull down, carefullyturning at the elbow joint and turning behind the back.
At the same time, the rescuer, lowering his head down,releases it from under the hands of a drowning man, makes a lion lungeoh foot and, once behind the drowning man, turnis facing his back. Then he takes offt left hand from the elbow of the rescued, quickly transfers it to the left, threads it under the left armpit of the drowningsides of the chest behind the back and, grabbing his right shoulder,hugs him tightly.
If a drowning man grabbed a rescuer behind the neck in front, then to release you need to dive and at the same time pressknee to a drowning person in the lower abdomen or release one hand by applying a clamp on the chin and nose or forehead and nose, To do this, with the palm of your hand free hand push the chin up, and with two fingers of the same hand yut on the nose from below, closing the nostrils. At the same time another with a hand they press the drowning person to themselves so that a bend forms in his lower back.
For release from gripping the body through the hands the rescuer, clenching his hands into fists, delivers a sharp blow in the region of the ribs of a drowning person.
For release from gripping the torso under the arms the same procedure is applied as for the releasefrom the front of the neck.
To get rid of leg grab, the rescuer takes with one hand the head of a drowning person in the temple area, and a friendoh - from the opposite side for the chin and energygently turns it to the side and to the side untilthe victim will not loosen the grip.
If any of the techniques does not immediately put good result, it should be repeated using eat more power.