Planned conception. We are planning a pregnancy: the role of a man. Preparing for pregnancy: the necessary minimum

There are several important points that you should pay attention to when preparing for pregnancy.

More and more young couples approach pregnancy planning with responsibility, and rightly so: after all, the health of the baby depends on how future parents prepare for conception.

1. Preparation is for two. One cell of my mother, one cell of my father - an indisputable fact. Therefore, both women and men should prepare. That is, both pay attention to their lifestyle, the presence of stress, and, of course, eliminate them.
2. For three months. Sperm maturation occurs three months before the intended conception, therefore, a man must take care of a healthy lifestyle and the rejection of harmful negative factors in advance. By the way, the woman too - after all, pregnancy will require a lot of strength.
3. Visit doctor. Thinking about pregnancy, you need to visit doctors: a therapist (and it is better if both spouses do this (see paragraph 1)), a dentist and a gynecologist (for a woman). The therapist will give directions for delivery, select vitamins that will strengthen the body, the dentist will check the condition of the teeth, because pregnancy can greatly weaken them, the gynecologist will assess the reproductive health of the expectant mother.
4. Vaccinations and infections. There are some diseases that cannot be ill during pregnancy, otherwise the baby may develop malformations. These are mumps, measles, rubella, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis. To minimize the risks, it is necessary to undergo an examination to detect antibodies to these ailments, get vaccinated if necessary, and communicate less with pets, especially cats (they are carriers of toxoplasmosis).
5. Down with bad habits. Not just smoking and alcohol. Excessive coffee consumption also negatively affects pregnancy planning. So, smoking and alcohol inhibit spermatozoa, negatively affect the ability to ovulate, and more than one cup of coffee drunk a day halves the chances of getting pregnant.
6. Sports training. When preparing for pregnancy, sport is important. Firstly, such loads strengthen the body, tighten muscles, increase endurance, and secondly, they contribute to better blood circulation, which means that the chances of getting pregnant increase. The main thing is that the loads are moderate.

   
   

7. 8 glasses of water. Water is the source of life. It regulates pressure and temperature, cleanses the body, nourishes every cell of the body. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is simply necessary to drink clean water, and at least 8 glasses (2 liters) per day.
8. Antistress program. The calmer the couple, the sooner the long-awaited pregnancy will come. No wonder they say that it turns out when you turn off your head and completely relax. Therefore, during the planning of pregnancy, try to abstract from everything that may worry you. Tune in to your future child, and he will come to you!
9. Vitamins and Vitamins will help strengthen the body, and folic acid will prepare the reproductive system, preventing the development of defects in the baby. It is worth taking them in advance, several months before planning. The vitamin complex is selected by the doctor.
10. other medicines. If folic acid is needed, then other drugs can interfere with fertilization or have side effects that will adversely affect the health of mother and child. In addition, some drugs adversely affect the fertility of both sexes. Therefore, minimize the medications you use. If it is impossible to refuse a certain drug, and it has enough side effects, consult your doctor - perhaps he will select a replacement.
11. Weight is normal. Weight and the production of sex hormones are interconnected, so any extra kilogram can reduce the chances of seeing the cherished two stripes. A few months before planning a pregnancy, review your diet in favor of healthy and necessary foods. By the way, the lack of weight does not carry anything good in itself, reducing the possibility of bearing.

    
    

12. Farewell bath! They say that in ancient China, men were protected ... by visiting the bath. They go to the sauna, and within a few months, pregnancy does not occur. There were, of course, exceptions, but still modern doctors partially agree with the Chinese method, arguing that when the scrotum is overheated, spermatozoa weaken. By the way, high temperatures can adversely affect the egg. So, if you want a child, refuse to visit the baths for a while.
13. Chemistry - with care. When planning a baby, you should try to turn to everything natural and harmless. This also applies to food (carefully read the composition of the products), and the same detergents (avoid toxic solutions).
14. Regular sex. And finally, when starting to conceive, remember: sex should be regular, not infrequent and not excessive. Ideally, if intimacy between spouses occurs every 2 days and on the day of ovulation. Calculate the days, but do not go into mathematics and automatism, because emotions and feelings are very important in this matter!

When planning a pregnancy, many women face countless stereotypes and typical misconceptions about this. Some immediately clarify the situation and receive answers to their questions from the doctor. But the majority, without suspecting it, unfortunately, listens to these "bad advice."

February 3, 2015 · Text: Ludmila Kleimenova· A photo: GettyImages

chief doctor of the clinic "Mama".

We decided to dot all the "i" and collected eight tips that will help you plan your pregnancy competently.

1. Technique: is it really that important?

Couples planning pregnancy are advised to have regular sex life. Optimal - sexual intercourse every other day. A particularly good time is 5 days before ovulation and 1 day after. A woman should keep a calendar in which she will mark favorable days for conception. Ideal positions for conception are those in which sperm will not flow out after intercourse is completed. The chances of successful and rapid conception are increased for those women who are aware of their physiological characteristics. So, some have a bend of the uterus, in others the cervix may be located just above the uterus. In the first case, a knee-elbow position is recommended, in the second - a woman on her back, a man on top.

2. Should you eat for yourself and “for that guy”?

You need to pay attention to your diet and your weight even at the planning stage of pregnancy. There should be no deficiency or excess of body weight. Almost all pregnant women need more protein, certain vitamins and minerals (primarily folic acid and iron), and more calories for energy. But eating better doesn't mean eating more. Stay away from raw seafood, alcohol. Try to cut down on caffeinated drinks. It is advisable to eat 4-5 times a day in small portions. It is not necessary to increase the number of calories by force - the body itself will tell you. The most important thing is not to starve, but excessive nutrition is excluded. "Eat for two" is such an excuse for women who love to eat. You can track your weight with a calculator. If you find that you are gaining too much, then there should be fasting days. It is by no means about starvation. Your obstetrician-gynecologist will tell you how to organize them correctly.

3. Hormonal contraceptives: truth and fiction

After stopping oral contraceptives, you can become pregnant as early as next month. Therefore, do not postpone pregnancy planning for later. Already in the first month after the end of the reception of funds, calculate the favorable days for conception. If, after the abolition of contraceptives, a woman cannot become pregnant for a year, then a number of cases should be excluded:

• Any diseases that prevented conception before taking oral contraceptives.
• Operations or infections suffered while taking these drugs.
• Age-related decline in ovarian reserve.

There is also a small chance that after thirty-five years after the abolition of oral contraceptives, the ovaries may not turn on. There is no way to help here. But this happens quite rarely. In women up to this age, the ovaries begin to work almost immediately.

4. Accurate calculation of the day of ovulation: is it really necessary?

When you do an ovulation test, intercourse should be on the day of a positive test, but ovulation will occur in 24-36 hours, and it is better to have sex again the next day. Spermatozoa in the uterine cavity can remain active for five days. If sexual intercourse was the day before, and then the husband went on a business trip, pregnancy can still occur. But the egg lives in the body of a woman for no more than 24 hours, so it is better that the sexual intercourse takes place in a day, and not every other day.

Obsessing with scheduled sex is not good for your chances of conceiving. In addition to the fact that it has a certain effect on the body of a woman, a man may even develop erectile dysfunction. If a husband had a hard day at work, he comes home, and his wife says to him: “Today is X day, we definitely have to have sex,” this is unlikely to lead to something good. Probably, you need to be smarter and beat these situations. The calendar method of contraception / conception is effective with a stable cycle. In the month when you are planning a pregnancy, it is advisable to have sexual intercourse every two to three days.

5. Now - healthy lifestyle

Before pregnancy, women, as a rule, try to put their health in order. Of course, it is necessary to start taking folic acid two to three months before planning a pregnancy. It will help reduce the risk of birth defects and placental abruption. You should not abuse multivitamin complexes. They should be prescribed by a doctor depending on the indications. If you consume enough of any vitamin and at the same time increase the daily dose with a multivitamin complex, then an overdose is possible, which sometimes negatively affects the development of the fetus. With a healthy lifestyle, additional vitamins are not required.

HSE should include:

• Sleeping mode. It is necessary to sleep eight to nine hours, and always at night.
• Proper nutrition. Breakfast should be complete: not coffee with sausage, but cereals, cottage cheese, fruits. Drink at least two liters of pure water a day. A proper diet also includes cutting down on coffee intake. It is better for both men and women to drink no more than one or two cups a day: then the likelihood of pregnancy increases.
• Physical exercise are also important. If there is no time for them, walk a lot, climb stairs and escalators, do exercises in the morning. Do not take drugs and cocktails that are offered in gyms. The power load should be moderate: powerlifting affects the hormonal background, and women involved in it may have a delay in the menstrual cycle.

What other “pitfalls” do women who want to get pregnant in the foreseeable future need to think about?

6. Stress is enemy number one

There is such a thing - psychogenic infertility. With stress, there may be a spasm of the fallopian tubes. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is very important to create a calm atmosphere. A girl should not get hung up on ovulatory tests and have sex only on a schedule. This is also a stressful situation that can adversely affect conception. There are a lot of cases when a couple, who were desperate to conceive in a natural way, began to prepare for IVF, stopped going crazy about the “schedule”, and they managed to get pregnant on their own. This happened largely due to the fact that the stress factor was leaving. It happens that you need to change jobs before you start planning a pregnancy. Conflicts with superiors and inadequate requirements can also play a negative role in this matter. Sometimes it is not possible to conceive because of the tense situation in the family, and in a new successful marriage, it is much easier for a woman to get pregnant.

How exactly does stress affect reproduction? It can interfere with ovulation, affect the hormonal background, due to which the egg may be immature.

If the couple is not infertile, a year of trying should result in a pregnancy. It is worth worrying after a year of regular unprotected intercourse. It is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination of both spouses. If everything is in order and the spouses are still young, they can overcome infertility on their own, without resorting to treatment. For a woman over 35, this is unacceptable, as her chances of getting pregnant are significantly reduced every month. You must remember that the quality of eggs after the age of 35 is constantly deteriorating, the number of genetic defects in them increases.

Sometimes infertility can be suspected from the very beginning. A delay in menstruation, a violation of the menstrual cycle (if it lasts more or less than 24-36 days) should alert. For example, with polycystic ovaries, the delay can be from 3 to 40 days. For a girl, this usually does not cause any concern: nothing hurts, menstruation comes less often - well, that's good. Against this background, planning a pregnancy is most often pointless, since ovulation may not occur at all. In this case, you should immediately go to the doctor.

Very unpleasant sensations during intercourse, extremely painful periods, brown unpleasant discharge before and after menstruation can be a sign of endometriosis, which also affects the onset of pregnancy. Multiple infections (especially chlamydia and gonorrhea) in the past can prevent you from conceiving naturally. If there was an abortion three or four years ago, and there are only two or three of them, then this is a risk factor for the development of endometritis (inflammation of the endometrium), which can interfere with the implantation of the embryo. In all these cases, a woman planning a pregnancy should not just undergo a routine examination by a gynecologist: she must definitely tell the doctor about disturbing symptoms or a history of abortion so that the doctor can conduct an additional examination.

7. Have time before ...

Of course, it is better to plan a pregnancy before the age of 30. This is due not only to the fact that a woman's ovarian reserve decreases with age, but also to the fact that various negative factors are added over time: operations, infections, etc. IVF is not a panacea. After 40 years, you can spend a million rubles and a lot of effort, but in the end you never become a biological mother to your child. In addition, pregnancy at 40 is different from pregnancy at 30. It must be remembered that this is a serious burden on the entire body. Therefore, you need to focus on giving birth before the age of 30.

The waiting strategy is only acceptable for couples under 30, after 35 years the quality of the eggs in women is constantly deteriorating, the number of genetic defects in them increases, so there is no time to waste if you are already over 30.

8. Self-medication - no

Before trying to conceive, you need to go to the gynecologist in order to undergo a minimal examination, to exclude infectious diseases that can subsequently affect the fetus. Of course, if a woman comes to the doctor in the first trimester, she will be given all these tests. But the adjustment of the diseases found can be complicated, since some drugs cannot be taken in the first trimester.

In no case should you prescribe drugs yourself. This can, for example, cause an untreated infectious disease to progress from acute to chronic. And since it is undesirable to become pregnant against such a background, it will take a long time and hard to be treated already under the guidance of a doctor. In case of infertility, it is necessary to be observed in a specialized clinic.

The birth of a child is a responsible mission. Many couples try to carefully plan their pregnancy and prepare for it in advance.

Undoubtedly, the birth of a child is one of the most important events in the life of any person. For this event to pass without problems, for a happy and healthy child to be born, a woman and a man need to take a responsible approach to planning a child.

Preparing for pregnancy is perhaps no less important stage in the birth of an unborn child than the pregnancy itself. Therefore, future parents need to undergo a series of tests and consultations at a family planning center six months before the planned conception of a child. More and more families in the modern world use the services of these medical centers for pregnancy planning.

According to statistics, on average, 3 out of 10 couples are planning the birth of an unborn child. Although this figure is still relatively small, thanks to modern information capabilities, couples know what is needed for proper pregnancy and family planning. Moreover, participation in this equally belongs to the future mother and father.

The process of pregnancy planning begins with the delivery of the necessary laboratory tests by a woman and a man.

Laboratory tests for a woman when planning a pregnancy

The priority is to donate blood to detect antibodies to pathogens of a group of infectious diseases that can harm the developing fetus during pregnancy. This group of infections is called TORCH infection. The presence of antibodies to such infectious agents is determined:

• Toxoplasmosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma. The peculiarity of this infection is that it can be asymptomatic in a woman, its confirmation is possible only by laboratory means - the determination of antibodies to Toxoplasma in the woman's blood. If antibodies are detected, the conception of a child in such a couple is delayed until the woman is completely cured of toxoplasmosis.

If the pregnancy was not planned, a laboratory test was not carried out, then during the development of the fetus, Toxoplasma enters it and leads to the development of severe malformations that are incompatible with life. Then there is a miscarriage at an early stage of pregnancy.

Toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage

• Rubella is a viral disease that usually occurs in childhood. To date, to prevent the occurrence of rubella in a woman during pregnancy, a vaccination against this infection has been introduced into the vaccination calendar.

If it is known for certain that a woman has had rubella in the past, then it is not necessary to determine antibodies in the blood. Rubella in a woman during pregnancy can lead to the development of malformations of the cardiovascular and nervous system.

• Cytomegalovirus infection and herpes - these viruses are in an inactive state in the body of 90% of people. The purpose of the analysis is to determine the degree of activity of this virus when antibodies of the IgG class are detected in the blood.

When these antibodies appear in the blood, a woman undergoes a course of antiviral treatment until a stable remission is formed (the disappearance of IgG antibodies). Like other infectious diseases of the TORCH group of infections, cytomegalovirus and herpes during pregnancy lead to severe malformations in the fetus.

• Chlamydia and ureoplasmosis are chronic asymptomatic infections of the female genitourinary system that can infect the fetus during birth and lead to severe illness of the child after birth.

Also, a woman must undergo a cervical smear examination for the presence of an infectious process in the genitals and the presence of atypical cells, indicating a tumor process.

To predict the course of childbirth, already during pregnancy planning, a measurement of the size of the pelvis is mandatory. This will make it possible to judge the presentation of the fetus to exit the uterus during childbirth and, accordingly, how the birth will proceed. With significant changes in a woman, pregnancy is not contraindicated, however, for delivery, the gynecologist offers surgery caesarean section.

Measuring the size of the pelvis will predict the complexity of childbirth

After performing these tests, a woman is consulted by a gynecologist, who carefully collects an analysis of previous diseases, the presence of other infectious diseases. The doctor also finds out what was the course of the previous pregnancy and whether the woman had an abortion or miscarriage in the past. Depending on the result of the consultation, the woman undergoes a series of additional examinations. Indications for their passage may be:

Regular menstrual irregularities - a laboratory determination of the level of a woman's sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) is carried out.

Having a spontaneous miscarriage in the past.

Excess body weight is an indication for determining the level of glucose in the blood to exclude the presence of diabetes in a woman. The level of cholesterol and lipoproteins is also determined in parallel.

Frozen pregnancy with fetal resorption in the past - the hormonal background of a woman is necessarily examined.

The impossibility of a woman becoming pregnant for a period of more than 1 year - a diagnostic complex of studies is performed to diagnose possible female infertility and its causes.

Laboratory tests that are performed on a man when planning a child

The study of a man is an equally important factor in planning a pregnancy, although this has not been given due attention before. The list of analyzes for the study of men's health includes:

• Determination of antibodies in the blood to infections that are sexually transmitted - first of all, the presence of chlamydia, ureaplasmosis is revealed. These infections in men are asymptomatic, but affect sperm quality, motility and the ability of sperm to fertilize an egg.

If antibodies to these infections are detected, the man undergoes a course of antibiotic therapy, after which he re-takes tests. With an unplanned pregnancy, a man can infect a woman with chlamydia or ureaplasmosis, which will cause illness in the child.

Mumps (mumps) is a viral disease related to childhood infections. This infection is characterized by the defeat of the testicles of a man with their inflammation and the development of the inability of spermatozoa to fertilize an egg. Now, in childhood, boys are given preventive vaccination against mumps.

Spermogram is a comprehensive study of sperm, which includes determining its quantity, viscosity, sperm count, their mobility, and the nature of movement. All these indicators are diagnostic in relation to the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize an egg.

Spermogram will tell about the chances of fertilization

Also, after passing all the laboratory tests, a man is consulted by an andrologist or urologist, who finds out what diseases of the genitourinary system the man suffered in the past. If necessary, additional laboratory and instrumental studies are prescribed - the detection of antisperm antibodies in the blood, ultrasound examination of the prostate and testicles, computed tomography.

Laboratory studies for women and men

In addition to a certain range of laboratory tests separately for men and women, joint analyzes are also carried out:

Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of future parents is necessary in order to determine the development of hemolytic disease of the newborn in a child, which develops in the presence of a negative Rh factor of the fetus and a positive Rh factor of the mother's blood.

Clinical blood test - allows you to identify the presence of an inflammatory process in the body, in which there is an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and an increase in the number of leukocytes. These indicators serve as the basis for further in-depth examination.

Testing is an important step in preparing for conception.

Clinical analysis of urine - includes indicators such as relative density, quantity, color of urine, the presence of protein in it. The number of leukocytes, salts and bacteria in the urine sediment is determined microscopically. The change in these indicators allows diagnosing infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system.

Biochemical blood test - during this analysis, the functional indicators of the normal functioning of the liver (cholesterol, total bilirubin) and kidneys (creatinine, urea) are determined.

According to the indications, an ultrasound examination of the organs of the urinary and reproductive systems is performed. The positive aspect of this study is its high information content in the absence of a harmful effect on the body of the subject. Therefore, ultrasound is also performed for pregnant women without any harm to the developing fetus.

Consultation of related specialists

After a laboratory test, both a woman and a man need to consult doctors of related specialties to exclude diseases of the internal organs. I regularly consult with the following doctors:

Therapist - consultation of a doctor of this specialty is necessary to identify or exclude diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, coronary heart disease, latent heart failure), respiratory system (chronic obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma) and digestive system (gastritis, enteritis, hepatitis).

Endocrinologist - performs a consultation to determine the hormonal background of the body of future parents, since the process of fertilization and pregnancy is affected by the blood level of not only sex hormones, but also other hormones that regulate metabolism in the body. Also, the endocrinologist conducts a consultation to identify diabetes.

Geneticist - finds out the presence of hereditary diseases in the family of a woman and a man, determines the likelihood of developing a particular disease in a child.

Consultations with specialists will help eliminate problems in the development of the fetus

At least six months, and preferably a year before the planned pregnancy, in order to improve the functional state of the organs of the reproductive system, hormonal levels and the general condition of the body, future parents follow a number of recommendations, which include:

exclusion of bad habits;

taking vitamins;

taking medications according to indications.

• Diet– a balance is needed in relation to the energy value of products. Preference is given to plant foods, which are rich in natural vitamins and fiber.

It is also recommended to consume lean meats, fish and poultry. For this, beef, rabbit, chicken meat are suitable. Dishes should be better cooked boiled or steamed. It is advisable to limit the consumption of pork, sweets, smoked meats.

• Diet- the daily volume of food is distributed in such a way that most of the food taken should be for breakfast and lunch, a smaller part for dinner. The last meal no later than 2 hours before bedtime, which will also allow you to ensure the functional rest of the digestive system during sleep.

When planning a pregnancy, you need to follow a diet

Exclusion of bad habits

• Tobacco smoking As a result of this habit, nicotine addiction develops. Nicotine, getting through the lungs into the systemic circulation and blood, has a negative effect on blood vessels, nutrition of internal organs. In men, it can cause a decrease in sperm motility, their genetic defects, which affect the development of the unborn child.

In women, nicotine disrupts the process of ovulation and the release of an egg from the ovaries. Therefore, in the case of the presence of this addiction, men must give it up at least six months before (the time of complete renewal of spermatozoa). It is better for women not to smoke not only when planning a pregnancy, but also during childbearing and breastfeeding.

• Alcohol abuse- In small quantities, alcohol has a beneficial effect on the liver, nervous system and cardiovascular system. However, when large doses of alcohol enter the body, its effect becomes the opposite. This harmful effect also affects the genitals of women and men. The harmful effects of alcohol in large quantities are the same when drinking any alcoholic beverage, be it vodka, cognac, wine or beer.

Overeating can also be attributed to bad habits, so you should not forget about the dietary recommendations outlined above.

A healthy lifestyle includes a set of measures that help strengthen the functional state of all organs and systems of the body. These include:

Food- includes all dietary recommendations and dietary patterns outlined above.

Physical activity- dynamic sports allow you to strengthen blood vessels, the heart, ensure good blood flow and nutrition of all organs, including the organs of the reproductive system. These sports include running, volleyball, football, swimming.

It is better to go in for sports in the morning or in the afternoon. Sports in the evening can even be harmful, as the body is physiologically tuned to rest. Also in this matter it is important not to overdo it, so as not to lead to muscle or ligament strain. Overwork after physical exertion also leads to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, which causes a feeling of pain, which has an adverse effect on the liver.

Rational organization of the regime of work and rest- any process of labor activity must be interspersed with breaks for rest. So in the case of mental work, every hour you can take 10-minute breaks, with switching attention from work. During physical work, depending on its intensity, the time between breaks is reduced. If the work is associated with a static load, then breaks should be taken even more often, at the time of rest it is better to stretch a little, restore blood flow in the stiff muscles.

Dream- a very important factor contributing to the maintenance of health in the body. A good sleep time is about 8 hours for an adult. Taking into account the biological rhythm in the human body and the nervous system, the time conducive to a good rest is the period from 22.00 pm to 6.00 am. That is, an 8-hour sleep in a different period of time of the day will not be complete and optimal.

Emotional activity- stress, prolonged negative emotions, mental fatigue lead to the depletion of the body's energy reserves, deterioration in the functioning of all organs and systems of the body, including the organs of the reproductive system. Therefore, during the planning of pregnancy, it is better for future parents to avoid negative emotions, nervous exhaustion and stress. It is also advisable to avoid quarrels with relatives and friends, as they are much more difficult to tolerate than other types of stressful conditions.

A separate recommendation for men when planning a pregnancy is to wear comfortable underwear without elastic bands, which allows free blood circulation in the testicles and prevention of impaired sperm maturation. Also, at least six months before the expected pregnancy, a man should refrain from visiting baths, saunas, since the high ambient temperature disrupts spermatogenesis - the process of formation and maturation of spermatozoa in the testicles.

In general, it must be remembered that the testicles are located in the scrotum of a man precisely because for normal spermatogenesis, the temperature in them must be 1-2º C lower than the body temperature, that is, be 33-34.5º C. In this case, spermatogenesis will proceed normally, and spermatozoa will have a high activity to fertilize the egg.

Vitamins when planning pregnancy

All groups of vitamins are very important for the normal course of pregnancy. The main ones are:

Vitamin C - is a powerful antioxidant, improves the maturation of sperm in men and eggs in women. Its deficiency in the body can lead to the impossibility of fertilization. The daily requirement is about 100-150 mg. This vitamin is rich in such foods - citrus fruits, rose hips, onions. In the winter-spring period, when fresh fruits and vegetables are scarce, the vitamin can be taken in the form of multivitamin tablets.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, it is a primary vitamin that affects the maturation of germ cells. Contained in lettuce, spinach, vegetable oil.

B vitamins - include a number of vitamins (B 1, B 6, B 12), which are involved in the metabolic processes of all body cells. These vitamins are contained in plant fiber - bread (from wholemeal flour), cereals (buckwheat, rice).

Folic acid - also belongs to the B vitamins, its supply in the body of a woman is very important for the normal maturation of the fetal nervous system during pregnancy. It is also recommended to take folic acid in the form of tablets for normal pregnancy and the prevention of miscarriages.

Vitamin A - belongs to the group of fat-soluble vitamins, is a powerful antioxidant, prevents the destruction of body cells. In relation to the organs of the reproductive system, this vitamin contributes to the proper division and maturation of sperm and eggs. Contained in vegetable fats, carrots.

Vitamins are necessary for a favorable course of pregnancy

Taking medication when planning a pregnancy

Medicines are prescribed by the attending physician or physician consultant, depending on the indications. These are drugs from various groups of drugs, they include:

Metipred- is a drug that inhibits the synthesis of male sex hormones. It is prescribed by a gynecologist or endocrinologist with an increased content of male sex hormones in a woman's body, which affects the process of fertilization and pregnancy. It is also prescribed when a woman has had miscarriages in the past that are not associated with infectious diseases.

Progesterone- the female sex hormone responsible for the menstrual cycle, the fertilization of the egg by the spermatozoon and the carrying of the pregnancy. The progesterone preparation is prescribed for the corresponding conditions of the woman associated with its insufficiency.

The commercial preparations of this group include Urozhestan, Duphaston, their molecule exactly repeats the structure of the molecule of natural progesterone. This drug is also prescribed for other diseases not related to pregnancy planning - malignant tumors, menstrual disorders, ovarian cyst, mastopathy, etc.

Dexamethasone- also a hormonal drug that is prescribed for hyperandrogenism (increased levels of male sex hormones) in a woman. Since this drug simultaneously affects metabolism, blood glucose levels (increases), increases systemic arterial pressure, it is used only under medical supervision. The drug, when used, stabilizes the level of hormones in the woman's body, which contributes to the fertilization of the egg and the normal bearing of the pregnancy.

Rovamycin- macrolides, a special group of antibiotic drugs that destroy toxoplasma in a woman's body. Treatment is carried out in case of detection and increased titer of Kutoxoplasma antibodies in the woman's blood. The course of treatment averages 7-10 days, then a second laboratory examination is carried out for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma.

Josamycin- an antibiotic from the group of macrolides, effective in the treatment of acute and chronic forms of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis of the genital organs in women and men. The course of treatment is at least 10 days, then a second examination, with positive results of which the treatment is continued or another antibiotic is selected.

Isoprinosine- an antiviral drug capable of destroying rubella and herpes viruses in the replication (division) stage. This drug is used for a course of at least 7 days, then after a short break in treatment, antibodies to these viruses are re-determined.

Interferon- a drug that also has antiviral activity. The mechanism of action is to potentiate (strengthen) the antiviral immunity of the woman's body. In addition, interferon also enhances general immunity.

Upon request, family planning centers have a specialist psychologist who will help in solving psychological issues and problems that young future parents may have. Already at this time, consultations are being held regarding feeding and caring for an infant. The psychologist talks about the possibility of pain during pregnancy and childbirth.

It is also desirable for the future father to attend counseling sessions with a psychologist who will tell him how to behave in case of harbingers of childbirth in his wife, how to help reduce pain.

Contraindications for pregnancy

Unfortunately, there are a number of pathological conditions in women that can have a very adverse effect on pregnancy and fetal development. These conditions are detected at the stage of pregnancy planning and are medical contraindications to pregnancy. These include:

• type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent) - a constant increase in blood sugar levels, a violation of the hormonal profile of a woman's body, a violation of all types of metabolism during pregnancy leads to miscarriage or severe fetal malformations;

  chronic cardiovascular pathology in the stage of decompensation - heart defects in a woman, coronary heart disease with chronic heart failure can lead to the fact that there is a risk of a woman's death during pregnancy;

  chronic renal failure - diseases such as chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis lead to permanent insufficiency of kidney function, and during pregnancy to a constant increase in blood pressure and toxicosis of the pregnant woman, which lead to placental abruption and fetal death;

  chronic liver failure - this condition occurs when the liver function is impaired due to cirrhosis of the liver, chronic hepatitis of viral or alcoholic etiology, which leads to a violation of the hormonal background of the woman's body.

Therefore, the identification of any pathology, deviations at the stage of pregnancy planning will allow them to be corrected and the woman to bear the unborn child without any complications, avoid problems in childbirth and improve the health of the already born child.

It includes a conscious decision to have a child, a complete examination of the body of the expectant mother (and, if necessary, the father), the identification and treatment of diseases that may adversely affect the health of the unborn child or the mother's ability to endure and give birth to a baby.

During pregnancy and childbirth, the female body experiences significant stress on all vital organs. The heart, kidneys, liver work with a vengeance, the nervous, immune, endocrine systems experience great stress. That is why it is advisable to prepare for pregnancy in advance, best of all - 2-3 months before the intended conception.

Pregnancy planning avoids many health problems and increases the chances of having a baby in general and a healthy baby in particular. Ideally, a woman should visit a gynecologist, dentist, therapist, ENT doctor and, if necessary, more specialized specialists in advance to identify and treat chronic diseases. In addition, she must be tested for “hidden” infections that go unnoticed but can harm the child, examine the hormonal status, do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and undergo other necessary studies. In some cases, a few months before the planned pregnancy, a woman is recommended to be vaccinated (most often against rubella and hepatitis B) in order to avoid problems during childbearing.

At the same time, you should not worry too much if the pregnancy is unplanned. In the first ten days, the fetus has not yet attached to the wall of the uterus and has not joined the mother's blood circulation - therefore, those harmful substances that enter her blood (alcohol, drugs, etc.) do not enter the child. Immediately after the fact of pregnancy is established, a woman should contact a gynecologist and undergo a complete examination in order to identify (and, if possible, eliminate) health problems and prepare for the birth of a healthy baby.

Visiting specialists

You need to start planning pregnancy with a visit to the gynecologist. The doctor will examine the woman's medical record, find out everything about previous pregnancies, abortions, contraceptive methods, previous and existing diseases. After the examination, the gynecologist will give the woman referrals for tests and examinations, and if health problems are suspected, she will advise to visit the appropriate specialists (endocrinologist, surgeon, allergist, etc.).

Further, a visit to a therapist is recommended, whose task is to diagnose and treat chronic diseases that can complicate the course of pregnancy. To identify and sanitize foci of chronic infection, it is necessary to consult an ENT doctor and visit a dentist.

If there were hereditary diseases in the family (Down's disease, myodystrophy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, etc.) or cases of stillbirth, a consultation with a geneticist is necessary. A geneticist can conduct special studies to identify genetic abnormalities and predict the birth of a healthy child.

Analyzes and examinations

All women who are about to conceive a child are advised to do:

• general and biochemical blood tests;
• analysis to determine the blood type and Rh factor (for both spouses);
• general urine analysis;
• smears and blood tests for sexually transmitted infections - PCR (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, gonorrhea, candidiasis (thrush) - for both spouses;
• blood for antibodies to rubella, toxoplasma, herpes, CMV, chlamydia, HIV, RW, hepatitis B and C viruses;
• blood sugar test;
• coagulogram (indicators of blood clotting);
• colposcopy (to assess the condition of the vagina and cervix);
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (to assess the condition of the uterus and ovaries).

Additional examinations:

• With the irregularity of the menstrual cycle, problems with conception and previous miscarriages, a blood test for sex hormones is prescribed.
• According to the testimony of an endocrinologist, tests for hormones of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, etc. can be prescribed.
• In case of miscarriage and infertility, a determination of lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to chorionic gonadotropin, antibodies to phospholipids, TPO antibodies, antibodies to TSH receptors and other examinations can be prescribed.
• Immunological examination.

Vaccinations

If a woman has not had rubella and she has no antibodies to this infection, it is recommended to be vaccinated (at least 3 months before the planned conception). This is due to the fact that rubella infection during pregnancy is fraught with the formation of fetal malformations and other disorders.

Additionally, you can get vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus, as well as against influenza.

Measurement of basal temperature

For several months, a woman is advised to measure her basal body temperature. All measurements are recorded in a graph that should be shown to the gynecologist. According to this schedule, the doctor can diagnose a number of disorders and, if necessary, prescribe an in-depth examination.

Just before conception

If everything turned out to be in order, you can begin direct preparation for conception. It is recommended for a married couple not to drink any medication for 2-3 months without consulting a gynecologist, not to smoke (in extreme cases, reduce the number of cigarettes, switch to lighter cigarettes), not to drink alcoholic beverages (more than 100 ml of wine per day ), do not abuse coffee, eat more fruits and vegetables, do not take hot baths, do not go to baths and saunas, try not to get sick.

Women should start taking vitamins with folic acid three months before the intended conception.

Now you can stop being protected and proceed to the actual conception. According to statistics, a healthy married couple who has sex 2-3 times a week without contraceptives usually takes from several months to a year to conceive. So don't worry if it doesn't work the first time. This may be due to the recent use of hormonal birth control pills, stress, lifestyle changes, etc.

If pregnancy has not occurred after a year, you should consult a gynecologist. Modern medicine cures many cases of both female and male infertility. In extreme cases, you can use the methods of artificial insemination (IVF, ICSI, etc.).

1. Is it true that with frequent sex life, spermatozoa do not have time to form, and the likelihood of conception decreases (option - they become inferior, not fast enough, etc.; the idea is that pregnancy should refrain from frequent sex in order to give time for a sufficient portion of spermatozoa to mature)?

Not true. They succeed. The quality of sperm certainly depends on the time of abstinence, but more on its increase. When planning a pregnancy, you don’t have to abstain at all and adhere to strict rhythms, rules, calendars; you can't do it on a schedule. This is a creative process, it is, first of all, an act of love, and it should be voluntary and when you want, and not when you think you need it. Exceptions are insemination, IVF, rare sex life (business trips, etc.), but it is not in vain that assisted reproductive technologies do not give a high percentage of conception.

2. Examination before pregnancy planning.

- therapist

- dentist

- Vaccination against diphtheria after 16 years - every 10 years. All adults in the family. Protection and passive immunization of the unborn child. 1 month of protection.

- antibodies to rubella and in the absence of immunity - vaccination. 3 months of protection. Re-determination of the antibody titer to make sure that a strong immunity has formed.

– spermogram

– TSH, thyroid antibodies

– blood coagulation (hemostasiogram) + antibodies to phospholipids + lupus anticoagulant + antibodies to hCG

- complete blood count, urine

- antibodies to herpes, CMV, toxoplasmosis - IgM and IgG, with titers. With the exacerbation of these infections, you can not plan.

- measurement of rectal temperature - firstly, in order to understand what to expect most in case of a delay, and secondly, if it does not work out for some time, and you go to the doctor, you will already bring him a huge amount of necessary information. Thirdly, it's easier to calculate favorable days :)

3. Examination after a frozen pregnancy (miscarriage)

- histology of removed tissues (do not expect much, the maximum that can be found is signs of a specific viral infection, for example, herpes)

– spermogram (poor quality may be one of the reasons)

– Ultrasound of the pelvic organs – twice per cycle (before and after menstruation)

– TSH, thyroid antibodies

– blood coagulation (hemostasiogram) + antibodies to phospholipids (lupus anticoagulant)

– blood for RV, HIV, hepatitis B and C

- antibodies to herpes, CMV, toxoplasmosis - IgM and IgG, with titers. Treatment of exacerbations.

- a regular smear on the flora, if necessary - sowing with the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics and antifungal drugs.

- PCR for "hidden infections" - chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, CMV. And on unhidden - streptococcus, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea. Treatment of acute infections together with her husband. The entire cycle of treatment is protection with a condom.

- blood hormones on day 5-7 of the cycle: LH, FSH, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S, testosterone.

– in case of repeated miscarriages – medical genetic counseling

Do not worry if the cause is never found, this is most often the case, many genetic abnormalities and the consequences of natural selection remain unexplained. Therefore, the examination is carried out not to find out the reasons, but simply to find out the situation in the body. search for undertreatment and elimination.

4. Preparation for a planned pregnancy after the examination.

- multivitamins (better for pregnant and lactating).

- daily dose of iodine - 200 mcg. With a lack of iodine in multivitamins, an additional intake of potassium iodide. Iodized salt is an insufficient dose. With insufficient saturation of the mother's body with iodine before pregnancy, during pregnancy, the deficiency does not have time to be replenished. The intellectual level of the child is laid from the earliest stages of development. - in addition to multivitamins, folic acid 2-4 mg per day for both spouses. Regular intake by both parents of therapeutic doses of folic acid for six months dramatically reduces the incidence of malformations of the nervous system in the fetus.

- a gradual decrease in the total time of communication with the computer, rationalization of the working day (regular breaks, refusal to work overtime)

- a healthy lifestyle, nutrition, fresh air.

- while you are protected, or in the first phase of the planning cycle, it would be good to go on a two-week full-fledged vacation - with a change in climate, an airplane and all sorts of loads. Have a rest so that there is a supply of health and strength and there are no regrets that this year the vacation was not successful and now it is not known how much :). Get some rest, because then you won't be able to go anywhere.

5. Do I need to cancel sports, in the gym, in the pool, when you are planning a pregnancy

Don't until you know you're pregnant. Then cancel the exercises on the press, power. The pool can and should be left. You can enroll in special groups for pregnant women for special gymnastics.

6. Pregnancy does not occur for a whole month-two-three-five-seven-nine. Help!

Infertility is the non-occurrence of pregnancy within 13 ovulatory cycles without contraception with regular sexual activity. Not getting pregnant earlier is not a disease, and there is nothing to treat. And there is absolutely nothing to worry about, even if previous pregnancies occurred the first time, even if you think you are many years old, even if all your friends got pregnant, even if everyone tells you that this is not normal. Fine. There is nothing to treat yet. But a woman needs to be examined even outside of pregnancy planning once every six months, so after the expiration of this planning period, you can come for an examination - ultrasound, smear. Measure rectal temperature from the very beginning Where to start planning pregnancy ... so that you have something to come to the doctor with. The only study you can do without waiting a year is a spermogram.

7. What is the normal frequency of sexual activity?

For the soul - as suits both of you. For conception - very much depends on the parameters of the spermogram. Still, optimally - in a day or two. Two or three times a week, which are considered the norm, are very relative - because if they occur only on weekends - then this is irregular sex. There is no need to “save” spermatozoa - the more often they are spent (within reasonable limits), the faster new ones are formed. Reasonable limits are in a day or two. Then the necessary two or three times a week are obtained.

Just don’t make pregnancy planning an end in itself and force the other and yourself to do “this” when you don’t want to, but you need to. This rarely leads to the desired result, and the atmosphere in the family heats up. After all, you are not germ cell donors and live together not for the sake of planning, but for the sake of each other. And you plan the child for the sake of each other, and not as an end in itself.

8. Planning the sex of the child before conception.

Impossible. Only in the IVF and ICSI program - when spermatozoa with a certain set of chromosomes are selected. This is not good from the point of view of natural selection, and should only be used for hereditary diseases linked to sex, when the birth of, for example, a boy is undesirable, since the probability of his disease is much higher than that of girls (hemophilia).

It is possible to find out the sex of a child at a relatively early date - by taking his cells and studying their chromosome set. The cells are taken either from the cord blood (cordocentesis) or from the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus (amniocentesis). These manipulations require the insertion of a needle and the collection of the desired fluid, and are associated with the risk of abortion.

So planning and recognizing the sex before it is visible on the ultrasound is not harmless, and should only be done for medical reasons.

9. Incompatibility by blood type and Rh factor.

If the woman is Rh-negative and the man is Rh-positive, the baby can be either Rh-negative or Rh-positive. Rhesus is a special protein on the surface of human blood cells. If such cells enter the blood of a person who does not have them, he forms antibodies on them that destroy foreign cells. With a short contact of different blood (the first pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman with an Rh-positive fetus, mixing of blood occurs during childbirth), antibodies are formed. but they do not have time to act on the cells of the fetus, because childbirth has already occurred. Antibodies continue to exist in the blood for several years, and during the second pregnancy with a Rh-positive fetus, they are already ready, and when the fetal cells enter the mother's bloodstream, they begin to destroy them. Normally, and during the second and subsequent pregnancies, mixing of blood occurs only during childbirth, and this is not so scary. But unfortunately, in modern conditions, the permeability of the placenta is often increased during pregnancy, and the baby's blood can get to the mother during pregnancy, antibodies have time to form (2 weeks) and act during pregnancy. Therefore, the Rhesus conflict can develop in the first pregnancy. Moreover, it does not matter how the pregnancy ended - childbirth or interruption, the timing and presence of antibodies are important. Blood cells begin to form at week 7, therefore, antibodies may not appear earlier than this period - from this moment it is necessary to check their presence in the blood every month.

Before a planned pregnancy, a Rh-negative woman should check the level of antibodies to the Rh factor in the blood. If they are not, pregnancy is planned, starting from 7 weeks each month, the level of antibodies is determined, if they are not until the end of pregnancy, within 72 hours after the end (any and at any time), it is necessary to inject anti-Rhesus D-immunoglobulin. It prevents the formation of antibodies after mixing the blood at the end of pregnancy. This drug must be purchased during pregnancy and kept in the refrigerator, because it is not known when the pregnancy will end, and neither maternity hospitals nor hospitals may offer to inject immunoglobulin, and you yourself must remind the doctors about this and bring your drug.

If there are antibodies, you can remove them from the blood by plasmapheresis, you can block their synthesis with hormonal drugs, you can wait. They are gradually removed from the blood, the best prevention of the Rh conflict is a long interval between pregnancies.

If a woman is Rh-positive, she cannot have any Rh-conflict, because she herself has a Rh, and antibodies cannot form against it.

Blood groups are also encoded by special proteins on the surface of blood cells. Group 1 (0) means the absence of these proteins - "negative" blood. 2 - group A, protein A. 3 - group B. 4 - group AB. If a woman does not have some protein that her husband has, the child may also have a paternal protein, and a woman negative for this protein may form antibodies and act as if she had an Rh conflict. This situation develops much less frequently than the Rh conflict, but it must also be remembered and the level of antibodies to blood groups also determined from the 7th week of pregnancy.

There can be a conflict if a woman has 1 blood group (0), and a man has 2 (antibodies to protein A), 3 (to protein B), fourth (to both antitags); if women have 2 (A), and men have 3 (B) or 4 (AB) - antibodies to antigen B; if a woman has group 3 (B), and a man has 2 (A) or 4 (AB) antibodies to antigen A.

So there is no incompatibility in terms of the Rh factor and blood types as such, and different Rh does not mean the impossibility of becoming pregnant and bearing a healthy child.

10. The ideal interval between pregnancies - after vaginal delivery and after caesarean section

2 years, after caesarean - 3 years. After termination of pregnancy - 3-6 months.

11. What to do if semen leaks from the vagina?

First, within an hour after intimacy, you need to lie on your back or on your side. The aging time depends on the time of semen liquefaction, this parameter is determined during the analysis of the spermogram, but as a rule it does not happen for more than an hour, therefore this is the maximum period.

Secondly, the whole will not flow out. It seems to you that everything follows. Not all.

Thirdly, during ovulation, when conception is possible, the opening of the cervix is ​​open, and all conditions favor the suction of sperm into the cervical canal. If you follow yourself, you will see. that all the same during ovulation does not follow or not so much.

Of course, there is always a way to fight, for example, insemination can be done by injecting sperm directly into the cervical canal, but this is unnecessary. In fact, this is only a psychological problem, and it does not affect conception at all.

12. Pregnancy does not occur. According to the charts - the absence of ovulation. What should I drink to stimulate ovulation?

First, "does not occur" means more than a year of regular unprotected intercourse. You don't have to drink anything before.

Secondly, the absence of ovulation is more often put on the charts than it really is. For example, it is absolutely not necessary that the temperature of the second phase should be above 37: In general, the graphs need to be analyzed, maybe there is ovulation after all. And the causes of infertility can be quite different. And the first thing to do is to check the spermogram.

Thirdly, if it really does not exist, then it is necessary to deal with the reasons. It is necessary to examine the hormonal status - donate blood on the 5th-7th day of the cycle for hormones: LH, FSH, estradiol, DHEA-S, testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, TSH. It is not the hormone deviation itself that is important, but the fact that this deviation causes anovulation. Those. we are fighting not for the number of the hormone, but for ovulation. And since there can be many reasons for its absence, you can’t “drink” something universal to stimulate it - it won’t help and hurt. For example, clomid (clostilbegit) should not be taken with an insufficient level of estrogen, it will only harm. In general, ovulation stimulation is an unsafe procedure, and it alone is not enough for pregnancy, you still need to support the second phase, you need to monitor the body's response - in general, you need to do all this ONLY under the supervision of your doctor. Otherwise, the risk of harm is greater than the benefit.

It is possible to stimulate ovulation, even if this decision is made, only after being convinced of the patency of the fallopian tubes. Obligatory hysterosalpingography (X-ray) or laparoscopy. Ultrasound check of the patency of the fallopian tubes - a biased study

And in general, an internal specialist is engaged in the treatment of infertility. Everything else is a waste of time and health and can cause irreparable harm.

13. How to conceive twins? Is it true that after the abolition of COCs, the likelihood of conceiving twins increases? Is it true that when ovulation is stimulated with drugs, this probability increases? With insemination? With IVF? Is it true that this ability is inherited?

This ability is indeed inherited in the sense that if there were twins (identical or fraternal) in the family (and it doesn’t matter if you or your husband) had twins, then you are more likely to conceive twins than if you don’t have twins in the family. But there is no categorical rule in this rule. And without a hereditary predisposition, they may be born, and with a hereditary predisposition, they may not be born.

With IVF - yes, several embryos are specially planted in the hope of natural selection. Sometimes a few survive.

With insemination, the probability does not increase, there is simply no reason - insemination is the introduction of processed sperm not into the vagina, but directly into the uterus. The sperm is the same, the eggs are the same, the probability does not increase.

When ovulation is stimulated, it increases slightly, it depends on the doses of the drugs used, and this is known in advance - the ultrasound shows the number of mature eggs and the formed corpus luteum.

After the abolition of COCs, the probability practically does not increase. Sometimes the abolition of COCs in itself is the stimulation of ovulation. But still, you can’t count on it, i.e. the probability does not change as noticeably to the eye as with IVF, for example.

So, you can specifically conceive twins - as well as plan a sex - only with IVF. And there is no full guarantee.

By the way, the formation of twins is not the norm for a person. This is a genetic feature of the maturation of the eggs or the development of the embryo, and therefore it is inherited. And this is some deviation. The human body is still not adapted for the full bearing of two - most often it copes, but there is more risk than with a normal pregnancy. Therefore, to specifically plan twins and tempt fate - and it’s good that it doesn’t work :)

14. What is the best position for conception (if there is a backward bend of the uterus, :) Is it true that you won’t get pregnant with a bend of the uterus

Absolute myth. The bend of the uterus (its deviation backwards) is most often an anatomical feature and in itself does not interfere with either conception or gestation. If you really want to create the appearance of violent planning activity, you can lie on your stomach after intercourse instead of the Birch pose. But no matter how you lie and no matter what you do, the spermatozoa will enter the tube in 90 seconds, regardless of where your uterus is turned.

Another thing is that if earlier the uterus was located differently, its displacement and fixation in the bend, especially during painful examination on the chair, attempts to remove, pain during intercourse in some positions - all this is an indirect sign of the adhesive process in the small pelvis. Sometimes adhesions can interfere with conception, but never the very fact of the uterus bending (retroflexion).

15. What is the best time of the year to plan a pregnancy?

It is better not to plan it for a certain time of the year, month, zodiac sign, etc. To avoid unnecessary disappointments and lessons.

16. How to plan a pregnancy if there is a seasonal allergy (for flowering, etc.)

Understand the medications you are taking, work with a general practitioner or allergist to find medications that you can take during pregnancy, and plan for your health. It will not be possible to guess for certain months so that pregnancy does not fall in the spring, do not even think about it.

17. Beer and pregnancy planning

Of course, when planning, a healthy lifestyle is shown. But this does not mean that it is necessary to deprive the husband of a bottle of beer on the day off for six months. In everything you need to know the measure. The systematic use of beer is alcoholism.

18. How much protection should be taken after taking alcohol, antibiotics, x-rays, etc. - wife / husband

A woman - one cycle, a man ideally - 3 months. After taking large doses of vitamin A (aevit) - a woman up to 6 months.

19. Stop smoking abruptly - is it harmful?

No, not harmful, but very useful. At any age, at any length of service, at any time. Even if you start again later, even if you throw like Mark Twain, every episode of throwing is still useful. It's proven. All the most important things are laid down in a child at the very beginning, when you do not know about pregnancy, it is formed against the initial background that exists in your body during planning, BEFORE pregnancy. Therefore, while you will gradually feel sorry for yourself, reducing one cigarette a day, it will be completely formed against the background of chronic hypoxia and chemical treatment with toxins and carcinogens. If you are a smoker and are thinking about planning, quitting smoking is your first priority before testing for rubella immunity. There is only a psychological dependence on smoking, so abrupt cancellation does not pose any danger to your body.

20. Does the onset of pregnancy depend on orgasm

No way

21. What vaccinations can be done when planning a pregnancy, how much to protect after them

If you are over 26 years old, or if you did not have an injection under the shoulder blade in the last grade of school, the diphtheria vaccine ADSm.

Hepatitis B vaccination is optional but highly recommended. Now it is not only people from the "risk groups" who become infected with it - at the dentist, in the hospital, in the beauty salon - anywhere. The vaccination consists of 3 vaccinations, the second - one month after the first, the third - six months later. Through a cycle after the third it is possible to plan.

From rubella, if there is no immunity by blood. You can plan after the formation of a protective IgG titer and the disappearance of IgM from the blood. as a rule, it is 2-3 cycles after vaccination.

From the flu, if you usually do it, the season matches, your work or family (school-age child) is associated with a high risk of getting sick in an epidemic. It is not necessary to protect yourself after vaccination with an inactivated vaccine, it can be done even during pregnancy.

All vaccinations must be done with imported vaccines.

22. What is better for checking tubal patency - x-ray hysterography (HSG, MSH) or ultrasound (EchoSG)? Is it true that adhesions in the tubes develop from the first, it is painful and uninformative, and the second is painless? On what day of the cycle are they made?

Better x-ray HSG (hysterosalpingography). It is done on the 18-22nd day of a 28-day cycle, soreness depends on your psychological mood and the usual soreness of your menstruation - the sensations correspond to those on the first day of menstruation. They can be reduced with the help of preparation: a week before the no-shpu procedure, 3 tablets per day, valerian and bromcamphor, on the day of the procedure - an injection of baralgin. Basically, this is not done for pain relief itself, because the sensations are tolerable, but to relieve spasm from the fallopian tubes, so as not to get a false negative result when, due to spasm, the tubes seem to be impassable. The best prevention of spasm is the absence of fear in you.

Adhesions from HSG do not develop, it does not give inflammatory complications if done correctly! Before the procedure, a smear is taken for the flora. And in the presence of an inflammatory process, it is not done because of the danger of introducing an ascending infection - from the vagina to the uterus.

EchoSG - the introduction of fluid into the uterus and ultrasound, fixing the presence of this (?) Fluid in the abdominal cavity - i.e. released through the pipes. At the same time, the very process of the passage of fluid through the pipes on ultrasound is not visible, just as the shape of the tube and uterus, the lumen, the difficulties of passing, obstructed patency, from which tube the fluid went, how it was distributed in the small pelvis, are there any adhesions - everything that is visible on the HSG, after filling all open cavities with contrast.