SP on packing bulk what documents are needed. Packing materials: polyethylene, polypropylene films. Handmade soap

Packing and packaging of bulk products, with the right organization of work processes and selection of equipment, can turn into a profitable business. To achieve these goals, several components are needed - an idea, equipment, premises, products and a sales market. If each entrepreneur must deal with sales on his own, then in terms of choosing equipment and products, we will give some advice.

Before you buy a packaging machine, rent a room and choose products for packaging, you need to decide which way you want to develop your business.

1. Packing and packing services. This path provides that you provide your product packaging services to third-party companies, farms. If you have high-quality equipment, it will not be difficult to find customers. This type of business involves the purchase of equipment and containers for packaging, packaging.
2. Own production. Your task is to purchase a machine for packaging, packaging, containers and the products themselves. The idea of ​​the business is to own a warehouse that accepts unpackaged products and sells them to consumers already in packaged form.

The decision is up to you. But be sure to base it on a detailed analysis of the market, marketability and your own financial capabilities.

Products

Devices for packing, packaging of bulk goods are presented in a wide range. This allows you to purchase a machine designed for a specific type of bulk goods or universal models.

In addition to bulk food products, the packaging machine can work with building materials, medical raw materials, etc. The difference lies only in the containers used and the equipment used.

We can give the following classification of bulk products that require packing and packaging:

• Powdered. This includes flour, soda, building mixtures, coffee, cocoa, etc.;
• Fine-grained. These are legumes, rice, sugar, salt;
• Coarse-grained. These include coffee beans, dried fruits, seeds;
• tablet products. These are medical products.

The best solution is to buy an automatic machine, which is distinguished by its functionality. Universal aggregates allow packaging of different products. To change the modes, it is enough to enter some settings, replace the actuators, which are disassembled according to the principle of the designer.

Packing methods

Packing of various bulk products can be carried out in two ways.

1. Manually. Financially, this solution is considered less expensive, since packaging equipment is not required. But productivity is much less. It is problematic to manually pack large products or bulk bags, other containers. If we consider hand-packing as a small home business, it has a right to exist. To open a full-fledged production, it is better to automate the stages of packaging. Don't forget, manual labor costs money to pay wages. The machine pays for itself over time and works only for profit.
2. Automatically. The filling machine is an equipment that replaces human manual labor. To establish production, it is enough to purchase a specialized machine. The machine independently performs all stages, from cleaning to sticking labels on packed bags, boxes with products.

Some enterprises use two methods, which allows them to expand the range of services provided, automate the filling of the same type of containers, and manually pack individual orders.

Tara

An important moment in the organization of packaging production is the container into which the machine will load bulk products. It is necessary to make a choice of containers before the equipment itself is purchased. This is due to the fact that each machine is designed to work with certain containers, and some products have increased requirements for containers.

Packaging must meet the following requirements:

• Affordable price;
• Good quality;
• High reliability to withstand the load of products;
• Convenience for transportation;
• Attractive appearance.

Automated lines for packaging use all kinds of containers. The main ones include:

• Corrugated boxes;
• Glass and tin cans;
• Sachet;
• Paper containers;
• Packages, etc.

Equipment

When you have decided on the products and containers for loading bulk products, you can proceed to the choice of the loading and packaging equipment itself.

For start-up entrepreneurs, the objectively best solution would be to purchase a multifunctional machine capable of loading various types of products into containers.

The equipment includes several separate machines, when combined, you get an automated or semi-automated production line. Such units can either consist of individual machines, the purchase of which saves some organization of the line, or represent a single line from one manufacturer. The second option initially requires more financial investments, but over time it justifies itself.

There is a minimum set of equipment that allows you to organize a packaging line:

• Device for peeling products;
• Grinding units;
• sifting nodes;
• Aspirators. They clean products from impurities;
• Weight dispensers;
• Thermal packaging plant;
• Sealing machine;
• Node for sticking labels.

Stages of the packaging process

1. Cleaning. If these are cereals, legumes, they are first cleaned of impurities, and illiquid grains are removed.
2. If the line is intended for packing buckwheat, oats, corn, peas, hydrothermal treatment will be an obligatory stage of packaging. It provides for steaming, drying and cooling products. This allows you to improve the condition of the film of grains, make them softer, extend the shelf life, and increase nutritional properties.
3. Peeling. If there are indigestible components on the product kernels, they must be removed.
4. Polishing, grinding. These are mandatory packaging steps for products such as peas, barley, rice and wheat. These operations help improve taste and reduce the time required to cook cereals.
5. Cleaning and sorting. Impurities are removed, products are distributed in accordance with dimensional characteristics.
6. Package. Depending on the products and volumes of goods, it can be distributed into packages, bags, boxes ranging from several grams to tens of kilograms. Special dispensers measure the volume or weight of the product, loading it into containers in the required portions. This eliminates the need to manually weigh each batch before shipping it to the container.

Each type of product during packaging, having gone through all the stages of processing to direct packaging, has a certain percentage of output. This is an indicator that fully meets the criteria for the quality of the product in relation to the volume of raw materials that was used at the first stage of packaging.

Peas have the largest output percentage - it is 73 percent. Barley and corn have a minimum output percentage of 40 percent. On average, this figure is 60-68 percent.

I propose to your court the idea of ​​​​a business that some can call home, others can not.

Home business is a loose concept. For some, this is a business with investments up to $1000, for others it is much more.

The proposed idea can fit into the amount that an ordinary person allocates for the purchase of a domestic car. Some will say: “What an idea this is, packaging has been used for a long time.” The answer is: in the presented format - no. Yes, and for the site is a new discussed idea.

Walking through the shops, kiosks, we everywhere see that any product that is sold by weight is packed. Packed either by the store or purchased at the bases.

In large markets, there are workshops, departments where many people are engaged in weighing and packaging. Sugar, cereals, sweets, marshmallows, etc. are packaged both in stores and at large packaging bases.

In stores, packaging is not productive, aunts sit at electronic scales, weigh sweets on electronic scales that have a printer for printing a check, pour them onto substrates, put in a check, and wrap them in cling film. The productivity is sufficient for one store, but not for everyone, smaller stores do not have the luxury of having people for this work.

Large commercial packaging bases have everything: both space and packaging equipment, but they lose with the assortment. Wholesale bases, as a rule, do not have their own packaging lines and sell bags of sugar, cereals, boxes of sweets in the old fashioned way ...

Entrepreneurs do not have opportunities for small packaging

Small shops, and especially kiosks, do not have the opportunity to purchase the entire range of goods due to the lack of small packages, while kioskers working on small items do not have scales at all and cannot be engaged in packaging, they are not approached for products expressed in kilogram purchases, although, going home from work, the buyer would be happy to buy 300 g of sugar, 200 g of cereals or something else. However, each individual entrepreneur - the owner of a kiosk, a small shop - would like to attract as many people as possible to his point.

This is where we can find our niche. Engage in packaging and packaging of food products at home at the request of entrepreneurs or for sale in small wholesale.

There are two packaging methods. One has already been described above - manually and unproductive, but less expensive and at first quite acceptable for developing connections, sales experience, establishing contacts with wholesalers of bulk products, and, well, obtaining initial capital to switch to a more productive type of work.

And this is the organization of an automatic packaging workshop, with automatic machines capable of simultaneously packing and packing according to a given weight. Pleasure is not cheap. So a semi-automatic packaging machine (with constant heating, a height of 2300 and a width of 750) costs about 120,000 rubles, but the packing / packaging speed is 20 bags per minute! And this is for a change of about 9,000 packages or 270,000 per month! Service by one worker. He can pack anything: seeds, crackers, cereals, sugar, salt, tea, nuts, coffee beans, cookies, gingerbread, short cut pasta (horns, shells, noodles), etc. We pack one half a day, another half a day, but at least change the assortment every hour!

Yes, it is expensive, BUT with normal sales to wholesale depots or to a developed network of kiosks and shops, with an extra charge for each bag even 1 (one) ruble above the wholesale price we purchased, we have a profit equal to the number of packaged bags per month. Maximum 270,000 rubles per month! Is it really a bad home business?

But you need to reach this level only after the stage of manual packaging at home and not earlier. Perhaps you simply cannot organize a normal sale, then it will not be so insulting for the money spent on electronic scales, tables and rent. While it's unlikely you'll have zero profits, kiosks tend to run out of packaged goods. Yes, you need to run around, talk to each entrepreneur, carefully offer a deferred payment or hand it over for sale at first, naturally, in this case, the individual entrepreneur will have less profit.

Now a few practical tips for choosing packaging:
1) "Standing" packaging is better than "lying". In stores, when the buyer takes it, the same one will be visible behind it, and as a rule, when the packages are lying, the buyer no longer sees the product.
2) The smaller you pack, the greater the profit.
3) The cardboard box itself is perceived by the consumer as a more expensive product.

P.S. 1. The most vulnerable spot of any packer is underweight. It is better not to engage in deliberate underweight. Fines from Rospotrebnadzor will not slow down. But the fact is that, say, cereal tends to absorb moisture or dry out depending on the humidity in the store. So 1.5-2% of the weight can “walk”. It's better to overbalance a bit.

2. When dealing with products, it will also be necessary for each worker to have a medical book and coordinate his packing area with the SES.

3. At present, the government has turned to the farmers, on this wave it is possible to reach farmers and peasant farms. They have a marketing problem. In the form in which the product is taken out of the fields or obtained during processing, stores do not take it, they do not have their own packaging lines, and this is where you can offer your services.

An enterprise that does not produce anything on its own, still has the opportunity to earn. To do this, it is enough just to pack ready-made products, which can bring considerable income. Prepackaged goods can be sold much more expensive than bulk goods, and knowing the most profitable types of product packaging, you can create a business with minimal initial investment and the shortest payback period.

How to start a food packaging business

Before starting the preparatory work, you should consider the very specifics of the future enterprise. There are two options for its operation:

1. Economical - in this case, a conventional semi-automatic device for packing products is purchased, which can work with only one type of product (for example, bulk products)
2. Full-scale - involves the creation of a packaging workshop, in which you can both process products (for example, dry them, fry them, wash them, etc.), and place them in a certain container, and the equipment will work with different types of goods

The first option will require minimal costs, the second will be more expensive. However, both of them can be implemented only after the creation of the enterprise (IP is the best option) and passing all the formalities. At the first stage, the entrepreneur will need to get a “go-ahead” to work in the tax authority, as well as find suppliers of products that will be subsequently packaged. The selected types of product packaging will also depend on their list, so the sooner a businessman can decide on the list of products and negotiate with its suppliers, the sooner he will be able to choose the appropriate work technologies and start choosing equipment. The best options for work are various bulk products (cereals, groceries), as well as a variety of dry snacks, nuts, seeds, etc. However, a successful business can be built with any type of product if you know how to work with it and what equipment will work best for it.

When it is purchased, it will be necessary to obtain a number of permits, the presence of which will allow you to earn money on the package without paying fines for illegal work. The main documents are:

• hygiene certificate for the product itself (it can be provided by the manufacturer)
• certificate of the local Center for Standardization and Metrology - this authority will check whether the selected equipment complies with OSTs and GOSTs
• official certificate for the packaging itself - it confirms that the selected types of product packaging are suitable for packaging food products (this document must be provided by the supplier of packaging materials)
• a license for the sale of these products in packaging - it is issued by the local district administration after the conclusion of the SES (it will also need to be obtained)

The collected package of documents is a guarantee that the business will be completely legal and meet all the requirements.

What are the initial costs and how much can you earn on packaging?

Even if the entrepreneur has chosen an economical option of work, he will still have certain expenses, and the main one among them is the cost of the premises. It must have an area of ​​at least 100 sq. m: 15-20 sq. m - for the production workshop, 40-60 sq. m - for the warehouse of raw materials and finished products, the rest - under the sanitary zone and workplaces of employees. Renting such a room can cost from 50 thousand rubles a month.

In addition, the product packaging business will require the following expenses:

• 120 thousand rubles - for a new semi-automatic machine for packaging products (this is a budget option, and more expensive models may cost more)
• about 150 thousand - for the purchase of containers for product packaging (for example, a batch of packaging film with a logo and product data printed on it can cost so much - it will be unprofitable for manufacturers to sell cheaper options)
• 300-400 thousand - for the purchase of products for packaging (it is advisable to immediately purchase larger lots, which will be much more profitable, but before making a purchase, you should make sure that the products will really be in demand)
• from 30-35 thousand rubles - salary for one employee (at least two packers must work at the enterprise so that they can replace each other, but the best option is 5-6 employees)
• 2-3 thousand - monthly electricity costs

As for profit, at first it will be possible to earn 100-200 thousand rubles a month, but after six months of work, incomes can reach 500-600 thousand or more. It all depends on what products are offered and what types of product packaging are chosen by the entrepreneur. With a successful organization of work, it will be possible to recoup the costs already in the first six months of work, after which it is possible to build up the potential and increase the quantity of goods, expanding both the assortment and the target audience of the enterprise.

Even ten or fifteen years ago, not much attention was paid to the quality of product packaging. But in modern conditions, with increasing competition, beautiful and environmentally friendly product packaging is of great importance, especially when it comes to food products.



In the past few years, many manufacturers have begun to register packaging divisions as subsidiaries. This is due to the fact that products of other brands can be packed at the same capacities. And this trend suggests that the packaging business is a profitable and promising direction. And it will remain so for a long time.

The essence of the packaging business
In most cases, the packaging business involves a scheme in which the owners of the business buy in bulk small pieces or bulk food products, and then package and sell them under their own brand. It can be cereals, sugar, flour, dried fruits, nuts, seeds, etc.

There are several options for the development of such a sector, and a specific direction can be chosen based on the available financial opportunities.

The simplest (and economical) format is the installation of a single semi-automatic device, which is used for packaging. This option is suitable for entrepreneurs who do not have significant start-up capital. The large-scale format implies the organization of a whole filling and packaging workshop, in which, in addition to everything
among other things, food pretreatment equipment will be installed: for example, drying machines, units for washing and roasting nuts, conveyors for moving finished products, etc. Of course, such a project will require serious investments.

What makes a business attractive?
There are two main ways to generate income from this business. In the first case, the enterprise will work on tolling raw materials. That is, an entrepreneur must conclude an agreement with a farmer or agricultural enterprise, according to which he will provide packaging and packaging services for the finished product provided to him. The product will be produced under the trademark of the packaging company, but in this case, the income is the amount fixed in the contract (it is usually set per unit of product).

At the same time, the entrepreneur does not need to invest in the purchase of large consignments of goods, nor cares about its sale.

The second option is to work on raw materials, which were purchased for their own funds at wholesale prices. In this case, the entrepreneur can dispose of the products at his own discretion and sell them wholesale or retail at any price he sets. In this case, the profit of the business owner will be greater, but the costs are higher here, and the level of risk will also be greater.

What do you need to start a packaging business?
To conduct such a business, it is not necessary to open an LLC, you can register it as an individual entrepreneur. However, in any case, you need to obtain additional documents: a hygiene certificate for a specific product (it can be requested from the manufacturer), a certificate for the packaging itself (film, paper bags), which confirms that this material can be used for food products. This document is also required from the supplier company.

For packaging equipment, you will need to obtain a certificate from the relevant Center for Standardization and Metrology. If your company plans to sell the finished product in the future, then you also need to obtain a license for the right to trade in bulk food products. It is issued by the regional state administration, but only after you receive the appropriate permission from the SES.

Start-up costs for the packaging business
In order to organize a full-fledged packaging and packaging workshop, you will need a production facility. Its area must be at least 100 sq.m. At the same time, the production zone itself will occupy no more than 20% of this room. Everything else is allocated to the warehouse of finished products and raw materials. If your company will work only on a give-and-take scheme, then you can rent a workshop with a smaller area. SES imposes certain requirements on this room. In particular, we are talking about high-quality ventilation. The walls in such a workshop must be painted with water-based paint. Include renovation and rental costs in your business plan!

An important cost item is equipment. A new filling semiautomatic device costs about 120 thousand rubles. In addition, you will need packaging film. It can be made of polyethylene or polypropylene, there are also combinations of them. The minimum cost for a batch of such material with a logo already applied is about
150 thousand rubles.

In general, experts estimate the start-up costs for running such a business at 300 thousand rubles with an economical option and at 1.5 million rubles when launching a large-scale project. At the same time, its profitability ranges from 20-40%, depending on the cost of raw materials and materials, as well as on the scheme by which the enterprise operates.