Foam for laying gas silicate blocks. What is a concrete block made of? Choosing foam concrete correctly - selection criteria

This material entered the domestic construction industry at the end of the last century, being already a well-deservedly recognized material for civil engineering in Europe. On January 1, 1990, GOST 215 20-89 appeared, regulating the production of small wall blocks from cellular concrete.

Thus, the distribution in our country of this masonry material for load-bearing walls, internal partitions was legalized, with the proviso that it is also allowed to carry out exclusive orders at the initiative of the consumer.

What you need to know

Foam block, or lightweight building stone - a product of a technological process during which cement, sand, water and a blowing agent (natural or synthetic) are combined and mixed until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. It is cut or molded and exposed to the open air for hardening: natural or artificial (in an autoclave), which allows increasing the strength of the blocks.

In fact, such production does not need high-tech equipment, specialized workshops and is available to any single handicraftsman or dubious company. Therefore, products that do not comply with GOST or outright marriage often enter the building materials market.

Falsification protection can serve as factory packaging in polyethylene film (to protect against moisture evaporation), on pallets and labeling containing information on density, purpose and permissible errors in size.

Foam block and aerated concrete are not the same thing!

The basis of aerated concrete blocks also contains sand, cement and water, but unlike foam blocks, lime is added to the mixture, which reacts to a suspension of aluminum powder with the release of hydrogen.

The presence of this gas in the raw mixture creates porous structure of the material. The difference between the internal structure of the foam block and the gas block can be seen with the naked eye and is easy to determine by touch: the latter has a through porosity, which significantly reduces its moisture resistance.

Until fully prepared, aerated concrete must also undergo heat treatment under pressure for 12 hours. Therefore, foam blocks are cheaper, and, consequently, more economical in private housing construction.

Main characteristics

Density- physical quantity, represented by the ratio of mass to volume (area). For foam blocks, it is denoted by the letter D and is included in the brand designation: from D400 to D1100.
The weight. It depends on the density of the material in the foam block at normal humidity, and varies depending on the type and size from 8.5 to 47 kg. Knowing the density of the foam block, you can determine the weight of 1 cubic meter of this product. So, blocks of the D500 brand will weigh 500 kg in 1 cu. meter.
Frost resistance, which is measured by the number of freeze and thaw cycles. For different brands, it is different: from 15 and 35 to 50 and 75 cycles. The highest frost resistance index allows the use of this building material beyond the Arctic Circle.
What are the sizes of foam blocks? Dimensions standard. For a wall block, this is the standard height-depth-length ratio (in cm) - 30x20x60, for a partition block - 30x10x60. The most common sizes blocks:

for load-bearing external walls - 20x40x60;
for load-bearing internal walls - 30x20x60;
for non-bearing walls and partitions - 10x30x60.

Types of foam blocks for building a house

What are foam blocks?

Type of lightweight block can be determined by density:

heat-insulating foam block of the D400 and D500 brands (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.12 W / mºС). It has a weight of 11 to 19 kg. It is used for insulation of internal walls that do not have a bearing function;
structural and heat-insulating foam block of the D600 and D900 brands (thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.14 to 0.29 W / mºС). It has a weight of 23 to 35 kg. It is used for the construction of load-bearing walls of structures of a small number of storeys;
structural foam blocks of the D1000 and D1100 brands (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.36 W / mºС). It has a weight of 39 to 47 kg. It is applied to a laying of bearing walls and the device of overlappings.

Types of foam blocks by manufacturing technology:

the threaded block (cutting the raw mass is made with a steel string) is characterized by an improved indicator of the geometry of the product and the integrity of the edges;
molded block (forms with partitions are used for manufacturing). The decrease in accuracy gives an increase in the efficiency of the product;
reinforced block (polypropylene fiber is added to the composition of the mixture) has increased strength.

Type of foam blocks by appointment:

wall;
partition (semi-block);
non-standard (based on the wishes of the customer).

What foam blocks are better?

It depends on the tasks that the developer solves during construction:

Will the walls be only load-bearing, or will they still have to perform a heat-shielding function?
What composition of the clutch solution will be used? When working with special glue, only threaded blocks should be used.
Who will be laying? To perform this work, 1-2 workers with large-format blocks cannot be managed by them.
Probably a difference in the properties of products of the same brand. Therefore, you need to buy the entire batch of building material from one manufacturer.
The D600 brand is perfect for building a two-story house and will reduce heating costs by 20%.

Why foam blocks are preferable when choosing a material for building a private house

Reliability with the strength of the stone. Not subject to rotting, mold; reduces the bearing load of walls and partitions due to weight.
Low thermal conductivity, which allows you to accumulate heat in the house.
A healthy microclimate that does not suffer from changes in external temperatures, dampness.
Soundproofing protection related to the ability to absorb sound.
Fire safety. It is characterized by the first degree of fire resistance.
The environmental friendliness of the material lies in the absence of toxic substances released into the environment. Supports air exchange. In terms of environmental friendliness, foam blocks are second only to wood.
A wide range of applications: for heat and sound insulation, insulation of technical wells, lightening floor ceilings, partitioning in high-rise buildings.
The ratio of weight and volume with compact packaging facilitates delivery by road and rail.
The durability of the material has been laboratory tested and suggests a limit of 100 years.

It must be foreseen

The construction of foam blocks also has its own, however, not too hopeless limitations:

Violation of the technology of laying a wall of foam blocks can lead to brittleness of the material.
The construction of foam blocks requires external finishing to protect against environmental influences and improve the aesthetics of perception.
The use of foam blocks in multi-storey construction is possible only during the construction of reinforcing belts.

Foam blocks - economy construction material

The most remarkable quality of the foam block is the accelerated pace of construction. A two-story house, constructed from blocks of this type, can be handed over on a turnkey basis in 4-6 months. Where is the most effective use of block technology:

in the construction of small country or country houses;
in the construction of one-story houses in cities and towns;
during the construction of two-story houses on a reinforced foundation;
in the construction of multi-storey buildings with a reinforcing belt.

A well-chosen finish (facing brick, decorative stone, siding) can give a foam block house a very respectable look.

How to calculate the cost of building foam blocks. Prices and dimensions

When buying foam blocks for building a house, they usually proceed from the cost of one product. At the same time, cut, dried by steaming, grades D700 and D800 will be 10-15% more expensive than molded with a density of D600. For your information: the price of structural blocks is higher in comparison with heat-insulating ones.

The cost will be affected not only the brand of products, but also the authority of the manufacturer. Therefore, price fluctuations in the building materials market are quite acceptable:

wall block - from 75 to 120 rubles;
semi-block - from 38 to 49 rubles;
one cubic meter of blocks - from 2100 to 3500 rubles.

Estimated cost foam blocks, dimensions, price per piece of the most popular brands (excluding VAT) can be presented in the following table:

The cost of foam blocks will also depend on the volume of the batch. Many manufacturers reward the buyer with free shipping or placing an order in installments or credit.

The color of the foam block can say a lot about its strength: yellowish - excess sand, and this will reduce the strength of the block; grayish - high-quality condition. By the way, the weight should also be 20-25 kg for the D600 foam block.
Delivering blocks on pallets will seriously complicate your unloading. Refuse.
Find out where the seller stores the products. Stood for a long time in the open do not buy!
Feel free to check the geometry of the blocks, the equal area, the presence of chips on the edges and corners.
If you have to wait with masonry, store the material under a film and a canopy.

Cellular concrete blocks are actively used in individual residential construction.

Those who decide to build a house from aerated concrete, gas silicate blocks or foam blocks care about what to put the blocks on.

In addition to the traditional cement mortar and glue (thin-seam (thin-layer) dry masonry mix), a modern material has appeared - aerosol polyurethane adhesive-foam in cylinders (tubes).

In Europe, adhesive foam is already actively used for the construction of houses from aerated concrete. foam concrete, gas silicate, i.e. for laying blocks of cellular concrete.

The technology is new, and therefore causes mistrust and a lot of controversy. Many people confuse ordinary construction foam and polyurethane-based adhesive foam. Various composition and application.

We do not incline towards application or rejection, but we want to objectively consider foam as an alternative to classic masonry mortars. Let's start with the pros and cons.

Advantages of adhesive foam for aerated concrete blocks

High economy and performance.

Foam consumption for aerated concrete depends on the thickness of the layer and the quality of the surface: 1 bottle of adhesive foam replaces 1.5 bags of cement or 1 bag of dry mix 25 kg. One cylinder is enough for a cube of aerated concrete clack.

High adhesion to mineral substrates (foam and aerated concrete, foam and gas silicate, silicate and ceramic bricks, etc.). Maximum adhesion is achieved after 2 hours (when using glue from a dry mix after 1-1.5 days)

Blocks connected with foam are 30% warmer than cement masonry (due to the minimum thickness of the seam, cold bridges are excluded).

Ability to install at sub-zero temperatures (in winter), up to -10°C

Block Foam Disadvantages

There is no proof of the test of time.

It cannot be used for laying load-bearing walls (although some manufacturers already declare this possibility).

High requirements for the geometry of the blocks (no more than 3 mm per 1 meter of masonry).

High price (leveled by low consumption).

Is it possible to put the gas block on the foam?

Removal of the foam-bonded block The main concern about polyurethane foam adhesive is the ability of the foam adhesive to withstand vertical loads.

Although, blocks glued with foam are almost impossible to break, and if you manage to break it, then not along the seam, but along the structure of the block.

New adhesives in polyurethane-based cans

Manufacturers are ranked in order of popularity (based on reviews).

Adhesive foam for Ceresit CT 115 blocks Ceresit CT 115 (Ceresit CM 115), brand Germany, distributors in Russia, volume 0.85 ml, price 400 rubles / piece

The material was prepared for the site www.moydomik.net

Glue foam for H+H LimFix H+H LimFix blocks, manufacturer Russia, volume 0.75 ml, price 300 rubles/piece

Adhesive foam for aerated concrete TYTAN Professional TYTAN Professional (TVM glue Titanium) "Adhesive for laying aerated concrete and ceramic blocks", manufacturer "Selena Vostok" (Selena), bottle volume 0.75 ml.

Glue-foam Bonolit "Formula Heat" Bonolit Tytan (Bonolit "Formula Heat"), production Staraya Kupavna, volume 0.85 ml, price 380 rubles / bottle

Glue-foam Makroflex Makroflex (Makrofleks Foam-cement building), manufacturer Estonia, volume 0.85 ml, price 300 rubles / piece

Laying hay from foam concrete on glue-foam -

Technology for mounting aerated concrete on foam - instructions

Prior to laying, the foam cylinder must be kept at room temperature for at least 12 hours.

Shake the can well before use, at least 0.5-1 min (shake periodically during operation).

Foam canister provides for the use of a glue gun.

How to properly use a glue gun. Remove the cap and screw on the gun. When screwing on the gun, hold the can with the valve up (which must be closed).

After opening the valve, and until the cylinder is completely empty, the gun must not be screwed on.

During the application of the adhesive-foam, keep the can upside down. The gun nozzle must be directly above the surface (distance 1 cm). The speed is adjusted by the trigger (2 cm), correctly, when the nose (nozzle) of the gun is in the band of glue being applied.

If work is interrupted for more than 15 minutes, clean the nozzle and block the gun.

The first row of blocks (from the foundation) is laid on the cement mortar. All subsequent glue from the balloon.

It is possible to correct the blocks after landing on the adhesive foam only in the first 2-3 minutes, within the horizontal plane no more than +/- 0.5 cm.

The block glued to the foam cannot be torn off, if necessary, then the foam is reapplied (the same rule applies to adjustments - more than half a centimeter).

Adhesive foam is applied in strips 2-3 cm wide along the plane of the block. The distance from the adhesive strip to the edge of the block should be 3-5 cm. The number of strips depends on the width of the block, up to 100 mm - one strip, more - 2-3.

Dried foam can only be removed mechanically, fresh traces can be cleaned with acetone or polyurethane foam cleaner.

Methods for applying foam to blocks of different thicknesses

Conclusion

Foam for gas blocks and foam concrete has many advantages and great prospects, it is possible that in the future, glue in cylinders will replace solutions and mixtures.

http://moydomik.net

Cellular concrete blocks are actively used in individual residential construction. Those who decide to build a house from aerated concrete, gas silicate blocks or foam blocks care about what to put the blocks on.

In addition to the traditional cement mortar and glue (thin-seam (thin-layer) dry masonry mix), a modern material has appeared - aerosol polyurethane adhesive-foam in cylinders (tubes).

In Europe, adhesive foam is already actively used for, foam concrete, gas silicate, i.e., for laying blocks of cellular concrete.

We do not incline towards application or rejection, but we want to objectively consider foam as an alternative to classic masonry mortars. Let's start with the pros and cons.

Advantages of adhesive foam for aerated concrete blocks

High economy and performance.

Foam consumption for aerated concrete depends on the thickness of the layer and the quality of the surface: 1 bottle of adhesive foam replaces 1.5 bags of cement or 1 bag of dry mix 25 kg. One cylinder is enough for a cube of aerated concrete clack.

High adhesion to mineral substrates (foam and aerated concrete, foam and gas silicate, silicate and ceramic bricks, etc.). Maximum adhesion is achieved after 2 hours (when using glue from a dry mix after 1-1.5 days)

Blocks connected with foam are 30% warmer than cement masonry (due to the minimum thickness of the seam, cold bridges are excluded).

Ability to install at sub-zero temperatures (in winter), up to -10°C

Block Foam Disadvantages

There is no proof of the test of time.

It cannot be used for laying load-bearing walls (although some manufacturers already declare this possibility).

High requirements for the geometry of the blocks (no more than 3 mm per 1 meter of masonry).

High price (leveled by low consumption).

Is it possible to put the gas block on the foam?

The main doubt regarding polyurethane foam adhesive is the ability of polyurethane foam adhesive to withstand vertical loads.

Although, blocks glued with foam are almost impossible to break, and if you manage to break it, then not along the seam, but along the structure of the block.

New adhesives in polyurethane-based cans

Manufacturers are ranked in order of popularity (based on reviews).

Ceresit CT 115 (Ceresit SM 115), brand Germany, distributors in Russia, volume 0.85 ml, price 400 rubles/piece

The material was prepared for the site www.site

Н+Н LimFix, manufacturer Russia, volume 0.75 ml, price 300 rubles/piece ml. Bonolit Tytan (Bonolit "Formula Heat"), production Staraya Kupavna, volume 0.85 ml, price 380 rubles / bottle Makroflex (Macroflex Foam-cement building), manufacturer Estonia, volume 0.85 ml, price 300 rubles / piece

Laying hay from foam concrete on glue-foam - video

Technology for mounting aerated concrete on foam - instructions

Prior to laying, the foam cylinder must be kept at room temperature for at least 12 hours.

Shake the can well before use, at least 0.5-1 min (shake periodically during operation).

Foam canister provides for the use of a glue gun.

How to properly use a glue gun. Remove the cap and screw on the gun. When screwing on the gun, hold the can with the valve up (which must be closed).

After opening the valve, and until the cylinder is completely empty, the gun must not be screwed on.

During the application of the adhesive-foam, keep the can upside down. The gun nozzle must be directly above the surface (distance 1 cm). The speed is adjusted by the trigger (2 cm), correctly, when the nose (nozzle) of the gun is in the band of glue being applied.

If work is interrupted for more than 15 minutes, clean the nozzle and block the gun.

The first row of blocks (from the foundation) is laid on the cement mortar. All subsequent glue from the balloon.

It is possible to correct the blocks after landing on the adhesive foam only in the first 2-3 minutes, within the horizontal plane no more than +/- 0.5 cm.

The block glued to the foam cannot be torn off, if necessary, then the foam is reapplied (the same rule applies to adjustments - more than half a centimeter).

Adhesive foam is applied in strips 2-3 cm wide along the plane of the block. The distance from the adhesive strip to the edge of the block should be 3-5 cm. The number of strips depends on the width of the block, up to 100 mm - one strip, more - 2-3.

Dried foam can only be removed mechanically, fresh traces can be cleaned with acetone or polyurethane foam cleaner.

Methods for applying foam to blocks of different thicknesses

Polyurethane adhesive Bonolit "Formula heat"



	Payment upon receipt!		Delivery in 24 hours!
Manufacturer:		Bonolit
Volume:		750 ml
Container type:		Balon

Polyurethane adhesive for aerated concrete Bonolit "Heat Formula" is used for laying structures made of gas silicate, aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks. The advantages of using such an adhesive are that the minimum thickness of the masonry joint is only 2 mm, which can significantly reduce heat loss in the winter compared to conventional M-200 masonry mixtures; M300, where the thickness of the seam is from 0.5 to 1.5 cm.

CHARACTERISTICS

INFORMATION

Today, there is a more modern version of adhesive materials instead of dry ones - polyurethane adhesive for aerated concrete. In Europe, aerosol foam is actively used for the construction of houses from aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete. This is a relatively new technology, so it causes mistrust, a lot of questions. Do not confuse mounting foam and polyurethane adhesive, as they have a completely different composition and are used in various cases.

Polyurethane adhesive for aerated concrete - advantages for masonry

Economy and performance. One bottle of polyurethane glue can replace 1.5 bags of dry mix of 25 kg each, and in m 3, about 1.5 cubic meters of aerated concrete block of the first grade. The consumption of the substance depends on the quality of the surface and the thickness of the seam. The price of a dry mix is on average 200 rubles. and the price of polyurethane glue is 300 rubles;
High adhesion. Maximum adhesion to mineral substrates such as foam, aerated concrete, foam, gas silicate, silicate or ceramic bricks is achieved after two hours. So, using a dry mix, maximum adhesion is achieved after 1-1.5 days;
Blocks connected with glue are warmer than blocks connected with a cement mixture by 30%, since even a seam of minimum thickness excludes cold bridges;
Installation work can be carried out at temperatures down to -10°C.

Polyurethane adhesive - Cons

There is as yet no good quality evidence that has stood the test of time;
It cannot be used for the construction of load-bearing walls, however, some companies are already beginning to declare such a possibility;
The presence of high requirements for the design features of the building material;
High price, which, however, is leveled by a small consumption of the mixture.

Gas block masonry

Manufacturers advise using polyurethane adhesive for the construction of internal self-supporting walls made of aerated concrete or foam blocks. But many, as evidenced by the reviews, use it for laying load-bearing walls, but not more than 2 floors. The main point that raises doubts about the use of glue is the ability to withstand vertical loads. It should be noted that the materials connected by polyurethane adhesive cannot be broken. If it is possible to separate them, then only by breaking along the structure, and not along the seam.

Installation of polyurethane adhesive on aerated concrete

Before starting work, buy polyurethane adhesive and keep it at room temperature for at least twelve hours.

Shake well for about 1 minute before use. It is also necessary to shake the container during work.

It is used in combination with a special tool, in particular a glue gun. To use it, you need to remove the cap, and then wind the bottle. The balloon is held with the valve up (you need to make sure that it is closed).

After opening and until full use, the gun must not be screwed.

When applied, it is held upside down so that the nozzle of the gun is located directly above the surface at a distance of about 1 centimeter. Spray speed can be adjusted with the trigger. You need to work so that the nozzle of the gun is located in the strip of application of the substance.

In the case when work is stopped for more than a quarter of an hour, it is worth cleaning the nozzle and then closing the gun.

It is possible to carry out correction of the material after landing on the glue in a horizontal plane by no more than half a centimeter, and only during the first 2-3 minutes.

It is impossible to tear off a block that is already planted. If this needs to be done, you will have to re-apply a new layer. This also applies to the correction of the planted block by more than half a centimeter.

The solution should be applied in small strips up to three centimeters wide. The number of strips applied depends on the size of the concrete.

After drying, it is removed only by mechanical action.

Summing up

Polyurethane adhesive for aerated concrete, has many advantages and prospects, it is easy to use, so it is quite possible that in the near future it will replace traditional mortars and mixtures, while its price will definitely be lower.

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