How to plan a small garden. Layout of a vegetable garden and orchard: from a drawing to planting crops in examples. How to make the best choice for arranging an orchard

An ordinary garden is an amazing place, a special land plot, which, through the efforts of the owners, turns into an almost inexhaustible source of not only vitamins and fresh vegetables, but also a number of “by-products” - health, well-being and vigor.

According to experienced summer residents, working in your own garden successfully replaces classes in the gym, brings a lot of pleasure and benefits. In addition, vegetables grown on their own plot differ in taste from those bought in a store or on the market, and, of course, for the better.

Spring work on the land begins with an important task - garden planning. It would seem that my plot, what I want, I plant, and the choice is not too great - on a standard six acres, you won’t turn around too much. And yet, the harvest largely depends on the choice of a place for a certain variety of vegetables, so planning a garden should be approached with all responsibility.

What factors should you pay attention to when planning a garden? What vegetables and where is the best place to plant?

Working in the garden is not necessarily hard work and daily chores. Gardening brings a lot of pleasure and benefits

We plan the garden correctly

So, you have already prepared the seeds and even grown seedlings at home. It remains only to decide - where exactly to plant all the plants, choosing the best place on your site for certain types of vegetables. You can start planning a garden in early spring, when the snow has completely melted off the site, and the soil has dried well.

In general, the planning of the site, which is done by a summer resident with many years of gardening experience, looks like this - the owner simply walks along the already equipped paths, leaving sticks and pegs in the ground and muttering to himself: “Here are two beds of pepper”, “And here there will be tomatoes” . In fact, just like that, only many years of experience on the site allow summer residents to plan a garden. Less experienced gardeners should heed the advice of professionals and approach the process of planning vegetable planting in a scientific way.

The ideal vegetable garden looks like this - even rows of green, healthy plants that promise a high yield.

If you first decided to plant a garden on a newly acquired piece of land, then you will have to take into account several main factors:

1. Sides of the world. Experts advise breaking beds for future planting strictly in length from north to south or from northeast to southwest. So planting plants will warm up and be illuminated by the sun's rays during the day as evenly as possible. It has been proven that with this arrangement of beds, plants are less susceptible to fungal diseases. The south, slightly warmer and better lit side should be given to heat-loving crops such as beans, tomatoes and cucumbers, and the north side to cold-resistant ones - radish, turnips and rutabaga. To protect plants from cold winds, it is better to plant dense rows of corn, sunflowers or berry bushes, such as gooseberries or currants, on the north side.

1. Soil composition. If vegetables are planted in this area for the first time, it is necessary to study the composition of the soil. If the soil is clayey, you will need to first add straw manure, sand, compost, soddy soil and mineral fertilizers to the soil. If the soil is sandy, then peat, manure and mineral fertilizers will be ideal additives. In case of increased acidity of the soil, it is necessary to add lime additives - quicklime or slaked lime, as well as wood ash. Of course, all of the above additives can be applied in the fall, but experts call early spring the optimal period for adjusting the composition of the soil - about a month before planting seedlings and seeds.

1. Illumination. To influence the illumination of the site is possible only by cutting down existing trees. Planting seedlings under the lush crowns of apple or pear trees is not recommended categorically. Trees can only grow on the north side of the garden - so they will not cover the plants from the sun's rays and at the same time protect them from the cold wind. If there is a free plot of land on the north side of the house, it is better to plant unpretentious plants there, for example, sorrel or onions, to which excess sun is even harmful. Tomatoes or cucumbers in the shade will definitely wither. It is even better to give such a northern front garden for flowers, since growing vegetables here is quite risky.

1. Site relief. If the site has an uneven terrain, then in the lowland the soil will thaw and dry much longer in the spring than the land on the hills. In addition, in heavy rain, water will stand in such areas. That is, you need to take care of a system of drainage grooves that will help get rid of excess moisture. In such low-lying places, professionals advise planting cabbage and other moisture-loving plants. But, if summer in your region is usually dry and hot, then you can plant both tomatoes and peppers in lowland areas - in this case, you will have to water the seedlings a little less often.

If on the site where it is planned to set up a garden, before that only weeds grew and there was an ordinary lawn, the owners have two options: remove the top layer of soil with weed roots completely, remove it from the site and add peat, rotted manure and, if necessary, to the soil sand; or simply dig up the site and plant potatoes here in the first year. The first option is too time-consuming and expensive, therefore it is not popular with gardeners. In the second case, in the first year, the potato crop will be low, but most of the weeds will disappear and the next season it will be possible to plant any, even the most fastidious vegetables.

When starting to plan a garden for the first time, it is worth considering both the characteristics of the soil and the location of the beds relative to the cardinal points.

Irrigation system

When planning a garden, special attention must be paid to the irrigation system. Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and eggplants in the central regions with fairly dry summers have to be watered regularly - literally every three to four days. Therefore, for vegetables, it is better to choose areas that can be watered without much cost and problems.

The minimum program is that hoses from an outdoor tap should reach the beds. If your plot of land is too large, and the tap is located next to the house, then in remote areas it is better to set up a garden or plant particularly resistant plants that do not need additional watering. In this case, it is better to move the garden closer to the water source.

Remember that experts do not advise watering the beds with water directly from the tap. The best option is water that has already been settled, warmed up in the sun, and even better - collected rain water, or water from a local pond or river. If you want to heed the advice of professionals, you will need to install a large enough container for water next to the beds - rain or regular, from the tap. Even an old cast-iron or steel tub, a capacious, specially ordered metal vat or a large plastic barrel can become such a container. In addition, you will need a water pump that will lower into the tank and provide excellent pressure when watering. You can, of course, water the beds from a watering can, but this is too long a process.

Another great irrigation system option is drip irrigation. If your site already has such a system, then the planting of vegetables will have to be “tied” to the plots already provided with water.

Do not want to spend a lot of time watering vegetables by hand with a watering can or stand for hours in the garden with a hose in hand? Take care of a drip irrigation system that will save both time and money on water bills

Every vegetable has its place.

Have you figured out the cardinal points, lighting and watering? It remains only to find out all the nuances regarding the compatibility of individual varieties of vegetables and their alternation in your garden. Every experienced summer resident knows that if, for example, potatoes grew on this site last year, then this year it is worth planting some other vegetables.

So, all vegetable crops are usually divided into:

1. Demanding, which need a large amount of nutrients. These include cabbage, zucchini, cucumber, pumpkin, tomatoes, peppers, and celery.
2. Medium demanding. Such vegetables need top dressing with fertilizers only once a year, unlike demanding ones, which have to be “fed” both in spring and autumn. These vegetables include: eggplant, onions, potatoes, carrots, beets, radishes, lettuce, kohlrabi, and garlic.
3. Undemanding. Cultures that cost a minimum of nutrients. These are peas, beans, parsley, dill, sage, basil and other seasonings.

To correctly draw up a plan for planting seeds and seedlings, the garden should be divided into four sections:

1. Allocate one for perennials, for example, strawberries and strawberries, which will have to be replanted no more than once every three to four years.
2. The second site is allocated for demanding plants.
3. The third is for medium-demanding crops.
4. And the fourth, of course, for undemanding plants.

A year later, particularly fastidious plants must be planted in the area where undemanding crops grew, medium-demanding plants should be planted in a plot where demanding crops had already been harvested, and undemanding ones, respectively, are sent to the site where medium-demanding cultivated plants grew last year.

This rotation is carried out every year and allows the soil to rest a bit and get a higher yield.

Plants of different levels of nutrient requirements must be alternated with each other when planting a vegetable garden.

In addition, when planning the location of the beds, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of plants. The compatibility of cultures lies in the ability to grow side by side, strengthening, complementing and protecting each other.

So, between the rows of tomatoes, it is quite possible to sow onions, garlic or radishes. An ideal "seal" for carrots or beets will be dill or lettuce. And the rows of potatoes can be combined with the planting of peas, which will be harvested earlier, and will “provide” their roots as an excellent fertilizer for potato tubers.

Experts say that ideal predecessors for cabbage are nightshade, that is, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers or eggplants, as well as cucumbers, legumes or onions.

In turn, cucumber seedlings are best planted in the place where pepper or spinach grew last year. The optimal predecessor for carrots and beets are cucumbers, tomatoes and peas.

Another important point - a different period of ripening and planting of plants allows you to get two crops of different crops on one site. For example, in early spring, you can sow onions for feathers or radishes, and after harvesting, plant gourds or tomatoes on this plot. After the garlic or onion has already been harvested, winter radish or lettuce will feel great in this area.

Plant compatibility is an important factor in garden planning.

Bed sizes

When planning a garden, do not forget about comfortable paths with a width of at least 30-40 centimeters, which will allow you to harvest tomatoes and peppers without harming flowering and fruiting plants.

The optimal width of the beds is 80-100 centimeters. If the bed is wider, it will make it difficult to care for plants and water.

If you lay not just dirt paths between the beds, but real paths made of stone or boards, then you can harvest even on the rainiest day or immediately after heavy watering, without fear of staining your shoes

Also, do not forget that cucumbers grow better, bear fruit and take up much less space if you provide them with a support on which they can curl. In this case, picking cucumbers will be much more convenient. Some varieties of tomatoes, such as tiny, delicious cherry tomatoes, also need support. Therefore, when planning beds with such tall and fragile crops, you need to take care of a fence or trellis on which cucumbers and tall tomato seedlings can rely.

High-growing tomato shoots need support, and cucumbers creeping along the ground will take up too much space. Plant them near the fence, and harvesting a bountiful harvest will be much more pleasant, and most importantly, easier!

And finally, two more important points - firstly, in the garden it is also necessary to leave a place for a compost heap, where you will throw off the remains of shoots and leaves in the fall, which in the future will become an excellent organic fertilizer. The compost heap can be located at the very end of the site, in the shade, that is, in a place that, by its properties, is not suitable for planting useful plants.

Secondly, most likely, you will be building a greenhouse or greenhouse for early vegetables and seedlings. For such a structure, it is also necessary to allocate a suitable place in the sun.

Approach the garden planning thoughtfully and seriously, try to place crops with good compatibility nearby, rotate different families of vegetables in the same area, try to plant both early and late varieties of vegetables in the same bed to get two crops a year - and even a small the vegetable garden will provide your whole family with fresh herbs during the warm season, and in the fall the pantry will be filled with jars with preservation of your own production.

The Earth for us is a natural wealth that fed our grandfathers and parents. Today, only a small percentage of people manage to interact with it directly - coming to summer cottages a couple of tens of kilometers away, living in rural settlements or their own private house within the city. All these options often converge on one thing - cultivation work, weed removal, planting of cultivated plants and (or) ... Sometimes, all these things are carried out on the "weekend", after working working days. But, after all, you also need to relax, go out to the summer terrace or just stand on the edge of the garden and contemplate how you were able to properly plan the garden on your site.

Of course, while the endless expanses of the snow cover are in front of you, you don’t really “plan”, but you have a warm blanket, a cozy chair, you have brewed delicious tea for yourself and you can start to decide from a theoretical point of view how you want to plan the garden.

If you decide, you can give each square meter of land such a look that cultivated plants will give up to 15% -20% more yield, the flowers will be slimmer, and the eye will only rejoice

Based on this, we offer you the following theses, which We will reveal during our “journey” in planning a “workspace”:

• We decide on the landing plan;
• We form the correct dimensions and position of the beds;
• Alternation of cultures - what is it and what is eaten with;
• Combined landing;
• Crop rotation and many other "topical" issues and their solutions.

Soil in the garden

We are sure that you, as an experienced person in terms of the annual choice of crops grown on your site, know that in order to plan them, you need to know which soil in the garden is more suitable for a particular variety or variety. And if earlier this was done “by eye”, now it is necessary to correctly determine the soil composition, which means that it is imperative to find out acidity (pH).

This is quite simple to do - take samples taken in the garden to a special laboratory. Be sure, for a more accurate composition, you need to take several samples from different parts of it. If you do not want to wait a long time, pay, or are just interested, and Can this test be done at home?, we answer - albeit not so accurate, but possible. To do this, take the same “samples”, mix them thoroughly to get a literally homogeneous mass and pour some into a jar or other container. Next, pour some vinegar and see the result. There will be 2 of them, and each will point to its designation:

• On a soil sample, when in contact with vinegar, bubbles appear, which will mean neutral pH;
• The vinegar will soak into the ground with no visible reaction, which will determine acidic pH soil.

Let's say right away that this is not the most accurate analysis, but it allows you to quickly and more clearly highlight this important issue.

Planning rules or how to plan a garden

In addition to the composition of the soil, plan a site the competent arrangement of those several beds that you are already “sorting out” in your imagination will help. Here are some rules to help you with this:

• The best option for the location of the garden is a flat area. In cases where the site is on a slope, choose the southern or southeastern part;
• Be sure to resolve the issue with. Innovation or automation is not important here - it's your choice. Both large and small gardens love the availability of water, which will be more convenient for you;
• We define the soil. Chernozem is best suited to plan a garden and get a rich harvest. But if heavy clay predominates in the soil, you will have to ennoble it and bring peat, sand, or black soil itself to the site;
• If you have not yet decided how to make beds correctly and where to start, start by laying out the site at a distance from the trees. They will not create a shadow, and at any time the ground will be warmed up by the sun's rays.

• From south to north beds are located if the site you own is in a lowland. Often, the earth is constantly damp, which means that it needs to be warmed up by the sun;
• West to East, beds are planned in case of dry soil. The aisles will be under the shade of the plants, which will retain moisture;
• With ground slope, it is better to break the beds across;
• South side suitable for planning a garden, and northern- a garden, if the site is not initially flat.

We create a landing plan

We agree that planning a garden is a painstaking work that will take a single day, but without it you will not make rich harvests, and this place will not become your rest.

The first thing to start with - Draw a plan of "possessions" on paper

The drawing should contain the most complete information: shape and size, information about the acidity of the soil, its orientation. Next, break the site into zones - a garden, a vegetable garden, a residential and economic zone. It will be great if you observe, and bring in, the magnitude of the shadow from buildings, trees. Now, in order to more clearly plan the garden, we make its “model”. To do this, cut out strips of paper and write the name of the plants you will be planting, as well as important fixtures such as watering centers,. Place them, "play" and find the right combination. For those who think that these steps “can be omitted”, let’s say that it’s better to prepare on paper than to find the right places in the garden itself in the spring. When all forms and places are determined, you can think about the varieties and varieties of crops that are needed in the garden.

Correct beds

If there are no proper beds in the garden, then rest will not work - everything will be painstaking work. Therefore, we will pay attention to the beds in order to correctly plan the garden.

• Lowering or lifting

There are several positions of the beds: deepened, raised, level with the ground. The level is determined by the availability of watering every day, natural conditions. For example, if you cannot water your beds every day, then it is better to deepen them, and vice versa.

• Dimensions

Forms can be completely different, the most important thing is easy access. If the length can be any, then the width for easy access should not be more than 1 meter. Optimum width - from 60 cm. Size design - according to your desire (brick, slate, etc. or not to design).

• Crop rotation for your crops

This is one of the most important issues that must be addressed not only in order to plan the garden, but also to get a rich harvest. The sequence of "returning to the same place" is about 4 years. Therefore, we advise you to divide the entire area into 4 sections, and follow all the necessary sequences, according to the crop rotation tables.

• Combined planting crops

Here, in order to correctly plan the site, it is worth knowing which cultures cannot get along side by side, and which ones will even help to grow, forming a “community”. For example, beans and, among agronomists, are called "Three Sisters" because their growth rates are perfectly matched. But, it is worth knowing that not all plants are so “friendly”. Dill and a knowledgeable person will never plant nearby. The same applies to beans and. In order to understand exactly which cultures help, and which ones “scam” each other, see the TABLE:

Culture compatibility table

Interesting tip: garlic can not only help a person to strengthen the immune system, but also allow you to take care of the "immune system" of plants. So, they will be much less sick. To do this, make a healthy infusion according to the recipe: cut 5 garlic cloves and pour boiling water over them (1 liter), and then close the lid and let it infuse for about 20 minutes. Immediately after this, in order to prevent any diseases, it is possible to water indoor and garden plants with this infusion.

Planning and planting a garden in 6 acres

Planning a large garden is quite simple, because of the good dimensions. But here on 6 acres you can’t really clear up. But this is not a problem, especially if you take into account a few nuances:

• Garage position;

Do not arrange a garage in the depths of the cottage (house), because it will be necessary to allocate a road (entrance) for the car.

• The garden on the south side will cover the vegetable garden with shade for most of the day;
• Installation of the brazier is best done from the windward side;
• The non-standard shape of the flower beds will allow not only to plan the garden, but also visually expand it;
• A mini-garden located in the barbecue area or gazebos will decorate the perimeter and save space;

To do this, the block is knocked down from the boards, earth is poured and flowers or crops are planted. The bed can be fenced with wattle to limit the beds.

• Drainage systems in the lowlands are simply irreplaceable;

If your site is located on a slope, then the lower part will always contain excess moisture. It is the drainage systems, disguised as special terraces, that will visually and actually make the use of the site more convenient.

These tips will serve as a good lesson, both in planning a simple garden of small sizes, and large plots.

So, adhering to the above measures, you can make the right garden right from a piece of paper this spring, which will bear fruit to your delight.

We wish you to relax on your personal plot and not to believe people who say that work in the countryside turns into torture. Turn your site into a fairy tale right now.

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A dacha is not just a plot for growing and harvesting. For many, this is a favorite place to relax and implement ideas for. Often the method of planting vegetable crops is relegated to the background, but this is not correct, because the appearance of the entire landscape largely depends on their interesting location and attractive appearance. This article tells you the easiest way to make beds for the lazy at the dacha. Photos and descriptions of the most successful ideas, as well as ways to implement them, should help make your site comfortable and well-groomed.

Tall structures made of boards for planting crops will be the highlight of any site

A garden bed is most often a fenced plot of land intended for growing a certain type of plant.

• Slate.

Usually this material is used only if it is available (for example, left after the repair of the roof).

• Plastic.

The main feature of plastic is that it can be given any shape, so it is great for round or other curved fit options. In addition, it is not affected by precipitation and low temperatures, so it will last a long time without losing its original attractiveness.

An expensive and durable option.

• A natural stone.

It produces the most spectacular bumpers that will serve for many years. Unlike bricks, stones have an irregular shape, which will allow you to make landscape design in an eco-style. Disadvantages of stone ledges: high cost and gradual sinking into the soil under the influence of its own weight, so such a ledge must be periodically checked and corrected.

Qualitatively made with your own hands from improvised materials will serve for many years, but for a good harvest, its correct location is also necessary.

Placing beds in the garden: how to arrange, photos, tips

The quality and quantity of the crop depends on the proper location of the beds in the summer cottage, so this issue should be given special attention. First of all, you need to know the following:

• Beds located on the cardinal points (from north to south) are a good solution only for low plants on a flat horizontal area.
• If the site has a slope that cannot be leveled, the beds should be across it regardless of orientation.
• It is desirable to make rows of one plant of the same size. This will make it easier to calculate the amount of fertilizer, the degree of irrigation and planting.
• If the site has multidirectional slopes, choose the south side (the crop will ripen faster on it).

In small areas, there is often a lack of free horizontal areas for planting. If this is your case, try one of the following ideas:

• Create vertical designs.

• Use unused items for planting plants (for example, a wheelbarrow, a barrel, and so on).
• Attach the bed to the recreation area.

How best to make beds in the garden - options

The beds are classified according to design features, while the following types are distinguished:

• Traditional (flush with the rest of the site, dimensions make it easy to reach the center from any side (right or left)).

• High (30-40 cm above ground level, contribute to the most rapid ripening of the crop).

• Deep (during the device, a trench is dug 20-30 cm deep, due to which the earth most often does not freeze through, and the landing can be carried out earlier).
• Narrow (for example, according to the Mittlider method, described in detail in the next chapter).
• Vertical (an excellent solution for small areas, but not all plants can be planted in this way).

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How to make beds from boards with your own hands

Now let's look at how to properly make beds in a garden made of wood. This material is the most common when arranging beds. Board structures have the following advantages:

• Reliability.

The tree perfectly retains moisture inside the row, and also does not deform for a long time.

• Low cost.

This material often remains after construction. If it was not there, you can buy boards at a fairly low price.

• Ease of installation.

The main thing is high-quality wood processing, if this is not done, insects and moisture will quickly destroy the structure.

• Attractive appearance.

Wood is a material ideal for eco-style beds.

The only drawback of board structures is their fragility (in comparison, for example, with plastic or brick). However, the ability to change them quickly and at the lowest cost more than covers it.

How to make a bed of boards with your own hands: photos, dimensions, installation sequence

If you decide to make a wooden structure, first of all you need to choose the type of wood:

• Oak or ash- hardwoods, the boards of which are perfect in this case, but their price is quite high.
• Pine- cheap, but short-lived. You can extend the life of such a fence with the help of periodic chemical treatment.
• Cedar or larch– the best price-quality ratio. Due to the presence of resin in these conifers, there is no need to process them.
• Acacia- also a great option for arranging beds.

What are the optimal sizes of the beds from the boards? First you need to decide on the height of the structure, which depends on the following factors:

• Features of the planted culture.

Some vegetables require a certain depth (for example, for potatoes, the planting depth must be at least 40 cm).

• Soil fertility.

If the soil is fertile, the sides can be made 10-15 cm high. If fertile soil is required to be backfilled, 30 cm or more.

• Bed type.

For example, for warm temperatures, a height of 50 cm or more is typical.

The length of the row can be any, but it is not recommended to make it too long for two reasons: it will be an obstacle to moving around the garden, the wooden structure will have to be further strengthened with oblique or vertical pegs.

The most important parameter when arranging beds in the country is their width, since ease of use largely depends on it. If you make it too wide, it will be problematic to reach its center. Therefore, the maximum value of the width is considered to be 100 cm.

In most cases (if the planned design does not have a too complex shape), it will not be difficult to make a bed of boards with your own hands. The size of the boards depends on the size of the future beds, however, if you only have material of insufficient length at your disposal, it does not matter, several boards can always be spliced ​​in length.

The procedure for the construction of a wooden structure:

• Territory preparation.

At this stage, it is necessary to level and dig the site for the structure.

For a rectangular structure, it is necessary to connect 4 boards and attach support bars to them, which should be 20-30 cm longer than future sides. They need to be slightly sharpened with an ax from the free side (to simplify entry into the ground).

• Construction installation.

We hammer the structure into the ground, while it is important to use the level to achieve maximum evenness of the structure.

• Surface treatment of boards.

First of all, the surface is primed (to protect against moisture and pests), then covered with oil paint (optional, you can leave the color of the tree).

• Backfill.

The composition depends on the type of construction and the selected culture. But in all cases, the first layer should be drainage.

Most often, they try to plant only one crop in one area, but sometimes they practice joint planting of vegetables in the garden. However, it is worth remembering that not all plants get along with each other. Therefore, the following is a table of compatibility of vegetables in the beds.

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Interesting ideas come to mind for many summer residents and owners of private houses. In the article, we will consider original photo examples and several instructions for creating such beauty.

Mixed planting of vegetables in the garden: examples, photos

More and more summer residents are interested in obtaining not only a large harvest, but also an environmentally friendly one. Therefore, the question arises, how to achieve a quality crop without resorting to chemicals?

An excellent solution is a mixed planting of vegetables. After all, some cultures have a beneficial effect on each other. However, in this matter it is worth being extremely careful, since not all plants like any kind of neighborhood at all.

Thanks to the science of "allelopathy", a table of the neighborhood of vegetables in the garden has been compiled, using which you can significantly reduce the use of chemicals for pest control and fertilizer.

Neighborhood of vegetables in the beds - compatibility table

The table below reflects the compatibility of vegetables in the garden. Planting using this information will provide a quality crop with a minimum investment.

Mixed planting vegetables in the garden: examples with photos and tips

Each benevolent or unfriendly neighborhood of vegetables in the garden has its own rationale. For example, strawberries and onions are great neighbors. Onions protect the berry from rot and disease, and if parsley is also planted nearby, it eliminates the appearance of slugs.

Onions are also a great companion for most garden crops, as they keep pests away. The most interesting neighborhood of this plant is with carrots. Both cultures have their own pest - the onion and carrot fly, and the first one cannot stand the smell of carrots, and the second - onions.

Garlic is excellent for pest control, making it a good companion for most crops. However, it is not recommended to plant it next to plants of the legume family, since the latter are leaders in the intake of nutrients, and garlic needs quite a lot of them.

Joint cultivation of crops in the garden can be detrimental to other vegetables. For example, tomatoes should not be planted with cucumbers, as they require varying degrees of watering. Thus, the proximity of these two crops will create difficulties in processing (there will be a need for spot irrigation, which will take much more time and effort).

In addition to the properties of plants, it is necessary to pay attention to their size. For example, when alternating cabbage and radish, the second crop will receive insufficient sunlight, causing the quality of the crop to deteriorate significantly.

So, you have developed an ideal layout for all the vegetables in your summer cottage, but every year the harvest is getting worse. What to do? It is necessary to ensure crop rotation.

Table of crop rotation of vegetables in the beds

Crop rotation is the organization of crop rotation in the garden. Ideally, this process should be continuous and annual. However, in real conditions, this is very difficult to achieve for the following reasons:

• There is not enough information about the contamination of the soil and the presence of pests in it.
• There is no time for precise calculations of the ideal landing option.

Why is crop rotation essential for a good harvest? Each crop has unique characteristics in terms of obtaining nutrients. Someone is looking for them in the surface layers of the soil (for example, a cucumber), someone, in search of water, lowers the roots several meters deep (for example, a watermelon). In addition, the growth of each plant requires (to a greater extent) different elements (for example, for a tomato - phosphorus, for cabbage - nitrogen).

Now imagine that from year to year a certain layer of soil is depleted, and the content of precisely those substances that are necessary for this crop decreases.To make it easier for you to decide how to rotate vegetables, below is a table of vegetable crop rotation in the garden.

Important! The main thing is that the culture does not return to its original place within 3-4 years. During this time, the soil will have time to recover and accumulate the necessary amount of nutrients.

How to make a garden bed for cucumbers in the open field: photos, methods

Cucumbers are a rather capricious crop that requires special care. Many believe that it can only be planted in seedlings, however, thanks to many years of selection, there are currently several varieties that can be planted immediately in open ground.

First of all, it is necessary to prepare beds for cucumbers in the spring:

• Correctly choose the direction of the rows - from north to south.
• Fertilize the soil (the best solutions are cow dung or chicken manure, if they are not available, any mineral fertilizer will do).
• Put the sides (preferably at least 25 cm).

The main secrets of growing cucumbers in the open field are choosing the right planting time (from May to mid-June, depending on the region) and choosing the right variety.

How to make beds for cucumbers - common features

In the case when seedlings are not used, it will not work to grow a quality crop in the usual way (on standard beds). You must use one of the other ways to grow cucumbers in open ground:

• The device beds with a bookmark.
• Installation of a warm bed (including a raised structure).

These methods are non-standard, therefore, they are described in detail below to prevent errors during the arrangement.

How to make beds for cucumbers with a bookmark in the garden

To arrange a bed for growing cucumbers with a bookmark, it is necessary to dig a trench 30 cm deep and successively fill it with the following layers:

Warm beds for cucumbers in the open field

How to make a warm bed for cucumbers on the surface of the earth? To do this, it is necessary to build a box (for example, from boards or bricks) and fill it with the following layers:

• Sand.
• Organic waste (leaves, bark, etc.).
• Straw.
• Fertilizer (manure is best).
• Earth and humus.

The main thing is to carefully compact each layer, otherwise the soil will turn out to be too loose, and you should not expect a good harvest.

Advantages of warm beds for cucumbers:

• Lack of dirt from the beds due to the presence of bumpers.
• High yield.
• Aesthetic appearance (you can make beautiful identical beds).

Raised beds for cucumbers in the open field

In an unfavorable climate, it is advisable to arrange raised (or high) beds 40-50 cm high (for convenience, you can make it higher). At the same time, the sequence of layers remains the same as in conventional warm structures on the surface of the earth. Such structures have the following advantages:

• Even faster warming of the soil, which means that the harvest will appear earlier.
• Convenience (no need to bend over to care for cucumbers).

  

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A correctly drawn up scheme for planting vegetables in the garden and a competent plan for placing crops in the country are one of the main components of spring events. When planning planting garden plants in a summer cottage, it is very important to take into account crop rotation, or the so-called alternation of all grown vegetable crops.

Decorative and classic types of beds

Today, in the conditions of home gardening the arrangement of several types of classical ridges is practiced:

• vertical structures allow you to decorate unattractive walls or fences, minimize plant-to-soil contact, reduce the risk of fungal diseases and reduce the growth of weeds. The disadvantages include the limited amount of soil and the need to apply frequent top dressing and irrigation measures. Among other things, such ridges are not suitable for growing perennial crops that can freeze in winter;
• deep structures gained particular popularity in recent years. Such a ridge is a platform of standard sizes, represented by soil dug up twice with manure or good compost to a depth of a couple of shovel bayonets. Such a bed does not require digging for three to five years, and it is possible to loosen, water, weed and lime the earth from the paths laid along it;

• high structures convenient in terms of processing crops of vegetable crops. When arranging, a trench is dug 30-40 cm deep. Branches and paper, as well as plant waste should be placed in the dug trench, after which layers of fertile soil are filled up and lightly tamped. The edging of a high structure can be done with both wooden boards and slate or any other material at hand;
• warm designs a bit like high ridges. A ridge is dug up a meter wide and of arbitrary length. A layer of fresh cow dung is laid on the dug up surface, after which fertile land is covered. The surface must be shed with plenty of warm water and covered with black polyethylene or non-woven material. Vegetables are planted in specially made slots.

Site planning according to the Mittlider method (video)

Decorative ridges can give originality to a personal plot. A striking example is an unusual shape or fences made of beautiful materials. You can draw up a plan for the location of such structures online using special programs. Such a computer drawing up of a scheme-plan is within the power of even non-experienced amateur vegetable growers.

Requirements for beds for vegetable crops

When planning vegetable ridges, you need to remember that such structures must be sufficiently dry and even. It is also impossible to allocate areas shaded by trees or buildings for garden ridges. The right bed should be well warmed up by the sun's rays. Experienced gardeners recommend breaking up the ridges in areas in the direction from north to south. A good result is the arrangement of ridges with low sides that prevent shedding and help retain moisture during irrigation.

On gentle sections of the ridge, it is recommended to break and equip directly across the slope. If there are too large slopes, it is advisable to make special terraces, which are strengthened with wooden boards, logs or sheet slate. Such planting areas allow you to protect the soil and grown plants from strong flood waters or heavy rains.

Currently very popular the following options for the location of garden beds:

• geometric arrangement of square, rectangular or elongated ridges in a parallel and perpendicular direction;
• radial arrangement in spacious areas with planting garden crops with peculiar rays in a circle;
• corner non-standard location;
• spiral arrangement or rockeries that can decorate any landscape and are optimally suited for the cultivation of garden strawberries or other undersized berries.

The shape of vegetable ridges can be completely different. Experienced gardeners prefer to break up a backyard or summer cottage into fairly even, rectangular or square-shaped ridges. To give the garden an original exterior, ridges can be made round, oval, triangular or any other shape. In any case, when planning the location of the ridges, it is necessary to be guided not only by desires and personal preferences, but also take into account the features of the relief.

Scheme for planting vegetables in the garden: basic rules

In the process of choosing a place and a scheme for growing vegetables on a personal plot It is recommended to follow the following rules:

• growing dill, lettuce and radish does not have to be done in an ordinary way. Such garden crops are able to give a fairly high yield when planted as a compactor for other vegetables. Such a planting allows you to get an aesthetic design of the garden and significantly saves free space in the backyard;
• beets, radishes, turnips, carrots and other root crops can be planted on the sides of the beds. Thus, it is possible to obtain a beautiful frame for other garden crops, without inhibiting their growth and development. In the process of designing a garden plot, crop rotation rules must be taken into account, so the same crop cannot be grown in one place for several years in a row;

• climbing plants such as peas, beans or beans are allowed to be planted as a border design for large ridges. Landing is carried out on the north side of the main vegetable crop, which will not allow curly lashes to block sunlight;
• under the pumpkin, squash and zucchini, it is best to allocate separate ridges, which is due to the rapid growth of the plant and the spread over almost the entire free space.

It is also very important to observe the distance between crops in a row and the spacing between rows when planting seedlings and sowing.

Mixed plantings: bed layout (video)

Crop rotation in the garden: how to plant vegetables

One of the simplest and most popular solutions for crop rotation in home gardening, is based on the division of vegetable garden crops into several main groups:

• leaf group - cabbage, leafy lettuce, green onions, sorrel and spinach;
• the fruit group is represented by tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, squash, eggplant and pumpkin;
• a group of root crops represented by radishes, beets, carrots, radishes, turnips, potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes;
• a group of legumes, represented by beans, beans, lentils,.

The correct alternation of such plants in the backyard and garden plot should be carried out as follows:

• in the first year, fruits are grown on the first bed, root crops on the second, legumes on the third, leafy on the fourth;
• in the second year, fruits are transferred to the fourth bed, root crops - to the first, legumes - to the second, leafy - to the third;
• in the third year, root crops are transferred to the fourth bed, and so on.

No less popular is a crop rotation depending on the indicators of the exactingness of garden plants to soil fertility:

• high exactingness rates are typical for aster, pumpkin and cabbage;
• the average degree of exactingness is characteristic of nightshade;
• slight exactingness is characteristic of amaranth, amaryllis and umbrella;
• legumes are capable of enriching the soil composition.

Nightshade crops are represented by potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers. The umbrella or celery category includes dill, carrots and parsley. The most popular amaranth fruits are beets and spinach.. The pumpkin family is represented by cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, watermelons and melons.

Popular cabbages or cruciferous are all types of cabbage, radishes and watercress. Legumes that enrich the soil are peas and beans, while sunflowers belong to the Asteraceae family.

Crop rotation of vegetable crops (video)

Even on small ridges, you can get a decent yield. Proper and timely planning of plantings and crops, as well as compliance with crop rotation, is a prerequisite for obtaining the highest and highest quality harvest from household and garden plots that are insignificant in area.

Despite the fact that the melon is a "purebred southerner", summer residents grow it not only in the south. And all because this culture is exceptionally tasty and very healthy. And varieties “for the market” do not always have high taste qualities, not like fruits from their own garden or greenhouse. True, the melon has its own "secrets", but they are not particularly difficult. Therefore, if you have not yet grown a melon on your hundred square meters, you must definitely try it, at least once!

Salad "Red Sea" with squid, crab sticks and red caviar is a light and healthy snack that is suitable for a pescatarian menu, it can also be prepared on fasting days when fish and seafood are allowed on the menu. The salad is simply extremely tasty and it is prepared easily. Buy frozen squids. I do not advise you to cook a dish with giant squid fillet, although it looks appetizing and tempting, it has a sharp ammonia flavor that is difficult to get rid of.

Columnar trees differ from ordinary fruit trees in their compact crown, small height, and lack of lateral branching. With a slight habitus, these miracle trees are distinguished by their ability to form large crops of large, tasty and beautiful fruits. On 1-2 acres, you can place up to 20-25 columnar trees - varieties of apple trees, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, apricots and other crops of different maturity. Our article will tell about the features of creating a columnar garden.

August can be a little sad - autumn, followed by a long winter, is already on the threshold. But the flower beds are still full of multicolor, and their colors create an atmosphere of warmth and joy. The rich palette of August flower beds mainly consists of yellows, oranges, and crimson tones. And it seems as if the garden has become warmer and the color of the sun has increased. What flowers should definitely be planted in flower beds so that they brighten up the inevitable departure of summer with flowering?

Peach jam with bananas is fragrant, thick, healthy and, most importantly, it has half as much sugar as ordinary jam. This is a quick jam with pectin, and pectin powder is known to reduce the sugar content in jam, or even make it without sugar. Sugar-free jams are fashionable sweets in our time, they are very popular among supporters of a healthy lifestyle. Peaches for harvesting can be of any degree of maturity, bananas too.

Coriander is one of the most popular spices in the world, and its greens are called cilantro or cilantro. Interestingly, cilantro leaves no one indifferent. Some people adore it and are happy to use it in any salads and sandwiches, and they love Borodino bread for the special flavor of coriander seeds. Others, referring to the smell that evokes associations with forest bugs, hate coriander and flatly refuse to approach bunches of cilantro even in the market, let alone plant it in their garden.

Saintpaulias are making a comeback and redefining the cute blooming violets that love to live on any windowsill. Trends in the "market" for uzambara violets indicate a rapid increase in interest in plants with unusual leaves. More and more admiring glances are attracted not by unusual colors of flowers, but by exotic variegated colors of leaves. Variegated saintpaulias are almost no different in cultivation from all the others.

Sweet and sour pickled cherry tomatoes with red onion and basil marinated with balsamic vinegar and mustard. Such pickled vegetables will decorate any festive table, they are very tasty and fragrant. Marinade filling is a completely different story: it turns out a delicious brine, the only drawback of which is a small amount. Onions choose sweet, red. Cherry - strong, slightly unripe, the smallest. Fresh basil is suitable for both green and purple.

My first acquaintance with hydrogel took place a very long time ago. Back in the nineties, my husband brought funny multi-colored balls from Japan, which greatly increased in size if they were filled with water. They were supposed to put bouquets or use them for some other decorative purposes. Of course, at first it was funny, and then I played enough and abandoned them, I don’t even remember where they went. But I recently returned to the use of hydrogel. I will share my experience in this article.

Watermelon and summer are inseparable concepts. However, not in every area you will find melons. And all because this African plant takes up a lot of space, it is quite demanding on both heat and the sun, and also on competent watering. But still, watermelon is so loved that today not only southerners, but much more northern summer residents have learned to grow it. It turns out that you can find an approach to such a capricious plant, and if you want, you can get a decent harvest.

You can cook red gooseberry jam in 10 minutes. However, it should be borne in mind that this is the time required for cooking jam without preparing berries. It takes a lot of time to harvest and prepare berries for processing. Cruel thorns discourage any desire to harvest, but you still have to cut off your noses and tails. But the result is worth it, the jam turns out to be excellent, one of the most fragrant, in my opinion, and the taste is such that it is impossible to tear yourself away from the jar.

Monsters, anthuriums, caladiums, dieffenbachia ... Representatives of the Aroid family are considered one of the most popular categories of indoor plants. And not the last factor of their wide distribution is diversity. Aroids are represented by aquatic plants, epiphytes, semi-epiphytes, tuberous and lianas. But despite such a diversity, because of which it is sometimes difficult to guess the relationship of plants, aroids are very similar to each other and require the same care.

Salad "Donskoy" for the winter - a savory appetizer of fresh vegetables in a sweet and sour marinade with olive oil and balsamic vinegar. In the original recipe, the vinegar is regular or apple cider, but with a combination of wine vinegar and light Balsamico, it turns out much tastier. Salad can be prepared without sterilization - bring the vegetables to a boil, put them in sterile jars and wrap them warmly. You can also pasteurize blanks at a temperature of 85 degrees, then cool quickly.

The main collected mushrooms: porcini, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, boletus, mossiness mushrooms, russula, milk mushrooms, volnushki, saffron mushrooms, honey mushrooms. Other mushrooms are collected depending on the region. And their name (other mushrooms) is legion. As well as mushroom pickers, which are becoming more and more every year. Therefore, there may not be enough for all known mushrooms. And I know for sure that among the little-known come across very worthy representatives. I will tell you about little-known, but tasty and healthy mushrooms in this article.

The word "ampel" comes from the German word "ampel", meaning a hanging container for flowers. Fashion for hanging flower beds came to us from Europe. And today it is very difficult to imagine a garden where at least one hanging basket was not found. In response to the growing popularity of container floriculture, a large number of ampelous plants have appeared on sale, whose shoots easily fall outside the pots. Let's talk about those that are valued for their beautiful flowers.