Carelessly question or appeal. Examples of sentences with appeal in Russian. What words express appeal

Appeal- this is a word or phrase that names the person to whom or to what the speech is addressed. For example: Wouldn't you chase, pop, for cheapness(Pushkin).

The main purpose of the appeal is to attract attention, although sometimes the appeal can express an attitude towards the interlocutor. For example: What are you doing sweetie?(Ostrovsky).

In one sentence, there can even be several calls directed to the same addressee, one of which only names the listener, and the other evaluates, for example: Go, my dear, Ilya Ilyich!(Goncharov).

Sometimes in poetic speech, rhetorical personification-address is possible. It calls on an inanimate object to become a participant in communication. For example: Noise, noise, obedient sail, Wave under me, gloomy ocean.(Pushkin.)

The appeal is not a member of the sentence, but may have dependent words, that is, be common, for example: Low house with blue shutters, I will never forget you!(Yesenin).

In the letter, appeals are separated by commas. If the appeal is emotionally colored and is at the beginning of the sentence, then it may be followed by an exclamation mark. Compare the examples below:

What, daddy, got up so early? (Pushkin)
Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us? (Lermontov)

In official letters, appeals are usually written on a separate line. In this case, an exclamation mark is placed after the appeal. For example:

Dear Ivan Ivanovich!

Please note: the word DEAR is included in the appeal and is not separated by a comma. Compare:

Hello Ivan Ivanovich!

In this example, after the word HELLO, a comma is needed, since it is not part of the appeal, but acts as a predicate.

Interjection- This is a special part of speech that serves to express various feelings and volitional impulses. This part of speech includes the words AY!, AH!, Alas!, BATYUSHKI! other.

Interjections, like appeals, are not members of a sentence, and are separated in writing by a comma or an exclamation point.

Alas! His confused mind could not resist the terrible upheavals (Pushkin).
Life, alas, is not an eternal gift (Pushkin).

Like many spelling rules, this rule has an exception that needs to be remembered. If the interjection O in a sentence comes before an appeal, then a comma or an exclamation mark is not placed between the interjection and the appeal. Compare:

Oh, why am I not a bird, not a steppe raven! (Lermontov).
Your holy sentence, oh heaven, is not right (Lermontov).

In addition, you need to know that sometimes interjections are part of whole combinations, for example: EH YOU, EH YOU, WELL, AY YES. In this case, commas are not needed, for example: Well, what to do now?

An exercise

1. What do you need, old man? (Pushkin).
2. Tsyts_ damned_ how there is no death on you (Turgenev).
3. Have mercy_ empress fish (Pushkin).
4. You_ queen_ are sweeter than all, blush and whiter (Pushkin).
5. You stupid demon_ where did you climb after us? (Pushkin).
6. Farewell, free element! (Pushkin).
7. But what about_ father_ Ilya Ilyich_ I will arrange? (Goncharov).
8. And look into his face: fu_ what importance shines in his eyes! I have never heard him say an extra word (Gogol).
9. Yeah_ You yourself admit that you are stupid (Pushkin).
10. What are you_ guests_ bargaining for and where are you sailing now? (Pushkin).
11. Ba_ familiar faces! (Griboyedov).
12. Hello, you are my beautiful prince! (Pushkin).
13. Ah_ you_ vile glass! You are lying to spite me (Pushkin).
14. Sovereign, you are our_ Vladimir Andreevich_ I, your old nanny, decided to report to you about papa's health (Pushkin).
15. Barin_ would you order me to return? (Pushkin).
16. Well_ Maksimych_ go with God (Pushkin).
17. Saints_ how she was dressed! Her dress was white as a swan: fu_ what a magnificent! and as she looked: the sun_ by God_ the sun! (Gogol).
18. O_ gods_ gods_ why are you punishing me? (Bulgakov).
19. O_ do not believe this Nevsky Prospekt! (Gogol).
20. The wind twisted the sand, the water rippled, turned cold, and, looking at the river, Palaga whispered: “God_ yes, soon, soon frost!” (Yesenin).
21. Don't you have at least the Pogodin edition_ General? Then I wrote here in a different font: this is a round, large French font, of the last century ... (Dostoevsky).
22. Wow, what a voice! (Gogol).
23. “Where is it_ you_ beast_ cut off your nose?” she shouted with anger (Gogol).
24. - Oh, hero! We all lined up in front of You in a row one at a time in order to express our admiration for Your bold and completely senseless act (Klyuev).
25. “Stop_ Praskovya Osipovna! I will put it, wrapped in a rag, in a corner: let it lie there a little; and then I’ll take it out” (Gogol).
26. Behind me, reader! Who told you that there is no true, true, eternal love in the world? (Bulgakov).
27. “Neither give nor take, a copy from Inconsolable Grief, a copy from you_ Erofeev,” I immediately thought to myself and immediately laughed to myself (Erofeev).
28. He placed them in front of me, opened my potion bag, and announced that he would try every potion on these kids until he found the right one. This is how the king_ don Rumata was poisoned ... (Strugatskys).
29. How happy I am that I left! Dear friend, what is the human heart? I love you so much: we were inseparable, and now we parted, and I rejoice! (Goethe).
30. On the fourth day I arrived here_ dear friend_ and, as promised, I take up my pen and write to you (Turgenev).
31. - Well, brother Grushnitsky, it's a pity that I missed! - said the captain ... (Lermontov).

In written speech, there are frequent cases of using elements such as appeals or interjections. They are necessary to create the desired color in the narrative, as well as to designate the subject being addressed. Punctuation when using these words has its own characteristics, which you need to know.

1. Spelling of commas when referring.

First, let's define the term "conversion".

Appeal is a word or phrase that names the participant in the action to whom the statement is addressed.

It may not necessarily be an animate person, but an inanimate object too. In the system of the Russian language, this unit is given a peripheral place, and the appeal is not a member of the sentence.

In the letter, the appeal is separated by commas. If the sentence contains words related to the appeal, then they, together with it, are separated by commas from the rest of the statement. For example:

• Dear colleagues, a moment of attention.
• Father Vasily, I came to you for help.

Note. Sometimes an appeal can be highlighted with another punctuation mark, such as an exclamation mark. This is done in order to highlight the person to whom they are addressing:

• Heavenly clouds, eternal wanderers!
  Steppe azure, pearl chain
  You rush as if like me, exiles
  From the sweet north to the south. (Lermontov)
• Hey dove! deceive others with it; You will also receive from the assessor for not frightening people with devilry. (Gogol)

2. Spelling of commas in interjections.

Interjections are a separate class of unchangeable words that serve for grammatically unformed expression of emotions, feelings and wills..

This is a unique group of words that is not included in the syntactic system of the Russian language. She only points out different reactions and emotions, but does not name them. It has its own spelling rules.

Usually in writing interjections ("eh", "oh", "hey-gay", "ah", "oh", "well", "hey", "op", "oh", "ay", "ay- ah-ah”, “oh-oh-oh”, etc.) are distinguished by commas (sometimes to enhance emotionality, exclamation marks):

• Hey, hey, that's not good! he scolded and shook his finger.
• Oh, I'm tired of everything, I'll leave.
• Oh, you were a playful child (Pushkin).
• Oh, the board is ending, now I will fall! (A. Barto)
• Oh what a woman, what a woman! I would like this! (gr. "Freestyle")
• - Ege-ge-ge! Yes, both birds are from the same nest! Knit them both together! (N.V. Gogol)

Note. The particles "o", used when addressing, as well as "well", "ah", "oh" are homonyms of the same interjections. However, in writing, these particles are not separated by commas:

• O field, field, who dotted you with dead bones? (Pushkin)
• But I do not want, oh my friends, to die. (Pushkin)
• Oh, you are a goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich! (Lermontov)
• Well, Onegin? You are yawning? (Pushkin)
• Oh what are you!

The state exists in order to provide people with normal living conditions. Therefore, the appeals of citizens receive special attention in the governing bodies. Their types are varied. They are divided into themes and forms. In order to achieve a positive reaction from a state body, you need to know how best to contact it: write or call, come to an appointment or organize a collective complaint.

The reaction to each document is carried out in accordance with the law. Contrary to popular belief, experts cannot put any paper under glass, throw it away or destroy it. The prosecutor's office controls how state organizations consider citizens' appeals. The types of these documents are enshrined in the Constitution. Therefore, improper consideration is considered a violation of the law.

What are citizens' appeals

Types of documents received by government agencies are diverse. You and I are interested in those whose authors are ordinary people. They come to power not only with complaints and problems, often citizens seek to convey to their superiors their proposals for optimizing work, improving the quality of life of people. If you set up the work correctly, you can get a storehouse of useful information. But for this it is necessary to clearly analyze the concept and types of citizens' appeals.

People go to state institutions with various questions. Not all of them fall under the category of appeals. In addition, the organization has the right to consider only those issues that are within its competence. This work is regulated by the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 No. 59-FZ. The document describes exactly which issues are considered official applications, and which should be considered in the usual way. The latter, by the way, are not many at all.

Just so citizens can communicate with each other. They go to state institutions with a serious reason. Most often, people write complaints about the unsatisfactory, from their point of view, performance of duties. For example, the topic of appeals is non-payment of the due money, poor service in the institution, refusal to issue any document.

Specialists are obliged to deal with each issue specifically and on the merits, and within the time limits established by law. Appeals of citizens, their types, the procedure for consideration are prescribed in the already mentioned law. Knowledge of its content is mandatory for any public servant. Almost everyone has to deal with appeals. And wrong work with them leads to sad consequences.

What types of citizens' appeals are described in the legislation

Work with people in all countries is considered the most difficult of those that are carried out by the state. It imposes a special responsibility on specialists. Therefore, civil servants separately study the concept and types of citizens' appeals. They need to clearly understand how to respond to a particular paper, call, email.

The following types of citizens' appeals are distinguished by content:

• offer;
• statement;
• a complaint;
• petition.

People can enter into dialogue with the authorities both individually and collectively. Therefore, another concept has been introduced by law - types of appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation that have several authors. These documents have a different order of consideration. These include:

• collective appeals;
• petitions.

These documents, as a rule, are drawn up at a meeting of people, a rally, in a labor collective and are of a public nature. A petition, for example, is an appeal to the power structure with a proposal to carry out certain reforms, to amend regional legislation. We will further analyze the separately listed appeals of citizens, the concept, types, procedure for consideration. But before that, you should find out who works with them. This needs to be understood by both citizens and employees of institutions.

Who is responsible for reviewing applications?

If an organization receives a stream of complaints, suggestions and other papers from the population, it makes sense to create a special structure to work with them. It operates on the basis of a special document of the Regulation. It prescribes what citizens' appeals are, the concept, types, procedure for consideration on the basis of current legislation.

It is unacceptable to engage in amateur activities in this matter. Each appeal must go through all stages of office work in a timely manner. It must be understood that the issue is strictly controlled. Specialists need to keep track of the dates so as not to break anything. The same is recommended for citizens. If they are not given a response in time, they can complain about breaking the law.

If the institution receives few letters and calls from people, then one person is assigned to work with them. His job description also describes that he is obliged to consider the appeals of citizens, types, features of doing business. In large organizations, the department (specialist) only controls the passage of relevant papers. Responses to appeals are made by specialists whose duties include resolving issues raised in appeals. For example, in local governments, many departments and departments are created. People can apply both directly to the structural unit, and write to the name of the head. In any case, the answer is prepared by an employee of the department (department) to whose jurisdiction the subject of the application belongs.

How to write an appeal

Let's move on to more practical matters. Not every paper will be accepted as an appeal. The Constitution guarantees citizens the right to apply to any authorities. But it must be formatted accordingly. No one is required to respond to an anonymous letter. Therefore, any kind of citizens' appeals: a proposal, a statement, a complaint - must be written in accordance with the legislatively fixed norms.

The paper must contain:

• The name of the institution or organization to which the document is sent. It is advisable to indicate the address, full name or position of the person to whom the person is addressing.
• Your details. They consist of a full name, written in full, and an address for receiving a response. It is advisable to add a phone number in order to organize more efficient communication.
• Notification, if necessary, of redirecting the response.
• The essence of the appeal. It should be carefully thought out, made concise and meaningful, without excessive emotionality.
• The paper is signed by the compiler personally. In addition, the date of submission must be indicated.

All of these items are mandatory. The citizen who draws up the document must be careful not to miss anything. In case of an error, his letter will not be considered by officials, it will be classified as anonymous. Note that the legislation, analyzing the main types of citizens' appeals, does not insist that people indicate a phone number. Only the address of his residence is obligatory. However, practice shows that the presence of additional information improves the quality of work with the document.

How else can you interact with government agencies

In addition to written applications, other types (forms) of citizens' appeals are legally fixed. These include emails. They are also made according to certain rules. You must also indicate the addressee, that is, the name of the institution, the position of the person to whom you are addressing or his name. This document must be signed with your real name and surname. Next, enter the email address to which the response will be sent.

Today, almost all institutions have their own websites. If you want to write to the appropriate structure, you need to find a special form on this Internet resource and fill it out. All the required fields are already there. In addition, in some cases, the necessary documents can be attached to the letter in electronic form.

For example, the site of the President of the Russian Federation works. Any citizen can not only send him a letter, but also track his progress through the services in a special office (virtual). When considering the types of appeals of citizens to state bodies, one cannot ignore the personal reception. This is a special form of interaction between the population and the authorities.

The citizen has the right to oral appeal. It is formulated during a personal reception, which is conducted by the head of the relevant organization. In this case, the answer can be both oral and written. If additional checks and studies are not required, then the situation is explained to the person right there on the spot. When the essence of the question needs to be studied in detail, he is asked for details for sending an answer by mail.

Get to grips with the content of the document

It should be understood that the types of written appeals of citizens are different. When writing a document, it is necessary to write it in an appropriate way so that specialists understand what is required of them. Thus, the complaint notes the facts of violation of human rights. It is necessary to clearly indicate which provision of the legislation has not been implemented and by whom. It is desirable to draw up a document as concisely as possible, concentrating on the facts, omitting unimportant details.

In addition, the complaints contain critical remarks and suggestions. However, it is recommended to refrain from an emotional assessment of the work of employees of institutions, do not insist on their dismissal. Believe me, any appeal is considered in the utmost detail. The head of the organization will deal with the punishment himself. The case of a citizen is to list the facts and ask for the restoration of their rights.

An offer is a different form of appeal. It contains the thoughts of a person regarding the improvement of the activities of state bodies, possibly additions to the current legislation. Sometimes people propose specific measures to improve certain areas of interaction between government and society. It is desirable in this document not only to criticize, but also to initiate specific ways to solve the problem.

The statement usually indicates the problem. This may be insufficient work of state bodies, violation of human rights. Unlike a proposal, it does not contain a solution to a problem.

When they list the types of appeals of citizens to local governments, they do not always cite a petition. It has only been introduced in recent years. In it, a citizen asks to recognize his rights or benefits. Documents that are the legal basis for such must be attached to the application.

How to contact the municipality

It should be said right away that the types of citizens' appeals to local governments are exactly the same as described above. They are subject to federal and state laws. That is, a citizen can safely write complaints, proposals or petitions and send them to the municipality. True, there are some features of this type of communication with the authorities.

It is necessary to find out what is the procedure for consideration of appeals. In different organs it is formed separately. In order for the application to be considered faster and at a more serious level, you need to write to the name of the head. As a rule, such papers are treated very carefully. Do not forget that the types of citizens' appeals to local governments are the same as to federal institutions. That is, sometimes it is better to go to a personal appointment with the leader, having an already written application with you. Agree, getting to a municipal official is easier than getting to the president. You need to use your rights to move the matter forward. If the leader is unwilling to accept you, there are special bodies whose duties include monitoring the implementation of the rights of citizens. Do not forget, the prosecutor's office belongs to them.

Special cases

It is necessary to understand that there are some nuances in the communication of power structures with the population. This is reflected in the legislation. It describes the features of consideration of certain types of citizens' appeals. These include, for example, repeated statements. Their consideration should be treated more carefully by both sides. A citizen should know that his repeated appeal on the same issue will remain unanswered. Such a reaction is legally enshrined.

If the answer does not satisfy, it is recommended to indicate in the repeated appeal what exactly does not suit and ask for clarification. In addition, the legislator regulates other features, taking into account all types of citizens' appeals. If an application is received from a large team (more than thirty people), it must be considered on site. Anonymous messages are allowed to be left unanswered. E-mails also have their own characteristics. If the applicant requests, the answer can be sent to him by mail. They also act when a person does not indicate his email address.

About deadlines and responsibilities

For the employee considering the appeal, these are the most important questions. Here the legislation is entirely on the side of the citizen. The terms of consideration are described very clearly and strictly. The answer must be sent to the applicant within thirty days from the date of registration.

You can violate this rule only in one case, when additional, reasonable time is required for consideration. The head of the institution decides this issue. And an interim response is sent to the applicant to keep him informed. The term is counted from the moment of registration of the appeal. It is also regulated by law.

If the appeal is urgent, it should be immediately entered into the journal and taken to the head. The rest are registered during the day. Each appeal must have a management resolution. As a rule, this task is for employees to prepare a response. The clerical service registers in a special journal all stages of the passage of the document. That is, everything is recorded: who is instructed to answer, where the appeal is located. At any time, the responsible person is obliged to report who has the paper itself under consideration today.

There are complex statements that are sent to different specialists to prepare a response. Then one person from the group is assigned responsibility for it. That is why it is necessary to clearly know what the concept, types of citizens' appeals are. Administrative law implies strict liability for violation of the law in this part.

Personal reception of citizens

It should not be assumed that oral appeals are not monitored as strictly as written ones. The law prescribes the procedure for their registration. It is as strict and precise as when accepting documents on physical or electronic media. All calls are recorded in a journal or in a special card. If the issue was resolved immediately during the conversation, then the decision is briefly recorded in the same document.

In the event that the appeal cannot be considered quickly, it should be made in writing. The applicant is requested to draw up a document. He is treated as usual. All stages of the passage of paper are controlled by the clerical service.

Citizens going to see their superiors should remember that they will have to confirm their identity. This is written in the law, and it is difficult to get around this paragraph. Take your passport with you so that there are no problems.

In addition, it is necessary to formulate the essence of the appeal in advance. The specialist will definitely ask you what you came with. It is not necessary to convey the entire problem to him, but you will have to name the type of appeal: complaint, proposal, petition or statement. And to determine this will allow you to clearly formulate the meaning of why you need a meeting with the leader. In addition, understanding the essence of the problem will help to convey it clearly and specifically. And this, in turn, will help specialists to give a reasonable and specific answer.

What to do if the appeal is not responded to?

As a rule, state bodies consider applications of citizens quite quickly. Rarely what remains without an answer, albeit a formal one. But such cases also occur in practice. The citizen should be aware of his rights and the constitutional duties of the services. If they don’t want to work, go to the manager for the first time and complain. This is a normal reaction to the dishonesty of public services. If they don't want to talk to you, go to the prosecutor's office. The duties of this body include supervision over the implementation of legislation in terms of considering citizens' appeals. Write an application and wait for a response.

Today, work with appeals is at a high level. You can write a letter to almost any institution, up to the highest ones, on the Internet. Use this wonderful right without hesitation. But, if you decide to complain, stock up on documentary evidence of a violation of the law. For example, when you contact the municipality, ask that you put an incoming number on a copy of the document. With this paper, it is easier to find the truth in the prosecutor's office or with a superior.

If the answer to the appeal did not suit you, do not write the same again. We need to be creative in our communication with the authorities. Ask them for more details, explanations, and so on. If you duplicate the complaint, there will be no response. The legislation allows you to ignore the repeated appeal of the same citizen if the topic has not changed.

Conclusion

We briefly reviewed the types of citizens' appeals. Believe me, this is a very voluminous and nuanced question. Each specific case is individual. It is not possible to describe in general terms all the problems that arise. It's no secret that sometimes we demand answers from the authorities to questions that cannot be solved. Any nuance must be analyzed in detail. And it is desirable to do this not in confrontation, but in cooperation with the authorities. In any case, the laws are written in this spirit. But people, what can you do, make their own adjustments to their performance.

Appeal- this is a word or phrase that names the person (less often - the subject) to whom the speech is addressed.

1. Appeal can be expressed in one word and more than one word.

One word address is expressed by a noun or any part of speech in the function of a noun in the nominative case, non-single-word treatment may include words dependent on this noun or an interjection about:

For example:

Dear granddaughter, why did you rarely call me?

Waiting for a flight from Sochi, go to the arrivals area.

Again I am yours, oh young friends! (the title of the elegy of A. S. Pushkin).

2. An appeal can be expressed by a noun in the form of an oblique case, if it denotes a sign of the object or person to whom the speech is addressed.

For example: Hey, in a hat, are you extreme?

Appeals can be expressed by special, descriptive phrases, which are distinguished as ordinary address-names: - Hey, on the scow!- said Reg (Green); - Hey, who is stronger, come here to the gate(P. Kapitsa).

3. Personal pronouns you and you, as a rule, do not act as appeals: they perform the function of the subject if they have predicate verbs.

For example: If you, the reader, love autumn, then you know that in autumn the water in the rivers acquires a bright blue color from the cold.(Paust.) - the appeal is reader, and the pronoun you combined with the verb you love.

Pronouns you , you can take on the call function in the following cases:

a) in constructions with a separate definition or a defining clause: You are the third from the edge, with a mop on his forehead, I don't know you. I love you!(Ascension); You, whose wide overcoats resembled sails, whose spurs rang merrily and voices, and whose eyes, like diamonds, left a mark on the heart, are the charming dandies of bygone years.(Color);

b) when used independently, usually with interjections hey, well, eh and etc.: Oh, you women, women! Gardening your heads(Cool.); - Oh, you! And don't you mind sitting next to Chebuhayka? - he throws on the go(Cool .); Tsyts, you! She is no longer your servant(M. G.); “He has a headache,” Bayev sympathized with his heart. – Eh-h... you. Residents!(Shuksh.);

in) as part of other requests: Dear friend you are mine don't be ashamed...(Fad.); You are my dear(Shuksh.).

The appeal is not grammatically related to the sentence, is not a member of the sentence.

Punctuation marks when addressing

1. Appeals are usually distinguished (or separated) by commas, and with a special emotional load - by an exclamation point after the appeal.

For example: Congratulations, comrades, on a safe arrival(paust.)

- Don't go, Volodya, - said Rodion(Ch.).

Farewell, it's time, my joy! I'll jump off now, conductor(Past.) . Calm down, wind. Don't bark, water glass(Es.). See clearly, comrade sighted, by the lake in the drain of water(Ascension).

The vocative intonation is enhanced if the appeal is placed at the end of the sentence.

For example:

- Hello, brothers! - he said(Ch.);

Farewell, it's time for the outskirts! Life is a change of ashes(Ascension).

2. Multiple hits are separated by commas or exclamation marks.

For example: " My dear, my dear, my torment, my anguish ", - she read (Ch.); Goodbye, my happiness, my short happiness! (Cupr.); Proletarian! Poor brother... When you receive this letter, I will already be flying away(Ch.).

Appeals connected by union and , are not separated by a comma.

For example: cry, tavern violins and harps (Vozn).

3. If after the appeal there is a definition or application, then it is isolated; such a definition is perceived as a second appeal.

For example: Grandpa, dear where have you been? (rasp.); Miller, darling, get up. On the shore of the lights! (Paust.).

4. Parts of the dissected address are allocated separately, each in itself.

For example: Hear me good, hear me beautiful, my evening dawn, unquenchable love! (Is.); O, my neglected thank you and kiss you hands of the Motherland, timidity, friendship, family (Past.).

5. If the appeal ends an interrogative sentence, then a question mark is placed after it.

For example: Hear Dmitry Petrovich? I will come to you in Moscow(Ch.); When will Kara-Ada finally be, captain?(Paust.); What's wrong with you, blue sweater?(Ascension); Did you pray at night, birch? Did you pray at night overturned lakes Senezh, Svityaz and Naroch? Did you pray at night Cathedrals of the Intercession and Assumption? (Ascension).

6. Particles oh ah ah and others facing appeals are not separated from them.

For example: Oh my darling my gentle, beautiful garden! (Ch.).

- Prosh, and Prosh! - Called Prokhor Abramovich(Plat.).

Oh Nadya, Nadya we would be happy...(OK.).

Oh whirlwind, feel all the depths and hollows(Past.).

O bunch of retribution! Tossed in one gulp to the West - I am the ashes of an intruder!(Ascension).

Oh youth, phoenix, fool, all in flames cum!(Ascension).

O heart-loving deceptions, delusions of infancy! On the day when the glades turn green, I have no deliverance from you.(Ill.).

7. If there is an interjection before the appeal (unlike a particle, it is accented), then it is separated by a comma or an exclamation point.

For example:

- Oh, dear Nadia, - Sasha began his usual after-dinner conversation(Ch.);

- Hey, three octopuses for threading, go get the bolt! - From that day on, Zakhar Pavlovich was called the nickname "Three Octopuses for Carving"(Plat.). The word o can also act as an interjection (meaning Oh ): O, my lost freshness, riot of eyes and flood of feelings (Es.).

An interjection (as a call to attention) can itself act as an appeal.

For example: Hey watch out! Make a closure!(Ascension).

- Hey, be careful out there! shouted Stepakha.(Cool.).

Where? What are you? Hey!(Shuksh.).

8. After the appeal, which is a separate vocative sentence (Sentence-address, i.e., a one-part sentence in which the main and only member is the name of the person addressing the speech), an ellipsis or exclamation mark is placed - single or in combination with ellipsis.

For example: - Miller! whispered Shatsky.(Paust.); Anya, Anya!(Ch.); - Sing! .. - Lyalka is again in the window(Shuksh.);

- Mother ... And mother! he called his old woman(Shuksh.); “Brothers ...” he said quietly, and his voice broke(Paust.).

Appeals and punctuation marks with them

Not only knowledge of introductory words can be claimed in task B5. Sometimes graduates are offered write out numbers denoting commas when referring.

Appeal- this is a word or phrase that names the addressee of the speech (person or object):

This labor, Vania, was terribly huge (N.A. Nekrasov). The address in this sentence is the word Vania.

The main function of the appeal is to encourage the interlocutor to listen, to draw attention to the message, therefore, names, patronymics and surnames are often used as an appeal: Really, Maria Ivanovna, do you want to leave us too? (A.S. Pushkin) Appeals also serve: the names of persons by degree of kinship; names or nicknames of animals; names of objects or phenomena of inanimate nature, usually personified in this case; geographic names. All of us in communication Will help appeal! You can safely turn to people, animals or birds! Only, friend, do not forget, Arrange commas!

The role of address in a sentence is usually played by a noun in the nominative case or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun (adjective, participle, etc.): You are very busy, Pavel?(N. Ostrovsky); Let me go, native, to a wide expanse (N.A. Nekrasov).

The appeal can be extended with explanatory words: your labors, my friend, I will not forget (I.A. Krylov).

When speech is addressed not to one, but to several persons, the names of these persons are usually connected by a coordinating union AND. Either a comma or an exclamation mark is placed between them, for example:

Vanya and Petya I will write to you. Mum! Dad! Come here quickly!

The appeal can be repeated: Oh, babysitter, babysitter, I miss (A.S. Pushkin).

The appeal is not connected with other words in the sentence by either a subordinating or a coordinating connection, because is not a member of it and is not included in the grammatical basis(i.e can never be subject).

Compare examples, in one of which the word grandmother is the subject, and in the other - the appeal:

1) Grandmother speaks to me in a whisper (M. Gorky) - subject.

2) I love you, grandmother(M. Gorky) - appeal.

The appeal can be located at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the sentence:

My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the homeland with wonderful impulses!

Hold on comrade, gunpowder dry.

How clueless you are nanny!

The personal pronouns YOU and YOU usually do not act as an address: they perform the function of the subject: Do you love autumn?

The appeal is pronounced with a special (vocative) intonation: increased stress, pause: highlighted with commas.

If the appeal at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it, the word following the appeal is capitalized: Old man! forget about the past ... (M.Yu. Lermontov).

If a common appeal is placed in parts between the members of the sentence, then each part is separated by commas: Jacob, pick it up brother, curtain (A.P. Chekhov). breakaway, smart, you are wandering head?(I.A. Krylov)

Interjectional expressions are not appeals and are not separated by commas: Lord have mercy, God forbid, Lord forgive, thank you, Lord, etc.

The appeal may be accompanied by an expression of affection, reproach, condemnation, etc. This attitude of the speaker to the interlocutor is expressed using intonation, evaluation suffixes, definitions and applications, for example: Stepanushka, dear, don't give out cute!(I.A. Krylov) Neighbor, my light, please eat! (I.A. Krylov)

Sometimes invocations are expanded into lengthy characteristics; in these cases, when referring, there may be several definitions:

Friend of my harsh days, my decrepit dove, alone in the wilderness of pine forests for a long time you have been waiting for me (A. S. Pushkin).

Appeal, as noted above, is possible not only to persons, but in poetic speech and to inanimate objects: in this case, it is one of the methods of impersonation. Thanks, native side, your healing space! (N.A. Nekrasov) Idle thought's friend, my inkwell, I decorated my monotonous century with you (A. S. Pushkin).

Algorithm for completing task B5

("write down the numbers indicating commas when referring"):

1) If in task B5 you need to write out the numbers denoting commas when addressing, make sure that the word or combination of words you find is pronounced with a special (vocative) intonation and calls the person to whom the speech is being addressed: the appeal is possible not only to persons, but also to inanimate objects.

2) Remember that the address in a sentence is usually a noun in the nominative case or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun.

3) Do not forget that the appeal can be extended by explanatory words and be a combination of several words.