Nahco3 chemical properties. History, production technologies, properties and application of baking soda. Using Baking Soda Injections

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Sodium bicarbonate is non-toxic, fire- and explosion-proof.

The packaging stage is also followed by a professional chemist to ensure that the refrigerant maintains the set quality standards by maintaining the sugar content, acidity and volume of gases added to the bottle. Glass bottles are pre-washed on one machine and cleaned as they enter the container, and other controls are performed in this washing process. A chemist also accompanies this process.

During the packaging process, physico-chemical analyzes are performed, which mainly control the volume of gases and the concentration of sugar. The tests are usually carried out in a laboratory next to the production line. This is a quick and easy analysis, performed every 20 or 30 minutes. Finally, there is control over the environment. All equipment is washed before and after use and in taste exchange, and all water used in the plant is collected and fed into the treatment pond. Factories must have a treatment plant and water must be left with the appropriate standards so as not to cause damage environment.

It is a fine-grained powder, which causes irritation when it comes into contact with mucous membranes. Continuous work in an atmosphere contaminated with sodium bicarbonate dust may cause irritation of the respiratory tract.

Chemical properties

Sodium bicarbonate is the acidic sodium salt of carbonic acid.

In the soft drink industry, sugar is the furthest removed from the water. The removal of this residual amount is the main problem for water removal, and special treatment is made for this. The importance of a chemical specialist in a soft drink factory goes beyond compliance with industry regulations. A company that does not have a specialist ready to do physical-chemical control suffers from cost problems. For example, if each bottle of refrigerant contains 3 grams of extra sugar, for a small factory that produces 2 million liters per month, it will cost about eight thousand reais at the end.

Molecular weight (according to international atomic masses 1971) - 84.00.

Reaction with acids

Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids to form a salt and carbonic acid, which immediately decomposes into carbon dioxide and water:

NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 → H 2 O + CO 2

in cooking, such a reaction is more common with acetic acid, with education sodium acetate :

Chemical formula of baking soda

Lack of control can jeopardize the profitability and therefore even the survival of the company. In short, the presence of professionals in chemistry means rational use of resources and greater financial returns. Dilermando Pescaña, technical in chemistry.

Degree in chemistry, 36 years of experience in the food field, 14 years in non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. To purify solutions, make a mixture baking soda with hydrogen peroxide and clean the dirt. Other Tips for Using Sodium Bicarbonate to Clean Substance "Substitute cleaning products with baking soda."

NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH → CH 3 COONa + H 2 O + CO 2

Thermal decomposition

At a temperature of 60 °C, sodium bicarbonate decomposes into sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water (the decomposition process is most effective at 200 °C):

2NaHCO 3 → Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2

Upon further heating to 1000 °C (for example, when extinguishing a fire with powder systems), the resulting sodium carbonate decomposes into carbon dioxide and sodium oxide:

When washing dishes, fill glasses, cups, pans and all sorts of containers with water and baking soda. The mixture helps separate the remaining food. Baking also helps stop whiteness! Using two scoops of baking soda, you make small sachets to put in your shoes and sneakers at night. Remove at dawn and try not to wear shoes and sneakers if traces of bicarbonate remain - this can cause skin irritation.

Many people use baking soda in their hair. To remove chemical residue that builds up in your hair, mix one tablespoon with your shampoo and apply once a month. Spreading baking soda in trash cans or in a litter box can help reduce stench.

Na 2 CO 3 → Na 2 O + CO 2

Application

sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (bicarbonate) is used in the chemical, food, light, medical, pharmaceutical industries, non-ferrous metallurgy, and is supplied to retail trade.

A mixture of three parts of baking soda and one of them has an exfoliating function that helps to remove dead cells from the body and restore a healthy look to the skin. This method also helps to remove cuticles before making a hand. More detailed information and tips on "Bicarbonate also works as a beauty product." If your child has an accident in bed at night and ends up smearing the mattress, baking soda may also help. Spread over damp area, wait two hours and vacuum.

It drains and stops bad smell. But don't forget to sanitize the mattress. Use a mixture of 250 ml of vinegar, water and baking soda to prevent clogging of the sink. This "homemade blend" eliminates fat and leftover food in the pipes if you repeat the process periodically.

Registered as food additive E500 .

Application:

  • in chemical industry- for the production of dyes, foams and other organic products, fluorine reagents, goods household chemicals, fillers in fire extinguishers, for separating carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide from gas mixtures (gas is absorbed in a bicarbonate solution when high blood pressure and low temperature, the solution is reduced by heating and reduced pressure).
  • in light industry - in the production of sole rubber and artificial leather, leather industry (tanning and neutralization of leather), textile industry (finishing silk and cotton fabrics).
  • in Food Industry- baking, confectionery production, beverage preparation.

cooking

The main use of drinking soda is cooking where it is used primarily as a primary or secondary baking powder when baking (since it releases carbon dioxide when heated), alone or as part of complex baking powder (for example, baking powder, mixed with ammonium carbonate), for example, in biscuit and shortcrust pastry.

If your bank or plastic container there is a smell of food, even after washing, a damp sponge with baking soda solves the problem. To clean grease off the stove, use a three-part mixture of baking soda and water. Baking soda also has medicinal properties and can be used at home as a more natural way to treat symptoms. Some of the problems that bicarbonate helps are: heartburn, numbness of insect bites, nasal decongestant and removal of barbs and glass to know how to apply baking soda to every problem addressing this issue.

The medicine

A solution of baking soda is used as a weak antiseptic for rinsing, as well as a traditional acid-neutralizing agent for heartburn and pain in the stomach (modern medicine not recommended due to side effects, including due to acid ricochet"") or to eliminate acidosis etc.

Where to buy baking soda?

Be sure to buy baking soda from a reputable manufacturer, as only then will you be sure that the product is natural and that it will not harm the environment in your manufacturing process. We often fill our house chemicals useful for cleaning, disinfection, washing clothes, etc. in fact, in many cases, these products can be replaced with just sodium bicarbonate. In fact, sodium bicarbonate is one of the most widely used natural products in home cleaning because it is very well suited for many uses, from deodorizer to smoker.

Firefighting

Sodium bicarbonate is part of the powder used in powder systems firefighting, utilizing heat and displacing oxygen from the combustion source with the emitted carbon dioxide.

Production

In the Russian Federation, soda is produced in accordance with GOST 2156-76 “Sodium bicarbonate. Specifications".

But what is sodium bicarbonate? Also called sodium carbonate or sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate is the sodium salt derived from carbon dioxide. For industrial use bicarbonate is produced by the Solvay method, which involves combining water, ammonia, sodium chloride and carbon dioxide, resulting in sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. The poor purity of the bicarbonate produced by this reaction does not make it suitable for human consumption.

However, we care most about the daily use they can make. Did you know, for example, that sodium bicarbonate can be used to disinfect fruits and vegetables, for cleaning and washing, but is it also a natural remedy for counteracting stomach acid?

In almost every house - in the kitchen or in the bathroom - there is a truly miraculous remedy that can help in the kitchen business, and get rid of many diseases, and even clean the toilet or bath. And this universal miracle is called - baking soda. This white, finely ground powder absorbs water well and dissolves excellently in it, forming a slightly salty-tasting alkali solution.

Sodium bicarbonate: properties and benefits

Sodium bicarbonate is a very versatile element from which we can make so many uses, from cleaning, to the kitchen to personal hygiene. This is due to its properties, which we will describe below. Sodium bicarbonate contrasts with acid resistance and is therefore a good natural remedy for indigestion, indigestion or reflux. However, it is good not to exaggerate, as it is always salt, so as such should be used internally with some moderation. Drinking a glass of water with bicarbonate is enough to reap the benefits.

Simple drinking soda - a substance that returns youth and gives life

Baking soda is the sodium salt of carbonic acid. There are several types of it - food, calcined, caustic. Most often, we are faced with its food option. This substance has a number of useful properties in cooking, medicine, in the field of household chemicals. Possessing excellent disinfectant and antibacterial properties, it is part of many cleaning mixtures, including those made by yourself.

Useful and healing properties of baking soda for the human body

Bicarbonate has a certain disinfectant ability, so it can also be used for human care, for better wash fruits and vegetables or for household cleaning. The whitening power of bicarbonate stands out not only on tissue, but also on teeth. It is often found in oral hygiene product formulations, but especially if it is pure, it should be used for this purpose with moderation if it is likely to erode tooth enamel.

The use of soda for arrhythmias

Baking soda helps fight unpleasant odors, and there are those who use a solution of water and bicarbonate instead of regular deodorant. Sodium carbonate is one of the few substances known since ancient times. The ancients used it as a purification agent both in its natural state and in the form of plant ash.

Unlike an aqueous solution, powdered soda is a strong alkali that can cause irritation and even burns in case of prolonged contact with the skin and in case of contact with the eyes or mucous membranes!

A bit of the history of production methods

The first information about soda dates back to the times of the ancient Egyptian civilization. It was extracted from soda lakes, which, when dried, left behind a white mineral in the form of a powder. The ancient Egyptians used it as one of the ingredients in mummification.

External use of baking soda

It decomposes all mineral acids. Soda produced by the Leblanc process has a density of 1.2, while that produced by the ammonia process is soft and bulky with a density of 0.7-0. natural soda. - Sodium carbonate is natural or acidic in nature and crystallizes with varying amounts of water: decahydrate, rare in nature, usually associated with two other naturally occurring trona or ur and thermonate carbonates. natron, dissolved in water in significant quantities, rare thermonaptite.

It crystallizes at temperatures below 20 ° C, so in desert areas it forms only under special conditions and forms, changes the air in thermonaptides. It is slightly heated in its water of crystallization with the separation of thermonaptites, the solution has an alkaline reaction.

The civilized European world has also known soda for a long time, and it was used to make glass, soap, paints and medicines. Since seaweed ash was used to obtain it, industrial production was out of the question, which was unacceptable for Europe. But in 1791, the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc managed to invent industrial way her prey. The essence of the invention was as follows: table salt was dissolved in water, then it was exposed to sulfuric acid, and the resulting sodium sulfate was mixed with charcoal and limestone, after which the solution was heated in industrial furnaces and evaporated.

Hardness 1-1.5, specific gravity 1, 5-1. It is produced directly in desert areas or natron fade molds. Deposits. - Three carbonates often occur together with sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. In solutions in mineral waters, such as Carlsbad, Vichy and Aachen, or in salt lakes without emissaries, in which trunks usually separate.

Carbohydrates are found on the Asian continent from Manchuria to Arabia, Armenia, Mongolia, Syria, Tibet, etc. in the North East of England with a capacity of 100,000 tons. on Lake Magadi. In Egypt, in the El Natron valley, where it occurs in different varieties: common natron in crystalline hard deposits, light soda formed by a mass of small needle-like crystals, in addition to many throne or sandy deposits, often covered with other white powder variety. In Tripolitania it is predominantly natron at Hamza Murzuha and in the Sebha oasis, predominantly throne at Fezzan, where it is used as a building stone.

The disadvantage of this method was that it was relevant only for the manufacture soda ash. In addition, a lot of waste was generated during the production process - toxic hydrogen chloride and calcium sulfide. But despite this, industrial production soda became in demand, which led to its reduction in price.

In the United States, there are significant deposits in Wyoming, Oregon, the Sierra Nevada, and especially Owen Lake in California. Sodium carbonates are still found as efflorescences on the lava of the Somme, Vesuvius, Etna, Tenerife. Historical notes. - Until the second half of the century. The Benedictine Malherbe, one of the competitors, suggested first converting the salt with sulfuric acid to Glauber's salt, and then by calcining it with charcoal from wood and soda ash. Leblanc by previous experience was able to obtain a process that was practically applicable to the production of soda by treating Glauber's salt with calcium carbonate.

The palm in obtaining purified baking soda belongs to the Belgian scientist Ernest Solva. The same table salt is taken as the basis, the concentrated solution of which is saturated with ammonia and carbon dioxide. As a result, ammonium bicarbonate is formed, from which sodium bicarbonate is then obtained.

Composition of soda powder

Baking soda, or, as it is also called in everyday life, drinking soda, is characterized by its composition as a soft alkali. Upon contact with an acidic environment, it decomposes during the reaction into salt and carbon dioxide harmless to humans. This feature makes it possible to use it in various fields our life.



Correct Application baking soda does not cause harmful side effects, but the positive effect of baking soda on the human body is noticeable to the naked eye

The chemical composition of the substance is nothing complicated and contains the following elements:

  • Sodium, hydrogen, carbon - one atom each.
  • Oxygen - three atoms.

So the formula for baking soda looks like this: NaHCO3. It is known to many since school chemistry lessons and has several synonymous names:

  • Drinking.
  • Sodium bicarbonate.
  • sodium bicarbonate.
  • Bicarbonate.
  • Food additive E-500.

Whatever the name of this substance, it chemical formula remains unchanged - NaHCO3. Since there are no carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the composition of soda powder, the calorie content of soda is zero. This fine powder is odorless, slightly salty in taste, dissolves well in water, and does not decompose in the open air. The decay process is possible only under conditions high humidity. At proper storage the term of its use in modern production has no restrictions.

formula and chemical composition baking soda indicate that prolonged exposure to organic tissue can cause burns. In addition, under the influence high temperature it can release carbon dioxide.

Areas of use

Sodium bicarbonate, due to its properties, is a very popular substance in various spheres of human life. It is indispensable for a number of types of industry and in everyday life. This may include:

  • medicine.
  • Food industry.
  • Chemical industry.
  • light industry.
  • household needs.

The medicine

A number of studies have shown that sodium bicarbonate has amazing property restore acid-base balance, reduce acidity in the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract), helps to absorb oxygen, restores metabolism. Therefore, for example, to eliminate heartburn, they use soda solution. But this is not the only disease where soda can be used.



The number of sessions depends on the intensity of the lesion and the neglect of the disease. The manifested effect itself will give a signal to stop the course of treatment.
  • With colds, it helps to get rid of coughs, inhalation, soda helps to remove sputum from the bronchi and lungs.
  • It is used as an anti-inflammatory and bactericidal agent.
  • With hypertension and arrhythmias.
  • Together with sodium chloride, it helps to restore electrolyte and acid-base balance in diarrhea and vomiting.
  • A weak solution helps to get rid of itching from mosquito bites and skin rashes.
  • In the treatment of minor burns.
  • To eliminate fungal infections.

Incorrect dosage and use of soda in medicinal purposes can harm the body.

food industry

In the food industry, sodium bicarbonate is registered as an E-500 additive and is used quite often. Especially for the preparation of confectionery and in bakery. It can be used to prepare fizzy drinks such as sparkling wine, carbonated or mineral water.

Chemical industry and light industry

Sodium bicarbonate is the main ingredient in powder fire extinguishers. By releasing carbon dioxide, it pushes oxygen away from the source of ignition. Baking soda is also used for abrasive blast cleaning of machine tools and industrial machinery. This cleaning method is much gentler than sandblasting, without scratching or damaging surfaces.

Sodium bicarbonate is used in the manufacture and processing of, for example, rubber soles and other products. It serves and how useful supplement and as a degreaser. It is also used for tanning leather and bleaching fabrics. Baking soda is used for the production of leather substitutes and textiles.

The benefits of baking soda can be discussed endlessly. But when using it, you need to adhere to the main rule - listen to the recommendations on the dosage of the substance, regardless of the scope of its application.