The best complex fertilizer for tomatoes. Choosing a complex fertilizer for tomatoes - advice from the best farmers on the correct use of funds. Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse, what fertilizers and when to use

Tomatoes are quite valuable and useful product used to prepare a variety of dishes. That is why the majority of gardeners are engaged in the cultivation of tomatoes. To provide decent harvest It is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers for tomatoes.

Varieties of fertilizers

The most commonly used mineral fertilizers, which have a positive effect on the culture. That is why they are applied at all stages of tomato growth. Among the most common potash, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers.

The use of phosphate agrochemicals is recommended in the early stages of tomato cultivation. The line of these drugs consists of phosphate and superphosphate. The composition of the first agent includes phosphorus. The second drug consists of phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, sulfur, magnesium. The use of phosphate agrochemicals is carried out during planting. Regular use of these drugs is also recommended for further cultivation culture.

ATTENTION! Superphosphates are produced by the decomposition of natural phosphates using sulfuric acid. They are characterized by a complex effect on the soil, which leads to a decrease in its acidity.

Potassium supplements are quite important and useful for tomatoes. The use of drugs is carried out during the period of fruit ripening. With a lack this component the growth and development of the crop may slow down, as well as the taste of the fruit. Chemical composition potash agrochemicals is sufficiently diverse, which ensures that the most appropriate option in a particular region can be applied.

Of the most common, ordinary ash can be distinguished, which includes a large amount of potassium. It dissolves very well in water, so it is quite convenient to use it for fertilizing tomatoes. Ash belongs to the category of highly effective dressings and therefore it is widely used by gardeners. The disadvantage of this fertilizer is that it absorbs moisture. This leads to a decrease in its qualities.

The use of nitrogen agrochemicals for crops should be carried out with the utmost care. If they are applied in the optimal amount, then this will be positively reflected in the growth of the culture. With an excess of them, excessive soil toxicity is observed, which will lead to a slowdown in plant growth. Also, an excess of these fertilizers causes deformation of the fruit and the appearance of spotting on them. Of the potash agrochemicals, the most commonly used is urea, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium or ammonium nitrate.

Mineral fertilizers for tomatoes are made in a wide range, which makes it possible to choose the most best option depending on the characteristics of the soil and crop variety.

Application of agrochemicals at planting

Before planting a crop, it is recommended to choose the right planting material. It is best to use varieties that bring good harvest in a certain region. Planting a crop can be carried out using a self-collected planting material. To eliminate a variety of crop diseases, it is recommended to treat them with a solution of potassium permanganate before planting seeds. After that, the planting material is soaked in fertilizers that will stimulate germination:

How to improve productivity?

We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year, a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.

Read...

• Epine;
• Zircon;
• Kornevin;
• Guamate.

These are environmentally friendly compounds that do not have a negative effect on the human body. With the help of these agrochemicals, nutrients are delivered to the seeds. It takes about 17 hours to soak the seeds in fertilizers. The temperature of the solution should be within 22 degrees. After this time, the seeds are removed from the solution and planted in the soil.

Types of growth activators

To ensure the fastest possible germination of seeds, it is necessary to use appropriate growth activators. In most cases, gardeners recommend the use of:

• Zircon. This fertilizer contains hydrotoxic acids plant origin. The preparation of top dressing is carried out using echinacea extracts. You can buy the product in ampoules, the volume of which is 1 milliliter. For fertilizer large area recommended purchase of agrochemicals in plastic containers, the volume of which is 20 liters. In order to process the seeds of a culture, you need to take a glass of water and add a few drops of the drug to it. Planting material is soaked in the solution for 3 hours. After that, it is recommended to plant seeds. The use of this complex fertilizer for crops allows you to increase germination by 25 percent.
• Humate. The growth activator is produced in the form of a liquid or powder. 0.5 grams of top dressing is taken and diluted in a liter of water. In this solution, the seeds of the culture must be soaked for about 13 hours. it natural fertilizer, the main components of which are peat and natural vegetation. With the help of this tool, root and foliar top dressing of seedlings and adult plants is carried out.
• Appina. Belongs to the category of biological products, with the help of which the most rapid germination of seeds is ensured. The action of the product is aimed at ensuring the stability of the tomato during transplantation, high temperature, drought, shortage sunlight, excess moisture, etc. Epin is developed on the basis of special phytohormones, which ensure the resistance of seeds to diseases. To prepare the solution, you need to take a glass of water and add 4 drops of the drug to it. Soaking seeds should last at least 6 hours. After that, they are disembarked. With the help of the drug, germination can be increased by 15 percent.

Fertilizers for crops not only increase germination, but also provide crop resistance to diseases and various influences. environment negative nature.

Transplanting

Tomatoes are often grown outdoors from seedlings, which must be strong and healthy. That is why it is necessary to carry out its fertilizer in a timely and correct manner.

ATTENTION! When planting seedlings, attention must be paid to the soil. It should contain in its composition the optimal amount of nutrients. Excess nitrogen in this case is contraindicated. This fertilizer leads to an excessively rapid growth of green mass, which is the reason for the weakening of seedlings and a decrease in yield levels.

The first feeding of young tomatoes should be carried out after the appearance of several formed leaves on the plants. In this case, it is recommended to use urea for feeding. One tablespoon of this fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water. After a week, it is recommended to re-fertilize. For this purpose, a solution of nitrophoska is used. A tablespoon of fertilizer is diluted in a bucket of water. This amount of the mixture is enough for 30 bushes of culture. After that, it is recommended to feed the tomato three times a month.

It is necessary to fertilize tomatoes regularly, which will lead to a significant increase in yield.

Types of agrochemicals for seedlings

A variety of complex fertilizers for tomatoes can be used to feed seedlings. The most effective include:

• Nitroammophoska. This drug is characterized by availability and wide distribution among gardeners. With its help, a variety of vegetables are fed, including tomatoes. The tool is developed on the basis of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. For feeding seedlings, it is recommended to use brand A fertilizer. A bucket of water is taken, into which you need to add a few tablespoons of the drug. After the agent is completely dissolved, the composition is used to water the seedlings.
• Robust. Belongs to the category of agrochemicals, with the help of which seedlings of various crops are fed. The composition of the drug includes potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. The drug is characterized by the absence of chlorine in its composition, which provides a positive effect on plants. Before planting seedlings, you can simply add the granules to the soil. You can also use the drug for watering plants. To do this, it is recommended to dissolve a tablespoon of top dressing in 10 liters of water. If the drug is used in liquid form, then it is necessary to use 100 milliliters for a bucket of water.
• Kemira. The use of the drug is recommended when digging the soil for seedlings. On the square meter culture it is recommended to use 150 grams of fertilizer. It is evenly scattered on the site before digging. It is also recommended to add fertilizer to the wells during the transplanting period.

Tomato seedlings need fertilizers, which will contribute to its full rooting, as well as increasing productivity.

Regular feeding

After the seedlings have taken root, top dressing cannot be stopped. In order for the culture to bloom profusely and form a large number of fruits on it, it is necessary to apply appropriate fertilizers. After planting the crop in the ground, it is recommended to use:

• BioMaster Red Giant. The use of this mineral complex fertilizer can be carried out after planting the crop in the ground and before the start of fruiting. A preparation based on potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as other substances that have a positive effect on the development and fruiting of a tomato, has been developed. With regular use of this fertilizer, a significant increase in yield is observed. Thanks to this fertilizer, tomatoes fully tolerate adverse weather. A balanced mineral complex allows tomatoes to grow quickly and develop harmoniously.
• Mortar. The production of the mineral complex is carried out under two brands - A and B. In most cases, top dressing of the crop is carried out using brand A. The composition of this fertilizer includes easily soluble nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and some additional minerals. With the help of Mortar, bushes are sprayed, as well as top dressing at the root. To prepare the fertilizer, you need to take 25 grams of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of water. It is recommended to apply 4 times a month.
• Kemira Lux. It belongs to the category of effective agrochemicals and is therefore widely used in the cultivation of tomatoes. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Also, the drug was developed on the basis of boron, iron, copper, zinc, etc. To prepare a working solution, one tablespoon of the product is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Fertilizer is applied to water plants once a week.
• Universal. It is a complex organomineral agrochemical, which includes humic substances in in large numbers. The drug is characterized by a balanced dosage of trace elements, which is positively reflected in the growth of the culture. Due to the neutral reaction of the drug during the period of its application, soil acidification is not carried out. The environmental friendliness of the drug ensures its digestibility by plants.

Tomatoes need regular feeding. For this purpose, the use of agrochemicals is recommended, which are selected and applied in accordance with the growing conditions.

Tomato fertilizer

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Step-by-step feeding of tomatoes is a traditional agricultural technique for caring for a plant, taking into account the phases of development. Indeed, many believe that tomatoes, like any other crop, in the process of their growth, development and maturation, need to be fed. Properly selected doses of mineral water, of course, satisfy all the needs of the culture in obtaining nutrients, but you need to take care not so much about the crop, but about the soil. Let's take a closer look at when and how to feed for a healthy crop and what soil fertility depends on.

Step-by-step top dressing of tomatoes depending on growing conditions

Of course, gardeners most often prefer such substances, after taking which the result is immediately visible. This is, for example, urea. After introducing it into the soil, the tomato bushes become lush, thick, beautiful, but the disease resistance and fruiting of the plant specifically suffer. Therefore, overfeeding tomatoes with nitrogen is not recommended; more attention should be paid to other elements that the tomato lacks.

Top dressing of a tomato must be carried out competently, giving it the whole complex of microelements, and then you will get a plentiful and healthy harvest. You should also be aware that the composition and amount of top dressing also depends on where the crop grows - in a greenhouse or open ground.

With the traditional approach with the use of mineral fertilizers, the return on top dressing is significantly increased if they are used in phases of development and in a balanced way. A perfect illustration of this is the harvests from narrow beds Mittlider. But you can do without them at all, gradually introducing the principles of organic farming. And since not everyone has switched to eco-farming, step-by-step instruction for feeding tomatoes will be useful to you.

Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse

A greenhouse is a completely different world than open ground. First, here you should take care of the soil in which the tomatoes will be planted. Light and fertile soil should consist of:

• sod land (1 part);
• humus (2 parts);
• sand (0.5 parts).

Add superphosphate and potassium sulfate (1 tbsp per 1 sq.m) in the fall, and urea (1 tbsp per 1 sq.m) in the spring.

Secondly, seedlings prepared for planting in a greenhouse must first (about a day before the process) be carefully fed with Epin-extra, which increases its resistance to pests and diseases, and improves the survival rate.

After the tomato seedlings have taken root in the greenhouse, foliar top dressing should begin. To do this, we recommend using Plantafol (approximately 1 tbsp per 10 liters of water). It is used in various proportions various phases development, in total it is necessary to carry out 4 top dressings:

1. 5-7 days after landing in a new place. During this period, phosphorus is important for the culture, so Plantafol is taken with its predominance in the composition (10:54:10).
2. Carry out similarly to the first.
3. For the third top dressing, Plantafol is used, which contains phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen in equal proportions. This combination will stimulate the flowering of the culture.
4. It is carried out when the fruit ovary begins in the tomato. In this case, Plantafol should have an increased content of potassium (5:15:45).

AT greenhouse conditions it is also recommended to carry out top dressing that contributes to the resistance of the tomato to diseases. The following solution is used: in a bucket of water, dilute 1 tbsp of calcium nitrate and 1 tbsp of Plantafol. Spraying is carried out twice a month.

The use of Italian Plantafol is beneficial for private traders, as it eliminates the rather laborious calculations of fertilizer doses required for a particular development phase. Of course, we also have a successful experience in the use of mineral waters - for those who are interested, be sure to find and study the adaptation of the Mittlider agricultural technology to our preparations, the author is Ugarova T. Yu. “Family vegetable growing on narrow ridges". There are convenient tables of step-by-step mineral supplements and there is no point in rewriting them.

During the growing season, top dressing of tomatoes must be carried out as follows, observing the sequence of top dressing:

1. The period of color formation. You can pick up store-bought complex fertilizers, in which case you should look at the growth phase for which this or that type of fertilizer is applicable. Or you can use folk methods: bird droppings / mullein (0.5 l) + superphosphate extract. Irrigation dosage - 1 liter in each well. To prepare the extract, take a maximum of 1.5 tablespoons of crushed fertilizer, pour 10 liters of it hot water and last for days.
2. The second time it is desirable to feed the plants when the second tomato brush blooms. Here, simply complex fertilizer is used, the dosage is observed according to the instructions.
3. It is carried out during the period when the third brush begins to bloom in the tomato. Complex fertilizers are also suitable - 1 tablespoon per 10 liters. Each plant needs to consume about 2 liters of top dressing.

But in the process of feeding there is important rule: in no case should you overfeed tomatoes - an excess of some elements also harms the plant, as well as their lack.

The problem that occurs most often is that a powerful vegetative mass prevents the fruits from growing and developing. If all of a sudden this happened, and the tomato bushes resemble thickets, emergency measures should be taken to help the fetus directly. For this, it is recommended to treat the culture with an extract of superphosphate - 1 liter for each plant. The extract concentrate for this purpose is increased - they take 3 tablespoons of fertilizer, instead of one.

Top dressing of tomatoes in the open field

Most necessary elements nutrition culture on open soils- this is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), at different periods of development, it needs certain microelements to one degree or another.

With the development of tomato fruits, phosphorus is needed, so it is especially important to add it to the soil even when seedlings are still growing. To do this, when planting seeds in a box, they use soil with the addition of superphosphate - 1 tsp per kilogram of land is enough. Nitrogen and potassium can also be added here, but in very small quantities - 1/7 tsp is enough for 1 kg of soil.

Then the tomatoes must be fed in the process of transplanting from the box into open ground. During this difficult period, the tomato needs potassium, which promotes the ovary and ripening of the fetus. Before digging a place for planting a tomato, organic matter is added to the soil - about 5 kg, 1 tablespoon of superphosphate, 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate - all this per square meter of area.

Tomatoes also perceive fertilizers such as humus and compost well - they are best applied directly to each well before planting a bush. And here is the manure for open ground can be added only when digging the earth after harvesting, i.e. in the fall, since the introduction of manure into the soil in the spring will contribute to too intensive growth of foliage, to the detriment of the fruits.

In the period from planting to fruit formation, three main root (i.e. soil) top dressings are produced:

1. Carried out at the very beginning of flowering plants. As a top dressing, watering is carried out with the following solution: for 10 liters of water you will need 0.5 liters of any infusion from organic fertilizer (chicken manure, green grass, mullein). Also during this period, an extract of superphosphate is introduced into the soil.
2. It is carried out when the flowering of a tomato appears on 2 brushes. They are fed with organic matter (exactly the same as in the first case), only 1 tbsp of complex mineral fertilizer is added to the infusion.
3. When the third brush begins to bloom at the tomato, they are fed simply with complex fertilizer - 1 tbsp is diluted in 10 liters of water.

As for foliar top dressing (i.e. spraying tomatoes), they must also be carried out, according to the following principle:

• before the formation of the fetus. During this period, tomatoes are sprinkled with infusion of urea (1 tablespoon of urea + 1 g of potassium permanganate is diluted in a bucket of water);
• After the formation of the fetus. It is recommended to spray with a solution prepared using potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium magnesia (1 tablespoon of any of them per 10 liters).

For foliar top dressing, the rule applies: the procedure should be carried out in the early morning, or in the evening, when the sun is still or no longer scorching. So top dressing will last longer on the leaves, nourishing them. Root and foliar dressings are best alternated.

Foliar top dressing of tomatoes with iodine

Recently, such a simple preparation as iodine has been used as a top dressing for a tomato. It is he, according to gardeners, that contains components that stimulate the faster formation of ovaries on the bushes and the development of the fetus. In addition, iodine also affects the number of ovaries, which become more with such top dressing.

There are two options for solutions using iodine in the composition:

• Plain iodine solution. Preparation is not difficult: 3 ml of iodine is diluted in a bucket of water. Dosage must be observed! For accuracy, you can use a syringe. Watering with iodine solution is carried out at 0.5 liters for each bush.
• Solution with serum and iodine. Whey is mainly used as a preventive measure against late blight, which affects tomatoes. For 9 parts of water, take 1 part of whey, mix well. After that, iodine is added - at the rate of 20 drops per 10 liters. Tomatoes are sprayed with this solution, not watered. The procedure is carried out 2-3 times a month, preferably in the evening, in calm, clear weather.

2-3 days after iodine treatments, it is important to shed the garden bed with some “live” preparations (EM, compost tea, weed infusion) in order to revive the microflora in the garden. But more on that later, but now let's move on to fertilizers for tomatoes without chemicals.

Folk remedies - the best organic fertilizers for tomatoes

Of course, it is best, if possible, to use as a top dressing for tomatoes. natural remedies , whose action is not inferior in efficiency to store-bought fertilizers, and in terms of "usefulness" they are clearly superior. True, the preparation of nutrient solutions according to folk methods takes more time and effort. But they are definitely worth it.

There are several really effective remedies that will give tomatoes everything they need to get healthy and bountiful harvest:

• Mullein. The basis of its preparation is fresh cow dung, which is currently not so easy to get. Manure is diluted with water (1 to 3) and left for a week, after which the mullein is ready. For direct watering of plants, mullein is bred: 1 liter of fertilizer per bucket of water. Irrigation dosage - 1 liter per hole. It is not worth overdoing it with mullein - top dressing is carried out no more than 2 times during the entire growth period.
• Infusion based on chicken manure. Too effective remedy, the preparation of fertilizer is similar to the first option. Before watering, the fertilizer is also diluted, only in a different proportion: a bucket of water requires ½ liter of infusion. In order for the tomatoes to better accept the top dressing, they should be slightly watered with plain water before the procedure.
• Wood ash. In its composition, it is very similar to a complex fertilizer, which combines calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, the lack of which the culture most often experiences. Dry ash is brought into the holes when planting tomatoes, and the beds are also sprinkled with it. But most effective top dressing will be a solution of ash. For root and foliar dressings, it is prepared in different ways:
  • For spraying, the ashes are boiled in water for half an hour. Dosage based on 100 g per liter. After the solution has cooled, it is still diluted with water - 2 liters of plain water should be used per 1 liter of concentrate. In order for the infusion to linger longer on the leaves, add a little laundry soap or other adhesive.
  • For irrigation, the ash is diluted in water at the required concentration. Do not insist, watering is carried out immediately.
• Herbal infusions. This is perhaps the most affordable top dressing for ordinary summer resident, since raw materials do not need to be searched and bought - it grows right on the site. The richer the composition of weeds for infusion, the better. All of them contain different trace elements: nettle - iron, potassium; dandelion - calcium; alfalfa - phosphorus, etc. The principle of infusion is based on the fermentation of grass in water, while 2 parts of weeds are taken for 1 part of water. The container where the preparations are made must be tightly closed. Thus, 10 days must pass, after which the fertilizer for tomatoes is ready. Immediately before watering, the concentrate must be diluted with water as 1/10. Each bush will be quite enough 1.5 liters. You should not get carried away with herbal infusions - we recommend feeding them tomatoes no more than 2 times a month.
• Yeast. Despite the fact that they do not contain any nutrients, they can serve as a plant growth stimulator - they activate soil biota. In this case, both fresh yeast (diluted in water and immediately watered) and dry yeast (dissolved in water and insisted for several hours before watering) can be used.

Of course, you can prepare a complex solution (as many summer residents do), for example, based on herbal, where to add manure, ash, superphosphate, and something else “useful” for a tomato. Such top dressing will be replete with all trace elements and nutrients, but there is a risk of overdoing it and “overfeeding” the tomatoes, which means accumulating nitrates in them. So let's look at the problem of plant nutrition from a different angle.

Why You Shouldn't Feed Tomatoes

Properly grown seedlings and a bed rich in organic matter generally almost do not need top dressing. We did not come to this immediately, of course. At first, they also stuffed the earth with chemistry. Gradually came the understanding that mineral supplements and errors in agricultural technology make dependent plants.

Think for yourself, because they simply have nowhere to go from the garden and have to absorb excess minerals. Here salts accumulate in tissues and fruits. There are more pests on such plants - soft tissues bite easier. Yes, and the fruits are stored worse. Do we need such food?

Now, if we see leaf chlorosis, then we don’t grab onto bags of fertilizers, but immediately pull out the plant and burn it, because. in 99% of cases it is affected viral infection and cannot be cured. The rest of the time, we replenish the beds with organic matter, water with weed infusions and occasionally with EMs. That is, we do not feed tomatoes, but soil workers - beneficial microbes and earthworms. We cherish them and cherish them. It is the active microflora that feeds our vegetables, not chemistry.

Ancient wisdom says: “A fool grows plants, a smart one grows soil”

Plants feed not at the expense of humus and minerals accumulated in the soil, but with the active participation of biota. These invisible cohabitants of plants, digesting food for themselves with the help of enzymes, supply nutrients in plant-available form. By replenishing the beds with organic matter and preserving the soil structure, we feed our microbe helpers (bacteria, fungi, etc.) and soil animals (earthworms, etc.). That, in fact, is why it is not necessary to feed tomatoes, but to grow fertile soil and increase plant immunity.

Step-by-step tomato nutrition still resonates with adherents traditional agricultural technology. Perhaps such care will be popular for a long time, but one should not forget about the dosages and quantities of fertilizers - overfed plants will not give a bountiful harvest. And remember that, first of all, it is not the plants that need to be fed, but the earth, so that a favorable microflora develops in it, which will provide the tomatoes with all the necessary antibiotics and nutrition.

Tomatoes are heat-loving crops, so northern regions, and often, in the temperate zone, it is preferable to grow them in a greenhouse. The fruits ripen about two weeks earlier, up to 2.5 times more harvest, the culture is less sick. At the same time, the greenhouse requires large financial and labor costs, pests multiply better in it, and tomatoes require a little more fertilizer. But, even in Siberia, it will be possible to grow your own tomatoes.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse. General remarks

Schedule for feeding tomatoes in the greenhouse. Basic scheme

Autumn tillage

Have you been preparing the soil for tomatoes since autumn?

Oh sure!Not

Backlog for nutrition of tomatoes on next year. Organic matter is introduced so that it has time to go into the most accessible form for plants. The norm is from 5 to 15 kg of rotted compost or humus per 1 sq. m. greenhouse soil.

Seedling feeding

The best food for seedlings during the period of initial growth and set of green mass is nitrogen.

Nitrogen fertilization of seedlings is carried out as follows:

1. after throwing out the first two true leaves, water with a solution of urea - 5g / 10l. water.
2. ten days later and then every ten days until planting in the ground - watering with a solution of nitrophoska (5 g / l).

When watering seedlings with nitrogen fertilizers, try not to get them on the leaves, which are still too tender and can get burned.

Fertilizers for vegetation (during fruiting)

The first top dressing in the greenhouse is carried out no earlier than two weeks after planting the seedlings and then about once every ten days. A complex mineral fertilizer is applied, with a ratio of N: P: K of approximately 2: 1: 4, which is dissolved in warm water at the rate of 30-40 g / l. It can be the same nitrophoska, Mortar, Master NPK, Red Giant, Kemira Lux, etc. In the first three decades, we add 0.5 - 0.7 liters. under a bush, in the next - about 1 liter.

In addition, it is good to add humate at the rate of 1 tsp. for 10 l. throughout the growing season. Or you can take it as an organic fertilizer, dilute it with water in a ratio of 1: 2, insist 4-5 days and dilute ten to twenty times with water before applying.

Instead of a separate application of mineral and organic fertilizers, you can apply a complex organo-mineral fertilizer every 10-15 days, for example ". For tomatoes, peppers and eggplant. Norm "Agricola" - 25g / 10l of water.

For the prevention of blossom end rot and calcium deficiency, tomatoes are treated 2-3 times per season with a solution of calcium nitrate (10-20g / 10l). Before flowering, they are applied under the root when watering. During the fruiting period, it is used as foliar top dressing by spraying.

If you notice that tomato plants have a powerful stem, abundant foliage, and few flowers and ovaries, they may have been overfed, primarily with nitrogen. In this case, it is better to skip the next complex top dressing or replace it with the introduction of only trace elements, paying special attention to boron, which stimulates flowering.

Above is presented exemplary scheme top dressing of tomatoes, it can vary depending on the characteristics of the greenhouse, soil, cultivated varieties, etc. You can develop your optimal scheme only through trial and error, practicing growing tomatoes in a greenhouse for at least a couple of years.

Tomatoes are very picky vegetable crop especially if they are grown indoors. In this case, for the full care of them, it is necessary to feed the tomatoes in the greenhouse with mineral fertilizers. And here they will need both organic and complex. In order for you to do everything right, in this article we will answer such questions - what exactly do tomatoes need, how to use it all correctly, and what should be taken into account.

Necessary micro and macro elements

In order for tomatoes to bear fruit well, they must be fed with various macro- and microelements. The most important here are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. With a lack of the first, the development of the vegetative system slows down or stops altogether, productivity decreases, leaves turn yellow and roots weaken.

If the plant lacks phosphate fertilizers, then it does not tolerate cold well and does not resist various pests. This is especially noticeable during the period of growing seedlings.

An important role is played by potassium deficiency, which occurs mainly during fruiting. Tomatoes need this element much less than others. It is necessary to improve the taste properties, strengthen the root system and stems, accelerate the formation of ovaries and leaves. Magnesium and zinc regulate photosynthesis, the process of chlorophyll formation, and it depends on molybdenum and calcium whether the leaves will curl and wrinkle.

You also need to feed the tomatoes in the greenhouse with preparations with sulfur, iron and manganese, with insufficient intake of which the stems become thin and brittle, the leaves become stiff, begin to wither and dry. Very often on tops you can find bright yellow streaks that are somewhat reminiscent of a viral mosaic.

In conditions closed ground 2 times the need for tomatoes in chlorine and calcium increases. These micro and macro elements are intensively absorbed by the plant in poor light conditions and high humidity. In case of their deficiency, the leaves are characterized by a mosaic yellow-green color and the top of the plant bends unnaturally, which may indicate the development of late blight.

Table of sources of micro and macro elements

All proposed fertilizers can be used both individually and in combination with each other. For convenience, ready-made inorganic compositions are sold - "Master", "Nitroammophoska", "Ammophos", "Tseovit", "Valagro Benefit", "Kelik Potassium" and many others. others

When to Use - Fertilization Order

It is necessary to divide the work into 4 stages:

1. Before planting in the soil, it is abundantly watered and fertilized with a mixture of ash and manure. Then, when the earth dries out, it is well dug up. A week later, the first feeding of tomatoes is carried out after planting in the greenhouse under the roots. At this time, you can use urea and ammonium nitrate. Dissolve 2 tsp in a bucket of water. each component.

Ammonium nitrate is an essential component of foliar and root dressings

1. The second time fertilizers are applied 2 weeks after the first feeding. Potassium sulfate diluted in 10 liters of water will be useful here. After another 5 days, the following composition should be poured under the roots:

• 15 liters of cooled boiling water;
• 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate;
• 2 tbsp. l. wood ash.

1. After the start of flowering, it is recommended to spray the bushes with such a solution:

• 10 liters of water;
• 2 tsp sodium humate powder;
• 2 tbsp. l. nitrophoska.

For 1 sq. m will need about 5 liters of the composition. Then a break is made until the time when the first fruits appear. At this point, you should use "green" organic matter - an infusion of herbs. To prepare it, pour comfrey, ranunculus, dandelion or any other plants with a total weight of 1 kg with boiling water and let them stand for 2-3 days. Stir the mass every day, and when it ferments, strain it and pour the solution over the wells.

1. After the start of fruiting, the application of mineral fertilizers under the roots remains relevant. You can see what exactly is suitable here in the table a little higher. To strengthen the plant and increase its resistance to diseases, it is useful to use iodine (40 drops) 2-3 times a month in combination with 1 liter of serum and 1 tsp. hydrogen peroxide. This composition and sprayed bushes.

How to feed

Ready-made preparations help well for watering the soil during the growing season. One of these is "Fitosporin-M", designed for soil disinfection. Such top dressing of tomatoes in a greenhouse made of polycarbonate and other materials prevents the development powdery mildew, root rot, black leg and other diseases. For this purpose, 3 tsp are diluted in 10 liters of water. powder, the resulting volume is enough to process an area of ​​\u200b\u200b50 square meters. m.

Foliar

In case of boron deficiency at any stage, spray the bushes with water (10 l), in which 2 g is diluted boric acid. With the same composition, you can wipe the leaves and water the soil, before that it is heated in the sun. For additional food and protection against phytophthora, iodine is suitable, 10 drops of which are added to 10 liters of water.

Iodine can also be used in the following way - hang vials with it over plants - the vapors of this drug destroy microbes in the greenhouse. In order not to suffer yourself, you can not stay in this room for more than an hour in one visit.

During flowering, it is useful to spray the bushes with an infusion of wood ash, it (250 g) is poured hot water(3 l) and leave for a day. The next day, the precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting solution is diluted with water (1:1). 1-2 such procedures are enough before fruiting begins.

For leaf feeding, a solution of:

• boric acid (5 g),
• zinc sulfate (3 g),
• copper sulfate (2 g).

It is used to wipe the leaves with a cotton pad. It is quite possible to spray the bushes with the same composition. The number of such procedures should not exceed 1 time per month.

For the active development of shoots and leaves, top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse with urea is necessary, but it is possible only at the flowering stage. Bushes are treated with a 0.5% solution (50 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). This volume is enough to spray 100 square meters. m plantings of tomatoes.

With a lack of calcium, calcium nitrate is useful, 7 g of which is diluted in 10 liters of water. Ready-made fertilizer can be used to wipe the leaves or spray the tops before the fruit appears; one bush requires about 1 liter. Usually 2-3 treatments during the flowering period are sufficient.

After planting seedlings, it is advisable to spray it ammonium nitrate, diluted with water at the rate of 40 g per 10 liters. In the flowering phase, the concentration increases by 0.2%, and during the fruiting period it is already 0.9%. In total, 3 such procedures are required at the specified time, it is recommended to combine them with the introduction of chicken manure into the wells.

VIDEO: Simple and inexpensive recipes for feeding tomatoes

Root top dressing

For this, both ready-made preparations and mineral fertilizers are suitable.

Microfertilizers:

It is produced in dry form and is relevant only in the first month after planting seedlings. Application rate - 25 g per square. m in a greenhouse. The granules are placed around the hole, sprinkled with earth and watered.

• Fertika Lux

The preparation (20 g) is dissolved in 10 l of water. To help him, it is enough to water the soil with them once a week. You can not combine this method with the use of organic!

• Fertika Crystalon

Consumption rates - 25 g per medium-sized bucket of water. This volume is enough for top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse to be carried out on 20 square meters. m of landing area. It is carried out throughout the growing season with an interval of 10 days.

• Good Power #2

It is used in its pure form for spraying and watering the soil. The composition contains boron, iron, molybdenum, manganese and other macro- and microelements, due to which plant growth is actively stimulated. Don't use it more than once a month.

• Aquarin vegetable

The first watering is carried out with a 0.05% solution 15 days after planting the seedlings, and the next, two more, with an interval of 3 weeks. Here the concentration should be increased by 2 times.

From mineral fertilizers, once a month it is recommended to use mullein, which (1 l) is diluted in water (10 l), mixed and poured under the roots of the bush. After that, you can water the earth the very next day. Dry manure also helps, it is evenly distributed over the beds and left to decompose.

To strengthen the root part, accelerate photosynthesis and improve the taste of fruits, several different fertilizers can be combined. Here are the best recipes:

1. In the mullein infusion (1 l), add nitrophoska (20 g).
2. Combine 8 g of potassium sulfate, 15 g of superphosphate and 0.3 l of chicken manure infusion.
3. Mix 200 g of wood ash, 0.7 l of liquid mullein and 20 g of superphosphate.
4. In 1 liter of infusion of any herbs, add 5 g blue vitriol and 250 ml of ash.

The prepared compositions are poured directly under the roots of the plant using a ladle in the morning or evening. It is extremely important that when the tomatoes are fed in a greenhouse made of polycarbonate or other material, the day is not very sunny, but it is not expected to rain either. The number of procedures - no more than 2 per month.

The number of applications of root dressing can be increased up to 5 times in 2 months if the bush is affected by aphids and other pests.

Special attention deserves the feeding of tomatoes with yeast, which can be carried out no earlier than 10 days after transplanting seedlings into the ground. To do this, follow this recipe - combine dry yeast (10 g), chicken manure (0.3 l), water (8 l) and sugar - 25 g. Since this composition cannot be used in its pure form, dilute it 1 to 10 with water and using a watering can with a strainer, pour the fertilizer in a circle. It is a great growth stimulant! If necessary, repeat the procedure after 2 weeks. This time, double the amount of chicken manure.

Fertilizing yeast and sugar for tomatoes can be even more beneficial if ascorbic acid is added to the mixture - only 2 grams per solution

And last option- dig near the bush dolomite flour. For 1 weave with an acidity of less than 4.5%, 20 kg is enough. Fertilizer is distributed around the plant and immersed to a depth of about 5 cm. Note that the more acidic the soil, the more it is needed.

Now you also know how proper feeding tomatoes in a greenhouse, what is needed for it and how to combine it all correctly. Such a procedure should definitely be included in the care of greenhouse tomatoes, because growing them in conditions of low light, high humidity, lower temperatures, they need much more of your attention and care. This is the only way to please yourself with a truly good and tasty harvest!

VIDEO: The secret of productive tomatoes

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse makes it possible to harvest a month and a half earlier than usual. Greenhouse conditions do not correspond to open ground conditions, so it is worth considering all possible problems that lie in wait for novice gardeners when working in a greenhouse.

The first and main condition good growth and fruiting - this is top dressing of tomatoes in a greenhouse. It can be carried out with organic and mineral fertilizers.

If you grow tomatoes for your family, then most often people prefer organic. If for sale, then mineral mixtures are used to save product costs. The best option is to combine one and the other. This makes it possible to control the quality of the soil so that it does not peroxide.

Among the mineral mixtures there are very useful fertilizers that are difficult to find in organic matter. Therefore, it is simply necessary to combine dressings for tomatoes in a greenhouse so that there is a good harvest, and the tomatoes are plump.

Needs of greenhouse tomatoes

Like all fruit-bearing plants, tomatoes in a greenhouse need nitrogen, potash and phosphorus fertilizers. Use them in different periods of vegetation and pouring fruits. Having missed one stage, then it is very difficult to increase the number of ovaries, increase the green mass or restore the root system.

Therefore, all stages must be passed in turn, controlling the appearance of plants, which can say a lot experienced gardener, but it will be difficult for beginners to notice something was wrong the first time.

Greenhouse plants are more susceptible to disease due to micronutrient deficiencies. Do not ignore the tips that relate to foliar spraying. This will protect tomato bushes from fungal diseases and prolong the fruiting period.

Video: Full cycle growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

The fungus begins its activity in the warm season, most often in the middle of summer. At this time, there is a peak incidence of tomatoes. If measures are not taken, by the autumn there will be no healthy bushes and fruits. How to feed tomatoes in July in a greenhouse to avoid damage to fruits and greens, read below.

The acidity of greenhouse soil is the number one problem. How to fertilize tomatoes in a greenhouse so that the quality of the soil does not change, and it is not necessary to completely change the soil due to a bacterial or fungal disease?

Tomatoes do not like to be near cucumbers because they have different needs for watering and air humidity. Growing both crops in the same greenhouse means not getting a single good harvest.

Growing seedlings on schedule

Seedlings begin to grow in March, so that by the time the heat comes, it can get stronger and gain weight. hybrid seeds unsuitable for replanting. It makes no sense to collect them from the previous harvest. Ordinary seeds are taken and a number of procedures are carried out to determine the quality:

• soaking

• germination;

• germination monitoring;

• culling of weak shoots.

Weak shoots should not be spared. Nothing worthwhile will grow out of them anyway, and they will occupy a place in the greenhouse and take food from good bushes.

Preplant seed treatment

Seeds can be processed in several ways:

• in soda solution. Dissolve 10 g of the substance in 1 liter of water and leave the seeds for a day.

• AT succinic acid. 15 g per liter of water. Also soak and leave for a day.

• In a solution of potassium permanganate. In a 1% solution, put the seeds for 20 minutes. Then rinse and you can plant.

• In hydrogen peroxide. For half an hour, put the seeds in a 2% solution. Then rinse clean water and drop off.

There is another way to check seeds for quality. Put a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water and stir. The seeds are dipped into the solution, allowed to stand. The bad ones float - they can be thrown away. The rest can be checked further by the methods described above.

Pre-planting treatment helps to destroy mold and fungus spores, as well as bacteria.

Germination

You need to germinate seeds on cotton fabric in a container, on the bottom of which water is poured. Ambient temperature should be 25 degrees. Good sprouts appear after 7 days. Those that are late can be thrown away. The first ones don't work either. The bulk can be transplanted into a container.

If ordinary soil is used, then you can immediately pour it with a weak solution of mineral fertilizer, which contains full complex- nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.

picking

You need to plant tomatoes with the appearance of 2 - 3 leaves. Do not be afraid of this procedure - the more transplants are made, the stronger the bushes will be. In larger containers, bushes first take root for 7 to 10 days.

Then you can feed further. Come to the fore nitrogen fertilizers. It could be urea 5 g per 10 liters of water. Water carefully so that the solution does not get on the leaves. Nitrogen contributes to the set of green mass and the strengthening of the plant.

Landing in a greenhouse

How to feed the tomatoes after planting in the greenhouse depends on the availability of fertilizers - organic or mineral. If the farm has manure or chicken droppings, you can make an infusion. AT fresh these substances cannot be used - they contain too much ammonia, which will burn the roots in one day.

The container is filled chicken manure half, fill with water and insist 10 days, stirring. for watering each liter is diluted with water 1/20. Mullein is prepared in the same way, but for irrigation, dilute 1/15.

Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse is carried out no earlier than 2 weeks after planting. What fertilizers and when to use to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse depends on:

• from the timing of the formation of ovaries;

• on the rate of green mass gain;

• from appearance formed fruits and the rate of their ripening.

Important! You can not water the tomatoes abundantly. They cannot tolerate excessive moisture and may start to hurt.

Organic fertilizers for greenhouse tomatoes

Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse is carried out with organic matter - fresh or prepared. Fresh manure or chicken droppings are the most valuable and nutritious substances, but they cannot be applied in the spring - they are extremely aggressive towards the root system of plants.

Wood ash contains phosphorus, which helps roots form, so it can be used right before planting. Compost requires a long preparation - it must be laid one year before the proposed introduction into the ground.

Ash

The product of combustion of wood or plant residues - haulm, grass, hay, corn stalks or sunflower. Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse with ash helps to strengthen the roots, which is important for the further nutrition of plants - nitrogen and potassium. If there is not enough phosphorus in the soil, the bushes will not be able to gain green mass due to an underdeveloped root system.

For 10 liters of water, 2 cups of ash is enough. You need to insist a week and you can water. When using an ash solution, top dressing with microelements may not be necessary, since the ash itself contains almost all the substances needed in small quantities.

fresh manure

Fresh manure or chicken manure can be applied to greenhouse soil in the fall after harvest. Fresh organic fertilizer for tomatoes in the greenhouse, it should be overheated, excess ammonia will disappear. This is helped by soil bacteria, the number of which, if desired, can be increased by adding Baikal EM-1 concentrate to the soil.

Manure has one drawback - it lacks phosphorus. Therefore, along with manure, it is worth adding superphosphate or phosphate rock.

A good neighbor to manure will be bone or fishmeal, which dissolves in the soil. within 8 months. All this time gradually allocates useful material into the ground. Dosages manure per square meter - 5 - 6 kg. Bone meal - 200 g.

Compost

The best organic fertilizer than you can feed tomatoes in a greenhouse is compost. True, it takes a long time to prepare - about a year. To do this, soil, manure, plant residues, kitchen waste, and bread are stacked in layers (preferably ventilated).

Compost can be applied to the soil for digging before planting tomato seedlings, in the fall after harvesting.

Mineral mixtures - names, successful combinations

The most affordable and economical fertilizers for tomatoes in a greenhouse are mineral mixtures. There are one-component, two-component and complex.

They try to grow in greenhouses hybrid varieties tomatoes, which require more phosphorus-potassium nutrition. In this case, one organic matter may not be enough and the pulp of tomatoes will change its consistency. If during the fruiting period the plant lacks potassium, then the pulp will look something like this.

Hard white veins will appear and it will not be easy to chew such a vegetable. It's not so much about potassium, but about phosphorus, without which root system gradually dries out and cannot absorb potassium, which affects the pouring of fruits. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the amount of potassium and phosphorus.

Top dressing of a tomato in July in a greenhouse is carried out:

• superphosphates - phosphorus content 26%;

• potassium magnesia - potassium content 26%, magnesium - 18%;

• complex phosphorus-potassium fertilizers - "Autumn", "AVA".

The summer-autumn period is just the case when it makes sense to add to mineral fertilizers organic, or vice versa. The record holders for the content of phosphorus and potassium are wood ash and bone meal. To prevent a lack of potassium and phosphorus, one of the substances must be introduced into the soil during flowering.

They do not spoil the soil, and the benefits to the plants will be tangible. In addition, they have the necessary calcium to improve the taste of tomatoes and form the consistency of the pulp. This element was undeservedly transferred to the category of trace elements. It requires much more than other microfertilizers.

Diseases of greenhouse plants

Each fruiting season, gardeners face a problem and a question: tomatoes grow poorly in a greenhouse - how to feed them. If before that everything was done correctly, according to the schedule, but the plants do not look good (some of them), then the disease begins. Most likely fungal. It is necessary to inspect the bushes and urgently remove the damaged ones before they infect all the others.