Do-it-yourself physical device project. Topic: Do-it-yourself physics instruments and simple experiments with them Do-it-yourself device for demonstrating physical phenomena
Burdenkov Semyon and Burdenkov Yuri
Making a device with your own hands is not only a creative process that encourages you to show your ingenuity and ingenuity. In addition, during the manufacturing process, and even more so when demonstrating it in front of a class or the whole school, the manufacturer receives a lot of positive emotions. The use of home-made devices in the classroom develops a sense of responsibility and pride in the work done, proves its importance.
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Municipal state educational institution
Kukuy basic comprehensive school №25
Project
Do-it-yourself physical device
Completed by: 8th grade student
MKOU OOSH №25
Burdenkov Yu.
Head: Davydova G.A.,
Physics teacher.
- Introduction.
- Main part.
- Purpose of the device;
- tools and materials;
- Device manufacturing;
- General view of the device;
- Conclusion.
- Bibliography.
- Introduction.
In order to put necessary experience, you need to have devices and measuring tools. And do not think that all devices are made in factories. In many cases, research facilities are built by the researchers themselves. At the same time, it is considered that the researcher who can put experience and get good results not only on complex, but also on more simple appliances. Complex equipment is reasonable to use only in cases where it is impossible to do without it. So do not neglect home-made devices - it is much more useful to make them yourself than to use purchased ones.
GOAL:
Make a device, installation in physics for demonstration physical phenomena with your own hands.
Explain the principle of operation of this device. Demonstrate the operation of this device.
TASKS:
Make devices that are of great interest to students.
Make devices missing from the laboratory.
Make devices that cause difficulty in understanding theoretical material in physics.
HYPOTHESIS:
The made device, installation in physics for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands, apply in the lesson.
In the absence of this device in the physical laboratory, this device will be able to replace the missing installation when demonstrating and explaining the topic.
- Main part.
- Purpose of the device.
The device is designed to observe the expansion of air and liquid when heated.
- Tools and materials.
Ordinary bottle, rubber stopper, glass tube, outside diameter which is 5-6 mm. Drill.
- Device manufacturing.
Make a hole in the cork with a drill so that the tube fits snugly into it. Next, pour tinted water into the bottle to make it easier to observe. We put a scale on the neck. Then insert the cork into the bottle so that the tube in the bottle is below the water level. The device is ready for the experiment!
- General view of the device.
- Features of the demonstration of the device.
To demonstrate the device, you need to grab the neck of the bottle with your hand and wait a while. We will see that the water starts to rise up the tube. This happens because the hand heats the air in the bottle. When heated, the air expands, presses on the water and displaces it. The experiment can be done with different amounts of water, and you will find that the level of rise will be different. If the bottle is completely filled with water, then you can already observe the expansion of water when heated. To verify this, you need to lower the bottle into a vessel with hot water.
- Conclusion.
It is interesting to watch the experience conducted by the teacher. Conducting it yourself is doubly interesting.
And to conduct an experiment with a device made and designed by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. In such experiments, it is easy to establish a relationship and draw a conclusion about how a given installation works.
- Literature.
1. Teaching equipment in physics in high school. Edited by A.A. Pokrovsky "Enlightenment" 1973
slide 1
Topic: Do-it-yourself physics instruments and simple experiments with them.
The work was completed by: 9th grade student - Davydov Roma Supervisor: physics teacher - Khovrich Lyubov Vladimirovna
Novouspenka - 2008
slide 2
Make a device, installation in physics to demonstrate physical phenomena with your own hands. Explain the principle of operation of this device. Demonstrate the operation of this device.
slide 3
HYPOTHESIS:
The made device, installation in physics for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands, apply in the lesson. In the absence of this device in the physical laboratory, this device will be able to replace the missing installation when demonstrating and explaining the topic.
slide 4
Make devices that are of great interest to students. Make devices missing from the laboratory. to make devices that cause difficulty in understanding theoretical material in physics.
slide 5
Forced vibrations.
With uniform rotation of the handle, we see that the action of a periodically changing force will be transmitted to the load through the spring. Changing with a frequency equal to the frequency of rotation of the handle, this force will cause the load to make forced oscillations. Resonance is a phenomenon of a sharp increase in the amplitude of forced oscillations.
slide 6
Forced vibrations
Slide 7
EXPERIENCE 2: Jet Propulsion
We will install a funnel on a tripod in the ring, attach a tube with a tip to it. Pour water into the funnel, and when the water starts to flow from the end, the tube will deviate in the opposite direction. This is jet propulsion. Jet motion is the movement of a body that occurs when a part of it separates from it at any speed.
Slide 8
Jet propulsion
Slide 9
EXPERIMENT 3: Sound waves.
Clamp a metal ruler in a vise. But it is worth noting that if most of the ruler acts as a vise, then, having caused its vibrations, we will not hear the waves generated by it. But if we shorten the protruding part of the ruler and thereby increase the frequency of its oscillations, then we will hear generated elastic waves, propagating in the air, as well as inside liquid and solid bodies, are not visible. However, when certain conditions they can be heard.
Slide 10
Sound waves.
slide 11
Experience 4: Coin in a bottle
Coin in a bottle. Want to see the law of inertia in action? Prepare a half-liter milk bottle, a cardboard ring 25 mm wide and 0 100 mm wide and a two-kopeck coin. Place the ring on the neck of the bottle, and put a coin on top exactly opposite the opening of the bottle neck (Fig. 8). Inserting a ruler into the ring, hit it on the ring. If you do this abruptly, the ring will fly off and the coin will fall into the bottle. The ring moved so fast that its movement did not have time to be transferred to the coin and, according to the law of inertia, it remained in place. And having lost support, the coin fell down. If the ring is moved aside more slowly, the coin will “feel” this movement. The trajectory of its fall will change, and it will not fall into the neck of the bottle.
slide 12
Coin in a bottle
slide 13
Experience 5: A floating ball
When you blow, a jet of air lifts the balloon above the tube. But the air pressure inside the jet is less than the pressure of the “calm” air surrounding the jet. Therefore, the ball is in a kind of air funnel, the walls of which are formed by ambient air. By smoothly reducing the speed of the jet from the upper hole, it is easy to “land” the ball in its original place. For this experiment, you will need an L-shaped tube, such as glass, and a light foam ball. Close the top opening of the tube with a ball (Fig. 9) and blow into the side opening. Contrary to expectation, the ball will not fly off the tube, but will begin to hover above it. Why is this happening?
Slide 14
floating ball
slide 15
Experience 6: The movement of the body along the "dead loop"
"Using the "dead loop" device, you can demonstrate a number of experiments on the dynamics of a material point along a circle. The demonstration is carried out in the following order: 1. The ball is rolled along the rails from the highest point of the inclined rails, where it is held by an electromagnet powered by 24V. loop and flies out at a certain speed from the other end of the device 2. The ball is rolled from the lowest height when the ball only describes the loop without breaking off top point her 3. From an even lower height, when the ball, not reaching the top of the loop, breaks away from it and falls, describing a parabola in the air inside the loop.
slide 16
The movement of the body along the "dead loop"
Slide 17
Experience 7: Air is hot and air is cold
On the neck of an ordinary half-liter bottle, pull balloon(Fig. 10). Place the bottle in a pot of hot water. The air inside the bottle will begin to heat up. The molecules of the gases that make up it will move faster and faster as the temperature rises. They will bombard the walls of the bottle and the ball more strongly. The air pressure inside the bottle will begin to rise and the balloon will inflate. After a while, move the bottle into a saucepan with cold water. The air in the bottle will begin to cool, the movement of molecules will slow down, and the pressure will drop. The balloon will shrink as if the air has been sucked out of it. This is how you can see the dependence of air pressure on ambient temperature
Slide 18
The air is hot and the air is cold
Slide 19
Experiment 8: Stretching a rigid body
Taking the foam bar by the ends, stretch it. One can clearly see the increase in the distances between the molecules. It is also possible to imitate the occurrence in this case of intermolecular forces of attraction.
DIY Tesla Coil. The resonant Tesla transformer is a very spectacular invention. Nikola Tesla was well aware of how spectacular the device was, and he constantly demonstrated it in public. Why do you think? That's right: to get additional funding.
You can feel like a great scientist and impress your friends by making your own mini-coil. You will need: a capacitor, a small light bulb, wire and a few other simple parts. However, remember that the Tesla resonant transformer produces high voltage high frequency - read the technical safety rules, otherwise the effect may turn into a defect.
Potato gun. An air gun that shoots potatoes? Easily! This is not a particularly dangerous project (unless you decide to make a giant and very powerful potato weapon). potato gun - great way fun for those who love engineering and petty hooliganism. The super weapon is pretty straightforward to make - you'll need an empty aerosol can and a couple of other parts that aren't hard to find.
High power toy machine. Remember children's toy machines - bright, with different functions, bang-bang, oh-oh-oh? The only thing that many boys lacked was to shoot a little further and a little harder. Well, we'll fix that.
Toy machines are made of rubber to be as safe as possible. Of course, the manufacturers made sure that the pressure in such pistols is minimal and cannot harm anyone. But some craftsmen still found a way to add power to children's weapons: you just need to get rid of the details that slow down the process. From what and how - says the experimenter from the video.
Drone with your own hands. Many people think of a drone only as a large unmanned aerial vehicle. aircraft used during military operations in the Middle East. This is a misconception: drones are becoming a daily occurrence, in most cases they are small, and it is not so difficult to make them at home.
Parts for a "homemade" drone are easy to obtain, and you don't have to be an engineer to assemble it entirely - although, of course, you will have to tinker. The average handmade drone consists of a small main body, a few additional parts (you can buy it or find it from other devices) and electronic equipment for remote control. Yes, a special pleasure is to equip a finished drone with a camera.
Theremin- music magnetic field. This mysterious electric musical instrument is of interest not only (and not so much?) to musicians, but to mad scientists. An unusual device, invented by a Soviet inventor in 1920, you can assemble at home. Imagine: you just move your hands (of course, with the languid air of a scientist-musician), and the instrument makes “otherworldly” sounds!
Learning to masterfully control the theremin is not easy, but the result is worth it. Sensor, transistor, speaker, resistor, power supply, a couple more details, and you're good to go! Here's what it looks like.
If you do not feel confident in English, watch a Russian-language video on how to make a theremin from three radios.
Remote controlled robot. Well, who has not dreamed of a robot? Yes, and his own assembly! True, a fully autonomous robot will require serious titles and efforts, but a robot with remote control it is quite possible to create from improvised materials. For example, the robot in the video is made of foam, wood, a small motor, and a battery. This "pet" under your leadership freely moves around the apartment, overcoming even uneven surfaces. A little creativity and you can give it such appearance whichever you like.
Plasma ball must have grabbed your attention. It turns out that you do not need to spend money on its acquisition, but you can gain confidence in yourself and do it yourself. Yes, at home it will be small, but still one touch to the surface will make it discharge with beautiful multi-colored "lightning bolts".
Main Ingredients: induction coil, incandescent lamp and capacitor. Be sure to follow safety precautions - a spectacular device works under voltage.
solar powered radio- A great device for lovers of long hikes. Don't throw away your old radio: just plug it in solar battery, and you will become independent of batteries and sources of power other than the sun.
This is what a solar-powered radio looks like.
segway today incredibly popular, but considered an expensive toy. You can save a lot by spending only a few hundred instead of a thousand dollars, adding to them own forces and time, and make a Segway yourself. This is not an easy task, but it is quite real! It is interesting that today Segways are used not only as entertainment - in the United States they are used by postal workers, golfers and, which is especially striking, experienced Steadicam operators.
You can get acquainted with a detailed almost hour-long instruction - however, it is in English.
If you doubt that you understood everything correctly, below is the instruction in Russian - to get a general idea.
non-newtonian fluid allows you to do many fun experiments. It's completely safe and fun. A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose viscosity depends on the nature of the external influence. It can be made by mixing water with starch (one to two). Think it's easy? It wasn't there. "Tricks" non-newtonian fluid begin already in the process of its creation. Further more.
If you take it in a handful, it will look like mounting foam. If you start tossing, it will move like a living thing. Relax your hand and it will start to spread. Clench into a fist - it will become hard. It "dances" when you bring it to powerful speakers, but you can also dance on it if you stir enough to do so. In general, it is better to see once!
MOU "Secondary school No. 2" p. Babynino
Babyninsky district, Kaluga region
X research conference
"Gifted children are the future of Russia"
DIY Physics Project
Prepared by the students
7 "B" class Larkova Victoria
7 "B" class Kalinicheva Maria
Head Kochanova E.V.
Babynino village, 2018
Table of contents
Introduction page 3
Theoretical part p.5
experimental part
Fountain model p.6
Communicating vessels page 9
Conclusion page 11
References page 13
Introduction
In that academic year we plunged into the world of a very complex but interesting science, necessary for every person. From the first lessons, physics fascinated us, we wanted to learn more and more new things. Physics is not only physical quantities, formulas, laws, but also experiments. Physical experiments can be done with anything: pencils, glasses, coins, plastic bottles.
Physics is an experimental science, so the creation of devices with your own hands contributes to a better assimilation of laws and phenomena. Many different questions arise in the study of each topic. The teacher, of course, can answer them, but how interesting and exciting it is to get the answers yourself, especially using hand-made devices.
Relevance:
The manufacture of devices not only contributes to an increase in the level of knowledge, but is one of the ways to activate cognitive and project activities students in the study of physics in elementary school. On the other hand, such work serves good example socially useful work: well-done homemade appliances can significantly replenish the equipment of the school office. It is possible and necessary to make devices on the spot on your own. Home-made devices have another value: their manufacture, on the one hand, develops practical skills and abilities of the teacher and students, and on the other hand, it testifies to creative work.Target:
Make a device, installation in physics for demonstration physical experiments with their own hands, explain its principle of operation, demonstrate the operation of the device.
Tasks:
1. Study scientific and popular literature.
2. Learn to apply scientific knowledge to explain physical phenomena.
3. Make devices at home and demonstrate their work.
4. Replenishment of the physics classroom with home-made devices made from improvised materials.
Hypothesis: The made device, installation in physics for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands, apply in the lesson.
Project product: do-it-yourself devices, demonstration of experiments.
Project result: the interest of students, the formation of their idea that physics as a science is not divorced from real life, development of motivation for learning physics.
Research methods: analysis, observation, experiment.
The work was carried out according to the following scheme:
The study of information from various sources on this issue.
The choice of research methods and practical mastery of them.
Collection of own material - acquisition of improvised materials, conducting experiments.
Analysis and formulation of conclusions.
I . Main part
Physics is the science of nature. It studies phenomena that occur both in space, and in the bowels of the earth, and on earth, and in the atmosphere - in a word, everywhere. Such phenomena are called physical phenomena. When observing an unfamiliar phenomenon, physicists try to understand how and why it occurs. If, for example, a phenomenon occurs quickly or is rare in nature, physicists tend to see it as many times as necessary in order to identify the conditions under which it occurs and establish the corresponding patterns. If possible, scientists reproduce the phenomenon under study in a specially equipped room - a laboratory. They try not only to consider the phenomenon, but also to make measurements. All this scientists - physicists call experience or experiment.
We got excited about the idea - to make devices with our own hands. Conducting our scientific fun at home, we developed the main actions that allow you to successfully conduct the experiment:
Home experiments must meet the following requirements:
Safety during the conduct;
Minimum material costs;
Ease of implementation;
Value in the study and understanding of physics.
We have conducted several experiments on various topics of the 7th grade physics course. Let's present some of them, interesting and at the same time easy to implement.
Experimental part.
fountain model
Target: Show the simplest model fountain
Equipment:
A large plastic bottle - 5 liters, a small plastic bottle - 0.6 liters, a cocktail tube, a piece of plastic.
The course of the experiment
We bend the tube at the base with the letter G.
Fix with a small piece of plastic.
AT three liter bottle cut out a small hole.
Cut off the bottom of a small bottle.
We fix the small bottle in the large one with a cap, as shown in the photo.
Insert the tube into the cap of a small bottle. Fix with plasticine.
In the lid big bottle cut a hole.
Pour into a bottle of water.
Let's watch the flow of water.
Result : observe the formation of a fountain of water.
Conclusion: The pressure of the liquid column in the bottle acts on the water in the tube. How more water in a bottle, the larger the fountain will be, since the pressure depends on the height of the liquid column.
Communicating vessels
Equipment: upper parts from plastic bottles different sections, rubber tube.
Cut off the upper parts of plastic bottles, 15-20 cm high.
We connect the parts together with a rubber tube.
The course of the experiment No. 1
Target : show the location of the surface of a homogeneous liquid in communicating vessels.
1. Pour water into one of the resulting vessels.
2. We see that the water in the vessels was at the same level.
Conclusion: in communicating vessels of any shape, the surfaces of a homogeneous liquid are set at the same level (provided that the air pressure above the liquid is the same).
The course of the experiment No. 2
1. Let's observe the behavior of the water surface in vessels filled with different liquids. Pour the same amount of water and detergent into communicating vessels.
2. We see that the liquids in the vessels were at different levels.
Conclusion : in communicating vessels, heterogeneous liquids are installed at different levels.
Conclusion
It is interesting to watch the experience conducted by the teacher. Conducting it yourself is doubly interesting.The experiment carried out with a device made by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. Such experiences help to better understand the material, establish relationships and draw the right conclusions.
Among seventh grade students, we conducted a survey and found out whether physics lessons with experiments are more interesting, our classmates would like to make a device with their own hands. The results came out like this:
Most students believe that physics lessons become more interesting with experiments.
More than half of the classmates surveyed would like to make instruments for physics lessons.
We liked to make homemade devices, to conduct experiments. There are so many interesting things in the world of physics, so in the future we will:
Continue the study of this interesting science;
Conduct new experiments.
Bibliography
1. L. Galperstein "Funny Physics", Moscow, "Children's Literature", 1993.
Teaching equipment for physics in high school. Edited by A.A. Pokrovsky "Enlightenment", 2014
2. Textbook on physics by A. V. Peryshkina, E. M. Gutnik "Physics" for grade 7; 2016
3. ME AND. Perelman "Entertaining tasks and experiments", Moscow, "Children's Literature", 2015.
4. Physics: Reference materials: O.F. Kabardin Textbook for students. - 3rd ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2014
5.//class-fizika.spb.ru/index.php/opit/659-op-davsif
In school physics lessons, teachers always say that physical phenomena are everywhere in our lives. We just often forget about it. Meanwhile, the amazing is near! Do not think that you will need something supernatural to organize physical experiments at home. And here's some evidence for you ;)
magnetic pencil
What needs to be prepared?
- battery.
- Thick pencil.
- Copper insulated wire with a diameter of 0.2-0.3 mm and a length of several meters (the more the better).
- Scotch.
Conducting experience
Wind the wire tightly turn to turn on the pencil, not reaching its edges by 1 cm. One row is over - wind the other from above into reverse side. And so on, until all the wire is finished. Do not forget to leave two ends of the wire 8–10 cm each free. To prevent the turns from unwinding after winding, secure them with tape. Strip the free ends of the wire and connect them to the battery contacts.
What happened?
Got a magnet! Try to bring small iron objects to it - a paper clip, a hairpin. Are attracted!
Lord of the water
What needs to be prepared?
- A stick made of plexiglass (for example, a student's ruler or an ordinary plastic comb).
- A dry cloth made of silk or wool (for example, a wool sweater).
Conducting experience
Open the faucet so that a thin stream of water flows. Rub the stick or comb vigorously on the prepared cloth. Quickly bring the wand close to the stream of water without touching it.
What will happen?
A jet of water will be bent by an arc, being attracted to the stick. Try the same with two sticks and see what happens.
spinning top
What needs to be prepared?
- Paper, needle and eraser.
- A stick and a dry woolen cloth from a previous experience.
Conducting experience
You can manage not only water! Cut a strip of paper 1-2 cm wide and 10-15 cm long, bend along the edges and in the middle, as shown in the figure. Insert the needle with the pointed end into the eraser. Balance the workpiece-top on the needle. Prepare a "magic wand", rub it on a dry cloth and bring it to one of the ends of the paper strip from the side or top, without touching it.
What will happen?
The strip will swing up and down like a swing, or it will spin like a carousel. And if you can cut a butterfly out of thin paper, then the experience will be even more interesting.
Ice and fire
(the experiment is carried out on a sunny day)
What needs to be prepared?
- A small cup with a round bottom.
- A piece of dry paper.
Conducting experience
Pour into a cup of water and place in the freezer. When the water turns to ice, remove the cup and place it in a bowl of hot water. After a while, the ice will separate from the cup. Now go out to the balcony, put a piece of paper on the stone floor of the balcony. With a piece of ice, focus the sun on a piece of paper.
What will happen?
The paper should be charred, because in the hands it is no longer just ice ... Did you guess that you made a magnifying glass?
Wrong mirror
What needs to be prepared?
- Transparent jar with a tight-fitting lid.
- Mirror.
Conducting experience
Pour excess water into a jar and close the lid to prevent air bubbles from getting inside. Place the jar upside down on a mirror. Now you can look in the mirror.
Zoom in on your face and look inside. There will be a thumbnail. Now start tilting the jar to the side without lifting it from the mirror.
What will happen?
The reflection of your head in the jar, of course, will also tilt until it is turned upside down, while the legs will not be visible. Pick up the jar and the reflection will flip again.
Bubble Cocktail
What needs to be prepared?
- Glass with strong mortar table salt.
- Battery from a flashlight.
- two pieces copper wire about 10 cm long.
- Fine sandpaper.
Conducting experience
Clean the ends of the wire with fine sandpaper. Connect one end of the wires to each pole of the battery. Dip the free ends of the wires into a glass of solution.
What happened?
Bubbles will rise near the lowered ends of the wire.
Lemon battery
What needs to be prepared?
- Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
- Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2–0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
- Steel paper clip.
- Bulb from a flashlight.
Conducting experience
Strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2–3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon, screw the end of one of the wires to it. Insert the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paper clip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach the bulbs to the contacts.
What will happen?
The lamp will light up!
