Why do leaves turn different colors in autumn? How to explain to a child why the leaves on the trees change color What substance colors the leaves

Which will clearly show the children why the leaves on the redwoods change color: in the summer they are green, and in the fall they turn yellow.

To do this, you do not need special materials - everything is available both at home and at school. This experiment, which explains why the leaves on the daring trees change color in the fall, is great for preschoolers and students from grades 1-6.

Many people consider it the most beautiful time of the year, because when the leaves turn yellow, nature is painted in such incredible shades, which at the same time keep the memory of a warm summer, but evoke cold from the approach of winter.

But in the fall, children often have a number of traditional questions:

Why do leaves on trees change color and turn yellow in autumn?
Is this the work of fairies?
What about the sun?
Ah, I know it garden gnome did

This one, which explains why leaves turn yellow or red in autumn, is sure to satisfy even the most curious of children.

Why does a tree need leaves?

In order to understand why leaves change color in autumn, you need to understand why trees are needed at all, and leaves in particular.

Plants are responsible for creating the oxygen we breathe. They produce it by absorbing water from the earth and carbon dioxide from the air. Using sunlight(via photosynthesis), they convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose. Oxygen is what allows us to breathe, while glucose is what the plant uses to grow. The term photosynthesis means to combine with light. The chemical in a plant used for photosynthesis is called chlorophyll. The same chlorophyll that gives plants green color.

What you need for the experiment:

glass jars
coffee filters
Leaves
Alcohol
Notebook and pen for observing

Why do leaves change color in autumn? Experiment for children

In order to find the answer to the question why the leaves on the trees change color and turn yellow in autumn, the children will need to collect some leaves.

After that, together you must sort them by color into prepared containers.

After that, the leaves are poured with alcohol and ground. After crushing and stirring, alcohol will help the color to show even better.

Hint: The time it takes for the color to fully absorb will depend on how many leaves and alcohol have been used.

After 12 hours, the liquid may not yet be completely absorbed, but the effect is already obvious. As the liquid soaks into the filter, the colors from the leaflets diverge.

Explanation of the experiment why the leaves change color

In winter, the days become shorter, which reduces the amount of sunlight for the leaves. Due to the lack of sun, the plants go into a dormant stage and feed on the glucose that they have accumulated over the summer. As soon as it turns on winter mode”, the green color of chlorophyll leaves the leaves. And as bright green tint disappears, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. A small amount of these pigments were in the leaves all the time. For example, maple leaves bright red, as they have an excess of glucose.

If you like the leaves that change color in autumn, you don't have to wait until the lessons start to spend it with the kids.

Regional competition research work and creative projects

preschoolers and junior schoolchildren"I am an explorer!"

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school "No. 18"

Engels municipal district

Saratov region

Individual project on the topic:

"Why leaves

change color in autumn?

Vorfolomeeva Daria

1st grade student

Project Manager

Eterevskaya Ludmila

Vladimirovna

teacher primary school

MBOU "Secondary School No. 18" EMR

Saratov region

Saratov, 2015

Description of the project…………………………………………………………………. With. 3 - 5

Introduction……………………………………………………………………… p. 3

Stages of the project and expected results…………………………………... p. 4 - 5

Stage 1: choice of research method, research progress……………… …… p. four

Stage 2: study of the literature on this topic, expected results ... p. four

Stage 3: generalization and systematization of information……………………………p. 4-5

Stage 4: product selection project activities…………………………… With. 5

Conclusions (meaning of the project for use in practice)…………… … p. 5

Reflection of project activity…………………………………………….p. 5

Information and methodological support…………………………………… p. 6

Applications:………………………………………………………………………. With. 7 - 9

Why do leaves change color in autumn

Project description

Here is a maple leaf on a branch.

It looks like new now!

All ruddy, golden.

Where are you, leaf? Wait!

V.D. Berestov

Introduction

Autumn is a wonderful time of the year. Leaf color change is one of the first signs of autumn. Lots of bright colors in the autumn forest! Birches, maples turn yellow, patterned rowan leaves turn crimson-red, aspen leaves turn orange and crimson. At this time of the year, together with my mother, I like to walk in the autumn park or forest, breathe fresh air, observe nature, collect bouquets from fallen leaves, admiring yellow, crimson, purple colors.

One autumn day, I was collecting beautiful leaves for technology lessons. Looking at them, I wondered: why did the leaves change color? Why did the color change from green to yellow and red? Why do trees need leaves at all?

I suggested that the leaves change color from a lack of light or a cold snap.

To answer these questions, I will do some research.

Target: find scientific evidence for the causes of leaf color changes.

Tasks:

study specialized literature;

find out what value the leaf plays for the tree;

study the cause of the change in leaf color;

answer the question: why do some leaves turn red, while others turn yellow;

development and design of an information booklet on the topic of the project

Project type:

by completeness: interdisciplinary

by the number of participants: individual

Project milestones and expected results

Stage 1 - organizational . The main method of this stage is the observation of changes in nature. Systematic observation of the change in the color of the leaves on the trees led to the conclusion that the color of the leaves changes in different trees differently.

Observation results in application 1.

I also used the method of interviewing classmates. I found out - do they know why the leaves change color in autumn? Results in Appendix 2.

Stage 2 - theoretical . The main method is the study of literature and the search for information on the Internet.

Having studied the article in the encyclopedia for kids “A miracle is everywhere. The World of Animals and Plants” by T. D. Nuzhdina, and after reading articles with my mother on the Internet, I realized:

what role does the leaf play in the life of the tree;

recognized the parts of the sheet;

discovered the reason for the change in color of leaves in autumn;

found a lot of interesting additional information on this topic.

Stage 3 - practical. The main method is working with information.

Interest in this topic appeared during walks in the autumn forest. As a result of observations and study of literature, I learned new concepts and facts:

The leaves work all summer long: they feed the tree, get it food from the air with the help of sunlight, protect it from sunburn branches and trunk. The leaves that fell in autumn and remained under the trees will not be wasted. They will conserve moisture and protect the roots from frost. Then they will decay, fertilize the earth and feed the tree.

During my research, I found Interesting Facts about changing the color of the leaves; picked up folk omens, proverbs, found the author's fairy tale about leaves, took photographs autumn trees, made crafts from fallen leaves for technology lessons.

The information I received formed the basis of the speech, presentation and information booklet for classmates.

Stage 4 - final . The main method is the analysis of the results of the work performed.

At the beginning of the project, I suggested that the leaves change color from lack of light or cold weather. My assumptions were not confirmed.

I found out that in the fall, as the activity of the leaf fades, the formation of chlorophyll in it slows down, and then completely stops; the destruction of chlorophyll under the influence of sunlight continues. As a result, the leaf loses its green color and yellow-red pigments appear.

I found scientific evidence of the causes of leaf color changes, that is, my goal was achieved.

conclusions

Working on this project gave me the opportunity to read interesting stuff about nature, I acquired new knowledge - I learned what chlorophyll is and what it is for, trained my powers of observation, learned to work independently, tried my hand at working on a computer and creative work with dry leaves. I applied the acquired knowledge in the lessons of the world and technology. I spoke to my classmates and presented the results of my work.

Reflection

In the course of working on the project, I learned how to work with various sources information, evaluate the quality of my work, which I consider good, work in collaboration with my mother and teacher, draw conclusions based on the data received. Also, working on the project helped develop my personal interest in the study of nature and natural phenomena.

I think that I have achieved my goal.

Information and methodological support:

T.D. Nuzhdina Encyclopedia for kids “Miracle is everywhere. World of Animals and Plants, Yaroslavl Academy Holding 2003

Attachment 1

The results of observing the change in foliage color

Appendix 2

Classmates survey results

Appendix 3

Story

Why do leaves change color in autumn?

Autumn has come. The leaves on the trees began to turn yellow and fall.

Once Marinka was sitting under an oak tree, looking at the yellowed leaves and thinking:

The leaves turn yellow from the cold. They tremble, shrink, and the wind will fly - and the leaves fell off the branches, flew away. Only on the oak the leaves still remained, but even on it there were less and less of them every day.

Once Marinka - a kind soul - could not stand it: she took glue and threads at home and ran to her beloved old oak. She began to tie the last leaves to the branches and glue them so that the wind would not break them off. Maybe the girl tied and glued 20 leaves, or maybe all 30. And she would have saved it, but her hands were completely frozen. Marinka sat down, pressed her hands to her mouth, breathing into her fists: first one, then the other. Then the wind came up again - and suddenly it seemed to Marinka that the leaves above her head were whispering, rustling. Then the oak seemed to stretch with a creak, yawn, and say softly:

Wh-what are you doing here, silly-sh-sh? Why are you disturbing my sleep?

I didn't want to wake you up, - Marinka was embarrassed. - I'll glue the leaves for you, or even oversleep the last ones.

Eh, baby sh! I've finished my chores, it's time to relax. Look what acorns I have grown, beauty! Perhaps new oak trees will grow. But this is later, and now - the days are getting shorter, there is less and less light, which means it's time for the trees to sleep. In the leaves, tiny green grains, living plants, disappeared, dissolved, like sugar in water. There were no green grains, and the leaves turned yellow.

But why yellow and not white or transparent? Marina was surprised.

Because in addition to green grains in the leaves there are also others - yellow ones. While the green grains were working in the leaves, the yellow ones were not visible, but the green grains dissolved and only the yellow ones remained. Here the leaves turned yellow. And then they dry up and fall.

But how is it? ! - the girl got excited. - What will you do without these plants, without leaves? Who will feed you all winter?

But I don’t want to eat or drink, - the oak whispered and yawned with a long yawn. - Makes me sleepy. In winter, sleep like that - grace. In winter, we, the trees, do not grow, do not bloom. Oak sighed and fell silent.

Hey! - Marinka tapped softly on the wrinkled bark. -

I want to ask: maybe it would be better if the leaves remained? Although they are dry, yellow, the tree is much more beautiful with them.

No, - the oak yawned. - In winter, we are not up to beauty. We trees shed their own leaves. If all the leaves are left, in winter such snowdrifts will grow on the branches that they will not withstand, they will break from the weight.

And I thought that the wind breaks the leaves.

It is possible without wind, - the oak whispered. - We build a specially thin partition between the petiole of the leaf and the branch, which does not let juices or water through. A partition grows and separates the leaf from the branch. As soon as the leaf has nothing to hold on to, it will come off and fly. Leaves will fall to the ground and the roots will cover from frost ... Eh-heh-heh ...

The girl wanted to ask the oak for more about bark, about buds, about acorns, but then the wind came up again, and it seemed to her that the old tree was snoring softly.

Yesterday, while walking in the park, for some reason I thought for the first time. Why are the leaves multi-colored and this is what I found on the internet: The leaves of plants are colored green because they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that is present in plant cells. A pigment is any substance that absorbs visible light. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesize nutrients.

But in autumn, the leaves of the plants lose their bright green color.

For example, poplar leaves turn golden, while maple leaves seem to flash red. Some chemical transformations begin in the leaves, that is, something happens to chlorophyll. With the advent of autumn, plants prepare for winter. Nutrients slowly move from the leaves to the branches, trunk, root and are stored there during the severe cold. As spring arrives, plants use their stored energy to grow new green leaves.

When the energy of the stored nutrients is exhausted, the synthesis of chlorophyll stops. The chlorophyll remaining in the leaves partially decomposes, and pigments of a different color are formed. The leaves of some plants appear yellow and orange pigments. These pigments consist mostly of carotenes, the substances that color carrots orange. For example, the leaves of birch and hazel become bright yellow as chlorophyll decays, the leaves of some other trees acquire various shades of red.

The red, dark cherry and purple hues of some leaves are due to the formation of anthocyanin pigment. This pigment colors radish, red cabbage, rose and geranium. Under the influence of autumn cold, chemical reactions begin in the leaves, turning chlorophyll into red-yellow compounds. Unlike carotenes and other yellow pigments, anthocyanin is generally absent from green leaves. It is formed in them only under the influence of cold. Color autumn leaves, like human hair color, is genetically determined in each plant species. But whether this color will be dull or bright depends on the weather.

The brightest, juiciest colors of the leaves occur in autumn, when the weather is cold, dry and sunny for a long time (at temperatures from 0 to 7 degrees Celsius, the formation of anthocyanin is enhanced). The beautiful coloring of the leaves in autumn happens in places like Vermont. But, for example, in the UK, where the climate is rainy and the weather is overcast almost all the time, autumn leaves are most often dull yellow or brown.
Autumn passes, winter comes. Together with the leaves, the plants lose their colorful colors. The leaves are attached to the branches with special cuttings. With the onset winter cold the connection between the cells that make up the cuttings breaks up. After that, the leaves remain connected with the branch only by thin vessels, through which water and nutrients enter the leaves. A light puff of wind or a drop of rain can break this ephemeral connection, and the leaves will fall to the ground, adding another touch of color to the multicolored thick carpet of fallen leaves.
Plants store food for winter, like chipmunks and squirrels, but they accumulate it not in the ground, but in branches, trunks and roots.

The leaves, into which water ceases to flow, dry up, fall from the trees and, picked up by the wind, circle in the air for a long time until they lie down on the forest paths, lining them with a crisp path. The yellow or red coloration of the leaves may persist for several weeks after they have fallen off. But over time, the corresponding pigments are destroyed. The only thing that remains is tannin (yes, yes, it is he who colors the tea). In autumn, when the leaves are isolated from the branches of the tree and water and minerals no longer enter them, photosynthesis stops. When the leaves are isolated, the nutrient-producing chlorophyll that gives the leaves their green color is destroyed, and other colors begin to appear - they were present in the leaves all the time, but due to the abundance of green chlorophyll, they were not visible. Yellow and orange colors appear - this is a tribute to the pigment carotene, thanks to which, by the way, carrots have their orange color.

The beautiful colors of autumn are also the work of pigments, which are formed as a result of chemical reactions caused by a unique combination weather conditions autumn: cooler temperatures at night and more short days contribute to the formation of anthocyanin - a pigment that gives the leaves red and purple hues. Autumn temperatures produce red colors that result from a reaction with glucose, the sugar left in the leaves after photosynthesis has stopped.

Changes in the weather determine the brightness of the colors of autumn leaves and the time during which we can admire them before the leaves fall off. At low temperatures(but not reaching freezing point), more anthocyanin is produced, which gives the leaves a bright red color. More bright colors autumns can also be the product of gloomy and rainy days.

We all see a wonderful color show of falling leaves every year in mid-autumn, but hardly anyone has thought about why this happens and what it is connected with. Leaves that turn rusty in autumn can be said to be a food plant nature. Plants get water from the soil through their roots, and leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air. Sunlight converts water and carbon dioxide into glucose. It stimulates the growth and development of greenery.

The process of converting water into glucose using sunlight is called photosynthesis. Contributes to this process Chemical substance called chlorophyll. This is what gives plants their green color.

By the end of summer - the beginning of autumn, the days become shorter. Thus, the trees feel the approach of cold and begin to prepare for winter.

In cool weather, the amount of water and sunlight is not enough to facilitate the process of photosynthesis. At this time, the trees begin to feed on the food that they have accumulated during the summer. The so-called green plant is closed, the lack of chlorophyll gradually causes the leaves to lose color and take on a rusty shade of autumn. Depending on the temperature and humidity of the weather, the leaves lose their green color faster, and if sudden early frosts, they will fall faster.

Maple leaves, for example, retain a significant amount of glucose in their composition, even after the process of photosynthesis has been completed. Thus, cold nights and those few rays of the sun that managed to trick the clouds and nourish the leaves are the main ingredient in trees whose leaves are painted bright red.

Oak leaves turn brown in autumn, as they store not only glucose, but also waste.
Trees and plants are preparing for winter, and give us the opportunity to admire their beautiful colors every time.

Chlorophyll is a real food-producing aggregate that is found in every leaf. Two-thirds of the leaves depend on the presence of chlorophyll in them. Each leaf has other shades, but due to the dominant one, they are almost invisible. But, they still exist. "Xanthophyll" - has a yellow color. It consists of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon and occupies 23% of the pigmentation of the entire leaf. Another shade gives carotene and it occupies 10% of the total pigmentation.

Anthocyanin gives the leaves a bright red hue. From early spring until autumn, we see only green chlorophyll. But when autumn begins, nutrients enter only the trunk and branches of trees, because nutrients cease to be produced, and the existing chlorophyll decomposes. When it completely disappears or its content in the foliage decreases significantly, this is where other pigments that are constantly present in the leaf appear. That's when the variety of colors on the trees begins.

Before a leaf falls from a tree, a thin layer cells, which indicates the location of this sheet.

But today there is another theory about the dropping of foliage by trees with the approach of winter. It was put forward by the British scientist Brian Ford. The theory was brought up for discussion in The Daily Telegraph. He believes that trees shed their leaves for the same reason that a person goes to the toilet. Wanting to get rid of excess substances accumulated inside, the tree gets rid of foliage. So for a long time the leaf was perceived as an energy storage organ, but the same leaf also removes all unwanted substances from the tree. Before dropping, the level of harmful components of tannin, oxalate, and heavy metals increases in the leaves. Hence the conclusion follows that the tree rather wants to get rid of harmful substances than to store for the winter. The proposed hypothesis cannot interfere with admiring the autumn colors.

Deinekina Ekaterina

Research on the topic "Why are the leaves green in summer and yellow and red in autumn"

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Preview:

Why are the leaves green in summer and colorful in autumn?

“Forest, like a painted tower,

Lilac, gold, crimson…”

I. Bunin

1. Why are the leaves of plants green in summer?

Of the 25 people interviewed, the answer to this question was:

“I don’t know” - 8 people;

“enough light, heat and water” - 16 people.

2. Why do the leaves change color with the onset of autumn?

“I don’t know” - 12 people;

"from old age" -7 people;

"from the cold" - 6 people.

As you can see the answers are different. So I decided to put forward my hypothesis:the leaves of plants are of different colors, because they contain substances that give the leaves shades of green, yellow and red.

Target research to find out:

* What substances are attached to the leaves different colors?

* Why do the leaves on the trees turn shades of yellow and red in autumn?

To achieve this goal, I set the following tasks :

Understand what a tree leaf is made of
Why are leaves green in summer?
What substances give leaves their yellow and red color?

In order to deal with these issues, in my work I used the following methods :

studied the literature on the topic
look up information online
conducted a scientific experiment

I built my work on the following plan :

Collected and studied information about the external and internal structure sheet.
Conducted a scientific experiment that proves the presence of coloring pigments.

What is a leaf made of?

The leaf is one of the main organs of plants. It has a flat shape. A leaf may consist of a leaf blade, petiole, stipules and a base, with which it is attached to the stem.

The internal structure of the leaf can be seen under a microscope. Outside, the leaf is covered with skin. Under the skin are the pulp of the leaf, which consists of two types of tissues: columnar tissue and spongy tissue. Plants appear green to us a large number the smallest chlorophyll grains, located mainly in the cells of the columnar tissue of the leaves. They are better lit, they form the most organic substances in the light. Through loose spongy tissue, gas exchange occurs and water evaporates. Chlorophyll grain does not remain unchanged in the plant. It is short lived. catching solar energy chlorophyll is destroyed under the influence of light and re-created in the plant, and its formation can also occur only under the condition of good lighting.

In order to prove the presence of chlorophyll in the leaves, we conducted an experiment.

Experience 1.

We placed green leaf in a test tube with strong alcohol. Before our eyes, the leaf begins to turn pale, while alcohol, on the contrary, quickly turns green. This process of leaf discoloration is caused by the fact that chlorophyll dissolves in alcohol and especially quickly when heated or even gently boiled alcohol in a water bath.

Conclusion: the leaf became pale, and the alcohol solution turned green. Consequently, chlorophyll grains give the leaf a green color, but under the influence of adverse conditions, the chlorophyll grains are destroyed, and other substances give the leaf shades of yellow and red.

To make sure that the leaf contains yellow substances, let's continue the experiment.

Together with chlorophyll, yellow pigments also pass into alcohol; to separate them, we poured some gasoline into the hood. After shaking this mixture, after a while you can notice that gasoline floats to the top, while the layer of alcohol remains at the bottom. In this case, the alcohol will have an emerald color; gasoline will take golden yellow from the yellow pigments of the leaf remaining in it - xanthophyll and carotene. The separation of chlorophyll from yellow pigments is based on its greater solubility in gasoline than in alcohol.

So, I was convinced that chlorophyll is not the only coloring substance in plant tissues. From the encyclopedia, I learned that along with it there are always special pigments known as xanthophyll and carotene. The first of them has a pure yellow color, the second - an orange tint. Carotene is responsible for the characteristic color of the carrot root, where it is found in very high quantities.Yellow pigments are always present in the green of the plant, but in summer they are completely invisible, as they are masked by the intense green color of chlorophyll.

The autumn coloring of the leaves is especially attractive with its crimson tones. However, these tones are not found in all trees. Crowns of maples and aspens are removed in crimson; an elegant, pinkish color is taken by the foliage of the euonymus; garlands turn dark purple wild grapes. Along with this, lindens, oaks and birches are devoid of red hues, they cast only various yellow and golden tones. What causes the red color of autumn leaves?It is caused by a special coloring matter, anthocyanin, which is extremely widespread in plants.Unlike chlorophyll, anthocyanin is not associated with plastic formations inside the cell. It is dissolved in cell sap and rarely occurs as small crystals. To verify this, we conducted a second experiment.

Experience 2.

Anthocyanins are very easy to extract from any red or blue parts of the plant. To do this, we boiled a certain amount of beets and saw that the water was stained from anthocyanin in a lilac or dirty red color.

Conclusion : The leaves contain a coloring matter - anthocyanins.

I also learned that a group of scientists from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte found new patterns in the appearance of red and yellow leaves in autumn.

The research was led by Emily Habink, who researched different types of trees in different areas.

It turned out that red leaves usually appear on trees that grow on poor soil, and yellow leaves on trees that grow on rich soil. It has also been found that red leaves allow for more efficient use of the nutrients contained in them in conditions of their deficiency.

So, as a result of the study of red maple and amber tree, she found that in elevated areas, where the soil is poorer, these trees have much redder leaves than those of the same species in fertile floodplain areas. Therefore, the data obtained support the theory that the production of substances that color leaves in red, helps the leaves to last as long as possible and allows the tree to more efficiently stock up on nutrients for the winter.

As a result of my research, I found out:

1. The leaves contain dyes: chlorophyll, carotene, xanthophyll, anthocyanin.

2. Yellow pigments are always present in the greenery of a plant, but in summer they are completely invisible, as they are masked by the intense color of chlorophyll.

3. Under adverse conditions, chlorophyll is destroyed, and the leaves become red or yellow. These substances capture everything in autumn more space in a leaf, because for their formation it is necessary that it becomes cooler, and that the life of the plant freezes. Also, according to scientists, the yellow or red color of the leaves depends on the composition of the soil on which they grow,red leaves usually appear on trees that grow on poor soil, and yellow leaves on trees that grow on rich soil.

4. Thus. as a result of my research, I found out that none of my classmates could give an exact answer to the questions I posed. Having studied the material on this topic, I was convinced that my hypothesis was confirmed, and now I can tell my friends what the color of the leaves depends on.

Literature:

1. David Burney "The Great Illustrated Encyclopedia of Wildlife"

1. Zapartovich B.B., Krivoruchko E.N., Solovyova L.I.

With love for nature. Didactic material in natural history for elementary school. "Pedagogy", 1978.

2. Ponamareva I.I., Kornilova O.A., Kuchmenko V.S.

Biology. Plants. bacteria. Mushrooms. "Venta-Count", 1999.

What dyes make leaves different colors.

Throughout the year, our planet plays with different colors. And all thanks to the plants for which it is rich. And, probably, many people had such a question: why are the leaves of one color or another? Especially, it interests our children, who are so fond of asking questions. And in order to answer them correctly, you need to properly understand yourself.

What pigment colors leaves green or red?

AT school curriculum Biology class should have a similar topic. Some may have already forgotten, and some just do not know yet. But the pigment that is responsible for the green color of the leaves is chlorophyll. Let's take a closer look at this aspect.

Leaf color green:

Chlorophyll is a substance that absorbs sunlight and, with the help of water and carbon dioxide, produces useful for plants organic matter. Or, as they say in scientific language, turns inorganic substances into organic.
It is this pigment that is fundamental in the process of photosynthesis. Thanks to him, all living organisms receive oxygen. Yes, this information is known to any student. But few have thought about how chlorophyll turns leaves green.

Yes, the element itself is also green. And since it prevails in plants, the color also depends on it. And you can draw a direct relationship between the color of foliage and the amount of chlorophyll.
But that's not all. If you delve in more detail into a similar topic, you can find out much more. The fact is that chlorophyll absorbs the spectra of colors such as blue and red. This is the very reason why we see green leaves.

Leaves red:

Based on the above reasons, you can find the answer to why the leaves are red. Even if you do not take into account the course of biology. From a logical point of view, the red color also, to some extent, depends on chlorophyll. Or rather, from his absence.
The pigment responsible for the red color in the leaf is anthocyanin. Also, this element is responsible for the blue and purple color leaves, flowers and fruits.

Anthocyanin, like chlorophyll, absorbs certain color spectra. In this case, it's green.
By the way, there are plants that do not have green leaves or flowers. It depends on the fact that they lack chlorophyll. And in its place is anthocyanin.

How do you explain the change in color of tree leaves in autumn?

What a beautiful autumn we have. Despite the rain and cloudy sky, it is beautiful in its own way. It is autumn that the trees are painted in various colors. Of course, it depends on the weather and the nature of the tree. But everyone paid attention that even on one sheet there can be several shades or colors.

Previously, it was believed that all pigments are constantly present in the foliage. And when the amount of chlorophyll decreases, then other colors become visible. But this option is not entirely true. Specifically refers to anthocyanins.
This pigment begins to appear in the leaves only after the level of chlorophyll begins to decline.
Let's look at this process in more detail. In autumn, the sun is already not so warm, which means that there is less chlorophyll. Since it is he who is responsible for the nutrients in plants, their number is also reduced. So the leaves begin to prepare for the cold.
This process is very subtle and thoughtful. All those useful material, which the plant has accumulated over the summer, slowly moves into the branches and root. There they will be all the cold time. And in the spring they will use this stock so that new green leaves appear.

But the coloring of the leaves, in addition to natural processes, is also affected by the weather. Usually in sunny weather, anthocyanins predominate more. If the autumn is overcast and rainy, then there will be more yellow in the trees.
But that's not all. The color of the leaves also depends on the breed of the plant itself. Everyone noticed that the maple often has reddish leaves, but the linden and birch always dress in a golden color.
Just before winter, when all the coloring pigments are completely destroyed, the leaves become Brown color. They no longer have any nutrients left, the leaves dry up and fall off. At this stage, the cell walls of the leaves become visible.

What substance turns foliage yellow: plant pigments

Yellow color is very beautiful in autumn, especially on a clear and warm day. It is not for nothing that autumn is called golden. Almost any plant changes its color, starting with yellow. Yes, for some it is the only color, and some have it only as an additional one.

A specific pigment is responsible for each color. Carotene This pigment gives plants their yellow color. The word is familiar and can often be heard in advertising. Perhaps many did not know its meaning. Or they just didn't even know what it was.
This pigment belongs to the group of carotenoids. Found in all leaves and plants. Stays in them all the time. It's just that chlorophyll prevails over carotene, so the leaves are mostly green. And after its collapse, they begin to be painted in other colors.

Such plant pigment used as a natural dye. It is mined chemically, but exclusively from natural raw materials. It is widely applied in Food Industry and other areas.
beta-carotene, which just overshadowed the advertising business, also apply to carotenoids. The fact is that there are about 600 subspecies of them. Almost all yellow, red, orange and even green vegetables and fruits have it. For example, green onion, tomato, pumpkin, persimmon, blueberry, sorrel carrot. The list is very long. It is also very important for the human body.

What substance colors foliage orange: plant pigments

Orange, like yellow, is constantly in the leaves, it's just overshadowed by chlorophyll. Thus, making the plants green. And the orange color also begins to appear when that same chlorophyll is destroyed.

The pigment responsible for the orange color is xanthophyll. It also belongs to the class of carotenoids, like carotene. After all, these colors are on a thin line between each other.
I would like to note that carrots color this particular pigment. It contains the most of it. Therefore, it is this pigment that is responsible for the orange color of all fruits and the color.
Xanthophylls, like other carotenoids, are necessary for the human body. Other living beings too. Since they cannot synthesize it on their own, but can only get it with food.

It is no secret that carrots are rich in vitamin A. Accordingly, all these pigments are the main carriers of this vitamin. More precisely, the predecessors.
It is also worth noting that they are antioxidants in our body. Every girl knows about this aspect. After all, it directly depends appearance hair, nails and the body as a whole.

The strongest orange natural dyes

Every housewife faced such a problem in the kitchen when, after, for example, beets, her hands turned red. If you rub carrots a lot, then the same story can happen. It's just that the color is not as saturated, so it's not as noticeable. Also, breaking certain flower, you can paint your hands in the appropriate color.

Natural dyes are widely used in cooking, for dyeing fabrics, in medicine and cosmetology.
Coloring pigments are produced by bacteria, corals, fungi, algae and plants. Naturally, the corresponding color. Of course, plants are the most accessible.
You can get them yourself, the main thing is to follow the technology. And you also need to know which ingredients are suitable for these purposes.

carrot
celandine leaves and flowers
tangerine and orange zest
paprika
onion peel
pumpkin

As you can see, all products are available and almost all are orange in color. You can also get such a dye by mixing yellow and red.

The leaves of which group of trees turn red in autumn?

Probably, many have noticed that not all trees are red in autumn. But what is the beauty of nature. Especially when combined with yellow and orange flowers. One gets the impression that the forest is shrouded in festive attire. But what kind of trees have exactly a red tint? Let's look at this issue in more detail.

This color is not permanent in the leaves, but begins to be produced only after the breakdown of chlorophyll.
Usually, those trees that grow on poor, unmineralized soil turn red.
An interesting fact is that trees use this color to repel insects and pests.
Anthocyanin, the presence of which stains the foliage red, helps to endure frosts and avoid hypothermia.
More common in trees such as maple, rowan, bird cherry and aspen

Changing the color of trees is a real miracle of nature, which is so pleasant to watch. Please yourself with pleasant emotions in the fall, because these are unforgettable pleasant sensations.

Video: Why do leaves change color?

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