Poplar pyramidal description. Pyramidal poplar in landscaping settlements. Step by step boarding process
In culture, there are mainly male specimens (female ones are found in the cities of the Lower Volga region). Longevity in urban plantings depends on habitat conditions. Very spectacular tree in single, group, ordinary and alley plantings. Good for making quick greens protective walls. Soviet pyramidal poplar - Populus x sowietica pyramidalis Jabl. (Populus alba L. x Populus bolleana Lauche) - a tree up to 30 m tall with a narrow pyramidal dense crown. It grows, like all poplars, very quickly. AT middle lane Russia does not bloom. Winter hardiness is high. 85-95% of spring cuttings take root without special treatment. Common in landscaping.
Chinese pyramidal poplar
Chinese pyramidal poplar (Populus tomentosa) - a tree up to 1 5 m in height, often multi-stemmed. Growing in China Far East and in some parts of Central Asia. One-, biennial poplar shoots are thin, ribbed, like the trunk, greenish-gray in color. They grow upward at an acute angle, creating a beautiful pyramidal crown. The leaves are rhombic-elliptical in shape with a narrow wedge-shaped base, steeply pointed at the top, 12X8 cm. Light green above, whitish-bluish below, with finely serrated edges. Leaves fall after persistent frosts.Chinese pyramidal poplar is photophilous, demanding on moisture, with a lack of it sheds a leaf.
Chinese poplar is hardy. Does not need pruning. Well rooted lignified and green cuttings. When planted in heated greenhouses in April, lignified cuttings are suitable for transplanting into open ground in May for further cultivation. In the first year, Chinese poplar needs shading and regular watering, especially in dry, hot summers. In the nursery, seedlings are grown for 5-6 years.
In landscaping, poplar is used little, but deserves to be widely used. It is good to use Chinese pyramidal poplar for planting plots, growing green walls, in single and group, 3-5 copies, plantings. It looks good when creating small groups made up of trees. different structure crowns
poplar breeding
Poplars are easily propagated both vegetatively (cuttings or root offspring) and seeds.Shoots (cuttings) of poplars
Poplar branches take root easily when placed in water or even stuck into moist soil (the exceptions are goat willow and aspen). In order to grow poplar seedlings from cuttings, it is enough in the spring (preferably before the leaves begin to bloom or, in extreme cases, when the buds are just starting to burst) to cut the annual shoots of these trees. Annual shoots are easy to determine: these are the thinnest branches at the ends of large branches or at the top of the trunk, on which the buds are directly located and on which scars from last year's leaves are visible. As a rule, the length of one-year growth is up to several tens of centimeters (in the lower part of the tree crown, such growths can be much shorter). It is better not to use parts of older branches for cuttings: they usually do not have viable buds.After cutting off annual branches, divide them into cuttings 15-20 cm long. Make sure that each cutting has several live buds, especially in its upper part (the one that was closer to the top of the shoot). Plant the cut cuttings in moist soil at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, with the upper end up (this is a must) and in such a way that about a quarter of the length of the cutting with one or two buds remains above the ground. After planting, regularly water the bed with cuttings until the shoots growing from the buds begin to grow rapidly and reach a height of 10-15 cm.
By autumn, from the planted cuttings will be ready for planting on permanent place seedlings several tens of centimeters high.
poplar seeds
Poplars are equally easy to propagate by seeds. The well-known "poplar fluff" is the seeds of poplars along with hairs, thanks to which the seeds are easily dispersed by the wind. You can collect poplar seeds from the ground (in those places where noticeable lumps of poplar fluff collect due to the wind), or you can directly from the trees - at a time when the seed boxes begin to open and the seeds begin to scatter. The collected seeds remain viable for a very short time - from several days to several weeks. Therefore, it is best to sow them almost immediately. To do this, you need to prepare a small bed (preferably in the area most thoroughly cleared of weeds), level its surface with a rake, and then spread the collected clumps of fluff with seeds on the leveled surface (either evenly over the entire surface of the bed, or in rows). After that, pour the decomposed fluff with water from a watering can - as a result, the hairs on the seeds will stick together, and the seeds will be right on the ground. Do not cover the seeds with earth - let them remain right on the surface. Water them regularly, so that the surface of the earth is wet all the time; you can also cover it with some covering material (for example, polyethylene) for the first two or three days. In a few days shoots will appear. When seedlings reach a height of 5-6 cm, they must be thinned out so that the distance between plants is 5-10 cm (otherwise thickened seedlings will interfere with each other's growth). By autumn, you will receive poplar seedlings suitable for planting in a permanent place.poplar root
The root system of poplars is quite powerful, going far beyond the crown projection, with a large number of root offspring, actively capable of reproduction. Specially digging up pieces of poplar roots for cutting cuttings is a very laborious task, but you can always find ready-made root suckers near mature trees.Poplar is a tree that is an interesting example of the persistence of natural features. For more than two thousand years, people have been using its ability for vegetative reproduction, forming new plants by cuttings from males. But at the same time, the pyramidal poplar does not show the slightest signs of degeneration. According to scientists, its natural area of \u200b\u200bdistribution is the Himalayas, Italy and the Crimea.
Examples of design of park areas
AT park landings the pyramidal poplar is very beautiful, but in contrast with weeping plants, for example, with willows, it can lose its expressiveness. But its combination with white acacia is often used in parks and old estates steppe regions of Ukraine. It was customary to decorate such alleys with tall fountains to humidify and cool the dry, sun-warmed air. The poplar tree is effectively used in the organization of the park area on Mount David in Georgia. AT southern countries usually used cypress. But here the creators used pyramidal poplar in combination with several varieties of columnar juniper, as well as fir and spruce. Maples and chestnuts, thuja are included in the park composition.
The main properties of poplar used in landscape design
The pyramidal poplar is very good cover from solar radiation. Small, closely spaced groups of trees serve as reliable protection from exposure to scattered radiation. It is also remarkable that the absence of a spreading crown does not block the sky from view, but at the same time provides good shade and coolness. In this regard, it is appropriate to mention that among natural forest plantations, neither columnar nor pyramidal crown forms are observed. At the same time, their pronounced decorative appearance allows you to create vivid compositions of park areas and urban landscapes.
Framing plantings and landscaping of industrial areas
So, for landscaping an industrial zone, trees are chosen that are resistant to such adverse factors as increased dust, gas or smoke in the space. The pyramidal poplar is included in this number. It is also useful in those plantings that serve to retain and accumulate snow reserves. In this case, it is planted in a continuous array, as we observe along highways. Moreover, in order to avoid the formation of fluff, it is selected exclusively masculine appearance. One of the public gardens in Tallinn can serve as an example of framing poplar plantings. It is obvious that the designers who created it first studied in detail the perspectives that allow the building to open from different points. Then, depending on the distance from which the view of the structure is most advantageous, we selected the sizes and types of trees. In this case, the shape of the crown of pyramidal poplars, from which the green frame for the building, which houses the court, is created, is perfectly coordinated with its main horizontal lines. And chestnuts and maples create a contrast with its vertical architecture.
Most of the cities of Russia are not very pleasing to the eyes of their inhabitants due to the virtual absence of full-fledged landscaping on their streets. But quite recently, pyramidal poplar was widely used for these purposes. Due to the unpretentiousness and instantaneous growth of poplars, you can create a whole alley without spending a lot of time on it.
Unfortunately, poplars have been in disgrace lately. Doctors took up arms against them, since during the flowering of these trees the latter produce great amount fluff, which not only contributes to allergies, but is also potentially dangerous in terms of possible occurrence fires. However, landscaping experts settlements unanimously argue that in order to create favorable environment for life in the conditions of our megacities the most suitable tree- poplar.
And this fact was known even to the ancient Greeks, who planted poplars in their policies, creating picturesque alleys, in the shade of which the ancient sages made more than one of their brilliant discoveries. But the fact is that even then it was known that only male specimens of plants should be used in landscaping, since they do not give down, known for their annoyingness. In general, poplar is a multifaceted tree, and botanists still do not stop researching all its properties.
However, in Soviet time when the plan for the mass planting of trees in the city was adopted, due to an oversight, it was female specimens (for the most part) that were used, which led to the well-known negative consequences. The only exceptions are some southern cities, where the pyramidal poplar is represented by individuals of both sexes.
What are the benefits of this culture? First of all, these trees are valuable due to their phenomenal resistance to gas and dust in the air, which is found everywhere in our cities. In addition, they can be successfully cultivated on almost any soil, where they grow with such amazing speed, which is not seen in other trees of our latitudes. The growth rate of poplar is such that in just a few months you can create a full-fledged protective plantation.
Among other things, the pyramidal poplar is distinguished by the fact that it releases phytoncides into the air, which not only destroy pathogenic microorganisms, but also improve air quality in general, which is very important for cities. A feature of poplars is also their biological diversity: today more than 100 species are known, however, due to easy interspecific hybridization, many scientists suggest that there are already many more of them. Such hybrids grow even faster than their parent species (heterosis effect). In addition, they tolerate pruning even better and restore their crown shape extremely quickly.
Thus, the pyramidal poplar is a tree that is ideal for landscaping. If we take into account its dioeciousness and select plants taking into account this circumstance, then it will not be difficult to get rid of poplar fluff on the streets.
(Populus alba)
White poplar - large deciduous tree. It grows very quickly (especially in the first 20-25 years), but only on fertile and sufficiently moist soils. Tolerates soil salinity. Photophilous. Can grow in partial shade. Likes moist soils, tolerates prolonged flooding. Can tolerate dry conditions. Winter-hardy. Well strengthens the banks of rivers and reservoirs.
(Populus alba Nivea)
Poplar white Nivea has silver-white leaves that retain their color for a long time, not changing color much even in autumn. The growth rate is very fast. Winter hardy, frost hardy. Light-loving, but endures shady areas. Drought tolerant. Prefers wet and fertile soils. It is used in park and city gardening.
(Populus pyramidalis)
Poplar pyramidal has a very narrow crown. The branches come from the base of the trunk. With its monumental, pyramidal, dark green crown, it gives a special, southern character to the landscape, resembling slender, pyramidal cypresses. Good for quickly creating green protective walls. Does not produce fluff. A very effective tree in single, group, ordinary and avenue plantings.
Today it is quite difficult to imagine both the roadsides and the streets of villages and cities that would not be surrounded by poplars. It is these trees that are considered to be, so to speak, the owners of the streets. The exact country of origin of the poplar is unknown, experts agree that it could be either Afghanistan or the Himalayas. Poplar looks like slender tree, whose height can sometimes reach 35 meters.
Pyramidal poplar has a rather narrow columnar crown. Most often it can be found in the culture of Italy, which is why another name for this variety appeared - Italian poplar. In the culture of this plant, it is rare to find female individuals.. In addition to the pyramidal, it has other no less amiable names, which include such as Italian poplar, columnar and Lombard.
plant description
This type of tree is striking in its extraordinary harmony. In addition, the roofing sheet has a unique crown, which is often quite narrow or columnar. If the tree is not pruned in a timely manner, it can reach quite large sizes. Such poplars grow quite quickly. Often in the middle of autumn, the pyramidal poplar completely loses its leaves. The plant is quite frost-resistant, although it can be severely damaged in severe frosts.
Morphological characteristics
- the height of the trunk can reach up to 45 meters;
- branches directed mainly upwards or obliquely;
- the leaves are diamond-shaped;
- flowers are united among themselves in catkins;
- compared to other varieties of poplars, the pyramidal has a significantly smaller leaf plate.
Pyramidal is the only plant that is able to enrich environment oxygen throughout the day. At the same time, photosynthesis in its leaves happens even at night. The male tree is considered the most cultivated.
In general, the lifetime of a tree directly depends on the following factors:
- living conditions;
- timely and correct pruning crowns
Tree care rules
When it comes to creating a series of pyramidal-type crops, it is imperative to maintain a distance between trees, which should not be less than 2 by 3 meters. The poplar root system is quite long and wide, which is why the planting pit should not be less than 1 meter deep.
Soil conditions
Most favorable soils for planting are fertile soils, which must necessarily include the following components:
- sod land;
- sand;
- peat.
If the soil is classified as heavy, it is imperative to place a layer on the bottom of the hole before planting. drainage type which should be placed no more than one third of the pit. In order for the poplar to please for more than one year with its beauty, the landing is carried out in areas where there is free access to sunlight.
Regarding fertilizers, this tree prefers nitrogen and potash. When planting, nitroammophoska is applied with the calculation of 100 grams per square meter landing. A tree of this type loves moisture, therefore, when watering one plant, it is necessary to use at least 30 liters of water. Plants of the first year of life, in the absence of rain, are watered at least three times a month. In addition, it is important not to forget about watering during the drought period. At this time, even mature trees require watering. For achievement more moisture, the first years of the life of seedlings, it is recommended to loosen the near-stem circle.
After winter and summer, you should also not forget about piercing near the trunk to a depth of at least 20 centimeters. This kind of procedure will in autumn period prepare the poplar for winter, and in the spring, with the help of this procedure, the ingress of oxygen and air into root system. Pyramidal poplar over the age of 7 years does not require loosening, then the soil around it can be safely sown with lawn-type grass.
Care after landing
After planting and watering, it is worth mulching with peat or sawdust.
Mowing and pruning should be done annually. After pruning, the resulting wounds are treated with a special lubricant for garden trees. During cutting, it is worth leaving twigs of at least 20 centimeters. In addition, it is important to ensure that the crown of the tree is as even as possible.
To rejuvenate the plant, it is worth periodically cutting off its top. However, after carrying out such a procedure, it is imperative to feed the plants and dig up the earth near the poplar trunk.
This tree does not require preparation before winter. The plant is quite resistant to frost and sudden changes in temperature.
After a complete cutting of a tree, a bunch of undergrowth can grow quite quickly, which can be partially cut off and, thus, form a new tree.
reproduction
This type of tree can reproduce in two ways:
- Vegetative propagation method - with this type of poplar twigs, they take root rather quickly. For cuttings, mainly shoots are used, the age of which does not exceed one year.
- Propagation method using seeds.