Young linden tree. Linden in our gardens. beautiful and slender trees are obtained

Linden is an obligatory component of city squares and boulevards; beautiful linden alleys adorn ancient estates. Today linden is used for landscaping personal plots. In total, about 45 varieties of linden are known. The most common in the European part of the country is the small-leaved linden. The tree does well both in shady places and in open sunny areas, with leached, well-drained and moderately moist, structured soils. The properties of the soil under a tree are greatly improved by its own fallen leaves.

Linden can be grown from seeds. Getting into the ground under natural conditions, the seeds do not germinate in the first spring, but are stored in the soil for at least a year.

For normal germination, they are subjected to prolonged cooling, always in a moistened state. Seeds are placed in wet sand and stored there for up to five months at zero temperature. If these conditions are not met, it is difficult to achieve high germination. In the spring, the seeds are applied to moist soil and watered regularly. Linden is sensitive to the degree of soil moisture. You can plant seeds without preparation in autumn period, but there is no guarantee that germination will be high.

In addition to sowing seeds, you can transplant linden seedlings that begin to grow near old trees. Linden seedlings can be dug up in a forest belt or forest. It is not difficult to find them - shoots have cotyledons that have a characteristic lobed shape. Such seedlings (only cotyledons, no leaves) will easily tolerate transplantation if it takes place in wet and cool weather. Since the seeds usually germinate unfriendly and late, as a rule, the search for seedlings begins after the first leaves bloom on the lindens. The site for such seedlings should be fertilized with humus. Landing pits (at least 0.6 m) should be deep enough, humus (only not fresh) or compost is poured into the bottom of the pit. An evenly set seedling is sprinkled with earth and watered abundantly with water.

Seedlings can be bought at the nursery. These can be large-sized (7-8 year old seedlings) having a height of up to 5 meters or ordinary seedlings up to 2 meters. Seedlings should be with a lump. Seedlings with a deep root collar should be alarming. When buying a batch of seedlings, it is necessary to dig it out from at least several seedlings. good seedlings have normally developed and healthy roots. The trunk should not have any damage or traces of poor-quality trimming. Choose seedlings with a properly formed crown and no traces of diseases and pests.

Features of planting linden

Linden small-leaved

This species is shade-tolerant, but it takes root and grows better in a lighted place. The distance between seedlings when planting in groups or alleys is 3-4 meters. After the soil settles, the root neck should be visible. Soddy soil (1 part), sand and humus (2 parts each) are used as a soil mixture. It is necessary to arrange a drainage layer of crushed stone (15 - 20 cm) In early spring top dressing is carried out: for 10 liters of water - 1 kg of mullein, 15 g of urea and 25 g ammonium nitrate. The first 4 days after planting, watering is required. For young plants during dry periods, abundant and frequent watering is required.

Large-leaved linden

The plant is more thermophilic than the main type of linden. On the permanent place trees are planted already at the age of 3.5 - 5 years. This garden form applied in single landings in areas with good lighting.

Small-leaved and large-leaved lindens grow well on light fertile soils and do not tolerate salinization of the soil environment and drought. The optimal acidity of the soil is considered to be 6.6 - 7.5 pH. early autumn young trees are fed with nitroammophos (20 g per 10 liters of water).

Linden hedges

To create hedges, the small-leaved linden variety ‘Greenspire’ is widely used, the most resistant to various adverse environmental factors. European linden ‘Pallida’ (Pallida), large-leaved linden ‘Orebro’ and Crimean linden are also used.

Hedges are planted in several ways: in the form of a trellis, with the formation of a tree crown in one plane; molded - sheared hedge, as a solid green wall. In addition, a linear planting of adult plants with a low-set crown is used (branches come from the base of the trunk). For planting hedges, mature trees are purchased from a nursery and planted at a distance of three meters. This method is expensive.

You can plant a linden in the form of a trellis yourself by setting supporting pillars future hedge with horizontal slats: the first - up to 2 m from the ground, the rest - every meter. Linden is planted along the structure (every 2 meters). As they grow, they form a flat crown, tying the desired branches with twine and removing unnecessary branches. To speed up the time of creating a hedge, you can transplant 10 year old trees, which are cut down after transplantation. Saw cuts of stumps with a height of 7 - 10 cm are covered with garden pitch. In two weeks, active growth of young shoots from the stump will begin.

It is the cutting method that most gardeners choose to propagate linden. The thing is that this plant takes root very easily and is able to grow on any kind of soil. But, of course, for the splendor of the crown and the abundance of flowering, proper care should be taken for the tree.

In the forest, the plant does not have to choose, and it grows without requiring additional feeding and processing. However, in the garden, to maintain decorative look linden tree, you need to create it comfortable conditions: in time to clean the near-trunk circle from weeds, water and at least occasionally fertilize the soil.

Preparation of cuttings and soil mixture

Based on the fact that the seedlings are planted in open ground in the spring, cuttings of the plant and preparing the site for future plantings should be done in the fall. The soil in the area determined for growing linden is well dug up to the depth of a shovel, fertilizers are applied to it - preferably humus or compost plus wood ash, and finally the surface is leveled with a garden rake and covered with polyethylene for the entire winter season.

It is worth saying that this tree can be successfully propagated in other ways: layering, using root shoots, seeds. But the propagation of linden by cuttings, although a rather laborious method, is used by gardeners quite often.

Cuttings are cut from an adult tree in the early morning or on a cloudy day. rainy weather- this significantly reduces the percentage of evaporated moisture from the shoot. The upper cut is carried out above the kidney at a right angle, in order to also minimize moisture loss by reducing the evaporating surface. The lower cut is made oblique, 1 centimeter below the kidney.

The main parameters for choosing branches for cuttings are diameter and length. planting material from a thin shoot it will develop very slowly, and given that the linden already blooms only a couple of decades after planting, this is unacceptable. Optimal length the handle is determined by the number of nodes, which should be at least four, this is 8-15 centimeters. For cuttings, only green and flexible shoots with fully formed leaves are used.

Each cutting is placed in separate container with water, in which a preparation such as Kornevin or Epin is previously dissolved - these funds are designed to stimulate root formation and help plants during the period of adaptation to new conditions. After half an hour, the water from the container should be drained and replaced with fresh one - in it the shoots will wait until the root shoots appear.

It is important to ensure that in the room where the cuttings are located while waiting for the development of the root system to begin, a constant air temperature of at least +25 degrees is maintained.

Winter storage and planting of seedlings in the garden

It is not enough to be able to properly prepare cuttings from the fall, you still need to save them until spring planting, but it happens complex process especially for the beginner gardener. All shoots should be loosely tied into one bundle and placed in a container filled with wet sand, roots down. The air temperature in the room should vary from 0 to +4 degrees - it can be a basement, cellar or refrigerator, if there are few branches and they will not interfere.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they should be placed in a container with Kornevin or Epin dissolved in water. They have proven themselves as helpers for plants that are difficult to propagate by cuttings and take root in a new place. These drugs activate the appearance and development of the roots of even the most capricious representatives of the flora, to which the linden is clearly not related.

Landing technology:

1. 1. To plant a seedling with an average height of 45 to 75 centimeters, it is necessary to prepare a half-meter hole with a diameter of the same size. The bottom layer is filled with drainage by 10-15 cm, crushed stone or brick fragments can be used as it.
2. 2. A layer of fertilizer is laid on top - humus or compost with the addition of 45-55 grams of superphosphate.
3. 3. Now it remains to plant the plant. The seedling is deepened into the soil and the remaining empty space of the pit is covered with a nutrient substrate from humus, fertile land and sand. The root neck should be located no higher than the ground level.
4. 4. At the end of the event for planting linden trees in the garden, they are plentifully watered and sprinkled around the trunk circle wood ash. AT hot weather young plants are recommended to be shaded from sunlight.
5. 5. For several years, it is advisable to feed the trees with nitrogen three times a season; for this, a mullein solution is optimal.

Usually, the growth and branching of plants is activated when the air temperature is set in the range from +22 to +25 degrees. To maintain the health and proper development of seedlings, it is recommended to maintain the territory trunk circle free from weeds and foreign objects. Several times during the summer, you can gently loosen the ground to allow oxygen to freely reach the root system of trees.

It also makes sense to mulch plantings with sawdust - this will retain moisture, prevent cracking of the surface of the earth and the formation of a crust.

Linden is one of the most durable and easy to care for trees that you can decorate your own garden or yard. country house. It is easy to take care of it, you can plant it in any area, while the tree will bloom profusely until late autumn delight you with its beautiful and green leaves. This material will tell you how to work with such a variety so that it grows quickly on your site and does not die prematurely from pests or diseases.

Tree Description

Linden is a strong perennial tree that grows in almost all regions of our country. May look like large shrub(wild varieties), and a large tree over 40 meters in height. It has a large deciduous crown of a round, oval or pyramidal type (other forms are possible in rare varieties). The trunk of a linden is not necessarily one, it can branch into two, three or more processes.

Linden grows well in shady areas garden, and in sunny places. The tree is not picky about the choice of soil, but it grows best on sandstone flavored with humus. Various varieties lindens tolerate frost well, are generally very resistant to pests, and even when bad care bloom regularly and produce seeds.

The tree has a good root system, thanks to which it can long time do without watering and top dressing. Linden reaches its full strength in 20-30 years. At the same time, it begins to produce the richest flowering used in medicinal purposes and honey production.

What Aubrieta flowers look like and how they need to be grown can be seen in this article:

Care

Proper care of linden involves the following activities:

• crown haircut. It is carried out once every six months - in the spring before bud break and in the fall. It should be carried out after the first year of the tree's life, removing branches by no more than a third.

• top dressing. Held twice a year. In the spring, it provides for the introduction of a solution into the soil in the proportions of 1 kg of manure, 25 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. The second time the tree is fed in the fall, for it they use 20 grams of nitroammofoska per 10 liters of water. The tree does not need any other additional feeding.

• watering. For young trees, soil moisture at the rate of 20 liters of water per 1 square meter crown projections are given once a week according to the weather, after heavy rainfall it is not worth it. For mature trees, this event is not mandatory. Linden tolerates dry periods well; it is necessary to water it only when the soil is seriously dry.

• Loosening of the circumferential circle. It is enough to carry out 2-3 times a season. At the same time, weeds are removed.

In addition to the basic care procedures described above, it is recommended to inspect the tree once a week or two for the presence of pests or diseases. This will allow you to identify the problem in time and fix it at an early stage, while the tree has not yet suffered much.

Video

In more detail, the process of caring for and growing linden is shown in the video below.

Preparing for winter

Wintering linden, like others garden trees, also requires special training from the gardener. Proper implementation involves the following actions:

1. Before the cold weather, the gardener needs to remove the fallen leaves from the tree and burn them, as well as inspect the linden branches for the appearance of frost holes. Detected formations are recommended to be treated with any antiseptic.
2. The circumferential circle in the same period is covered with a heater. As it is best to use peat or manure. With them, the roots of the tree become thicker.
3. In the early years, it is advisable to wrap the crown of the tree dense material . This will protect the branches from frost and snowstorms. When the tree gets older, this measure can be abandoned.
4. In addition, it is closer to winter that trees need to be fed so that they can stock up on the necessary substances for the winter.

With age, the frost resistance of linden increases and it becomes easier to cook it for the winter. However, the gardener, while working with this tree, always needs to be extra careful in order to avoid damage to the branches due to frost or improper processing of the plant in the autumn. So by negligence, you can lose most of the crown.
Spend it all necessary measures preparation of this variety for winter is possible in 1-2 days. Events are recommended to be held in late October - early November before the first frosts.

Disease and pest control

Linden - a tree subject to various diseases, among which:

• white rot or tinder, manifested in the curvature of the trunk, poor overgrowth of knots and twisting of the bark;
• fungal diseases various parts tree, including seeds, leaves, seedlings;
• infectious drying of the tree.

Aktelit helps to cope with such tree diseases. Fitosporin is also used as a prophylaxis for trees. The solution, however, should not be abused. One treatment per season is enough to fully protect the tree from such infections.

Remember that linden often becomes infected with infections, including fungal ones, from neighboring trees. Even if they still do not show signs of infection, it is still necessary to treat the plants for preventive purposes.
Often, tree diseases are provoked by rodents and insects that weaken the tree. Among the most dangerous pests for linden, you can call:

• a bug of a soldier that damages fruits;

Bed bug soldierWillow scale leafworm defeat

• a bear eating kidneys, as well as leaves of a tree.

Medvedka

Also, the yellow-throated mouse, shrew and vole can undermine the tree. Pest control of lindens comes down to loosening the near-stem circle, treating it with soapy water, and spraying the trunk with insecticides, selected depending on the type of pests.
A special role in the fight against insects that destroy the leaves and flowers of linden is the annual pruning of the tree. It allows you to cut the kidneys in which insects hibernate. To avoid re-infection of the tree, all cut branches in without fail needs to be burned.

Linden appeared on earth in the era of dinosaurs. She survived global warming and glacial period, witnessed the great historical events. Under the shade of lindens, high-society ladies made dates for their gentlemen, and two centuries ago, in honor of the victory of the great French revolution, thousands of linden trees were planted in Paris. Since then, the linden has been considered the tree of freedom and happiness.

In our country, linden groves stretch from the western foothills of the Urals, through the entire middle lane Russia - to the foothills of the Carpathians. In addition, some types of lindens, for example, Amur and Manchurian, feel very good in a harsh climate. Far East and Siberia. Linden looks great in alleys, berso (green tunnel), but it is no less attractive in single plantings.

Features of linden trees

Linden trees are long-lived, they are able to grow and live in one place up to 600 years. The linden fashionista easily tolerates the shaping one, is not capricious and does not get sick after it, for which it is especially loved by gardeners. The linden family has about 30 representatives of the species, among which there are trees, from 20 to 40 m high with various crown shapes: pyramidal, round, oval and others. But in places where the linden lacks space and sun, it grows stunted and looks like a fluffy shrub.

Linden trees always grow straight, there are both single-stemmed and multi-stemmed. The leaves are large (up to 30 cm long), heart-shaped, with a graceful serrated edge, and fragrant flowers collected in numerous inflorescences-umbrellas.

Since ancient times, linden helps people in trouble, relieving them of various diseases. Everything about this wonderful tree is healing: from bark and branches to leaves and flowers, from which healing decoctions and infusions are made.

Choosing a place for linden

Linden - shade tree, but if you land it in the open sunny place, she will thank you: will please rapid growth and lush crown. It is undemanding to soils, but prefers well-flavored ones. Does not tolerate lying close to the surface. Mature trees easily tolerate drought, but seedlings need regular watering.

Linden confidently "stands on its feet": its powerful root system, with a taproot deeply penetrating the soil, allows the tree not to be afraid even strong winds. The crown is quite dense and if you plant lindens in a row along the windward side, then in a few years not a single breeze will look at your site) But, keep in mind that the linden reaches its full development only by 20-40 years (depending on the species).

Well, let's plant a "tree of freedom" in a suburban area?

Linden breeding

Linden reproduces well by seeds, stem layers, root shoots and seedlings. Ideal soil for her: soddy land (1 part), humus (2 parts), sand (2 parts), and the optimal soil reaction: pH 6.5-7.5.

Reproduction of linden seeds

Propagation of linden seeds is a long process. From the moment of sowing to obtaining a young tree, 10-12 years can pass. If the deadlines are not pressing, proceed)

First, linden seeds must be subjected to (cold aging). To do this, they are placed in a box with wet sand or sawdust, put in a cold dark place for 5-6 months, moistened periodically. Or the second way: you can place the seeds for stratification in a peat-sand mixture (1: 1), deepening them by 2-3 cm.

In the spring, the seeds that have undergone stratification are sown in open ground, where the strongest of them will germinate, and after a while the plant can be planted in a permanent place of residence, carefully caring for them, covering the "young growth" for the winter. To obtain full-fledged seedlings that are guaranteed to take root in open ground, linden seedlings can be grown indoors.

Propagation of linden by layering

For breeding stem layering, you need to bend the lower branches to the ground, lay them in shallow trenches and dig in, and then nature will do everything for you. After 1-2 years, the branches will take root, they will be ready to be separated from the mother tree and planted in a permanent place of residence. Reproduction of linden by layering is done in the spring, before the foliage appears.

With reproduction root layering, the situation is even simpler - adult lindens abundantly give young shoots, which can be carefully separated from the mother root and planted linden "baby" wherever your darling wants) from the nearest forest plantation or buy ready-made seedlings at.

Planting linden seedlings

Linden easily tolerates slight damage to the root system, but still be careful when planting. The best way- buy a plant with, the tree will not even notice.

Make a planting hole for standard linden seedlings (50-70 cm) with a depth and diameter of at least 50 cm. At the bottom, pour a layer of drainage 10-15 cm high - pebbles, crushed stone or broken brick. drainage layer cover the palm width with humus mixed with (50-60 gr per tree). Then a seedling is placed in the hole, covered with a soil mixture: soddy land, humus, sand (in a ratio of 1:2:2).

Try to place the root neck of the seedling at the level of the soil, but if you deepen it a little lower, it's okay, this is not critical for linden. After planting, the seedling is watered abundantly, for the next 2 years they are fed three times a season. To do this, you can use mullein infusion (1 kg of manure per 10 liters of water).

Linden care

Literally on next year after planting the seedlings, you can do their cultivation, that is, cutting the crown. Only in the first pruning do not shorten the linden branches by more than 1/3, and engage in the formation of a tree in early spring, before bud break. And in the fall, an overgrown plant can be “trimmed” again)

It is enough to feed mature trees twice a season. In early spring, such a solution is introduced under each: 1 kg is added to 10 liters of water cow dung, 20 gr and 25 gr of ammonia. In the fall, 20 grams are added to 10 liters of water.

Only seedlings and young trees need constant soil moisture, and adult lindens tolerate drought perfectly. They need to be watered only during the driest periods. The volume of water required for an adult tree: 20 liters of water per 1 sq m of crown projection.

Loosening of the near-stem circle is carried out 2-3 times per season, simultaneously with the removal. In winter (with a layer of 10-12 cm) with peat, wood chips, fallen leaves (preferably linden) or sawdust.

Frost-resistant and durable. Distributed in the northeastern part of Asia and the Caucasus.

Silver linden is often called felt because of the peculiarity of the leaves: on one side they are slightly pubescent, and on the other, the pubescence is dense, very similar to felt.

The silver linden grows up to 30 m in height, the crown is wide pyramidal. grows in central regions Russia.

All types of lindens are distinguished by their exquisite decorative effect and are widely distributed in garden and park plantings. And also - in the design of wonderful hedges that adorn our suburban areas.

Linden is an amazingly beautiful tree that amazes with its healing properties and delights the sense of smell with a luxurious sweet aroma. It is impossible not to recognize her cute yellow flowers, reminiscent of dragonfly wings. The tree has long been known for its valuable qualities, for which it has been respected and appreciated for more than one century. Linden is able to live for a very long time if it is planted correctly, and for this it is necessary to have an idea about the methods of tree propagation (by shoots, cuttings, layering) in autumn and spring. More on this later.

Linden: description, useful properties

Linden is a long-liver: in terms of its life span, it is able to surpass most of the trees known to us. So, on average, linden can live for about 500 years. She begins to bloom quite late: only in the 20th year of her life (if she grew up in natural conditions). AT artificial conditions linden gives the first flowers only by the age of 30.

Linden is known to everyone for its honey-bearing properties: from the nectar of a single tree, about 16 kg of high-quality, fragrant, surprisingly healthy honey can be obtained per season.

Linden color is actively used in traditional medicine: it is dried and stored for several years in small bags made of cloth or paper.

Linden flowers are used in folk medicine

Fragrant linden tea can become not only a pleasant drink, but also valuable source glucose, carotene and other substances useful for our body. Linden tea will help get rid of fever, eliminate inflammation in the body, and also have a pronounced diuretic, diaphoretic, choleretic effect.

In addition to color, linden bark is also actively used for medicinal purposes, which is able to heal open wounds, heal burns, eliminate dermatological problems, etc.

Attention! The use of linden tea is contraindicated for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases, since linden has a pronounced ability to speed up metabolic processes, which puts a high strain on the heart.

Most often, linden grows in groups, but under natural conditions, oppressed by stronger representatives of the flora, it can take on the form tall shrub. Linden is an unpretentious tree, therefore its species (and there are great amount) are actively grown in decorative purposes: for landscaping parks, streets, alleys, etc. After all, nothing will decorate a linden better than an even row of slender lindens with a neat crown, which will bloom magnificently and fill the whole neighborhood with a thick sweet aroma.

The main methods of reproduction of linden (shoots, cuttings, layering)

Linden propagation is carried out in several ways, but only the following can be especially distinguished:

• growth. During the period active growth trees can be used as material for planting young trees, small seedlings that appear under the crown of linden. Small shoots are great for transplanting, but several conditions must be met. Firstly, the landing time is strictly spring; secondly, the weather is exceptionally humid and cool. As seedlings, it is better to choose two-year-old shoots with a fairly developed root system (such specimens usually grow at a distance of 2-3 m from the tree). So, the tap root must be cut on both sides of the shoots, after which, throughout the summer, carefully care for it: loosen the soil around it, water young plant, fertilize, and plant in the fall in the main place.

Advice. As a propagation material, it is better to use shoots only from own-rooted trees, since in this case it is most likely that young tree will have everything external signs maternal.

• layering. Unusual way breeding linden, which, however, is also used. The process is carried out as follows: young tree cut down, and then wait for the appearance of sprouts on the stump. One- or two-year-old coppice shoots are bent to the ground and fastened near it. wooden fixtures. After carefully sprinkle them with earth. After a couple of years, roots will appear at the fold. Then you should carefully separate the young plant from the parent plant with a sharp shovel and then transplant it.

The easiest method of linden propagation is cuttings.

• cuttings. One of the most simple ways linden breeding. Her cuttings take root perfectly in new conditions and require minimum care. Cuttings and soil for their planting must first be prepared. The first stage of preparation is carried out in the fall: the soil is carefully dug up, cleared of weeds, generously fertilized and, finally, leveled. For the winter, be sure to cover the area for planting young cuttings plastic wrap. For propagation, only freshly cut cuttings are used. Moreover, one should strictly adhere to the requirements for their proportions: the stalk should in no case be thin (its development will be too slow, or it will not happen at all), and it should not be too short (there should be at least 4 knots on the stalk, the length is about 12 cm). The lower part of the cuttings is cleared of leaves, processed and planted in the ground to a depth of 1-1.5 cm.

That's all the subtleties that you should know about the methods of reproduction of linden. Be sure to try each of them and compare the result. Good luck!

Linden care and features of its reproduction: video