What is the difference between compost and manure. How to distinguish quality manure. Characteristics and properties of fertile soil

A whole list of organic fertilizers sometimes puts an inexperienced farmer in a difficult position, it is difficult for him to understand the issue: humus or manure as a fertilizer, which better fit for plants? It is especially interesting to establish the truth for those gardeners who have firmly decided to switch to safe way cultivating garden products for his family.

Is there a difference between manure and humus?

In fact, the action of two organic masses is the same - to fertilize the earth and improve its structure, but the effect is different:

humus as a decomposed product acts gently, delicately increases soil fertility, is non-aggressive for plants;
manure - its fresh, concentrated, heterogeneous nutritional composition is mainly used on depleted lands for winter digging.

When deciding what is better to apply: humus or manure as a fertilizer, it is required to take into account that the first product has undergone fermentation, decomposed, while losing some of the substances during overheating, and begins to act immediately after it enters the soil; the second composition only has to go through all the chemical processes in order to become a fertilizer readily available to plants.

Features of manure as a fertilizer

The biological mass effective for increasing fertility differs in quality, depending on which animals it is provided with:

the best humus is horse;
the second in importance and the first in frequency of use is cow;
the worst is pork.

The quality is affected by the litter used: manure on peat litter, sawdust is more suitable and convenient for embedding into the ground than on straw.

Important role plays the degree of decomposition:

the most useful is manure that has rotted to the level of a loose red mass;
the second in value is considered to be half-ripened, with large quantity nutrients;
the least useful for plants and the most concentrated is fresh manure.

The defect of the product is a large number of in its composition not rotted seeds weeds. Once in the ground, they quickly germinate and give the gardener a lot of additional trouble. Although they are also present in humus, the purest in this regard is horse dung, it is not a breeding ground for weeds.

Features of humus as a fertilizer

Humus is animal waste that has decomposed for a long time to the state of black earth, mixed with bedding, food residues, hay, and other biological substances.

Analyzing what to use: humus or manure as a fertilizer, one can come to the conclusion that it has no drawbacks, it is considered homogeneous in composition, does not have the characteristic smell of manure, but smells of earth, is an ideal fertilizer for all crops.

Types in demand agriculture humus:

There are other types of organic fertilizers that are not so often used: rotted sawdust from hardwood trees, pome or rice husk, recently there has been interest in the use of green manure as an alternative to manure. Alternatively, it is also possible to use coconut substrate.

Scope of organic fertilizers in vegetable gardens

Farmer choosing raw materials for personal plot and deciding which is better: humus or manure as a fertilizer, he must know where this or that type of organic matter will bring the greatest benefit.

Fresh manure (especially horse manure) has a high heat transfer, it is used for natural heating of beds in greenhouses or greenhouses, and is used in depleted areas before winter. Filled in the ground, under a layer of snow, it rots, fertilizing and structuring the soil, by spring a valuable layer of aerated nutrient humus ripens, in which many insects and arthropods settle, further improving the composition and porosity of the soil.

Fresh manure is used to prepare a liquid concentrated infusion, then the seedlings are watered in a diluted form.

Humus has a wider application:

In order for manure to turn into a universal nutrient mixture, it needs to be overheated for at least two years, to prepare a valuable organic fertilizer it is quite possible on your own, laying the organic product in piles and pouring layers of soil. Above, you also need a layer of earth to prevent nitrogen volatilization. Periodically, several times per season, the pile is mixed, allowing the substrate to fill with air.

Knowing the purpose of two types of organic matter, the gardener chooses: which fertilizer is better: manure or humus, guided by the needs of personal subsidiary plots. The applied fertilizer is enough for 3-4 years, after which the next filling of the soil with nutrients will be required.

Manure and humus - comparison from gardeners

In this video, gardeners discuss manure and humus, their advantages and disadvantages:

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What to choose humus or manure

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Today, Krasnoyarsk gardeners prefer the organic type of fertilizer. This is because they do not want to pollute the soil with dangerous chemical elements. Even despite the clear progress in the development of the agricultural sector and the development of new nutritional preparations, so far, the best and effective fertilizer account for manure or its subspecies.

There are four types of it:

Finally rotted - is used by introducing it into the soil, for the manufacture of soil mixture, which is used later for seedlings;
Semi-rotted - used as a liquid top dressing;
Fresh - used both to fertilize the soil and to improve plant growth;
Humus is a conditioned type of manure, which has been aged for some time under certain conditions.

Taking into account the fact that manure and humus are produced from the same raw material, their qualitative properties differ markedly from each other. These types of fertilizers are characterized by both their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, there is no established opinion, which is better.

Why humus is better than manure

Humus is a ready-made fertilizer, it can be added to the soil without processing. While manure without prior action can burn root system not mature seedlings. In this regard, when introducing fresh manure in the spring, it is recommended to bury it to a great depth and cover it with an earthen layer.

Most often, fresh manure is used in the autumn. It is used with the soil at the site of future plantings, thoroughly mixing with the soil. With this approach, in winter, snow-covered manure will overheat, and in spring, the land will become completely fertilized. The downside of using this method, taking into account the analyzed topic, with respect to comparing fertilizers such as manure and humus, is a significant decrease in the volume of fertilizer (by 2.5–3 times).

Taking into account the above, and taking into account the insignificant difference in prices between manure and humus, giving preference to the second option, the gardener or gardener receives almost three times more ready-made fertilizer, the peculiarity of which is the absence of the need for additional processing.

Differences between manure and humus

What are the distinctive advantages endowed with manure compared to humus? good example the fact that the drug is perfectly applicable as a liquid top dressing for various plants.

The application is as follows - the manure is diluted until a liquid consistency is obtained, to activate the enzymes, the solution is kept in this form for several days, after which 1 liter of this composition is diluted with ten liters clean water, and the finished product is used on agricultural crops. Use humus, it won't work.

It is also worth considering the “weed theme”, the seeds of which are present in the manure. At that time, it is believed that such a situation does not arise with humus. However, this is a misconception, weeds are also present in it. With all this, it is worth considering that horse manure or humus produced from it does not contain seeds of green pests.

Yet, which is better to use - manure or humus? Let us sum up the following results.

In the event that, first of all, you need to prepare the garden for spring without effort and worries, great option will serve as a humus. It enriches the soil and increases the level of its productivity, and most importantly, it affects the taste characteristics of the crop.

The use of manure for these tasks is also acceptable, however, auxiliary preparation and processing will be required. land plot. To eliminate such a lack of manure, it is possible by using it as a liquid top dressing. In addition, a lot of modern gardeners and gardeners have begun to apply in their activities an innovative method of agrotechnical type - “ warm bed". When using this technique of growing crops, manure is a unique tool.

Buy humus or manure in Krasnoyarsk

Our company "Gruz-Avto" offers delivery of high-quality humus and manure in any volume. You can buy humus in bags from us or order delivery of 3 or 5 cubes. For more details, call our specialists by phone.

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What is the best manure for the garden: features of proper fertilizer

In terms of nutritional properties, horse and cow dung, but at the same time, horse decomposes faster, affecting the ground in the year of introduction; cow dung will take at least 3 years to prove itself. Other types of fertilizers show themselves slowly - excrement of sheep, goats, rabbits. The root of the problem is dependence on the level of moisture used for decomposition.

Remember that chickens are counted in the fall, and the nutritional value of manure is fresh. The freshest manure contains a minimum of nutrients, and is also dangerous for your plantings. In order for the fertilizer to show itself in all its glory, it must be allowed to settle. Also, the final nutritional value is affected by the type of soil, if your site has black soil, then cow dung can also be used, since the soil itself is quite fertile.

Rabbit. Rabbit feces are much drier than other animal waste and do not contain weed seeds. Compared to other fertilizers, it contains fewer harmful microorganisms, which allows it to be used without pre-training and processing. Rabbit droppings are often made into a powder that can be used to fertilize flowers at home. For 1 kg of material there are: 2.2 g of nitrogen, 1.9 g of phosphorus, 1.5 g of potassium, 0.6 g of calcium.

Lamb (sheep). Litter of rams and sheep is the least in demand as fertilizer, despite the high nitrogen content, it is most often used as biofuel. For 1 kg of feces there are: 1.8-4.2 g of nitrogen, 2.5 g of potassium, 0.6 g of phosphorus. The unpopularity of this type of feces is due to the complexity of processing and use. They do not mix well with straw bedding, decompose quickly, give too much bad smell, which can be removed with peat. Peat is one of the elements of cleaning rooms after sheep compost. In addition, the decomposition period is too long, which makes it not the most profitable investment.

Let's go backwards in search of the most nutritious manure. Small livestock (rams, sheep, pigs) produce fertilizer with a minimum amount of organic elements. Often such material is used as biofuel, less often for application to clayey, loamy soils. Cow - the most common, but also not very nutritious, and also light. It remains only to fertilize the soil with horse manure, because according to useful elements it is the most stable.

Video "All about organic fertilizer"

Informative video about the benefits of organic fertilizer and the rules for its use.

Types of manure (by degree of maturity)

The quality and types of compost are determined not only by origin, but also by the degree of maturity. It is important to know when it is better to use humus, what to mix the black soil with, what soil to fertilize and at what stage. This will help improve general state vegetable garden.

How to fertilize

Properly fertilizing the land before planting is an indispensable skill that will increase the yield, plant health, and land quality. Insofar as different types manure have their own characteristics and characteristics, it is important to know when and what material is best applied to the soil.

For cow manure, the norm will be 7-10 kg per 1 sq. m, but it must be applied once every 3 years, if the soil is black earth; 2 years if the soil is sandy. Keep in mind that light soil accelerates decomposition, so you will need less soil for a greenhouse than for open areas. Horse manure will require only 5 kg per 1 sq. m of territory. Usually it is laid on peat, and black soil is poured on top. The height of the layer should be at least 20 cm. Humus will warm up your plants, and peat, as bedding, will retain moisture.

Rabbit excrement is used to feed trees and bushes, at the rate of 1.5-2 kg per 12 liters of water. To feed domestic plants, use a powder with a proportion: 3 tablespoons of soil per 1 tablespoon of manure. Peat is always used as a compost bed to provide a natural moisture trap. Sheep and rabbit feces are suitable for cold soil, because of its density and dryness, it decomposes more slowly. When choosing what kind of manure to use on your site, consider the above nuances and then your crop will be rich, tasty, healthy.

Video "About the use of cow feces"

What is biohumus? How is manure different from compost? What is the difference between rotted and caked sawdust? Is it useful to sprinkle the beds with ashes? These and a thousand other questions haunt novice gardeners. Especially if they are going to engage in organic farming, that is, do not use all kinds of garden “chemistry” on their site.

Especially for beginners in horticultural science, today's article is intended on the topic of organic fertilizers, their types, differences and useful properties.

Of the organic fertilizers that are used in our country, the most popular are manure, bird and rabbit droppings, compost, humus, biohumus, ash, sawdust, green manure and herbal infusion.

Other types of organic fertilizers of plant and animal origin can also be found abroad: bone and blood meal, fish emulsion, alfalfa, cotton and soy flour, green sand, algae fertilizers, etc. But it is almost impossible to get them from us, so we will stop on more familiar types of organic matter.

Manure is the excrement of herbivores mixed with bedding (straw), scraps of hay and other feed. Most often, when it comes to manure, we mean cow manure (rarely horse manure).

Any manure is considered to be more of a nitrogen fertilizer, although it contains potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and a lot of trace elements. Therefore, fertilizing with manure is preferable in the first half of the season, when the plants are actively gaining green mass.

Usually, gardeners are afraid to use fresh manure as fertilizer because of the fear of "burning" the plants. As a rule, it is left to lie in a closed dense pile for a whole year to get the so-called rotted manure. It is he who is recommended for the preparation of liquid dressings or incorporation into the soil for digging. However, some summer residents successfully use fresh manure. For example, for or at .

What is the use of manure? In addition to the nutrients that manure enriches the soil, it gives it porosity, increases permeability, and creates an attractive habitat for beneficial microorganisms and worms.

For basic fertilizer horticultural crops manure is used in diluted form. First, prepare the "mullein" - a concentrate of cow dung. To do this, a third of the bucket is filled with manure, topped up with water and insisted for a week. Then the concentrate is diluted with water in various proportions, 2:1, 5:1 or 10:1, depending on the type of top dressing.

The disadvantages of manure as an organic fertilizer include, firstly, its high cost, and secondly, the presence of a large number of weed seeds inside, which can sprout and add trouble with weeding.

Compost

Compost is a decomposed mass of all kinds of predominantly plant residues and waste. On the suburban area usually allocate a separate corner for the compost heap, where all weeded weeds, kitchen waste, fallen leaves, tops, paper, sawdust, branches are sent. The more diverse the composition of the compost heap, the better the finished product.

With the advent of concentrated EM preparations on sale, it is possible to cook.

For compost to mature properly, it needs warmth and moisture. Therefore, the compost heap is often covered with a black film: both heat is retained and moisture does not evaporate. The shoveling of a heap or watering with a solution of EM preparations, which, by the way, can be done, significantly accelerates the ripening of compost.

To use compost as a fertilizer, it is mixed with the ground. If the waste has been composted for more than a year, then you can safely use it in its pure form. And crops like squash, cucumbers, and squash thrive and thrive when planted directly in the compost heap.

Humus

Humus is manure or compost that has decomposed for more than two years. Individual plant residues are already invisible in humus, it is a loose dark substance with the smell of fresh earth. Humus has no drawbacks, it is an ideal fertilizer for any crop.

Humus is often used to prepare soil for seedlings, as a mulching material, as a “filler” for holes with the most “capricious” and nutritionally demanding crops.

Bird and rabbit droppings

The content of nitrogen and other elements in the dung of poultry and rabbits is superior to that of cow dung. It is much more convenient to store (it is sold dry in bags) and does not need to be aged or composted with other waste for overheating. For these and many other reasons, many summer residents switched to fertilizing plots with litter instead of manure.

Bird droppings are also good because they are quite economical to use. Because it is rarely used in its pure form, except that it is scattered in the fall for digging. And for the preparation of all kinds of dressings, the litter is first infused for a day (1:10 with water), and then diluted in a ratio of 1 part of the infusion to 4-5 parts of water.

Biohumus

Biohumus is compost, manure or humus that has been “treated” earthworms, ordinary rain or specially grown red California.

Biohumus can rightfully be considered the most valuable organic fertilizer. In addition to micro- and macroelements, it is rich in humic acids, thanks to which soil fertility quickly and significantly increases. Biohumus is sold both in dry form and in the form of a liquid concentrate. It can be used everywhere and in any quantity.

Sawdust

Sawdust can be called the most controversial organic fertilizer, because some gardeners are afraid of them (they say that sawdust pulls a lot of nitrogen out of the soil), while others gladly fill the beds with fresh sawdust and praise it wood fertilizer(said to work especially well on garlic).

To get rid of the alleged shortcomings of sawdust, they are not used in fresh, but in the overripe one. In an effort to turn fresh sawdust into rotten newcomers, the mistake is often made to leave them lying in a closed pile just like manure. Unfortunately, having lain for a whole season in this form, sawdust does not become a valuable fertilizer. Rather the opposite. They turn into dangerous caked sawdust, which, without access to oxygen, “sour” inside the heap. How to make sawdust rush?

The sawdust itself will rot for a very long time. To speed up this process, gardeners mix sawdust with nitrogen fertilizers. Who is not against chemistry, uses urea for this purpose. Supporters organic farming add fresh grass to the sawdust. After that, the mixture is well moistened, put in black bags, closed and forgotten about for three weeks. After the due date, sawdust can be used for mulching, laid in beds for digging, scattered in berry fields, etc.

Sawdust is excellent for loosening and fertilizing the soil, it is often very easy to get it for free, so the use of sawdust as a fertilizer has a great future.

Ash

Ash is irreplaceable potash fertilizer in organic farming. It reduces the acidity of the soil and enriches it valuable trace elements: potassium, phosphorus, manganese, boron.

Ash from burning straw is considered the most valuable, but most often gardeners use wood ash, which is more accessible to everyone. It is worth remembering that in the ashes deciduous trees more useful substances than in the ashes of conifers. The ash from the burning of young small branches is richer in nutrients than the ash from old rotten trunks.

Ash is very often used in mixed dressings with manure or litter, it is added to herbal infusion, layers of plant residues in compost heaps are poured into it. The only vegetable that does not like ashes very much is carrots. But nightshade (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers) adore her!

siderates

Growing green manure and their distinctive features we devoted several issues at once.

The issue of environmental friendliness of products in last years became especially acute. That is why organic farming methods, which do not use any artificial fertilizers, have gained immense popularity. As centuries-old experience shows, plants grown on animal waste products give excellent harvests and completely safe for health. What is better as a fertilizer - humus or, this article will tell.

What is better as fertilizer - manure or humus for the garden?

Although both are essentially undigested plant food residues, they affect the soil in different ways. The action of humus can be compared with a nutrient broth - it also gently and without harm to plants improves the composition of the soil, saturating it necessary elements. To enrich the heavily depleted soil in the garden, it is better to use manure as a more concentrated fertilizer and only if applied before winter.

What is the difference between manure and manure?

To figure out which fertilizer is better, you need to clearly understand how they differ:

Manure:

fresh product that has not undergone fermentation;
has a heterogeneous structure and contains undigested plant residues, seeds, etc.;
contains more nutrients;
before giving the useful content to the soil, it must enter into the process of over-ripening;
brought only before winter.

For guaranteed collection big harvest soil in the area without fail should be suitable. It is a mistake to believe that absolutely everything will melt on black soil and bear fruit several times a year. Each plant puts forward its own conditions for the soil, which the gardener / gardener must comply with. Of course, chernozem is present in almost every type of soil. It is only important to ensure the correct combination with other constituent parts soil.

One of the main problems when buying black soil is fraud. Visually, black earth is not yet black soil. Summer residents without much experience in gardening often do not have the ability to distinguish between truly natural black soil, then its “cheap substitutes”. Naturally, buying ordinary soil at the price of black soil is idiocy. On the website http://ekogrunty.ru/chernozem/ you can buy black soil with a guarantee highest quality. Also logistics problems can be solved.

In order to reliably distinguish black soil from peat, it is necessary to imagine their specifics in detail. Chernozem is a type of soil that was formed in nature as a result of decay. huge amount root material.

In addition, do not forget that black soil is a member of the natural ecosystem. In fact, black soil cannot arise if living organisms do not live in it: earthworms, marmots, moles, etc.

Peat is formed exclusively in swampy, wet areas. It arises as a result of decay of the remains of animals and plants. Moreover, in order for peat to arise, it is necessary natural deficiency air.

Chernozem can be used on the site immediately. It is enough to scatter it over the surface of the soil and dig it up for enrichment. Peat is strictly forbidden to be introduced into the soil unprepared. It needs to be recomputed first.

By by and large, today there are two methods for identifying the indicated differences:

squeezing a clod of soil in your hand;
filling the soil clod with water and waiting for it to dry.

Indeed, it is enough to squeeze a lump of black soil to understand whether the seller is deceiving you or not. After you release the compressed lump from your hand, a greasy and dark mark will remain on the skin. After peat, this will never happen.

The second way is even easier. A lump of black soil and a lump of peat are saturated with moisture to the limit. After that, they are left in the sun - it is necessary to wait for drying. Chernozem retains moisture very well and for a long time.

Peat dries up literally before our eyes (after all, peat in the vast majority is used to ensure soil looseness).

The video talks about how to use peat in gardening:

A whole list of organic fertilizers sometimes puts an inexperienced farmer in a difficult position, it is difficult for him to figure out the question: humus or manure as fertilizer, which is better for plants? It is especially interesting to establish the truth for those gardeners who have firmly decided to switch to a safe way of cultivating garden products for their families.

Is there a difference between manure and humus?

In fact, the action of two organic masses is the same - to fertilize the earth and improve its structure, but the effect is different:

humus as a decomposed product acts gently, delicately increases soil fertility, is non-aggressive for plants;
manure - its fresh, concentrated, heterogeneous nutritional composition is mainly used on depleted lands for winter digging.

Features of manure as a fertilizer

The biological mass effective for increasing fertility differs in quality, depending on which animals it is provided with:

the best humus -;
the second in importance and the first in frequency of use is cow;
the worst is pork.

The quality is affected by the litter used: manure on peat litter, sawdust is more suitable and convenient for embedding into the ground than on straw.

The degree of decomposition plays an important role:

the most useful is manure that has rotted to the level of a loose red mass;
the second most valuable is considered to be half-ripe, with a large amount of nutrients;
the least useful for plants and the most concentrated is fresh manure.

The disadvantage of the product is considered to be a large number of not rotted weed seeds in its composition. Once in the ground, they quickly germinate and give the gardener a lot of additional trouble. Although they are also present in humus, horse manure is the purest in this regard, it is not a breeding ground for weeds.

Features of humus as a fertilizer

Humus is animal waste that has decomposed for a long time to the state of black earth, mixed with bedding, food residues, hay, and other biological substances.

Types of humus in demand in agriculture:

There are other types of organic fertilizers that are not so often used: rotted sawdust from hardwood trees, seed or rice husks, which have recently attracted interest as an alternative to manure. Alternatively, it is also possible to use .

Scope of organic fertilizers in vegetable gardens

The farmer, choosing raw materials for a personal plot and deciding which is better: humus or manure as a fertilizer, must know where this or that type of organic matter will bring the greatest benefit.

Fresh manure (especially horse manure) has a high heat transfer, it is used for natural heating of beds in greenhouses or used in depleted areas before winter. Filled in the ground, under a layer of snow, it rots, fertilizing and structuring the soil, by spring a valuable layer of aerated nutrient humus ripens, in which many insects and arthropods settle, further improving the composition and porosity of the soil.

Fresh manure is used to prepare a liquid concentrated infusion, then the seedlings are watered in a diluted form.

Humus has a wider application:

In order for manure to turn into a universal nutrient mixture, it needs to be overheated for at least two years, it is quite possible to prepare a valuable organic fertilizer on your own, laying the organic product in heaps and pouring it with layers of soil. Above, you also need a layer of earth to prevent nitrogen volatilization. Periodically, several times per season, the pile is mixed, allowing the substrate to fill with air.

Manure and humus - comparison from gardeners

In this video, gardeners discuss manure and humus, their advantages and disadvantages:

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