Atmospheric pressure at various altitudes and an aneroid barometer. Instructions

BAROMETER
a device for measuring the pressure of atmospheric air. Pressure is the force acting per unit area of ​​a surface. The Earth's atmosphere, extending hundreds of kilometers upwards, exerts pressure on the Earth's surface; The barometer is used to measure this pressure. Atmospheric, or barometric, pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury and in pascals (see below). Changes in atmospheric pressure are usually associated with changes in weather conditions. Pressure usually falls before a storm, and its increase portends good weather. By marking changes in pressure on a map, one can determine the direction of winds and the movement of cyclones. Lines of equal pressure are called isobars from the Greek. isos (equal) and baros (weight). Barometers were adapted to measure altitude, as atmospheric air pressure decreases with increasing altitude. Aircraft are equipped with such devices (altimeters), climbers take them with them. There are two main types of barometers - mercury and aneroid. The mercury barometer is more accurate and reliable than the aneroid. Aneroid is more compact and convenient, it can be made pocket-sized.
Mercury barometer. A mercury barometer shows atmospheric pressure as the height of the mercury column, which can be measured on a scale attached to the side. In its simplest form (Fig. 1), it is a mercury-filled glass tube approx. 80 cm, sealed at one end and open at the other, immersed with the open end in a cup (sometimes called a cistern) of mercury. There is no air in a barometric tube, and the space at the top of the tube is called the Torricellian void.

Rice. 1. MERCURY BAROMETER. The simplest mercury barometer (left) is a mercury-filled glass tube with its open end dipped into a cup of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises and falls as the weather changes. In the siphon barometer (middle), changes in the mercury level at the open end of the tube are transmitted by means of a weight W with a counterweight C to an arrow that points to the inscriptions on the dial that predict the weather. The Fortin barometer (on the right) is a cup barometer in which the zero of the scale is set by turning the screw A until the bone point T touches the mercury surface; For a more accurate reading on the scale, a vernier (vernier) is provided.


To make a mercury barometer, you must first fill the tube with mercury. Then, pinching the open end index finger, immerse this end in the mercury in the cup. As soon as you remove your finger, the mercury in the tube will drop so much that the pressure of its column will be balanced by the atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of the mercury in the cup. After that, atmospheric pressure can be measured as the height h of the mercury column that it balances. When the atmospheric pressure changes, the height of the column will change. The average atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. (1 mm Hg = 133.3 Pa).
Aneroid. There is no liquid in the aneroid (Fig. 2) (Greek "aneroid" - "anhydrous"). It shows the atmospheric pressure acting on a corrugated thin-walled metal box in which a vacuum is created. With a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the box expands slightly, and with an increase, it contracts and acts on a spring attached to it. In practice, several (up to ten) aneroid boxes are often used, connected in series, and there is a lever transmission system that turns the arrow moving along a circular scale calibrated by a mercury barometer. As with the siphon mercury barometer (Fig. 1), the aneroid scale can be inscribed ("rain", "variably", "clear", "very dry") indicating weather.



The aneroid is smaller than a mercury barometer and easier to read. It can be used in expeditionary conditions, on ships, aircraft, etc. If you attach a pen to its arrow, it will record readings. Such barographs, i.e. aneroids that register barometric pressure are available at all weather stations.
LITERATURE
Kedrolivansky V.N., Sternzat M.S. meteorological instruments. L., 1953 Gaevsky N.A. Pressure measurement technique. M., 1970 Osadchiy E.P. Designing sensors for measuring mechanical quantities. M., 1979 Fedyakov E.M. and other Measurements of variable pressures. M., 1982

Collier Encyclopedia. - Open Society. 2000 .

Synonyms:

See what "BAROMETER" is in other dictionaries:

    Barometer ... Spelling Dictionary

    barometer- well. barometer m. 1. A device for measuring atmospheric pressure. BAS 2. A barometer is called a tool, with its help the gravity of the Atmosphere can be known. CH 109. The barometer soon rose to the top. Ledyan. House 32. Ponezhe Imp. led. was willing to order ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

    - (from the Greek. baros heaviness, and metron measure). An instrument that determines the measure of air pressure and can therefore, to some extent, predict the weather. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. BAROMETER from Greek ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

    BAROMETER, a device for measuring ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. There are two main types of barometers: the mercury barometer and the aneroid; the latter is less accurate, however, commonly used in barographs and in household use. The mercury barometer consists of a glass ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

    BAROMETER- (from Greek baros gravity and metron measure), a device for measuring atmospheric pressure. atmospheric air has a certain weight and elasticity and its own, it exerts mass. pressure on all objects that have direct or indirect with it; new contact... Big medical encyclopedia

    - (barometer obsolete), barometer, male. (from the Greek. baros heaviness and metron measure). A device for measuring atmospheric pressure. Barometers are mercury and aneroid. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

    - (Barometer) a device for measuring atmospheric pressure (air pressure). At meteorological stations, mercury bombs are used, which consist of a tube filled with mercury sealed at the top and immersed with the open end in a cup filled with mercury. The greater the pressure ... ... Marine Dictionary

    barometer- Absolute pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the near-Earth atmosphere. Note A barometer with continuous readings is called a barograph. [GOST 8.271 77] Pressure measurement topics EN barometerpressure indicator DE… … Technical Translator's Handbook

    Barometer- The barometer portends imminent changes in affairs that will turn out to be very positive. If the barometer is broken, brace yourself for trouble... Big universal dream book

    BAROMETER- (from the Greek "baros" gravity and "metreo" I measure) a device for measuring atmospheric pressure. Usually they use a metal aneroid barometer, in which a hermetically sealed metal box changes its shape under the action of an external ... ... Brief Encyclopedia household

    Barometer- - absolute pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the near-Earth atmosphere. Note. A barometer with continuous readings is called a barograph. [GOST 8.271 77] Term heading: Devices Encyclopedia headings: Abrasive equipment ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

Types of barometers: A mercury barometer consists of a tube filled with mercury and a container of liquid. One end of the tube is sealed, and the other is lowered into the liquid. The aneroid barometer does not use liquid; the sensitive element in it is a corrugated box with slightly rarefied air. This box slightly changes its size depending on atmospheric pressure, these changes are displayed by an arrow attached to it with sensitive springs. Aneroid barometer can often be found in everyday life, beautifully designed it can serve as an unusual gift, not only beautiful, but also useful, especially for a weather-dependent person.

Method of measurement: If you have a home barometer, it is not difficult to measure atmospheric pressure. You just need to look at which division the arrow points to, often on home barometers there are additional designations “clear”, “variably”, “rain”. Moreover, there are barometers with 2 arrows - one of them is movable and indicates pressure, and the second can be moved independently. By installing it in the zone indicated by the movable arrow, after a while you can check the reading of the device and understand whether the pressure rises or falls. It is more difficult to determine the level of atmospheric pressure without a barometer. To do this, you can watch the sparks from the antennas of a tram or trolleybus, with high pressure sparks will be bright blue, and at low slightly greenish. In nature, you can use a branch coniferous tree. To do this, you need to remove all the needles from it except for one, then fix it vertically on the plank and observe. In clear weather, the needle will rise, and fall in the rain. However, it is still more convenient to have a ready-made device on hand.

Barometric Pressure Benefits: Needless to say, it helps meteorologists predict the weather. First of all, weather-dependent people need readings of atmospheric pressure. The pressure level begins to change before the weather changes, which means that by observing the pressure variable you can prepare for possible problems with health. People with cardiovascular diseases, hypotension and hypertension, migraines and other diseases react to the weather. Timely intake of the necessary drugs will reduce the risk of exacerbation of the disease during the period of weather change.

The level of atmospheric pressure is not the readings that the announcer lists during the broadcast of the weather forecast on TV or radio. These are indicators that can significantly improve the quality of life for you and your relatives, if you understand them and follow the change in pressure. After all, information about the drop in pressure may prompt you to take an umbrella with you.

Barometer - Thermometer - Hygrometer

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION 1. BAROMETER

How a barometer works

The barometer measures pressure in HectoPascals (hPa, 940-1060) or millimeters of mercury (mmHg, 710-800). Atmosphere pressure depends on weather conditions and altitude above sea level. By observing the change in atmospheric pressure, you will be able to judge the upcoming change in the weather.

ATTENTION! The barometer is in an inactive state!

How to activate (configure) the barometer:

The barometer is initially (1 time) adjusted according to the atmospheric pressure in your area.

1. Find out the exact barometric pressure from your local weather service or online (www. meteoprog. ua) , as well as from the readings of accurate calibrated instruments.

2. Use a small screwdriver to carefully turn the adjusting screw on the back side barometer, to the right (clockwise) until the black working barometer needle points to the current atmospheric pressure. The black working arrow of the barometer itself, at the same time, must rotate counterclockwise. Watch the arrow carefully when you turn the screw, do not scroll it too far - the working black arrow should make no more than one full turn on the scale.

Below is a barometer setting option: it is necessary to set the value to 735 mm Hg. (the working arrow is in the position of 744 mmHg):

CORRECT ROTATION OF THE BLACK WORKING ARROW

INCORRECT (incomplete) ROTATION OF THE BLACK WORKING ARROW

3. To obtain more accurate readings after adjustment, it is recommended to lightly tap the barometer glass with your finger. Align the yellow movable arrow with the black working arrow, i.e. note the current pressure value and then follow the readings of the device (the movement of the black arrow) - the change in pressure over time.

Pressure drops - to bad weather.

The pressure drops quickly short period time - to a thunderstorm and a storm.

The pressure is rising - to good weather.

The pressure rises rapidly in a short period of time - to a short-term improvement in the weather.

THE SELLER IS OBLIGED TO DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT SETTING OF THE BAROMETER!!!

SECTION 2. THERMOMETER AND HYGROMETER (if equipped with the model)

The thermometer measures the air temperature in degrees Celsius (0 C) or Fahrenheit (0 F).

A hygrometer measures the relative humidity of the air. Too dry air in the house is harmful to human health and unfavorable for indoor plants. Dry air has an adverse effect on wooden floors and furniture, especially antique furniture. The optimal combination of temperature and humidity depending on the type of room:

room

Temperature, 0 With

Humidity, %

corridors and stairwells

Bedroom. Kitchen, dining room

Living room

The thermometer and hygrometer are already adjusted at the factory.

If you find any malfunctions in the thermometer, barometer, hygrometer, clock, contact the place of sale.

SECTION 3. INSTALLATION AND ASSEMBLY

The product can be hung on the wall for fastening using the hole on the back of the product. To obtain more complete and accurate information about changes in atmospheric pressure, it is recommended to keep the barometer in one stationary place. Do not install the product near heat sources or in direct sunlight. Protect the product from rain and moisture.

SECTION 4. CARE AND STORAGE

The device must always be dry. Handle the device carefully, do not drop it. Keep your body clean. Wipe the case and glass with a slightly damp cloth, do not use any solvent other than water for cleaning. Self-repair attempts may render the instrument completely unusable and void your warranty.

Warranty service is carried out at the place of sale with a receipt confirming the date of purchase.

The warranty does not apply in case of: mechanical damage to the case and component parts of the product, use of the product for other purposes, unauthorized repair of the product.

The device is not subject to mandatory certification. Hygienic conclusion No. 5.10/880.

Manufacturer: TFA Dostmann GmbH & Co. Germany. www.tfa-dostmann.de

In everyday life, we are surrounded by many measuring instruments. The appearance in the house of counters for hot, cold water or gas is perceived as a necessity, a thermometer for determining body temperature ̶ as a vital necessity, especially if there are small children in the house. Purchasing other household measuring instruments may be related to hobbies or health concerns. This is how barometers appear in houses. Why is it needed?

Do you remember what a barometer is and what it is for?

From the physics course for grade 7, it is known that a barometer is a device that measures atmospheric pressure. Once upon a time, the Italian scientist Torricelli found that air has a certain weight. The entire multi-layered atmosphere with some force presses on our planet and everything that is on it. The scientist conducted the first experiments on measurement with mercury placed in an empty vessel. The result of the research was to find the value of normal atmospheric pressure. It was determined at a temperature of 15ᵒ C and was found to be 760 mmHg.

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Modern atmospheric pressure meters are divided into mercury and mechanical devices. At home, non-liquid barometers (aneroids) are more often used. They are safe to use. Although their accuracy is not one hundred percent, you will definitely know whether it will be dry outside or you will have to take an umbrella. Exceeding the mark of the value of normal atmospheric pressure means that the weather is improving. If the arrow points to a number below 760, then expect precipitation. For clarity, barometer manufacturers supplement the instrument scale with the inscriptions “Clear”, “Rain”, “Variable”.

Refreshing the concept what is a barometer and why is it needed, moving on. Now let's find out who needs it the most.

Meteorological dependence and what a barometer is for

The fact that weather and human well-being have a close relationship has been known since ancient times. Everyone reacts to climate change differently. Some people have exacerbated manifestations of problems with respiratory system, others have interruptions in the work of the heart and blood vessels, kidneys. People with high and low blood pressure are sensitive to weather changes.

According to statistics, more than half of the adult population suffers from various chronic diseases. It is vital for such people to resist weather changes, taking preventive measures. The weather-dependent population must know what barometers are and what they are for.

Does the arrow of the instrument indicate a decrease in atmospheric pressure? Attention, hypotensives! You can prepare for the vagaries of nature by extending your walks by fresh air and taking tonic preparations based on ginseng, eleutherococcus.

If the atmospheric pressure is higher than normal, care should be taken by those whose own pressure is elevated. Doctors recommend stocking up on motherwort tinctures during this period, being less nervous and postponing physical exercise until better times.

Go to an aneroid bath or what a steam room barometer is for.

A visit to the steam room is always associated with a great load on the body. Well, if you are a fan of going to the bathhouse with experience. Then you can rely on your subjective feelings. And what to do when family members gathered to take a steam bath, who are already “far beyond ...” or do you want to take the kids with you?

In this case, you must remember not only the temperature in the steam room, but also the atmospheric pressure, What is a barometer for?. Special models are now being produced with a scale that reflects the entire possible range of changes in readings. For a steam room, it is better to choose a barometer with a maximum capacity. Then his testimony will be extremely accurate, and your elderly relatives and small children will receive only positive emotions and recovery from visiting the bathhouse.

Does the fish know what barometers are and what they are for?

The fish hardly knows, but a good fisherman always has a barometer. Some prefer homemade copies.

Some useful tips, which will help to make any exit to the reservoir a "fish day".

●If within three days the readings of the device are approximately at the same mark (± 2 mm), there will be a good bite. Here what is a barometer for!

●Did the pressure rise or fall by 7-8 bars per day? Reel your fishing rods. The fish is not up to you now - she is moping. Leave thoughts about fishing for a few days, let the future catch adapt to new weather conditions;

●If a pressure surge occurred while you were sitting peacefully with a fishing rod, you will have to change the deployment point. Try to move from shallow water to more deep places. It is noticed that when the pressure increases, the fish rises closer to the surface of the water, goes to the riffles. When the pressure drops, the fish goes "underground".

Vika Dee September 15, 2018, 09:21

Barometer - special device, intended for measuring atmospheric pressure. The mercury barometer was invented by the famous mathematician and physicist Evangelista Torricelli. This event took place in 1644. Initially, the device was a plate in which mercury was poured, and a test tube in the form of a flask. In spite of simple design, as atmospheric pressure increased, mercury moved upwards and vice versa. Subsequently, the barometer was improved and an aneroid appeared (the device is distinguished by the absence of liquid and the presence of a sensitive inner box with rarefied air).

Photograph of a barometer

Research for the invention of the barometer

An Italian scientist in the 17th century conducted research to create a barometer. By now device upgraded and continue to be actively used to make weather forecasts for the coming days. Measurement of atmospheric air pressure allows you to predict weather changes.

The famous Italian scientist Torricelli invented the mercury barometer. thanks to experience. The main objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of atmospheric pressure on the planet Earth and the features of weather conditions.

A hollow glass tube was used for the experiment.

It had one hole. The tube was filled with mercury. Then the end was closed. After that, the flask was inverted and placed in a cup with the same liquid, with further opening of the hole. The filler spilled out only partially. The remaining amount of filler stopped at 760 mm. A vacuum was created in the tube over the remaining liquid. This is research helped create the first kind of barometer. In the future, scientists began to invent other models that are distinguished by improved performance.

barometer working, since atmospheric pressure affects the surface of the liquid in the flask, and mercury can rise or fall.

Vintage drawing of a barometer

Types of barometers

All barometers are divided into 2 large groups: mechanical and electronic. Knowing who invented the barometer itself simple type, it is important to consider the differences between the available varieties. In addition, in the 21st century, manufacturers continue to invent improved models, different high level functionality.

mechanical barometer

Such devices are mercury. Usage mechanical barometers in everyday life is considered dangerous: mercury is a toxic substance. AT living conditions only non-liquid mechanical barometers (aneroids) are used, but they are less accurate.

On the back wall any mechanical barometer installed adjusting screw. It is recommended that you tune your device regularly to be more accurate.

There is another arrow in front, but it is not connected to the mechanism. It can only be turned by hand.

The front hand allows you to follow barometric pressure fluctuations over several days

To fix the current readings, you should set the arrow to the mark, taking into account the current data (they are determined by the rear arrow). Regular monitoring of the position of the two hands allows you to determine weather changes.

Mechanical barometers are desktop and wall. They are usually used in educational institutions, offices.

Desktop mechanical barometer

Electronic barometer

Modern devices are electronic. They also work on the basis of an aneroid sensor, the signal of which is converted into an electrical potential. The signal is then processed by the microprocessor.

The display shows easy-to-read data: you can set the necessary information yourself

Modern electronic barometers are offered with optional useful features:

  • up-to-date weather forecast for the near future;
  • history of changes in atmospheric pressure and air for the last day;
  • thermometer;
  • date and current time;
  • backlight, which facilitates the use of the device in the dark;
  • protection against mechanical factors and moisture ingress.

Some Models electronic barometers are lightweight and compact, making them portable weather station. Such devices are useful for fishermen and hunters.

Electronic barometer

Electronic barometers display Atmosphere pressure in millibars ( optimal value– 1013) or hectopascals (1013 hPa). In the CIS, the standard is millimeters of mercury with a standard value of 760 mmHg.

The barometer must be adjusted. Here are our tips:

  1. It is recommended to find out the exact atmospheric pressure indicator.
  2. Then use the adjusting screw located on the back of the device.
  3. With a screwdriver, set the main arrow to the value of atmospheric pressure. Sometimes the adjusting screw does not allow the arrow to be adjusted. In this case, carefully move the scale.
  4. On the barometer reading amend if necessary. To do this, refer to the instructions for the device.

This setting is required before using the device. Then the readings are taken twice a day at the same time. If unstable weather conditions are noted, the indicators are taken more often (about once every 2 hours). Before as find out evidence, it is advisable to tap the glass with your finger and reduce the friction in the hand drive system for proper fixation.

Determine atmospheric pressure

Features of data interpretation

A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. A decrease in indicators portends worsening weather, an increase - an improvement. Also take into account dynamics of change:

  1. Atmospheric pressure can gradually decline. In this case, in 6-12 hours the weather will be inclement and windy.
  2. pressure can fall sharply. In this case, a thunderstorm, a storm will begin in a couple of hours.
  3. Atmospheric pressure stabilization portends the cessation of rains, the weakening of the winds and the improvement of weather conditions.

In winter, high atmospheric pressure indicates frost, low pressure indicates warming and rain. In summer, an increase indicates the upcoming heat, a decrease indicates cool and inclement weather. With steady weather at 10 and 22 o'clock there will be a maximum, at 4 and 16 o'clock - at least.

Use of barometers is still important to people. Modern barometers help to quickly and easily determine the weather conditions.

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