The most famous species of evergreen coniferous tree is Cedar Pine.  The most famous types of evergreen coniferous tree - Cedar Pine European Cedar description

European cedar, also called European cedar pine, belongs to the pine family. He can be found in southern regions France, as well as in the eastern regions of the Alps, Tatras and Carpathians. Prefers moderately moist clay soil. It can grow up to 25 meters in height, and its life expectancy is from 800 to 1000 years. Among the pine family, it is one of the frost-resistant and is able to tolerate temperatures down to -43 degrees. It grows at altitudes from 1500 to 2000 meters above sea level, preferring the southern or southeastern slopes. For normal growth required temperature and humidity, a large number sunlight. Basically, it is a drought-resistant plant, with the exception of the spring period, when it needs abundant watering.

European cedar is very similar to Siberian cedar, but has a lower tree trunk height and is distinguished by thin but longer needles. The crown of the cedar tree has a wide ovoid shape. The diameter of the trunk can reach 1.5 meters at a height of 10 to 25 meters. At the beginning of growth, when it is still young, the trunk has a slender shape, but as it grows, it curves and can have a bizarre figure. Along with the trunk, the branches are also bent, on which the needles grow, distributed in bunches and having 5 needles about 9 centimeters long in each bunch. In addition to needles, cones can be found on the tree, about 8 centimeters long and within 7 centimeters wide. There are seeds in the cones of the European cedar. The size of these seeds ranges from 8 to 12 mm. There can be up to 4 thousand of them in one kilogram. The wood is covered with gray-brown bark with pubescence and characteristic grooves. It has a powerful, wide-spread root system that enters deep into the ground.

European cedar wood is widely used for making handicrafts or decorative sheathing of residential premises, as it has a very beautiful pattern. In addition, its wood is quite durable, even in comparison with Siberian cedar. Its annual growth is no more than 15-25cm in height and about 10cm in width.

European cedar is widely used in the design of landscape gardening. These trees look good both in a group planting option and in a single one. At the same time, it goes well with deciduous plantings, harmonizes well with rhododendron, larches, oaks, mountain ash. Grows well near water bodies. It is not recommended to cut or trim this tree, but it is possible to form a crown by breaking out growth buds. in early spring or in autumn. It is also possible to prune growing branches in the summer.

European cedar does not require special care. It is best to purchase seedlings in a pot, which will make it possible to preserve the root system. As a result, the plant takes root perfectly in a new place. In addition, having bought potted cedar seedlings, it can be transplanted from mid-March to the end of November, including periods in the midst of the heat. European cedar is quite drought-resistant and can grow on both dry and moist soils. And only in the spring, during waking up, it requires abundant watering and frequent spraying. For normal further growth, it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity, and in young age requires constant spraying.

When planting it and during its further growth, it will not be superfluous to feed the plant. For this purpose, humus or nitroammophoska is added to the soil during planting. In the future, it is possible to apply fertilizers in small quantities: 30-40 grams per square meter. European cedar does not require any additional watering in adulthood. Throughout the growth around the root system is formed thick layer bedding from fallen needles. This layer of humus is excellent at retaining moisture. It is necessary to ensure that this layer is not strongly compacted and loosen it from time to time.

You can slow down the growth of a tree and additional shoots by breaking out annual growths. Thus, it will be possible to form a denser crown. Although the plant is frost-resistant, young seedlings must be protected from low temperatures. To do this, young trees are covered for the winter with various suitable materials. After the end of frost, the trees are released from such protection.

European cedar pine (European cedar) has more than 100 species. Among these species, you can also find decorative ones that gardeners successfully use to decorate their personal plots.

European cedar gives valuable wood, its seeds are very fond of birds and insects, they produce from needles medical preparations(vitamins) and brew an antiscurvy decoction. In addition, wood has antiseptic properties and has nice smell. Crafts, as well as furniture made from cedar wood, do not rot and are preserved for a long time. In the recent past, tubs for milk were made from it, and the milk did not sour in them for a long time. It should be noted that cedar wood is very easy to process.

Cedar belongs to a large family of Pine, genus - Cedar, or Siberian Cedar Pine. This genus is of particular interest because of the universal value of wood, needles and seeds. Cedar is also in demand in landscaping.

Cedar in the photo

The cedar tree looks like a real giant: it has a powerful trunk, reaching a height of 25 to 45 m, depending on the species.

Unlike pine needles in cedar, it is surprisingly soft, long, trihedral, collected in whorls of 5-6 pieces. And in a pine - two and very rarely - three needles.

Shoots of two types - elongated vegetative and shortened generative. The tree is monoecious. Male buds - in the form of spikelets looking up, red or yellow color. Female - cones of 2-4 pieces - are at the top of the shoot and have a purple color.

The description of cedar roots is akin to the tree itself: the root system is as powerful as the aerial part, which allows the plant to endure everything natural disasters and be culturally unpretentious. An adult cedar does not need agrotechnical care.

As you can see in the photo, the cedar tree is very beautiful with its green attire at any time of the year:

Tree Cedar
Tree Cedar

Its antimicrobial properties are also very valuable. The air around these trees is practically sterile. Many cedars have been planted by amateurs in summer cottages, backyards and garden plots in the central zone of Russia. It cannot grow in dry sandy places, but prefers sandy or loamy, moist, fertile soils.

Almost all types of cedar pines in forest plantations begin to bear fruit at 30-60 years, sometimes later, and in gardens where care and fertilization are carried out in a timely manner, at 15-20 years and continue to bear fruit up to 250-300 years. A good harvest of large pine nuts occurs in those areas where 2-3 cedars grow in a group, since conifers are cross-pollinated trees. The seed development cycle of cedar lasts one and a half years.

Four types of cedar grow in Russia - Siberian, European, Korean and Siberian elfin.

With varieties of cedars and their photos you can find on this page.

Growing cedar from seeds and tree care

To give the garden a finished mature look, you need to plant an evergreen, long-lived tree. With its appearance, the cedar will give your estate solidity and power, confidence and optimism. In addition, this tree does not require systematic care. When growing and caring for cedar, forget about pruning, crown formation, and cleaning of fallen leaves.

Cedar is not only beautiful, but also useful. It heals the air with the aroma of pine needles.

It is necessary to plant seedlings on the site immediately on a permanent well-lit place at a distance of 5-6 m from each other. Between young cedars you can grow undersized fruit trees and berry bushes. The crown should be formed on a low trunk, sprawling, multi-topped. Pruning or breaking out of the lateral buds is carried out in early spring, before the start of the growing season. Successfully established trees in the first years give 5-10 cm of growth with dark green needles.

The place for this tree should be open and extensive, the soil should be loamy, drained.

Germination of nuts is stored for 2 years. Immediately after collection, it is quite high, at 85%. Sow better in autumn. Shoots appear in this case in early spring. But you can stratify the nuts in wet sand, soak for a day and sow in the spring. Seedlings appear 2-3 weeks after sowing. They are dark green, with 10-12 cotyledons, up to 30 mm long. In the second year, paired needles appear from them, and only in the 4-5th year - whorls. The plants that have emerged from seedlings need a shade that lasts all the hot months for 2-3 years, that is, for the cedar that you decide to grow, you need to equip a tennik.

The growth characteristics of cedar include the ability to grow in sphagnum bogs, and powerful adventitious roots are formed. Root growth begins simultaneously with the growth of shoots. Already after 5-6 years, the exactingness of the cedar to the soil decreases sharply.

Cedar is also undemanding to air temperature. It tolerates continental climate, frost and drought. The only possible death of the kidneys in late spring frosts which coincide in time with the flowering period.

However, this threatens trees that have already begun to bear fruit, which will happen only at the age of 30 or more. You have to wait a long time for the appearance of nuts, but the tree itself can live up to 500 years, giving every 4-5 years abundant harvests.

Siberian cedar
European cedar

Korean cedar
Cedar elfin

Siberian cedar in the photo

Siberian cedar- the most common and best studied. Its distribution area is extensive. Starting from the northeast of the European part to the southern slopes of the Urals, this species is an unshakable native, growing both in the lowlands and on the mountains. In Central Altai, it grows at an altitude of 2300-2400 m above sea level.

The crown is conical from a young age, and then becomes flat-topped. It can be both sharp-pyramidal and wide-spread. It all depends on the place of growth. In groups, in the forest, with a small feeding area, cedars are elongated upwards, and with single landing- sprawling, have 2-3 peaks.

As seen in the photo, Siberian cedar branching is strictly whorled, longline:

Siberian cedar
Siberian cedar

Annual shoots are yellowish with a rusty coating, pubescent. The needles are trihedral, up to 13 cm long, serrated along the edge and sit in bunches of 5 pieces on shortened shoots. The needles remain on the branches for 3-6 years.

Cedar blossoms in spring, immediately after pine, and cones ripen in autumn, on next year after flowering. They do not crack, fall to the ground.

Pay attention to the cedar cones - in a mature tree they are very picturesque (light brown, elongated ovoid, up to 13 cm long and 8 cm wide):

cedar cones
cedar cones

There are from 100 to 140 nuts in a cone - shiny, dark brown and very tasty.

The taste of nuts was appreciated by the inhabitants of the forest, the cedar taiga. Nuts are the main food of the nutcracker, which often destroys up to half of the crop. From one tree you can get up to 1500 cones.

But thanks to the nutcracker, the cedar breeds. The bird takes nuts to long distances, hiding them in moss, old stumps, forgets and loses them. Nuts sprout, and thus the territory of cedar growth expands.

In addition to nutcrackers, capercaillie, hazel grouse, squirrels, chipmunks, and sables eat nuts. The bear is also a hunter for delicious nuts in the taiga. He often climbs into the crown of a tree, breaks it, causing great harm.

When describing the Siberian cedar, special attention should be paid to chemical composition its nuts - they explain the reason for such a high popularity of this tree. Pine nuts contain up to 61% fat, up to 17% protein, more than 12% starch. Pine nuts are rich in vitamin A (vitamin for growth), B vitamins that improve heart function and are very necessary for normal functioning. nervous system. They are especially rich in vitamin E (tocopherol, which in Greek means “I bear offspring”). Not without reason in the years good harvests cedar significantly increases the fertility of sable, protein.

It is known that Pine nuts contain substances that improve blood composition, prevent tuberculosis, anemia.

From a kilogram of nuts, you can get up to 150 g of oil and 200 g of cake for pet food.

Cedar oil is one of the highest quality. It belongs to fatty drying oils. Light yellow in color and pleasant in taste, the oil is in demand not only in the food industry, but also in the paint and varnish industry, in perfumery, medicine, and canning.

Walnut milk and cream are made from nuts, which are high in calories.

The needles of the Siberian cedar have essential oils, resins and vitamin C. It contains a lot of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt. When cutting growing cedars, cedar resin is obtained containing up to 19% turpentine.

Gum has embalming properties. AT folk medicine it is used to treat purulent wounds, cuts, burns.

In relation to light, the Siberian cedar is shade-tolerant, especially when young, when growth is slow. Despite the fact that he close relative light-loving pine, light and for an adult tree is not decisive.

European cedar in the photo

European cedar is a close species to the Siberian cedar. It grows wild in the mountains - the Carpathians and the Alps at an altitude of 1300-2500 m above sea level. There, together with larch and spruce, it forms impenetrable thickets.

Look at the photo - this type of cedar is not as powerful as the Siberian one:

European cedar
European cedar

Its height reaches 20-25 m. The crown is always wide, ovoid. The needles are thin, graceful, short. Cones from 6-8 cm long, nut seeds are also not as large as those of the Siberian cedar.

When describing the European cedar, it is especially worth noting its great endurance, it is frost-resistant and shade-tolerant, drought- and wind-resistant, not picky about soils and air humidity. But it does not have the advantages inherent in the Siberian cedar.

As shown in the photo, European cedar is often used in landscaping:

European cedar
European cedar

In Europe, this species is popular as solitary plant(tapeworm) in the parks.

Korean cedar in the photo

Korean cedar is the most majestic tree. By the beauty of the description, the Korean cedar is not inferior to any of the known species. This tree reaches 45 m in height and 2 m in diameter with a wide-conical and multi-peaked crown.

Young shoots with dense rusty pubescence. The needles are bluish-green, up to 20 cm long. Along the edge, it is finely serrated, rough, not similar to the needles of other species. It stays on the shoots for only 2 years.

The male spikelets of the Korean cedar are yellow, and the female cones are first reddish, then purple. Blooms in June.

Pay attention to the photo - the Korean cedar has ripe cylindric cones, 10-15 cm long, larger than the Siberian species:

Korean cedar cones
Korean cedar cones

They ripen in the second year after flowering. They fall to the ground without opening in November.

The seeds are twice as large as those of the Siberian cedar and contain more fat - up to 65%.

It bears fruit from 40-50 years of age to extreme old age in 1-2 years. But the number of cones on the tree is much less than that of the Siberian cedar. Seed germination lasts only a year, although it is 85%. They should be sown in the fall. Shoots appear the next year in early spring. They are with 10-14 juicy cotyledons.

According to the taste qualities of nuts, needles - according to the content of vitamin C and wood - according to technical properties not inferior to Siberian cedar.

It is difficult to include low, creeping species nevertheless, they exist.

Cedar elfin in the photo

Cedar elfin- a low branching shrub with branches creeping along the ground, and sometimes a tree up to 4-5 m in height. The shoots are densely pubescent, the needles are stiff, up to 4-8 cm long, 5 needles in a bunch. The female cones are violet-purple.

As seen in the photo, cedar dwarf mature cones up to 4 cm long, light brown, shiny:

Cedar elfin
Cedar elfin

Nuts, which are up to 40 in a cone, are smaller than those of Siberian cedar, but they are also edible and tasty, although they contain less oil. Fruiting begins from 25-30 years.

Elfin grows slowly, everywhere - on the mountains and coasts, swamps and lowlands. Very winter hardy. Interesting fact, which is worth noting when describing the cedar elfin - this plant has the property of "going to winter", that is, the branches hibernate on the ground, covered with snow. Begins to vegetate only in spring.

Propagated by seeds, layering, adventitious roots. Valued as a nut and decorative culture for rock gardens.

Himalayan cedar in the photo

himalayan cedar recently gained popularity in Europe. It is more of a decorative form than a view. It has falling paws-branches and a protruding top. The tree grows quickly, but is never taller than 25 m.

Atlas cedar, or blue, is also decorative form. Particularly noteworthy are its forms "Weeping" and "Golden". All these trees are not tall, but very sprawling, requiring a lot of space.

Pinus cembra), sometimes referred to as European cedar pine, is a tree belonging to the pine family. In nature, these trees grow at an altitude of 1300 to 2500 meters, mainly on the southeastern and southern slopes, preferring heights from 1500 to 2000 meters. In the northern regions, they grow mainly on the southern and southeastern slopes.

European cedar, the photo of which is presented in our photo gallery, is considered one of the most frost-resistant among the trees of the Pine family. It is able to withstand temperatures down to -43?C. Very picky about soil and air moisture.

European cedar pine: photo and description

By their own morphological features European cedar pine is close to Siberian cedar pine, differing from it in smaller growth and longer, thin needles on a wide, ovoid crown. With a height of 10 to 25 m, the diameter of the trunk reaches 1.5 m.

At a young age, the trunk of the European cedar is straight and slender; in old age, the trunk and branches, bending, take on strange, bizarre shapes.

The needles reach a length of 9 cm and are collected in bunches of 5 pieces.

Cones 4-8 cm long and 6-7 cm wide.

Seeds are small, up to 8-12 mm. 1 kg contains about 4000 seeds.

The bark is furrowed, gray-brown in color with light brown or red pubescence.

root system deep, wide open.

The wood of the European cedar pine is more durable than the wood of the Siberian cedar. It has a very unusual, beautiful pattern, which allows it to be widely used for manufacturing. decorative crafts and upholstery. European cedar grows slowly, annual growth does not exceed 15-25 cm in height and 10 cm in width.

In garden and park design, these trees are used both in single and in group landings, perfectly combined, in particular, with birches. In complex compositions, European cedar is in perfect harmony with rhododendrons, oaks, larches, mountain ash, junipers. Perfectly takes root near water bodies. Cutting these trees is not recommended. It is possible to form a crown by breaking out growth buds in early spring or autumn, as well as shortening growing shoots in summer.

Planting and caring for European cedar

European cedar pine is not demanding to care. It is best to buy seedlings in a pot, with prolonged fertilizers. In this case, the root system will not be damaged during transplantation, and the plant is guaranteed to take root in a new place. Another advantage of buying European cedar in pots is the possibility of planting throughout the spring-summer-autumn period, from mid-March until the end of November. Moreover, when buying seedlings in pots, planting European cedar pine can be carried out even on the hottest summer days.

These trees grow well in both moderately dry and moist soils, and are fairly drought tolerant. In the spring, for a uniform awakening, abundant watering and spraying is required. It should not be forgotten that caring for the European cedar implies ensuring certain humidity air. For normal growth at a young age, trees need crown spraying.

When planting European cedar and caring for it, it is important not to forget about fertilizers. To do this, add humus or nitroammofoska to the soil. During the first two seasons after planting European cedar pine, you need to make mineral fertilizers in small quantities: 30-40 g/m2. With the formation of a thick litter, the accumulation of humus is ensured, and a thick substrate of needles perfectly retains moisture, so that additional watering of trees in adulthood is not required.

When compacting the soil, it is necessary to resort to loosening. If you cut off annual growths, you can achieve a slowdown in the growth of additional shoots and the formation of a denser crown. Despite the fact that in adulthood the trees are very frost-resistant, young seedlings need additional protection. European cedar pine care involves protection from freezing in cold weather. winter period. To do this, fragile trees are covered for the winter with spruce branches, in the spring the spruce branches should be removed.

Cedar European pine is a relic species, more durable in culture than Siberian!

Crown diameter of an adult plant (m): 5

Height of an adult plant (m): 20

Description

Cedar European pine is a relic, very beautiful and majestic tree with soft bluish needles.

This species is very close to the Siberian cedar pine, but differs from the Siberian cedar in slower growth, spreading crown and shape of cones (in European pine, the cones are smaller and more rounded).

In landscape gardening construction it is successfully used in single (solitary) and group plantings: in complex compositions with coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs (mountain ash, rhododendrons, birches, etc.)

plant life span

Crown

Broad, ovoid.

Needles/Foliage

Long (5-8 cm), thin, dark green with bluish stomatal stripes, collected in bunches of 5.

Bark

In young pines, the bark is smooth, gray-green in color, with resinous bubbles. In adults - brown, rough, with scales.

Bloom

Cones are spherical-ovoid, young - red-violet, erect.

flowering time

May June,

Fruit

Dark brown oval-shaped cones with edible seeds (pine nuts).

5-8 cm long.

They ripen 2 years after flowering, fall whole (with seeds).

Requirements

European cedar pine prefers sunny places, but shade-tolerant, demanding on air and soil moisture, grows well only on moderately moist and fresh clay soils.

Landing

Dig a hole 0.8x0.8x0.8 m in size and loosen the bottom, add organic fertilizers or compost with a layer of 20 cm and mix with a loosened layer of soil. Remove the plant with a clod of earth from the container, trying not to damage the roots, place it in a hole at the same depth at which it was in the container, without deepening the root neck and adding garden soil if necessary. Fill the hole with earth and compact it, form an earthen rim around the seedling. It is good to water and mulch the near-trunk circle.

Plants with a clod of earth from a container are planted from April to October.

Care

Loosening during soil compaction, mulching, sanitary pruning.

Watering: plentiful for young trees. mature plant does not need watering.

Fully hardy, but young trees require shelter.

Fertilizers: mineral (during the first 2 years after planting).

The plant is resistant to pests and diseases.

reproduction

Seeds.

In St. Petersburg, it has been cultivated for a long time in the Arboretum of the Forestry Engineering Academy and botanical garden BIN.

Cedars are very valuable not only for their fruits, but also for their needles and wood. Cedar pines grow in dark coniferous forests and are the main not only forest-forming, but also nut-bearing species. There is a wide variety of evergreen conifers, but one of the most common is the European cedar pine.

Variety characteristics

European cedar pine or European cedar belongs to the coniferous species of the Pine family. The root system is powerful and widely spread. The tree grows slowly, in a year the growth is about 15-25 cm in length and 10 cm in width. The crown of the pine is wide, ovoid, 4-8 m in diameter. In young pines, the bark is smooth, gray-green in color and resinous bubbles are present.

In mature trees, the bark is rough with scales. The length of the needles is 5-9 cm, and their thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm. The structure of the needles is dense green with a bluish tint and collected in small bunches. The needles keep for 3-5 years. Flowering occurs in late spring and early summer. Cones are egg-shaped, dark brown, 5-8 cm long and are located on small petioles.

The purple-green color of the buds indicates immaturity. They ripen in September the following year after pollination. The cones contain seeds, the size of which is 8-12 mm.

Male cones are characterized by yellow or red needles. In length they reach 10 mm, and in width - 5 mm. Female cones have an oblong ovoid shape up to 1 cm long. When falling, the cones do not open

By morphological similarity, this softwood very close to Siberian pine. This ornamental plant is frost-resistant and durable. Cedar wood is widely used for the manufacture of decorative crafts, thanks to beautiful drawing. European pine is used in landscape design.

Growing conditions

European cedar pine can be grown in both dry and wet soils. This is a light-loving and wind-resistant plant, but can grow in the shade. It is best grown in sandy or sandy soils. When planting on sandy soil, clay should be added.

For good growth and development ornamental plant soil should be prepared. You will need turf, sand in a ratio of 2: 1. If necessary, you can add lime about 200-300 g per well. If the soil is heavy, then sand or gravel about 20 cm should be added. Pine can only be propagated by seeds.

Landing and care

Seedlings for planting are best purchased in a pot. If it is impossible to find such, then they choose with large clods of earth. The seedling must be no older than 3 years. Depending on the variety, the size of the cedar pine can be 30 cm and reach 3 m.

First you need to dig the prepared area. The depth of the hole should be 0.8-1 m. The distance between the seedlings should be about 4-6 meters. Before planting seedlings, their roots must be lowered into a clay solution. Drive pegs around the perimeter of the hole. They will serve as a support for the tree. When planting, nitroammophoska should be added.

Next, place the seedling in the hole and tie it to the pegs. Then fill the hole with soil. This variety of pine does not need special care. After planting, top dressing of the seedling will not be superfluous. Nitroammophoska or humus is used as a fertilizer. About 30-40 g of fertilizer will be needed per square meter.

In the spring, after waking up, needs abundant watering and frequent splashing. For good growth of an ornamental plant, it is necessary to maintain optimal humidity. young tree should be constantly sprayed.

An adult plant does not need watering. Fallen needles create a thick bedding that retains moisture well. Periodically it is necessary to loosen this layer. To slow down the growth of the tree, annual growths should be broken out. This will form a dense and lush crown. For the winter, young plants should be protected from frost. To do this, the tree is covered with various materials.

Video review coniferous plants, incl. European cedar pine:

The use of cedar pine

European cedar pine is famous for its valuable wood, from which they make various crafts, furniture, etc. Items made from European cedar do not rot and are very durable. Dishes are made from wood. It is believed that milk does not sour for a long time in it and has a pleasant taste.

Needles are actively used in medicine. AT medicinal purposes all components of cedar can be used: needles, cones, bark, resin, nut shells. Nut shells are highly valued. It helps with mastopathy, osteochondrosis, arthritis and sciatica. Dried needles can be used for therapeutic baths.

Cedar oil is sold in any pharmacy. It is used for varicose veins. The oil is rubbed with light circular movements in the morning and evening. A decoction based on needles helps get rid of scurvy and has a diaphoretic effect. To prepare a decoction, grind the needles.

Next, pour the raw materials into a glass to the top and pour a liter of water. Put the container on a slow fire and boil for 20 minutes. Then leave to infuse for half an hour. After the time, strain and take half a glass. Sugar can be added for flavor if needed. citric acid. For the treatment of pulmonary and kidney diseases, 10 g of cedar buds should be taken, crushed and left for 3 hours.

Take a tablespoon daily with breaks of 2-3 hours. Infusion based on nut shells is used for deafness, diseases of the liver and kidneys, as well as nervous pathologies. The remedy helps to get rid of diseases of the stomach and hemorrhoids. In addition, this breed has bactericidal properties. For cuts, wounds and burns, it is useful to lubricate the affected areas with resin.