How to check seeds before planting. Checking pepper seeds for germination and pre-sowing germination. Shelf life of seeds and their germination - how concepts are interconnected
February 3rd. Today I am soaking and starting the process of warming pepper seeds before sowing seedlings. Before that, I decided to check the seeds of one of the varieties of peppers for germination. I also want to check if the culled (not bottomed) seeds will sprout by heating the soaked seeds. Is it true that the seeds tested by this method are not viable.
Sowing seeds of peppers for seedlings, I scheduled for February 6th. There are many ways to prepare seeds for sowing, I want to decide on one or two after receiving the results various methods. This year I bought 9 varieties of peppers for planting. I want to stimulate the seeds of some varieties of peppers for rapid germination in two ways, then compare. Also for peppers, I have three types of preparations from the "Growth Regulators" group, which are recommended for soaking pepper seeds before sowing. seeds different varieties I will soak the peppers in different preparations in order to also determine the preparation that is suitable for me.
To check the seeds, it is recommended to determine their germination in salt water by immersing the seeds in it. It is believed that the seeds that sink to the bottom are germinating, and the seeds that remain on the surface of the water are not germinating. For testing, I chose the variety "Health". The weight of a bag with seeds of this variety is 3 grams. This is a large number of seeds, some of which can be used for testing. I took 20 seeds and put them in brine water. 
Salt solution is recommended to prepare 5%. That is, 5 grams of salt is taken per 1 liter of water. I don’t need this amount of solution, I took a 200-gram glass, in which I stirred 1/10 of a teaspoon of salt and poured it into a small container. For information, 10 grams of salt are placed in one teaspoon without top. For 200 grams of water, we take 1 gram of salt, respectively. 
I poured 20 seeds into the saline solution, some of them immediately sank to the bottom. A few minutes later, a few more pieces sank to the bottom. After 20 minutes, out of 20 seeds, 6 pieces remained on the surface, 14 pieces sank to the bottom. 
It turns out that the germination of seeds is low, only 70%. Slightly less than a third is culled. It is necessary to check whether, in fact, the seeds rejected in this way are not viable. 
In the future, I wash the seeds in a sieve under running water and wrap them in several layers of gauze. 
I get three types of seeds soaked in this way - 
5 seeds of the hybrid "Aries", 
14 seeds of the variety "Health"
and 6 seeds of the "Health" variety that did not sink to the bottom.
I put moistened gauze on the battery on a small pallet for three days. I will constantly check if the gauze is dry and moisten it so that the gauze with the seeds wrapped in it is constantly wet. 
To prevent the gauze from drying out, you can place the pallet in a plastic bag and tie it.
Information for flower growers and vegetable growers about the intricacies of working with seeds, methods of calibration, about the terms of germination by species. How to speed up the germination process. Germination rules, the possibility of using last year's "strategic stocks" and actually grown ones.
What is seed germination. Timing
For each culture, a certain interval of "awakening" is assigned. Germination is percentage the number of seeds sown and germinated in a given period of time. By the way, old seeds take longer than indicated in the characteristics.Seed germination period
Each plant has its own period for pecking, usually 7-14 days. Here are examples of the most popular cultures established in laboratory (ideal) conditions:
Cabbage, eggplant, beans, carrots, tomatoes, lettuce - 10 days.
Beans, radishes, corn, peas, turnips, radishes - 6-7 days.
Cucumber, beets, chard, melon - 8 days.
Onion sets, watermelon - 12 days.
Celery, parsnips, dill, parsley, spinach - 14 days.
Pepper - 15 days.
Seed shelf life
Celery, parsnips are stored for 1-2 years.
Rhubarb, spinach, pepper, corn - 2-3.
Pepper, onion, chicory - 3.
Onion, lettuce, basil - 3-4.
Beets, tomatoes, turnips, chard, cabbage / kohlrabi - 4-5 years.
Corn, legumes - 5-6.
Watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, melon, zucchini, carrots, eggplant - stored 6-8.
Germination test. Calibration
Experts recommend doing seed calibration before checking germination. Half-empty and small specimens are doomed to unsuccessful sowing - this is low quality material, which must be removed in advance. Calibration makes it possible to use only full-fledged seeds that will give friendly seedlings and then productive, powerful plants.
Large and medium seeds contain great potential nutrients, it is this factor that affects the strength of growth and the quality of the future seedling. So the calibration is milestone helping to get decent seedlings.
We do calibration
It is difficult to visually determine the mass and reserve of force in the seed. There is effective method selection: dive into special solution. Take half a liter of water, add 3 tsp. salt, immerse the seeds for two hours. As a result, all full-weight specimens will be at the bottom, hollow and small ones remain afloat - they must be removed. Then drain the liquid, rinse and dry. After this check, you have a quality material for sowing. By the way, a small size can also be suitable.
We reveal the percentage of germination
It is useful to know that no seeds have 100% germination. Each culture has individual viability criteria. Here is an example of the average % germination:
40-50% - carrots, parsley, peppers, parsnips, dill.
50-80% - black onion, leek, batun, spinach.
60-80% - sorrel, celery, radish, beets, tomatoes.
65-90% - cabbage / cauliflower, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce.
80-95% - beans, zucchini, peas, watermelon, melon.
You can independently set the percentage of germination in a simple way. Take, for example, 10 seeds, place them on wet material (paper towel, gauze, toilet paper) and leave in the room at a temperature of 18 ... 22C. Make sure the surface does not dry out. Then count how much sprouted. The number of hatched will be the percentage of germination, if out of 10 7 sprouted, then 70%. 50% is enough for sowing. At 30%, it is better not to plant seeds.
How to increase germination and speed up seed germination
Pre-treatment will help not only speed up the pipping process, but also improve further growth. Experts advise not to be limited to calibration and sorting, you need to use other techniques.warming up
When working with seed, you should use the method artificial heating. Dry seeds heated at +40…+50С germinate faster, grow better and give mainly female flowers. Attention! You can not warm the seed of tomatoes, cabbage, carrots.
trace elements
The impact of solutions with boron fertilizers useful for carrots, tomatoes, radishes, cabbage, beets. With elements of copper - for carrots, onions, beets. Molybdenum activates zucchini, tomatoes, pumpkin, cucumbers. It is important to know that using microelements, you cannot make a high concentration, you need a weak solution (0.1%), the procedure should not exceed 12-20 hours.
Growth stimulants
Soaking in growth stimulants, for example, Energen, Athlete, Ecopin, Agricola, gives a positive effect.
hardening
12-18 hours after the start of soaking, the seeds of tomatoes and peppers should be put in the refrigerator, an interval of 10-12 hours is enough. For parsley, cabbage, carrots, black onions, cooling lasts a week (0 ... + 8C).
Disinfection
The disinfection method helps to neutralize the development of microorganisms present on the seed coat and hindering development. To do this, use a 1% (strong) solution of potassium permanganate or 20% salt solution acids. After such a procedure, thorough rinsing is required: the container is placed under running water.
Many summer residents try to grow seedlings on the windowsill or in greenhouses. This is cheaper in terms of money, and there will be confidence in the desired variety and quality of seedlings. After all, it is not known from which seed material the purchased seedlings were grown.
In addition, not all purchased seeds have good germination. The longer they are stored, the less likely they are to sprout. And in order not to miss in the future and not waste time on planting and seeding, you need to know how to check the seeds for germination.
To put it in the language of agronomists, this is the percentage of germinated seeds to the number of sown. That is, how many seed will sprout in conditions acceptable to them.
How healthy and strong is the seed and how quickly will it germinate in natural conditions without the use of additional growth stimulants.
Not all seeds germinate at the same time. Some of them will begin to hatch in a couple of days. Others will take much longer. But, on average, most of them will begin to germinate in one or two weeks.
The older the seed, the longer it will take to germinate. If they do not show signs of life for a long time, or even more so become moldy, such a seed should definitely be thrown away.
Each type of garden crop begins to grow in different time, and the timing of their germination is also different.
The most common crops:
- Legumes (peas and beans) germinate within one week. Their seeds are suitable for planting no more than 6 years;
- Tomatoes, peppers and eggplants sprout within two weeks. The term of their viability is 5 years;
- Carrot seeds will sprout in 10 days. They can be stored for 2-3 years;
- Cucumbers, watermelons and melons, zucchini and pumpkins begin to hatch already on the 3rd day. You can plant them for 6-8 years;
- Cabbage sprouts within 10 days. Seeds can be stored for 5 years, no more;
- Radishes and radishes hatch on the 7th day. They are suitable for planting 4-5 years;
- Corn will rise on the 5th day. The shelf life of her seed is not great, and is 2-3 years.
The temperature at which the seeds should germinate is not lower than +20 °C and not higher than +30 °. Dill seeds can germinate with more low temperatures from 8 to 12 degrees of heat.
Basically, all packages with seeds indicate the percentage of germination. And it's big enough. And when sowing them at home, it happens that very little will sprout, and the rest will die.
Does this mean that the manufacturer is deceiving us? Not at all, because it indicates the germination of seeds in the most optimal conditions for them (laboratory). What at home can be achieved with great difficulty.
When and how seeds are checked for germination
Every farmer with experience knows that seeds are checked for germination at the end of winter (in February) or at the very beginning of spring. It concerns horticultural crops. Floral, you can check all spring until its very end.
Before you start checking the seeds for germination at home, they need to be sorted out and discarded small or moldy:
- large seeds vegetable crops(melons, pumpkins, beets and cucumbers) are sorted in ordinary clean settled water. Small seeds (cabbage, radish, carrot, tomato) in salt water. It is necessary to prepare a solution for 1 liter of liquid 50 gr. salt.
- Dip the seeds in a container of water and mix them lightly. Then everything is left for 15-20 minutes. Those that have surfaced are not suitable for landing. Everything that has gone to the bottom is considered a good seed.
- Then they need to be filtered through a fine sieve or gauze, and again immersed in water for disinfection. To do this, prepare a weak, pink solution of potassium permanganate, soak the seed in it for 1 hour. After dry.
- decompose thin layer dry seeds on a paper sheet. Hold close to them with an electrified wand. Here you can remember the childhood fun when rubbed ball pen and was carried out near small paper leaves. All hollow seeds will definitely stick to the stick.
At home, seed germination is checked in several ways:
Checking seeds with a spray gun
Small seeds (cabbage, carrot, tomato, sorrel, lettuce, parsley and dill, pepper and eggplant) are selected no more than a dozen.
You need to take a shallow plate, put a paper or cloth napkin on it. Put the seeds on a napkin, retreating 1 cm from each other. Then, using a spray bottle, spray the seed with water room temperature. Do not fill them heavily, without access to oxygen they can become moldy.
Top cover cling film. Put in a warm place where the air temperature does not fall below + 20 °. It shouldn't be hot either. Maximum temperature+25°.
Several times a day, you need to look at the seeds, if necessary, spray them so that they do not dry out. This is done in order to control the beginning of growth. If the life reserve is large, then the seeds will hatch as soon as possible.
The best germination percentage is considered if 6 out of 10 seeds hatch.
How to check germination in salt water
Using this method, it is possible to determine the germination of seeds of almost all garden crops. If cabbage, tomato and radish seeds are tested, you will need instead fresh water- salty (in a glass of water you need to dilute a teaspoon of salt).
The selected seeds are poured into a glass, plate, jar and poured with water. Mix everything well and leave for 10 minutes. All the seeds that remain at the bottom will certainly sprout well. After they are washed and dried in a well-ventilated place.
Using sawdust
The germination of large seeds of garden crops is tested using sawdust.
First you need to spill them several times with boiling water. Then pour into containers, you can use the boxes. Lay the seeds on top, at a distance of at least 3 cm from each other, row spacing 2 cm. Sprinkle everything again with sawdust and tamp well.
Cover with cling film on top. The boxes are installed in a room with an air temperature of +27 °C.
After a few days, the percentage of seed germination is calculated.
Not everyone knows that carrot seeds have long-term storage the percentage of germination increases, which cannot be said about parsley, celery and pepper.
close
*Agreement on the processing of personal data
1. General provisions
1.1 This agreement on the processing of personal data has been developed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
1.2 All persons who have filled in the information constituting personal data on this site, as well as posted other information with the indicated actions, confirm their consent to the processing of personal data and their transfer to the operator of personal data processing.
1.3 These Terms of Use of the Site of the Virtual Country DARIIA (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are developed by the Site Administration and determine the conditions for the use and development of the Site, as well as the rights and obligations of its Users and the Administration.
1.4 These Rules are a legally binding agreement between the User and the Site Administration, the subject of which is the provision by the Site Administration to the User of access to the use of the Site and its functionality. In addition to these Rules, the agreement between the User and the Site Administration includes all special documents governing the provision of access to the use of individual, including Additional, Site functionality posted in the relevant sections of the Site on the Internet.
1.5 The User is obliged to fully familiarize himself with these Rules before registering on the Site. Registration of the User on the Site means the full and unconditional acceptance by the User of these Rules in accordance with Art. 438 Civil Code Russian Federation.
1.6 These Rules can be changed and / or supplemented by the Site Administration unilaterally without any special notice. These Rules are an open and public document.
2. Composition of user information
2.1 The personal data of a Citizen means the following information: general information(last name, first name, patronymic, phone number, date of birth, region of residence and e-mail address).
2.2 The user is responsible for the accuracy, relevance, completeness and compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation of the information provided during registration and its purity from claims of third parties.
3. Purposes of information processing
Site visitors send their personal data to form a personal page.
4. Processing information about users
4.1. The processing of personal data is carried out on the basis of the principles:
a) legality of the purposes and methods of processing personal data;
b) conscientiousness;
in) compliance of the purposes of processing personal data with the purposes predetermined and declared when collecting personal data,
G) compliance of the volume and nature of the processed personal data, methods of processing personal data with the purposes of processing personal data;
e) the inadmissibility of combining databases created for mutually incompatible purposes containing personal data.
4.2. Storage and use of personal data
Users' personal data is stored exclusively on electronic media and is processed when checking, analyzing or analyzing data that allows maintaining and improving the functionality and sections of the Site, as well as developing new functionality and sections of the Site.
4.3. Transfer of personal data
Users' personal data is not transferred to any third parties.
5. Rights and obligations of users
5.1 Citizen, by accepting this Agreement, express their interest and full consent that the processing of his personal data may include the following actions: collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, clarification (update, change), use, destruction.
5.2 The citizen guarantees: the information provided by him is complete, accurate and reliable; when providing information, the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the legal rights and interests of third parties are not violated; all information provided is filled in by the Citizen personally.
close
Customs of the Virtual Country DARIA (Rules).
These customs (rules) of the Virtual Country DARIIA describe the relations of all its inhabitants, including the Administration and Governing Bodies.
1. Basic terms and concepts:
2. Key points
The Virtual Country DARIIA is a network of a new formation, within which any social and financial services can be created that do not infringe on the rights and freedoms of its inhabitants. Residents of the Virtual Country DARIIA themselves participate in the formation of rules and laws through communication, voting and / or nomination to the Governing Bodies.
In order to become a resident of the Virtual Country DARIA and get the right to use all the services, you must confirm your agreement with these Rules. This consent means that the resident understands, accepts and agrees that he bears full personal responsibility for the content and compliance with the norms of international law of all materials posted by him on the DARIIA Virtual Country Portal, as well as for the decision to participate in certain financial projects Virtual Country Darius.
The Constitutional Council has the right, at its own discretion, to set the exchange rate of world currencies for gifts and recommends that Residents carry out all payment transactions within the Virtual Country DARIA in its units of account, that is, in gifts. The acquisition of gifts is carried out by residents for national currency their country of physical residence.
3.
Rights and obligations of a Tourist / Permanent Resident / Citizen(hereinafter Resident)
A resident acts completely independently, on his own behalf and within the framework of the current legislation of the country of his physical residence.
The resident has the right to use all services, projects and services of the Virtual Country DARIIA, provided on the Portal, in accordance with his status.
The resident has the right to invite new participants (tourists) to the Virtual Country of DARIIA. To do this, the latter are registered on the Portal, in which they can use the referral link of the resident who invited them. Registration gives the right, in accordance with its Status, to use all the resources of the Virtual Country DARIA, subject to the provision of reliable contact and other personal data.
A Resident can purchase Gifts in accordance with the terms of the project of the Virtual Country DARIA chosen by him. The project may provide for the receipt and implementation of gifts from the activities of the resident and his team. All Projects and the Affiliate Program are described in detail on the Portal.
The Resident is not entitled to give guarantees to anyone on behalf of the Virtual Country DARIA; make any implausible comments about the Projects; Impose on the Governing Bodies of the Virtual Country DARIIA responsibility not provided for by these rules.
A resident has the right to apply to the Administration in the following cases:
· Technical malfunctions in the operation of the Portal;
· Receiving messages that are spam or containing materials prohibited by these Rules or identifying such in general / open access on the Portal;
· Receiving messages that violate international law, containing threats, insults, viruses, immoral materials or identifying such in general / open access on the Portal;
· Finding or suspecting that his account was used by someone not authorized.
The Resident is solely responsible for the security of the password, their personal data (including payment data), as well as for all their actions performed by them on the Portal.
4. Rights and obligations of the Administration.
The Administration is obliged to provide the Residents with a territory/portal and maintain it in working order;
The Administration is not responsible for the safety of the password or any other data that the Resident posted about himself on the Portal;
The Administration has no right to require access to your accounts or any other means of payment or to request such information;
The administration is not obliged to verify the data indicated in the registration form, including data relating to the age of the resident. Responsibility for false or incorrect information lies entirely with the user of the Portal.
If a Resident provides incorrect information or the Administration has reason to consider such information to be incorrect, incomplete or inaccurate, the Administration has the right to suspend the account until the circumstances are clarified or delete it.
The Administration reserves the right at any time to demand confirmation from the Resident of the actual contact details.
The rules and procedure for using the services, projects and services provided on the Portal may be changed unilaterally by decision of the Constitutional Council. Notice of the planned change must be published in the public domain on the Portal at least 96 hours before they come into force.
The Administration reserves the right to monitor the activities of residents in terms of their use of the Portal and prevent the publication on the Portal of any materials that violate these Rules, as well as take any measures to prevent such violations.
When registering, the Resident agrees that the Administration has the right to use his personal data, specified by him during registration, exclusively within the framework of the implementation of projects and services provided to residents of the Virtual Country DARIIA, as well as send information messages regarding the activities of the Administration.
The Administration seeks to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the Portal, but is not responsible for the complete or partial loss of the Resident's data posted on the Portal, as well as for the insufficient quality or speed of viewing information or the operation of personal profiles, if this happened through no fault of its own.
The Administration undertakes to provide technical support to residents of the Virtual Country DARIIA related to the operation of the Portal, either verbally or in writing.
The Administration is not obliged to return or destroy the materials provided by residents when using the Portal.
5. Responsibility
The administration undertakes to ensure the confidentiality and safety of personal data of residents, with the exception of force majeure circumstances and cases provided for by acts of international law.
Administration is not responsible
for failure to comply or improper execution its obligations due to power failures, technical failures at the provider, the actions of malicious programs, as well as dishonest actions of third parties
for moral or financial damage caused by the fault of a resident, or through the fault of third parties
for the content of materials published, sent or received by a resident
The administration uses the software to control the exchange of gifts between Residents, and also pursues a common pricing policy.
6. Rules.
On the Portal of the Virtual Country DARIIA, it is strictly prohibited to publish, distribute, store, transfer in any form materials that:
violate generally accepted moral and ethical standards and international law
contain spam, virus or malware
· contribute to inciting religious, racial, ethnic or ethnic hatred, contain elements of violence, etc.;
offend the honor and dignity, rights and legitimate interests of third parties,
violate the rights to the results of individual activities (including copyright, related, patent, etc.) of third parties;
violate the rights of minors;
promote interest in harmful or illegal activities;
have pornographic content
contain unauthorized with the Office: advertising information, schemes of financial pyramids and other similar information
Also prohibited:
artificial increase in the rating of one's own or other residents
Connecting and using any software, designed to hack the personal data of other residents, as well as to conduct automatic, mass mailing of any content.
· Introducing someone astray by assuming someone else's name to deliberately inflict losses on someone or for other selfish purposes.
The Resident undertakes not to mislead other users of the Portal about his identity by using another person's account; intentionally misrepresent oneself, one's age, or one's relationships with other persons or organizations.
The Resident is prohibited from posting personal information of other residents or any third parties on the Portal without their knowledge.
A resident is prohibited from posting any information that is contrary to the goals of the Virtual Country DARIIA, infringes on the interests of its residents or violates these Rules.
Advertising is information distributed in any way, in any form and using any means, addressed to a certain or indefinite circle of people on the Portal and aimed at drawing attention to the object of advertising, generating or maintaining interest in it and promoting it on the market.
Advertising of projects, products and services united by the brand of the Virtual Country DARIIA, the production and implementation of which is carried out by the Constitutional Council of the Virtual Country DARIIA has special status. This status removes any restrictions on its placement on the portal and payment for this advertisement is not made.
Advertising of any third-party projects, goods or services that do not belong to the brand of the Virtual Country of DARIA is carried out exclusively in separately created clubs on the Portal.
Promotion of third-party projects, goods and services is also carried out exclusively in specially created clubs. Club owners are responsible for enforcing this rule.
Owners of clubs of third-party projects, goods and services are obliged to pay for the Affiliate Program on the Portal within 7 days from the moment the club was created and keep it up to date throughout the entire existence of the club.
8.
Sanctions for violation of the rules for advertising, spam and mass mailing messages.
For a one-time violation of clause 7. of these rules, as well as for messages containing spam and mass mailing on the portal on common wall and in personal correspondence a written warning is sent to the perpetrator or a special sign is displayed in his profile.
For a repeated violation of paragraph 7 of these rules, spam and mass mailing, the perpetrator is blocked on the portal for a period of 1 week.
For the third violation, the perpetrator is punished with blocking on the portal for a period of one month.
Subsequent violation of clause 7 of these rules, spam and mass mailing is punishable by account deletion without the right to restore.
9. Final provisions
The Resident has the right to unilaterally stop using the Portal and delete his/her account. To do this, you must apply in writing to the Administration.
In case of blocking the account, the Resident has the right to apply to the Administration for unblocking in case of removal or correction of the reason for blocking
close
Question answer
FAQ or software Q&A
What is a Consumer Society (PO)?
A consumer society is a voluntary association of citizens or legal entities in order to meet the material and other needs of its members.
What legislation governs the activities of the software?
civil code
What does it take to become a software shareholder?
- Firstly, this requires the desire of the person himself.
- Second, you need to register on the portal of the Virtual Country DARIIA at ,
- Thirdly, you need to fill out an application and a questionnaire on the page and follow the instructions
If I pay entrance, membership and share fees, but later want to leave, will my money be returned to me?
Entry and membership fees are non-refundable. Only share contributions are refundable.
What is the amount and what property is allowed when making a share contribution?
The size of the amount and the property form of the share contribution are not limited by law, that is, they can be arbitrary depending on the needs met by the shareholder. How to protect your property with the help of software from justified and unreasonable encroachment of creditors and collectors Software protects the property of its Shareholder, even if he is a debtor. A person contributes his property to the Consumer Society in the form of a share. This property will officially belong to the company, and the shareholder will use it. Lenders do not have the legal right to seize or alienate property if this property is the collective property of the PO. Collective property in the Software may not be subject to any seizure or alienation without property claims to the Software itself. And by law, the SO is not liable for the obligations of individual Shareholders of the SO.
How often will I have to pay contributions?
Membership fees are introductory, monthly and annual. The terms and amount of the amount are determined by the Board of Directors.
Is the activity of the software legal?
Yes legal, and determined by Civil code Russian Federation, Law of the Russian Federation No. 3085-1 “On consumer cooperation(consumer societies, their unions) in the Russian Federation, other laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
If I transfer property to the software, how can I use it?
Based on the law, a participant in the software has the right to use the property transferred to the software in the form of a share. The property in the PA is transferred on the basis of an agreement between a member of the PA and the PA itself.
What documents will I receive when transferring money or property to the software fund?
An agreement is concluded between a member of the PO and the PO itself, which has the seal of the PO and the signatures of both parties. This document will be the basis for confirming the transaction.
By joining the software, will I be able to participate in all programs for free?
Only in those free programs, which are provided for members of the PO. If the programs provide for paid participation, then in this case participation takes place on the terms of this program.
What rights will I have when participating in software management?
Member of the software, both physical and entity, when participating in voting, has one vote, regardless of the amount of the share contribution.
If I contribute my property to the software fund, can a penalty be imposed on this property?
If a member of the PA has contributed property to the fund of the PA, then no one can impose a penalty on this property, because the PA is not liable for the debt obligations of the PA member.
What benefits can I get by joining the PO?
The savings of the PO are distributed among the members of the PO, the members of the PO can borrow from the PO against the security of their share contribution, they can invest their savings in the PO and receive dividends, they can exchange shares between the members of the PO without taxation. If you are a legal entity (IE, LLC, CJSC), then when you enter the property of your business and act within the software, reporting to the tax authorities is 0%.
In the spring, when it is already necessary to prepare seedlings, the problem of non-germination may arise. seeds. So that time is not wasted in vain, it is better to check the seeds for germination in advance. This can be done in several ways to choose from:
✓ large seeds (pumpkin, peas, cucumbers, beans, etc.) are checked for germination by placing a small amount of them between two layers of sawdust soaked in boiling water in a warm place (25-27 ° C). The degree of germination in this case will be calculated as the ratio of sprouted seeds to intact ones, for example, if 7 out of 10 seeds sprouted, then the entire batch has an average germination rate of about 70%;
✓ small seeds (cabbage, carrots, dill, etc.) are checked for germination by placing between wet wipes in a warm place (about 23 ° C). The degree of germination is calculated in the same way as in the previous version of the test;
✓ to find out which seeds are germinating from the whole mass, you can fill them with water for 5-10 minutes. Those that float up are bad, empty, spoiled, and those that remain at the bottom are good. It should be remembered that the seeds of tomatoes, cabbage and radish should be poured with salted water (about 10 g of salt per glass of water);
✓ very small seeds can be tested for germination using static electricity: spread the seeds on a flat surface in a thin layer, electrify an ebonite stick and pass it over the seeds. The weakest, empty ones will stick to it.
In addition to the presence of seedlings, you should pay attention to the speed of the process: high-quality and strong seeds germinate, of course, faster. The average seed germination time of some vegetable crops is presented in Table.
Germination of seeds of some vegetable crops
How long do seeds stay viable
Duration of preservation of seed germination different vegetables different (table).
Duration of preservation of germination of seeds of vegetables