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MINTYAZHSTROY USSR
GLAVSREDURALSTROY
Trust ORGTEHSTROY

ROUTING

PLASTERING IN A BRICK HOUSE
series 1-447s-34

Sverdlovsk 1969

The maps of labor processes were developed on the basis of generalization of the experience of advanced teams of plasterers of the Sverdlovskgrazhdanstroy trust and the conduction of schools of advanced methods plastering works organized by the Orgtekhstroy trust of Glavsreduralstroy in other construction organizations of the Glavka.

LIST OF STANDARD CARDS OF LABOR PROCESSES FOR PLASTERING IN A RESIDENTIAL BRICK HOUSE SERIES 1-447S-34

I. Scope

The technological map for plastering work has been developed in relation to standard project 5-storey brick residential building series 1-447s.

The flow-link method of plastering work adopted by this map helps to improve the quality of work and increase labor productivity. The work is carried out in rhythm: 14 days - entrance. The size of the brigade is 21 people, the brigade works in one shift.

II. Technical and economic indicators

1. Number of apartments - 58, including: 3-room apartments - 20; 2-room apartments - 14; 1-room - 24; staircases - 3.

2. The volume of plaster work for the whole house, m 2 ... .. 11510

3. Labor intensity of plastering work for the whole house, man-days ..... 829.5

4. Labor intensity per 1 m 2 of plaster, man-days ... .. 0.07

5. Output per 1 plasterer per shift, m 2 .…. 13.90

6. Duration of plaster work for the whole house, days (working) ..... 39.5

7. The cost of labor for the whole house, rubles .. ... 3985

8. Average daily wage per 1 worker, rub..... 4.80

III. Organization and technology of the construction process

1. Prior to the plastering of the premises, the following work must be performed:

a) all in common construction works(except finishing);

b) mounted, pressure tested and tested systems central heating, water supply and sewerage;

c) laid and checked concealed wiring and wiring of low-voltage lines;

d) ventilation ducts were cleaned, temporary openings were sealed and the premises were cleaned from debris;

e) a plastering station has been installed, mortar pumps, a vibrating screen and other mechanisms have been checked and tested;

f) water supply to the plastering station and each floor is provided by connecting rubber hoses to the risers of the internal water supply.

Premises, buildings must be accepted by the foreman of the plastering team for plastering work from the team that performed the previous work.

2. Plastering work is carried out sequentially, starting from the 5th floor. Having finished work in one entrance, the plasterers move on to the next, and so on.

3. In accordance with the accepted flow-link method, the team of plasterers is divided into 7 links. After working for some time on the performance of any one operation and having mastered this type of work well, the link proceeds to perform other operations. Gradually, each worker of the brigade must master all types of work.

4. Considering that plaster solutions arrive at the site no earlier than 11 a.m., it is necessary to provide a supply of lime mortar for work in the morning hours3-4 m 3, ensuring its acceptance at the end of the working day. If the solution is received only in the second shift, it is necessary to ensure its supply for the work of the brigade for the entire first shift.

5. The brought mortar is enriched by adding appropriate binders: cement, lime paste, gypsum, depending on the type of surface to be plastered and its purpose.

To process the solution, a temporary unit is installed at the site site. The room for this node is assembled from inventory shields; it houses a mortar mixer, an inventory box for receiving a solution with a capacity of 4.5 m 3.

The solution is pumped by a screw pump directly into the loading bucket of the mortar mixer, cement is also added there, depending on the type of surface to be plastered and the quality of the delivered solution. From the mortar mixer, the solution enters the vibrating sieve with cells 5´ 5 mm, and from there into the mortar pump hopper. As the hopper is filled, the minder turns on the mortar pump and the solution is fed to workplace. The same mortar pump delivers the solution for straining through an inclined sieve with cells of 1.0´ 1.0 mm. The filtered solution goes to the coating, and the screening is fed by a mortar pump into the receiving box. Mechanisms (mortar pumps supplying mortar for coating and screening), containers, an inclined sieve are installed in one of the rooms on the ground floor for ease of work in winter. The mortar pumps supplying the solution to the mortar pipelines have been modernized. They are equipped with compensators and auto-regulators, which are proposed by N.P. Shepelenko.

6. The compensator (see drawing K-00-00) is installed on the mortar pump instead of the existing air cap. When the pump piston moves forward, the air in the compensator pipe is compressed, and when the piston moves back, it expands and sends an additional portion of the solution into the mortar pipeline. Due to this, the pulsation is smoothed out, the rubber mortar pipeline does not wear out at the kinks, and most importantly, when the mortar is applied mechanized, the torch is even.

7. Auto-regulator (see drawing A-00-00) serves to increase the reliability of protection of mortar pumps from overloads, regulation of the nozzle torch and its performance. Rubber hoses with a diameter of 51 and 38 mm are used as mortar pipelines. In order to facilitate the work of the worker performing the nozzle, the last 10 m of the mortar conduit are made from hoses with a diameter of 32 mm (for spraying and soil) and a diameter of 25 mm (for covering) and are connected to the main mortar conduit using an adapter. A rod is attached to the end of the hose.

8. The fishing rod is a composite (threaded) pipe with a diameter of 3/4 "with a plug valve; depending on the consistency of the solution, an appropriate auger nozzle is screwed onto the end of the fishing rod.

Nozzles differ only in the volume of the screw chamber and the diameter of the outlet. Each nozzle has a set of nozzles with different outlets.

For work in bathrooms, the middle part of the pipe is thrown away.

9. Grouting of surfaces is done manually, but grouting can be done mechanically; for this purpose, a map for grouting plastered surfaces with a C-943 pneumatic trowel has been developed separately. To operate this machine stairwell two inventory risers for water and compressed air are mounted. Compressed air supplied by compressor 0-38.

10. For units performing work not related to the mechanical application of the solution, the solution is fed at the beginning of the shift into special containers. Cement and gypsum are delivered to the floors in sacks using a lift designed to service teams performing finishing, roofing and other work.

IV. Evaluation of the quality of work

1. The adhesion strength of individual layers of plaster to each other (spray, primer and top layer), as well as to the surface to be plastered, should be checked by light tapping.

2. Cracks, bumps, shells (dutiki), coarsely rough surface, gaps at window sills, platbands, skirting boards, heating appliances and others are not allowed.

V. Organization and methods of work

1. The basis for organizing the process of plastering work provides for dividing it into operations - the division of labor between ranks, that is, the flow-link method of performing work.

2. The units of the brigade are completed depending on the complexity, labor intensity and duration of the work performed and are included in the flow in a strict technological sequence.

3. Within the links, labor is distributed among individual plasterers in accordance with qualifications.

The composition of the brigade and the distribution of work by links

Notes . 1. Preparatory work(preparation of the surface for plastering, sealing of junctions) are carried out by workers who are not engaged in the main work (in the absence of a work front). After the preparatory work, the plasterers perform the main operations in separate sections - applying spray, soil, coating, plastering slopes, ceilings.

2. Work on plastering the ceiling is carried out by 2 units of 2 people each (see insert).

List of mechanisms, fixtures and tools for a team of plasterers of 21 people.

Plaster is a mixture that is used in construction and repair work for leveling walls, others. Also used to give them certain form and covering up defects.

If plaster is used on outside walls, then it is called facade. There is a concept to define this type of finishing processes. This is plaster work.

They are, by definition, a collection of several components.

Here they are: selection of mixtures, ingredients, tools, leveling work performed using one of the types of building mixtures used for this type.

When used indoors, the choice is made between several types. For example, it can be ordinary (simple according to the classification in SNiPs), improved, high-quality plaster.

And also there is such a thing as “doing according to beacons”. Collective colloquial name internal plaster- interior.

Exterior decoration is carried out in order to insulate the walls, to make them more airtight, not achievable for atmospheric precipitation. The process itself takes place in several stages. First, the so-called spraying is performed, the second stage is priming. And finally, the cover.

The spray is to “lay the foundation”, the first layer of the future protective coating all facade putty. According to the long-standing SNiPs ( Sanitary Norms and Rules 3.04.01-87) for the application of finishing and insulating coatings, it is less than five millimeters.

The second layer is soil. It is seven, maximum eight millimeters thick.

In some cases there is a need for a thicker middle layer external plaster. Then you need to do all the work in several stages, each of which consists in applying one layer 7 mm thick.

Only after the previous layer (previous layers) has completely dried, you can start working on the next one. Only in the described case will this comply with building codes.

The final layer is the third - covering. The norm of this level of plaster is two millimeters.

One more thing important note- when carrying out such work for a new building, it is imperative to wait for the moment when the walls settle and are cleaned. After building dust and other contaminants are removed, plastering work begins.

Another type of them is the so-called wet facade.

In this case, the plaster is applied on top of two additional layers: heat-insulating and reinforcing. If it is located above the insulation, then the solution layer should be no more than three to four millimeters thick.

This is an option for a thin-layer facade, and for a thick-layer facade, the norm increases to seven, a maximum of nine millimeters.

Unlike facade plaster, interior plaster performs slightly different functions in the room. It can be the basis for decorating and transforming walls inside buildings (gluing them, further applying mortar or tiling). The plaster is saturated with excess moisture, which is formed in the air of rooms and premises.

In a dry microclimate, on the contrary, it is obliged to allocate a certain amount of moisture, while becoming drier. The norm for the thickness of simple, improved and high quality plaster ranges from twelve to fifteen millimeters.

Roughness for conventional coating per four square meters of wall are acceptable, but not more than three pieces.

It is better that all planes are ideal. But if there are errors in the work of the plasterer, then their depth should be less than five millimeters. When measuring by level with special devices, the horizontal deviation cannot exceed three millimeters per meter.

The plaster mortar, made and laid properly, has its own humidity and is in contact with the microclimate of the room. To determine the quality of the wall, or rather its coating, use such an indicator as the moisture content of the base.

It should be no more than eight percent. The thickness of the plaster layer is simple, according to the norms, and from ten to fifteen millimeters.

The improved coating has slightly overestimated, in contrast to the first type, application rates. The thickness is about fifteen millimeters.

Plaster improved by SNiP must be laid in such a way that the number of irregularities is no more than two pieces per four square meters. This is one less than simple form coatings.

On a vertical plane, the level of plaster cannot deviate by more than two millimeters per running meter, which is 1 mm less than in the previous version. If speak about full height ceilings, then for this entire segment there should be a deviation of a maximum of ten millimeters. Although, the less, the better.

The horizontal measurement has also become one millimeter “stricter”: according to the norms, the deviation along the horizon line for each is only within two millimeters.

Irregularities are not desirable, but if present, their depth must be less than 3 mm. The humidity of the base, in the same way as in the previous example with simple plaster, fluctuates within eight percent, no more.

High quality coating subject to the strictest of the three basic types. Plaster of the third level must meet the following standards.

For each linear vertical meter, the plane deviation should not exceed one millimeter. The total difference, calculated for the entire height of the room in question, is no more than half a centimeter.

There can be only two irregularities, and then its depth is not more than 2 mm. Horizontally, the same deviation is allowed as vertically - 1 mm. The moisture content of the plaster base does not change and in this case it is 8%.

The main purpose of any type of application work is to level all flat surfaces (mainly walls) so that all intersections (corners) are ninety degrees exactly.

The same applies to door and window openings.

They need alignment no less than the walls.

In addition to the thickness of the layer covering the surface, it matters which building mix leveled the planes of the room.

It can be gypsum or, for example, cement mortar.

Also, SNiP determines exactly how this or that mixture for plastering should be applied correctly.

With regard to the number of layers of coatings, according to the rules, a single-layer coating is leveled immediately after application, and when using special building trowels, this is done immediately after the mortar has set. Improved plaster, according to the “rules”, is laid “along the beacons”.

What does this method of performing wall processing mean? Here are the main character traits and the rules for applying and working with this plastering method:

• The level created by dry mortar, is done “according to beacons”, that is, according to pre-installed special beacons with certain wall level marks.
• The height (thickness) of the future layer is set on these “columns” using a mortar mark.
• Additionally, a ruler is used to verify all levels, vertical and horizontal, which is simply called “level” in conversation. With the help of an air bubble, it is very convenient to set marks on the beacons.
• The most important indicator of the evenness of the “wall location” (meaning in space) is that the measuring ruler tool shows exactly the middle.
• After setting and drying the mortar marks, they proceed to further applying the mortar and leveling it with the help of the “rules” tool - a two-meter rail.

It is possible to use specially designed aluminum guides. They, if necessary, are fixed with a solution.

Because this species plaster (on lighthouses) belongs to the category complex types, that is, multilayer, make at the end one more (minimum) layer - a spare.

To fill large voids when leveling such structures, it is very unsafe and wrong to use only the actual plaster. After all, when drying, such material does not hold and swells. Bubbles are formed from a half-ripe building mixture, which subsequently burst.

That's it, so that such “catastrophes” do not happen, they do not apply on the wall, but on the grid, previously installed and fixed. To eliminate especially large faults or wall defects, it is recommended to use metal mesh with a cell thickness of more than four millimeters (it is called large-mesh).

According to the norms, its deepening into a thick plaster mass applied to the surface is two-thirds of the entire thickness of the layer. Moreover, the latter is equal to fifteen millimeters, provided that gypsum mixture. Wrinkles on the grid after it is immersed to the desired level in the solution should not occur.

Where one constituent element the entire structure adjoins another, it is necessary to overlap ten centimeters, but at the junction - 20 cm.

Basically, on normal walls or almost even walls, such a system is used - only in those places where it is planned to adjoin another structural element(especially if it has a significant weight).

During the construction and repair of buildings, houses or structures, various plaster mixes are used. Application in a certain way and layer on the surface is regulated by specially developed and long-established standards.

What types of plaster would be appropriate to choose for certain categories finishing works, namely for plastering? This question arises among builders and workers, foremen and private homeowners.

This difficult issue can be resolved by referring to generally accepted rules, which all repair and construction work must obey. This is plaster, SNiP (description of insulating and finishing coatings).

On the control of plastering work can be viewed on the video:

The price is 600 rubles / m2, but they can only start laying from October, because. they are loaded with work and will be released only at the beginning of October. If he agrees to wait, then they are ready to lay the masonry for him before winter. In the end, he agreed and received the masonry. Everyone is happy.

I can imagine what they imposed on him ... for that weather. then the rains pour, then the frost grabs.
Everyone is happy, you say? Oh well

... in some places, some, sometimes - usually large organizations involved in the installation of complex equipment AND EVERYTHING. The fact that at least someone somehow works and produces a good result is already an achievement. In many regions, there is already no one to really work. Moscow is overloaded with builders, and an acquaintance was in Abkhazia - they cannot find electricians there. plumbers, sane finishers - they are stupidly absent. Demographics and failures in vocational training will show developers Kuzkin's mother ..

I mean that the masters with adequate requests that correspond to their professionalism have no need to look for orders. They are simply passed from hand to hand and that's it. And those who stand at the markets and proudly call themselves a "builder", while constantly repeating that he has been working in Moscow for 10 years and built a lot of things, they are aching for what the light is and are waiting for their orders until someone still disagree on their rates.

I know very good craftsmen who are not passed from hand to hand. And at the end of the work, albeit for a small amount, they try to throw it away. no complaints about quality. Moreover, they are trying to throw quite intelligent, educated people who draw their reputation almost with a halo over their heads in a conversation:

About not very professional builders. Excuse me, but where does it come from great amount seasoned professionals? Are they mass-produced somewhere? invest money and organize refresher courses?
... in some places, some, sometimes - usually large organizations involved in the installation of complex equipment AND EVERYTHING. The fact that at least someone somehow works and produces a good result is already an achievement. In many regions, there is already no one to really work. Moscow is overloaded with builders, and an acquaintance was in Abkhazia - they cannot find electricians there. plumbers, sane finishers - they are stupidly absent. Demographics and failures in vocational training will show developers Kuzkin's mother ..