Technical regulation. Labor productivity in construction is determined both in physical terms, in the form of output (m 2 of plaster) per unit of time (hour, shift), and in monetary terms as an indicator of output in rubles per employee.

The amount of working time required to produce a unit quality products, is called the norm of time, which is usually expressed in man-hours (man-hours) or man-days (man-days).

The number of products that meet the requirements of SNiP, which a worker must produce per unit of time, is called the production rate. It is determined in terms of person-hours or person-days.

The time norms take into account all the time spent to perform the main work, including the time to receive the assignment, receive materials, receive and hand over the tool, refuel it, point it, and clean the workplace. The norms also take into account the necessary breaks for rest and for technological reasons.

Norms are set on the basis of numerous observations and average steady achievements of advanced workers. Norms of time (production) do not remain constant. Over time, they are revised in order to reflect in them the results of the progress of engineering and construction technology.

The technical standards established for mandatory use by all construction projects nationwide are called unified. Along with the unified all-Union norms in construction, departmental norms are used that are established for work that is performed by only one department. If the work is carried out in specific conditions in the system of any trust and they are not covered by uniform or departmental norms, then local norms are established.

Together with the norms of time, prices for each type of work are also calculated. Based on these rates, the amount of wages for the work performed is determined. "Uniform norms and prices for construction, installation and repair and construction work" (ENiR) approved by the State Construction Committee of the USSR and State Committee Council of Ministers of the USSR on labor and wages in agreement with the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions for mandatory use by all organizations.

The ENiR collections contain brief characteristics processes, work instructions for complex construction processes or new types of work, the scope of work with a listing of the main operations, the estimated composition of the links, the norms of time and prices.

In accordance with the principles of socialist society, labor in the USSR is paid according to its quantity, quality and complexity. All works in construction have a category.

Simple work, for which it is enough to have general labor skills and knowledge of safety regulations, belong to the 1st category. Work requiring prior vocational training, belong to the 2nd category, etc. The distribution of work, depending on the degree of their complexity by category, is called billing.

In construction, all work is divided into six categories. The 6th category includes the most complex work, requiring special knowledge and high professional skills, and in some professions these jobs are extremely rare.

On the basis of a six-digit tariff scale, depending on the complexity and responsibility of the work performed, as well as the features of their production technology, workers are billed. The main document for the billing of works and construction workers is the Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Occupations of Workers Employed in Construction and Repair and Construction Works (TCS) of 1969, which is mandatory for use in all construction and installation and repair and construction organizations.

On the basis of the Tariff and Qualification Handbook, each worker is assigned a tariff category in accordance with his qualifications. The category is assigned by a commission consisting of a chief engineer or a site manager, a foreman, a labor engineer or a standard setter, a representative of a trade union organization, and one or two workers.

When establishing a category, a worker must perform at least three types of work indicated in the “Examples of work” section, as well as answer all questions regarding the features of the work of the corresponding category from the “Must Know” section. At the same time, the worker is obliged to comply with the current production standards with the quality of products that meet the requirements of SNiP.

In construction, the following tariff scale with hourly rates depending on the rank: the higher the rank, the higher the rate.

Wage system. For construction workers of all specialties, two forms of remuneration are used: piecework and time.

The piece-rate form of remuneration is subdivided into direct, piece-bonus and piecework.

The direct piece-rate form of wages is characterized by the fact that each unit of quality output produced by the worker(s) is paid at the same piece-rate, regardless of the quantity of output.

Thus, with a straight line piece system wages, the worker's earnings are directly proportional to the volume of work performed and are determined by multiplying the rates by the number of products performed.

A piece-bonus form of remuneration is a system in which workers are given a piecework task with the condition that if this work is completed by the deadline specified in the task (order), then the worker will be paid a bonus that depends on piecework earnings according to the issued along with for each percentage reduction of the standard time and quality of work performed by "excellent" - up to 3%, "good" - up to 2% and "satisfactory" - 0.5%.

The lump-sum form of remuneration consists in the fact that wage paid for the final result of the work, for example, for plastering the whole apartment.

The time-based form of remuneration is used in cases where it is impossible to correctly record the work performed or there are no relevant standards for these works. At time payment labor wages to workers are paid at the tariff rate of the category assigned to the worker.

Payment is made for the time actually worked, that is, by multiplying the number of hours worked by its tariff rate.

The time-bonus form of remuneration differs from the time-based one in that, in addition to payment at the tariff rate for the time worked, workers are rewarded for fulfilling and overfulfilling the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the site they serve. The bonus is paid based on the results of work for the month in the amount of up to 25% of the tariff rate. For the leadership of the brigade, the foreman receives 2% of the total earnings of the entire brigade, excluding bonuses, but not more than 40 rubles. per month, provided that the team must have at least 10 people for general construction and complex work and at least 6 people for special and assembly work.

For piece-workers and time-workers, a bonus is paid for commissioning construction projects on time or ahead of schedule. The size of the bonus for workers is approved by the head of the construction and installation department, the capital construction department or the head of the enterprise in agreement with the trade union committee.

The total earnings of a link or brigade are distributed among the workers in proportion to the time actually spent on work by each member of the link, brigade and depending on the time assigned to him. tariff category by earning rate.

By the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On measures to improve the quality of housing and civil construction" (1969), in order to stimulate the improvement of the quality of finishing work in construction, it was recognized that it was necessary to increase the tariffication of finishing work performed in construction and at house-building enterprises by an average of one rank.

Uniform norms of production and time

COLLECTION E8

FINISHING COATINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

FINISHING WORK

INTRODUCTION

1. The production and time standards of this collection provide for the main types of finishing works: plastering, painting, wallpaper, glass and facing.

2. The structures of buildings and structures to be finished must comply in terms of quality and tolerance with the requirements provided for by the chapters of the relevant SNiPs and GOSTs.

3. Materials and products used for finishing work must meet the requirements of the relevant standards.

4. Finishing work is carried out in accordance with the project for the production of works (PPR) for the construction of buildings and structures. The main requirements for the quality of finishing work, limit deviations shown in technical parts to the corresponding chapters of the collection.

5. The norms take into account the performance of the following auxiliary operations, which are not additionally paid:

cleaning of treated surfaces from contamination with a spatula with sweeping or wiping with rags up to 10% of the entire area, except for the norms of § E8-1-15 table 2, line 7, tables 5, 6, 7, 9; E8-1-18 Table 2; E8-1-19; E8-1-28 tables 3, 4, in which direct norms are given for this operation;

surface wetting;

shoveling the finished solution;

rearrangement and relocation within one section of scaffolding tables with rearrangement of shields, stepladders and under them ladders during processing internal surfaces up to 3.5 m high, except § E8-1-33;

protection of sanitary appliances, window glass and joinery with simple improvised means;

movement of materials at a distance of up to 30 m, given to the horizontal.

6. The norms provide for the performance of work at a height of up to 3.5 m.

When processing surfaces located above 3.5 m (from the floor or ceiling mark), with the movement of ready-made mobile scaffolds, multiply by 0.8, -1.25 (VT-1).

7. Norms are not taken into account and are paid additionally:

installation and rearrangement of scaffolding, continuous tape and other fixed scaffolds - according to the collection E6 "Carpentry and joinery in buildings and structures";

movement of materials at a distance in excess of that specified in paragraph 5 of this introductory part - according to the collection E1 "Internal transport work";

preparation of mortars (except in special cases) - according to the collection E3 "Stone work";

maintenance of compressors and installation of air ducts and mortar pipelines.

8. The norms provide for the performance of work in rooms with a floor area of ​​St. 5 m. When working in rooms with floor area up to 5 m and multiply:

according to chapter 1, except for § E8-1-13, 0.67, 1.5 (HF-2);

according to Ch.2, 3, 5 0.83, 1.2 (HF-3).

9. The norms of § E8-1-1 Table 2 columns "e" and § E8-1-5 Table 1 apply only in some cases with the obligatory execution of an act for work related to the revision building structures and details on the construction site.

10. All types of finishing work covered by this collection must be carried out in compliance with the rules provided for by SNiP III-4-80 "Technique".

Workers must know and follow the specified safety regulations when performing work.

11. Tariffication of works is made in accordance with the ETKS of works and professions of workers, issue 3, section. "Construction, installation and", approved in 1985 with subsequent additions and changes as of 1987

12. The paragraphs show the norms of production () and the norms of time () in the form of a fraction (above four, under the line -) or separately in two adjacent columns.

13. Time standards are given in man-hours for the meter adopted in the paragraph.

14. Production rates are calculated on the basis of time rates () per unit of the accepted work meter based on a work shift of 8 hours for 1 worker. When performing link processes, it is determined by multiplying for 1 worker by the number of workers involved in the performance of the corresponding work.

15. Prices are calculated directly in, based on the time standards established in these organizations.

Chapter 1. PLASTERING

Technical part

1. The norms of this chapter take into account the performance of internal and external plastering works in accordance with the requirements of section 3 of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings".

2. In the production of plastering works, all technological operations, where mechanization means are provided, must be carried out only mechanized way. Applying the solution manually is allowed in rooms with a floor area of ​​​​5 m or less, as well as in conditions that do not allow the use of means of mechanized application of the solution.

3. Concrete and gypsum concrete surfaces are treated before plastering: cutting, notching, priming with a 7% solution of polyvinyl acetate and subsequent plastering with a polymer cement mortar, treatment with a 10% solution of technical hydrochloric acid.

Smooth surfaces concrete elements prefabricated prefabricated structures, as well as rolled gypsum concrete panels with clean smooth surface are not subject to plastering.

4. When plastering rooms with a height of more than 3.5 m and facades, inventory scaffolding is provided. The scaffolding used must be sustainable, providing safe work plasterers.

5. and taken into account, except in special cases:

with mechanized supply and mechanized application - the use of lime-gypsum, cement-lime or cement mortars;

with manual plastering - the use of cement-lime or cement mortars.

6. With mechanized supply and mechanized application of lime and clay mortars, as well as with manual plastering - the use of warm and cold lime, lime-gypsum, cinder and clay mortars - multiply by 1.2, - by 0.85 (PM-1) . When working with chlorinated lime mortars, multiply by 0.9 (PM-2). When working with chlorinated cement-lime or chlorinated cement mortars- - by 0.9, - by 1.1 (PM-3).

7. When plastering facades, it is provided that the area of ​​openings does not exceed 20% of the area of ​​facades. With a larger opening, multiply by 0.83, - by 1.2 (PM-4).

The percentage of opening is determined for each wall (main facade, courtyard facade, end facade) and for each type of plastering (ordinary, decorative) separately.

8. The measurement of the performed plastering work is calculated minus the area of ​​the openings along the outer rim of the boxes. With a width of cornices or abutments exceeding 300 mm, the areas occupied by them are excluded from the measurement.

9. In the production of plastering work must be observed technical requirements given in the following table:

10. When accepting plastering work to finished coatings According to SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings", the following requirements are imposed:

the plaster must be firmly connected to the surface of the plastered structure and not peel off from it;

plastered surfaces should not have limit deviations exceeding those given in the table.

Workers must know and comply with all the requirements for the quality of work performed, provided for in this chapter.

§ E8-1-1. Preparation of surfaces for plastering

Guidelines for the application of standards

The norms of this paragraph provide for the coating of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick and wooden architectural details (cornices, belts, etc.), junctions of wooden parts of buildings with stone, brick and concrete structures metal mesh with cells measuring 10x10 mm or weaving from wire with cells measuring not St. 40x40 mm, if necessary, plastering with a layer of St. 20 mm.

Places of mating of plastered surfaces made of different materials, are upholstered with a metal mesh with an overlap of 4-5 cm on both sides of the joint, and the surfaces wooden structures- lathing boards with a mesh size of 45x45 mm in the clear without weaving the pancakes.

Upholstery with piece shreds is made only with small amounts of work.

Notching surfaces and felling concrete sags

Composition of the work

1. Notching the surface with strokes or cutting down the influx of concrete. 2. Surface cleaning.

Table 1

table 2

Production rates in m
Norm of time per 100 m of prepared surface

Fastening plaster mesh and braiding with wire over nails

Scope of work

When punching the mesh along the frame coated with a solution

1. Marking and cutting the grid. 2. Mesh punching finished frame with pull. 3. Preparation of cement milk. 4. Spraying the mesh with cement milk (when coated with lime-gypsum mortar). 5. Preparation of lime- gypsum mortar. 6. Coating the grid with a solution.

When fastening mesh strips in the corners and on the furrows or at the junction of structures made of different materials

1. Marking and cutting the grid into strips. 2. Attaching the mesh to wooden surfaces nails; to brick, concrete - mortar. 3. Preparation of gypsum mortar by hand.

When wrapping metal beams with mesh

1. Marking and cutting the grid. 2. Wrapping the beams with mesh with fastening.

When braiding wire over nails

1. Stuffing nails. 2. Braiding with wire.

Table 3

Production rates in m
Time limits for meters indicated in the table

Upholstery of wooden surfaces

Plasterer 2 bit.

Table 4

Production rates in m
Time limits for 100 m of prepared surface

All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are for informational purposes only. Electronic copies of these documents can be distributed without any restrictions. You can post information from this site on any other site.

MINTYAZHSTROY USSR
GLAVSREDURALSTROY
Trust ORGTEHSTROY

ROUTING

PLASTERING IN A BRICK HOUSE
series 1-447s-34

Sverdlovsk 1969

The maps of labor processes were developed on the basis of summarizing the experience of advanced plastering teams of the Sverdlovskgrazhdanstroy trust and conducting schools of advanced plastering methods organized by the Orgtekhstroy Glavsreduralstroy trust in other construction organizations of the Glavka.

LIST OF TYPICAL LABOR PROCESS CHARTS FOR PLASTERING IN A RESIDENTIAL BRICK HOUSE SERIES 1-447С-34

I. Scope

The technological map for plastering work has been developed in relation to standard project 5-storey brick residential building series 1-447s.

The flow-link method of plastering work adopted by this map helps to improve the quality of work and increase labor productivity. The work is carried out in rhythm: 14 days - entrance. The size of the brigade is 21 people, the brigade works in one shift.

II. Technical and economic indicators

1. Number of apartments - 58, including: 3-room apartments - 20; 2-room apartments - 14; 1-room - 24; staircases - 3.

2. The volume of plaster work for the whole house, m 2 ... .. 11510

3. Labor intensity of plastering work for the whole house, man-days ..... 829.5

4. Labor intensity per 1 m 2 of plaster, man-days ... .. 0.07

5. Output per 1 plasterer per shift, m 2 .…. 13.90

6. Duration of plaster work for the whole house, days (working) ..... 39.5

7. The cost of labor for the whole house, rubles .. ... 3985

8. Average daily wage per 1 worker, rub..... 4.80

III. Organization and technology of the construction process

1. Prior to the plastering of the premises, the following work must be performed:

a) all general construction works (except finishing);

b) mounted, pressure tested and tested systems central heating, water supply and sewerage;

c) laid and checked concealed wiring and wiring of low-voltage lines;

d) ventilation ducts were cleaned, temporary openings were sealed and the premises were cleaned from debris;

e) a plastering station has been installed, mortar pumps, a vibrating screen and other mechanisms have been checked and tested;

f) water supply to the plastering station and each floor is provided by connecting rubber hoses to the internal water supply risers.

Premises, buildings must be accepted by the foreman of the plastering team for plastering work from the team that performed the previous work.

2. Plastering work is carried out sequentially, starting from the 5th floor. Having finished work in one entrance, the plasterers move on to the next, and so on.

3. In accordance with the accepted flow-link method, the team of plasterers is divided into 7 links. After working for some time on the performance of any one operation and having mastered this type of work well, the link proceeds to perform other operations. Gradually, each worker of the brigade must master all types of work.

4. Considering that plaster solutions arrive at the site no earlier than 11 a.m., it is necessary to provide a supply of lime mortar for work in the morning hours3-4 m 3, ensuring its acceptance at the end of the working day. If the solution is received only in the second shift, it is necessary to ensure its supply for the work of the brigade for the entire first shift.

5. The brought mortar is enriched by adding appropriate binders: cement, lime paste, gypsum, depending on the type of surface to be plastered and its purpose.

To process the solution, a temporary unit is installed at the site site. The room for this node is assembled from inventory shields; it houses a mortar mixer, an inventory box for receiving a solution with a capacity of 4.5 m 3.

The solution is pumped by a screw pump directly into the loading bucket of the mortar mixer, cement is also added there, depending on the type of surface to be plastered and the quality of the delivered solution. From the mortar mixer, the solution enters the vibrating sieve with cells 5´ 5 mm, and from there into the mortar pump hopper. As the hopper is filled, the minder turns on the mortar pump and the solution is fed to workplace. The same mortar pump delivers the solution for straining through an inclined sieve with cells of 1.0´ 1.0 mm. The filtered solution goes to the coating, and the screening is fed by a mortar pump into the receiving box. Mechanisms (mortar pumps supplying mortar for coating and screening), containers, an inclined sieve are installed in one of the rooms on the ground floor for ease of work in winter. The mortar pumps supplying the solution to the mortar pipelines have been modernized. They are equipped with compensators and auto-regulators, which are proposed by N.P. Shepelenko.

6. The compensator (see drawing K-00-00) is installed on the mortar pump instead of the existing air cap. When the pump piston moves forward, the air in the compensator pipe is compressed, and when the piston moves back, it expands and sends an additional portion of the solution into the mortar pipeline. Due to this, the pulsation is smoothed out, the rubber mortar pipeline does not wear out at the kinks, and most importantly, when the mortar is applied mechanized, the torch is even.

7. Auto-regulator (see drawing A-00-00) serves to increase the reliability of protection of mortar pumps from overloads, regulation of the nozzle torch and its performance. Rubber hoses with a diameter of 51 and 38 mm are used as mortar pipelines. In order to facilitate the work of the worker performing the nozzle, the last 10 m of the mortar conduit are made of hoses with a diameter of 32 mm (for spraying and soil) and a diameter of 25 mm (for covering) and are connected to the main mortar conduit using an adapter. A rod is attached to the end of the hose.

8. The fishing rod is a composite (threaded) pipe with a diameter of 3/4 "with a plug valve; depending on the consistency of the solution, an appropriate auger nozzle is screwed onto the end of the fishing rod.

Nozzles differ only in the volume of the screw chamber and the diameter of the outlet. Each nozzle has a set of nozzles with different outlets.

For work in bathrooms, the middle part of the pipe is thrown away.

9. Grouting of surfaces is done manually, but grouting can be done mechanically; for this purpose, a map for grouting plastered surfaces with a C-943 pneumatic trowel has been developed separately. To operate this machine stairwell two inventory risers for water and compressed air are mounted. Compressed air supplied by compressor 0-38.

10. For units performing work not related to the mechanical application of the solution, the solution is fed at the beginning of the shift into special containers. Cement and gypsum are delivered to the floors in sacks using a lift designed to service teams performing finishing, roofing and other work.

IV. Evaluation of the quality of work

1. The adhesion strength of individual layers of plaster to each other (spray, primer and top layer), as well as to the surface to be plastered, should be checked by light tapping.

2. Cracks, bumps, shells (dutiki), coarsely rough surface, gaps at window sills, platbands, skirting boards, heating appliances and others are not allowed.

V. Organization and methods of work

1. The basis for organizing the process of plastering work provides for dividing it into operations - the division of labor between ranks, that is, the flow-link method of performing work.

2. The units of the brigade are staffed depending on the complexity, labor intensity and duration of the work performed and are included in the stream in a strict technological sequence.

3. Within the links, labor is distributed among individual plasterers in accordance with qualifications.

The composition of the brigade and the distribution of work by links

Notes . 1. Preparatory work(preparation of the surface for plastering, sealing of junctions) are carried out by workers who are not engaged in the main work (in the absence of a work front). After the preparatory work, the plasterers perform the main operations in separate sections - applying spray, soil, coating, plastering slopes, ceilings.

2. Work on plastering the ceiling is carried out by 2 units of 2 people each (see insert).

List of mechanisms, fixtures and tools for a team of plasterers of 21 people.