Rampways and lowered curbstones. Permissible curb height and who is responsible for it? Height of curbs according to GOST at the intersection
GOST 6665-91. Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones
in road construction and landscape design apply different kinds curb railings. They are installed along highways, at bus stops public transport. They frame pedestrian paths, and also separate green spaces in park areas and squares. Industrial products combine functionality and attractiveness. appearance. Knowing the purpose, it is important to choose the right curb stone in size and shape, GOST regulates the dimensions for all types. It remains only to purchase and install the necessary product with high quality.
Features of the use of different types of products
According to the terminology used in the current standard, a curb stone is called a concrete or reinforced concrete side stone.
It has been used for centuries in various fields:
- in road construction to separate the pedestrian traffic area from the carriageway. This allows you to create safe conditions for movement, and also fixes the roadbed;
- in the improvement of recreation areas, landscape design, as well as for decoration garden plots. It separates green spaces, protecting the soil from erosion by water.
The product is made from quality concrete mix method of semi-dry vibrational pressing, which makes it possible to provide increased performance characteristics. Regulatory document allows the manufacture of granite stone, as well as reinforced concrete.
Curbs made by semi-dry vibrocompression have high quality characteristics
Side stone GOST classifies by types that differ in scope:
- road. It is in demand in the construction of roads in settlements, when creating a border between the carriageway and the pedestrian area. The stone ensures the integrity of the roadbed, making it difficult to move under the influence of loads, and also strengthens the sidewalk;
- trunk. Used in the field road construction during the construction of highways located outside settlements. According to the standard, it is made of concrete of higher grades, which increases its strength and service life. Differs in the increased length;
- sidewalk. It is indispensable in the implementation of measures for the improvement of park areas, city squares, paths, squares, sidewalks. Provides protection of lawns, flower beds, beds from erosion as a result of intensive rainfall. It is characterized by a variety of shapes and colors;
- garden. The cross-sectional shape resembles paving stone, however, it has an increased length and a reduced width compared to the sidewalk. It is used when creating recreation areas, landscaping parks, decorating squares, as well as decorative trim lawns on summer cottages;
- lawn. It is a fairly popular variety of curbstones. Used as decorative element when making paths and flower beds located in summer cottages, as well as when breaking down garden areas. Differs in the reduced size on height, small weight.
All types of curb stone are used to organize drainage, as they rise above the main surface. This allows you to direct the flow of water in the right direction.
The main types of vibropressed curbs are main curbs, road curbs and garden curbs.
What are the characteristics of the road curb GOST 6665-91
Made in accordance with the requirements of the standard, the curb has many advantages:
- increased strength and wear resistance. These properties are achieved by manufacturing using progressive technology using high grades of concrete or by manufacturing products from natural stone;
- resistance to moisture. Granite practically does not absorb moisture, and molded products are characterized by low hygroscopicity. This is achieved by introducing various additives;
- resistant to impact negative temperatures. Due to the reduced hygroscopicity, the integrity of the product is maintained during water crystallization. However, if the technology is violated, the products can quickly collapse.
The side stone has the following parameters:
- configuration;
- sizes;
- section shape.
Gravel laying. For an "easy" road, one layer of the middle fraction (20 - 40 mm) is enough. If a highway is being built, it is recommended to lay crushed stone in several layers: the first layer is from a large fraction (40 - 70 mm), followed by a medium one, the last one is from a fine one (5 - 20 mm). The main thing is to roll each layer with a roller.
Even at the stage of laying the base, it is advisable to provide bevels on the sides for water drainage. If curbs are provided, then they are also installed before asphalt is laid. This also applies to others preparatory work(carrying out or repairing sewers, raising manholes). Only after that you can take up the asphalting itself. The thickness of the asphalt, like the base, depends on the intended use of the road.
The minimum thickness is 4-5 cm (for yard areas, etc.). At high intensity traffic asphalt is laid in layers using different grain sizes. The first layer is coarse-grained, fine-grained on top. For greater reliability, a third surface layer of asphalt chips is laid. In layered asphalt important point is the adhesion of the layers to each other. They just don’t connect so easily, so before applying each next layer, the previous one is poured with bitumen.
There are two principal approaches to asphalt paving: cold paving and hot paving.
Cold paving of asphalt chips most often used in road repairs. Asphalt gains strength in compression, the main thing at the same time is to compact the coating well. After such laying, the coating is ready and the movement can be resumed.Hot paving asphalt chips used in construction new road or overhaul old. Asphalt with this technology must certainly be laid hot. The mixture itself is prepared at the factory, from where it must be delivered to the construction site as soon as possible in special machines. And not just deliver, but unload, evenly distribute and roll until the asphalt has cooled down. Otherwise quality coverage will not work. In this case, the most important factor is the weather. Oddly enough, but often the construction of a new road or the repair of an old one is delayed precisely for this reason.
Similar to the connection of layers, it is necessary to ensure a seamless connection of the strips to each other. This can be achieved only with continuous work, when the already laid strip has not yet cooled down and the laying of a new one immediately begins. Delivery of the mixture must be carried out in a timely manner so that there is no shortage of hot asphalt. It is not better if a lot of hot mixture is brought at once: the surplus has time to cool and become unusable.
Asphalt compaction is produced special equipment: pavers, vibratory plate or hand roller. So that the laid coating does not stick to the roller, it is constantly moistened with water.
After the asphalt has cooled down, the road can be exploited. And always remember that such a coating needs constant care.
Side stone, curb stone, curb, curb - these are all names for the same element of road improvement. Among them, there are vibrocompressed road and vibrocompressed pavement structures used in the construction of road surfaces. These elements are used to: separate the carriageway from sidewalks, lawns and public transport stops, as well as the separation of sidewalks and footpaths from lawns. This is one of the essential elements of road paving. not only serves as a separator between the carriageway and the pedestrian zone, but also gives the road a finished look, serves as a stop when laying paving slabs.
Fitting is done using special equipment which allows you to achieve high results. In addition, this allows for a more even layout of building materials and, accordingly, high strength the resulting fence.
- First, you need to prepare a trench for the future curb. This will help the device with which you can dig a trench. Or use a regular shovel.
- Secondly, no less important for laying a curb stone is a device - a trench rammer. He will make the bottom of the ditch even.
Proper installation of the structure is also a disciplining factor for drivers.
The width of the seam between the stones should not exceed 5 mm. Seam filling is done cement mortar composition 1:4, after which they are embroidered with a solution of composition 1:2. concrete element, used in the repair or asphalting of the carriageway, can be divided into several types:- Large. It carries a functional load - separating the roadbed from the sidewalk and ensuring the safety of pedestrians;
- Small border. Most often used to separate one pedestrian area or road from another.
Interestingly, the document building codes and rules), which should help cyclists to overcome the curb and easily enter the sidewalks, is intended for the design, construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures accessible to all people with limited mobility. Here the interests of cyclists coincide with the interests of wheelchair users. And since Russia signed the Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the General Assembly in 1975, there are articles in the legislation that are useful to us, cyclists.
3.4 The height of the curbs along the edges of the pedestrian paths on the site is recommended to be at least 0.05 m. The height of the side stone at the intersection of sidewalks with the carriageway, as well as the height difference of curbs, side stones along operated lawns and landscaped areas adjacent to pedestrian paths, must not exceed 0.04 m .
This "snip" (building codes and regulations) is included in international classifier ISO 91.040.01 enabling people with disabilities to lead an active lifestyle. "Snip" replaced VSN 62-91 * of 1994, in which a similar paragraph was as follows:
"...2.2.2. At the intersection of pedestrian paths with the carriageway of streets and roads, the height of sidewalk stones must be at least 2.5 cm and not exceed 4 cm. It is not allowed to use side stones with a beveled upper edge or ramps narrowing the width of the carriageway..."
Thus, as I understand it, there is an organization Rostekhnadzor, which should monitor compliance with the Classifier ISO 91.040.01(Construction as a whole) of the above-mentioned SNiP.
"The Moscow MTU of Rostechnadzor faces the main tasks of exercising the powers aimed at implementing the legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation in the field of ... construction supervision ... in order to prevent accidents, injuries and reduce the likelihood of negative impact on humans..."
Side stone BR 100.30.15, for separating the carriageway of intra-block passages from sidewalks and lawns GOST 6665-91
Side stone BR 100.20.8, for separating footpaths and sidewalks from lawns GOST 6665-91
And here is the main stone for us cyclists - APPAREL
Description by GOST 6665-91
ramp stone, reference mass- according to the project (i.e. there are no sizes, they do it as it will turn out on the spot), purpose - for pairing the coatings of bicycle paths and sidewalks with heavy traffic of children's and wheelchairs, etc. with the coating of the carriageways of streets and roads at intersections
Note. The length of the ramp (la) for sidewalk pavements made of prefabricated slabs is taken as a multiple of the size of the slabs, and other dimensions - depending on the brand of stone.
When moving around the city, curbstones are the main obstacle for wheelchair users. They don't allow outside help drive from the road surface onto the sidewalk and freely cross the intersections.
To overcome these obstacles, ramps or lowering of the curbstone are built. The exit is a "mini-ramp". Sidewalk exits should have a slope of no more than 1:10, like a ramp.
Width - at least 90 cm.
At all places where pedestrian paths intersect with the carriageway of streets and roads, the height of sidewalk stones must be at least 2.5 cm and not exceed 4 cm, as in the photo on the left. Minimum Width reduced curb, based on the dimensions of the wheelchair, should be at least 900 mm. A lowered curbstone should be painted bright yellow (or white).
Contrasting coloring helps disabled people with visual impairments navigate and at the same time indicates to disabled people of the musculoskeletal system (moving on crutches, in wheelchairs) the places of a possible exit-entry onto the sidewalk.
It should be noted that in world practice, as a rule, the curb is reduced not to 2.54 cm, but to zero, in order to eliminate all obstacles in the way of people's movement. But, it was determined that Russian conditions this creates difficulties for the landscaping services - when the sweeper comes, all the garbage ends up on the sidewalk. A grader that clears snow along the curb in these places cannot determine the boundary between the sidewalk and the curb, which is fraught with damage to either the grader or the regular curb along the road. Also, there is a danger of cars colliding with pedestrians. All these arguments led to the fact that the indicated standards for a reduced curb were established.
But at the same time, it should be taken into account that some of the disabled, especially those in electric wheelchairs, cannot overcome the curb even 2-3 cm. A curb of 5 cm will not overcome the majority. Therefore, we strongly recommend installing lowered curbs at least along the lower edge of the standards with a height of 2.5 cm.
All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are for informational purposes only. Electronic copies of these documents can be distributed without any restrictions. You can post information from this site on any other site.
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FEDERALAGENCY |
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NATIONAL |
GOSTR |
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Automobile roads common use
ELEMENTS OF ARRANGEMENT.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERS
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Moscow |
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. No. 184-FZ"On technical regulation", and the rules of application national standards Russian Federation - GOST 1.0 -2004"Standardization In Russian federation . Basic Provisions»
Intelligenceaboutstandard
1. DESIGNED BY THE FED public unitary enterprise "Russian road scientific - research institute" (FSUE "ROSDORNII") of Rosavtodor together with the Department of Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and CJSC "DORISCONSULT"
2. INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 418 "Road Facilities"
3. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of October 23, 2007 No. 271-st
4. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
the dateintroductions- 2008 - 07 - 01
1 area of use
This standard applies to the elements of arrangement highways general use, designed to improve convenience and improve road safety in accordance with GOST R 52766.
The standard establishes methods for determining the parameters of road infrastructure elements.
2. Regulatory references
This standard uses references to the following standards:
4. Methods for determining the parameters of technical means and devices for organizing and ensuring road safety
4.1. Road signs and signals
4.1.1. Road signs
4.1.1.1. Tests of physical and electrical parameters of road signs are carried out in accordance with GOST R 52290 (section 7); photo and colorimetric parameters according to GOST R 52290 (section 8).
4.1.1.2. Determination of the compliance of the installation of road signs on the roads with traffic management projects and GOST R 52289 is carried out by a field survey.
4.1.2. Scoreboard with changing information
4.1.2.1. Compliance of the dimensions of the board, the inscriptions and symbols depicted on them with the sizes of similar elements for signs individual design according to GOST R 52290, they are determined by measuring these elements using measuring rulers according to GOST 427 or tape measures according to GOST 7502.
4.1.2.3. To measure the distance, use a car that has visibility from the driver's seat in accordance with GOST R 51266 and is equipped with a device for measuring the distance traveled with a measurement error of not more than ± 2%, or use a stopwatch.
4.1.2.4. Tests should be carried out under the following conditions:
The section of the road on which the scoreboard is installed must have natural illumination corresponding to the light or dark time of the day; in the presence of artificial lighting, it must be turned on, and the lamps must be in good condition;
The scoreboard must be turned on and in working order;
The meteorological visibility range at the test site should be at least 1000 m;
The car with the observer must move in the direction of the scoreboard at a constant speed allowed in the area where the scoreboard is installed;
When testing at night, the car must have dipped headlights on;
On the test site, there should be no traffic in the opposite direction of vehicles with the main beam headlights on.
It is not allowed to carry out tests at atmospheric precipitations.
4.1.2.5. Measurement of distances of distinguishability of inscriptions and symbols on the scoreboard is carried out by measuring the path of the point in which the observer begins to distinguish all the inscriptions and symbols on the scoreboard to the alignment of the scoreboard.
It is possible to determine distances by measuring with a stopwatch the length of time from the moment the observer, who is in a car moving at a constant speed, begins to distinguish between inscriptions and symbols on the scoreboard until the car passes the alignment of the scoreboard. The distance in this case is determined by the duration of the marked period of time and the speed of the vehicle.
4.1.2.7. The correct placement of the scoreboard on the road is determined by the compliance of its placement with the project (scheme) of traffic management and the compliance of its position on the road with the rules for installing information road signs of individual design in accordance with GOST R 52289.
4.1.3. road markings
Parameter measurement road markings and compliance with its application to the road surface (GOST R 52289 and GOST R 51256) is carried out with a measuring tape according to GOST 7502.
4.1.4. traffic lights
The measurement of the parameters of road traffic lights is carried out according to GOST R 52282.
4.2.1. signal road bollards
4.2.1.1. Determination of the linear dimensions of the posts (dimensions, dimensions of vertical marking elements), as well as the parameters of their installation on the roads (distance from the edge subgrade, carriageway, between posts) for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 50970 is carried out using measuring ruler according to GOST 427 and tape measures according to GOST 7502.
4.2.1.2. The position of the bevel of the upper part of the column, the position of the columns located on opposite sides of the road, the presence of retroreflectors and defects are determined visually when examining the columns.
4.2.1.3. Determination of photometric parameters of retroreflectors located on signal posts - according to GOST R 50971.
4.2.2. Signal road bollards
4.2.2.1. The height of the pedestals and geometric parameters their vertical marking is determined by a measuring ruler in accordance with GOST 427.
4.2.2.2. The visibility distance of the pedestals in the dark is determined in accordance with -.
4.2.3. Road reflectors
The technical parameters of retroreflectors on highways are determined in accordance with GOST R 50971.
The height of the curb of the guide islands is measured using a level in accordance with GOST 9392 and a measuring ruler in accordance with GOST 427.
The height of the curb is determined by measuring the gap between pavement and the lower face of the level set in horizontal position to the top of the curb. The height of the curb at any point must not exceed 10 cm.
4.2.5. islands of safety
The curb height of traffic islands is measured in accordance with 4.2.4. The height of the curb at any point must be (10 ± 1) cm.
4.3. Vehicle impact devices
4.3.1. artificial bumps
The parameters of artificial irregularities are determined according to GOST R 52605.
4.3.2. Noise bands
4.3.2.1. The placement of noise strips on the road section is checked against the project (scheme) of traffic organization.
4.3.2.2. The width of the strips and the distance between the strips are measured with a measuring tape according to GOST 7502.
4.3.2.3. The height of the strips is determined by a rail with a wedge gauge according to GOST 30412.
The rail is laid across the strip so that one of its ends at a length of 15-20 cm is placed above the road surface. Then, with a wedge gauge, measure the gap between the lower edge of the rail and the road surface. Measurements are carried out over the entire width of the noise band at points spaced 0.5 m apart.
The measurement result is taken as the average value of the measurements carried out on the noise band.
4.3.3. emergency ramps
4.3.3.1. The linear parameters of the exit (length, width of the exit, dimensions of the turning area) are determined according to GOST R 52577.
Slopes are measured with a level according to GOST 10528.
4.3.3.2. The thickness of the coating layer of loose material, as well as the height of the sand bank, is measured by immersing a metal rod with a diameter of 8–10 mm and a length of 150 cm into it.
The rod is buried in a loose coating or sand bank in vertical position with a force of 10 kg. The thickness of the coating and the height of the sand bank are judged by the depth of immersion of the rod.
4.3.3.3. The presence of index road signs at the exit and the absence of pedestrian traffic are determined visually.
4.4. Safety devices
4.4.1. road barriers
4.4.1.1. Consumer characteristics of the construction of road barriers (level of holding capacity, dynamic deflection and working width) are determined in accordance with GOST R 52607.
4.4.1.2. Compliance with the consumer characteristics of the design of road barriers to the place of their installation is carried out by inspecting the road section at the place of installation of the barrier, assessing the degree of complexity of road conditions in accordance with GOST R 52289 and studying the technical documentation for the barrier.
4.4.1.3. Compliance of fence installation parameters (fence length, installation height, distance from the edge of the carriageway, distance from the fenced obstacle, distance from the edge of the subgrade) to the requirements of their installation projects and GOST R 52289 is determined by a measuring tape and a measuring tape according to GOST 7502.
4.4.1.4. The presence of all fencing elements provided for by GOST 26804, including retroreflectors, the presence of withdrawal or deepening of the initial sections of the fencing, the correct installation of the elements, as well as the interface of fencing on artificial structures and approaches to them, is determined by visual inspection.
4.4.1.5. Determination of the parameters of the restraining fences for pedestrians and restrictive fences for pedestrians and animals is carried out according to the technical documentation for these fences.
4.4.1.6. The color of the road barriers in the form of buffers, the presence of vertical markings and the presence of ballast in them are determined by direct inspection.
4.4.2. Acoustic screens
4.4.2.1. The geometric parameters of the screen and its placement on the road section are measured with a measuring tape and a measuring tape.
4.4.2.2. The efficiency of acoustic screens at their installation sites is determined by the method of experimental evaluation in accordance with GOST R 51943.
4.4.3. Anti-dazzle screens
4.4.3.1. The location of the initial and final sections of the screen relative to the boundaries of intersections and junctions in the same level, pedestrian crossings and vehicle turning points is determined by the equipment of a mobile road laboratory, a laser rangefinder, a total station or other geodetic device certified in the prescribed manner.
4.4.3.2. The position of the screen in relation to the roadway, the distance from the upper and lower edges of the protective element of the screen to the surface of the dividing strip is measured with a tape measure in accordance with GOST 7502.
4.4.3.3. The directional transmittance of the mesh screen is determined according to GOST 26302 (method A). The essence of the method is to determine the ratio of the current strength of the photodetector when a light flux that has passed through the test sample of the screen hits it, to the current strength when the light flux directly hits the photodetector. When measuring, use a light source according to (type A) with a color temperature T ts = (2850 ± 20) K and a photodetector with a photometric head corrected for the V(T) function according to GOST 8.332.
Tests should be carried out in a room that excludes the presence of extraneous light (in a completely darkened room). The sample must be clean, dry and kept within 24 h in the room where the test will be carried out.
Measurements are carried out on a prototype, which is one of the sections of the screen.
The sample is placed vertically between the light source and the photodetector. The axis of the screen sample is placed at an angle α to the axis of the incident light beam (Figure 1).
1 - screen sample; 2 - Light source ; 3- photometric photodetector head; N - normal to the surface of the sample; ρ - illumination angle equal to 72 °; a- additional lighting angle equal to 18 °; OS = OF
Picture 1 - Photometric directional transmittance measurement circuit for mesh screens(view from above )
Measurements are carried out at least at three points along the length of the sample at levels corresponding to 85% - 100%, 45% - 60%, 0% - 15% of the screen height.
In the process of measurements, the current strength of the photodetector is determined when the screen sample is illuminated at a given angle α .
Directional light transmittance t calculated according to the formula
The mesh screen sample is considered to have passed the test if the transmittance at the angle value α from 0° to 18° is no more than 0.10.
4.4.3.4. The transmittance of rack screens under the above test conditions should be equal to 0.
4.4.4. Snow protection devices
4.4.4.1. In snow-protective plantations, using a measuring tape or measuring tape according to GOST 7502, the distances between rows of trees and shrubs are measured, as well as the distances in a row between trees and shrubs.
The measured distances must comply with the standard values.
4.4.4.2. The geometrical parameters of snow-retaining and snow-transferring fences, the distance between rows and the road are measured using a measuring tape.
4.5. Means of organizing the movement of pedestrians and cyclists
4.5.1. Sidewalks and footpaths
4.5.1.1. When determining the parameters of sidewalks and footpaths, their presence is visually established along the length of the building locality and on approaches from bus stops and places of mass recreation, as well as the presence of a fence at a distance from the edge of the carriageway of less than 2.5 m.
4.5.1.2. The width of sidewalks and footpaths, the distance to the carriageway, the height of the shrub is measured with a measuring tape according to GOST 7502.
4.5.1.3. The calculation of the intensity of pedestrian traffic to determine the compliance of the width (number of lanes) of sidewalks and footpaths with the intensity of pedestrian traffic is carried out at rush hour by a visual method.
4.5.1.4. Sidewalk slopes are measured with a level according to GOST 10528.
4.5.2. Pedestrian crossings
4.5.2.1. The presence of pedestrian crossings and their arrangement road signs, markings, fencing and lighting are determined according to the traffic management project.
4.5.2.2. The width of pedestrian crossings is measured with a tape measure according to GOST 7502.
4.5.2.3. The visibility distance of cars on both sides of the transition is determined according to GOST R 52577.
4.5.3. bike lanes
4.5.3.1. The need for bicycle lanes is determined by measuring the intensity of traffic and cyclists during rush hour and checking whether the obtained values comply with regulatory requirements.
4.5.3.2. The geometric parameters of bicycle paths (width of the path, shoulders, dividing strip, distance to obstacles) are determined according to GOST R 52577.
The height of the curb is determined by a ruler according to GOST 427, the height dimension - by a tape measure according to GOST 7502.
4.5.3.4. The approximate value of the radius of horizontal circular curves can be determined by the following method.
Use a measuring tape to take measurements. measuring tape according to GOST 7502.
Two points are chosen on the inner edge of the bicycle path pavement, located at a distance S. Then, in the middle of the measured segment along the perpendicular to it, measure the segmenth(Figure 2). Radius R, m, calculated by the formula
Figure 2 - Scheme for determining the radius of a horizontal curve
To improve the accuracy of determining the radius of a horizontal curve, measurements are recommended to be made in two or three places on the curve. Radius R the horizontal curve is defined as the average value obtained from the results of individual measurements.
4.5.3.5. The presence of a hard surface on the path, fences and technical means of organizing traffic at the intersection of the bicycle path with the carriageway of the highway is determined visually.
4.6. Means of improving visibility conditions
4.6.1. Stationary electric lighting
4.6.1.1. The presence of stationary lighting on road sections where the lighting device is provided for by the current regulations, and the distance between individual illuminated objects is determined during road diagnostics.
4.6.1.2. Determination of horizontal illumination and uniformity of horizontal illumination of coatings - according to GOST 24940.
4.6.1.3 The installation parameters of the luminaire supports are determined with a measuring tape or measuring tape according to GOST 7502 by measuring the distance from the support to the edge of the subgrade or side stone.
When installing supports on the side of the road or the dividing strip, the presence of fences and the distance from the fences to the edge of the carriageway are determined.
If there are supports with a height of more than 15 m, the distance from the support to the edge of the carriageway and the presence of a fence, if this distance is less than 9 m, are measured.
4.6.2. Road mirrors
4.6.2.1. Testing of road mirrors is carried out at an air temperature of plus (25 ± 10) ° С, relative humidity 45% -80%, atmospheric pressure 84-107 kPa (630-800 mmHg).
4.6.2.2. The presence of defects on the reflector (scratches, dents, gaps in the reflective layer) is checked in accordance with GOST 17716 (clause 4.3) in a room with diffused natural or artificial lighting in reflected light.
To determine the presence of defects, the observer must be between the light source and the front surface of the reflector. The optical element should be located at a distance of 800-1000 mm from the observer's eyes.
The presence of defects is checked by tilting the optical element in different directions.
4.6.2.3. The correctness of the choice of the version of the mirror and the place of its installation is determined visually when natural light at the intersection of the main and secondary roads.
On the side of the main road opposite to the observer, at a distance of 1 m from the edge of the carriageway, a mirror is installed, the standard size of which corresponds to the category of the road. The center of the mirror reflector must be at a height of 2.7 m from the curb surface.
The mirror reflector must be turned towards the observed section of the road so that this section is visible to the observer.
The eye level of an observer in a car on a secondary road at the place where he must give way to a car moving on the main road should be at a height of 1.2 m from the pavement surface.
The test is considered successful if, with a binocular view, the observer from the place where he must give way, sees in the mirror the full width of the crossing carriageway at the distance from the mirror indicated in Table 1, and can determine the direction of movement passenger car, caught in the sector of view on the main road.
Table 1 - Minimum visibility distance of the full width of the carriageway
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Reflector standard size, m |
Reflector version |
Full visibility distance carriageway width parts, m |
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12,5 |
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19,5 |
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14,0 |
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22,0 |
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After testing on the reflector, the appearance of corrosion centers, the total area of which exceeds 2% of the reflector area, is not allowed. 4.6.2.6. Ensuring protection of the reflector from water ingress by the body of the mirror - according to GOST R 52290. 4.6.2.7. Protective strength paintwork mirror elements - according to GOST 15140 (method 2). 4.6.2.8. Resistance to climatic factors - according to GOST 9.401. 5 Methods for determining the parameters of buildings and traffic service structures5.1. Road user service facilities 5.1.1. Buildings and facilities for recreation and food for road users 5.1.1.1. The distances between the facilities for rest and food for road users are determined by the results of diagnostics of roads. 5.1.1.2. Compliance of the capacity of buildings and structures for recreation and food for road users with the requirements of GOST R 52766 is determined by the results of traffic accounting and comparison of the required and actual capacity. 5.1.2. Recreation areas 5.1.2.1. Distances between recreation sites and their capacity are determined by the results of road diagnostics. 5.1.2.2. The presence of zoning and equipment of recreation areas is determined by their direct inspection in the process of diagnosing roads. 5.1.3. Stopover and short-term parking areas 5.1.3.1. The presence of sites for stopping and short-term parking of vehicles at traffic service facilities and their actual capacity is determined by the results of diagnostics of highways. 5.1.3.2. Compliance of the actual capacity of the sites with the requirements of GOST R 52766 is determined by the results of the inspection of structures and their technical documentation. 5.1.4. Items medical care In the process of road diagnostics, the availability of information on the location of medical care centers and its compliance with the list of medical institutions providing assistance to victims of road accidents, agreed with the regional authorities of medical institutions, is recorded on the road. 5.1.5. Communication facilities 5.1.5.1. In the process of road diagnostics, the presence on the roads of information on the location of communication points (post, telephone, telegraph) and the correspondence of the information to the actual location of communication facilities, as well as the presence of signs on the road section on which the radio communication system with emergency services operates. 5.1.5.2. The distances between the call columns in the presence of a signal-call connection on the road are determined using a mobile road laboratory. 5.1.5.3. The placement of call columns in the transverse profile of the road is measured with a measuring tape according to GOST 7502. 5.1.5.4. The operability of the emergency call system is determined by the alarm on the control panel in the dispatch center (point) for controlling the system or by monitoring communication with the operator using a call column on the road. 5.2. Facilities for Maintenance Vehicle 5.2.1. Refueling stations 5.2.1.1. The distances between refueling stations and their capacity are determined during the diagnostics of highways. 5.2.1.2. Measurement of distances from refueling stations to the edge of the carriageway, borders land plots children's preschool institutions of general education schools, boarding schools, medical institutions with a hospital or up to the walls of residential or public buildings and structures, as well as from landing sites, turning and settling-turning areas of ground passenger transport, pedestrian crossings are determined by a measuring tape. 5.2.2. Car service stations 5.2.1.1. The distances between car service stations and their capacity are determined when diagnosing roads. 5.2.1.2 The measurement of distances from car service stations to the windows of residential buildings and public buildings, as well as to the boundaries of the land plots of schools, kindergartens and hospitals of a stationary type, is determined with a measuring tape. 5.2.3. Washing stations The distance of separate washing points from residential buildings, public buildings and structures, boarding schools, medical institutions with a hospital is determined by a measuring tape. 5.3. Stops of public passenger transport 5.3.1. The location and distances between stopping points of public passenger transport are determined using a mobile road laboratory when diagnosing roads. 5.3.2. Availability necessary funds stopping point equipment is determined by visual inspection. 5.3.3. Geometric parameters of transitional speed and dividing lanes, pockets, stopping and landing areas - according to GOST R 52577. 5.3.4. The presence and location of the necessary means of organizing traffic (signs, markings, traffic lights) and pedestrian barriers are determined by comparing the means available in the stopping area with those provided for by the project for organizing traffic and GOST R 52289. 5.4. Traffic control facilities 5.4.1. Stationary posts of the road patrol service 5.4.1.1. The presence of areas for stopping and parking cars, the parameters of transitional speed lanes are determined during the diagnostics of highways. 5.4.1.2. The illumination of the area for stopping cars and transitional speed lanes is measured in accordance with GOST 24940. 5.4.2. Stationary points of weight and dimensional control 5.4.2.1. Availability of equipment for weight and dimensional control points (premises for accommodation of personnel and special technical equipment, sites for parking and measurements, technical means measurements, storage and analysis of data) are checked during the diagnostics of roads 5.4.2.2. Compliance with the parameters of the transitional speed lanes of the road category is determined according to GOST R 52577. 5.4.2.3. Measurement of the illumination of the coating of the transitional speed lanes and the territory of the weight and dimensional control point is carried out in accordance with GOST 24940. 5.5. Monitoring compliance with the requirements for ensuring traffic safety in the locations of buildings and traffic service structures 5.5.1. The parameters of the geometric elements of the road section at the location of the traffic service facility are determined according to GOST R 52577. 5.5.2. The value of the radii of curvature at the exits is determined in accordance with. 5.5.3. The steepness of slopes on embankments within the transitional speed lanes is determined by geodetic instruments. 5.5.4. Lateral visibility at exits to service facilities is determined according to the methodology adopted for intersections and junctions of highways at the same level in accordance with GOST R 52577. Lateral visibility should provide visibility from the main road of a car waiting on a secondary road to safely enter the main road. At the same time, the waiting car is located 1.5 m from the edge of the carriageway; on the main road, the car moves 1.5 m from the edge of the carriageway; The driver's eye level is located at a height of 1.2 m (Figure 3).
Figure 3 - Scheme for determining lateral visibility The visibility distance measurement is carried out using a road laboratory moving in the direction of the exit to the object with a permitted speed, and a car parked at the exit in accordance with Figure 3. The visibility of the car is considered to be ensured if, when driving through the road laboratory on the main road, its driver sees the waiting car on the secondary road from a distance L hl the value of which is not less than the normative. The visibility distance of the road surface is checked by two observers standing at distancesl ch and l Tue (standard values of the visibility distance of the surface of the main and secondary roads) from the intersection (adjacency) in accordance with Figure 3. If an observer from a height of 1.2 m sees the road surface at the location of the second observer, it is considered that the condition for ensuring the visibility of the road is met. 5.5.5. Checking the zoning of the territory of the object, the organization of traffic and pedestrians, the presence of a layout of objects and passages to them in service complexes, the presence of lighting of transitional speed lanes and the territory of objects, information about the location of the telephone, first aid equipment is carried out by inspecting the object and its territory. Keythe words: arrangement of roads , elements of arrangement , basic parameters , methods for determining parameters |
