Maple- L. (fam. Maple)

Globular maple is a grafted decorative form of Norway maple. It has characteristic, carved five-lobed leaves of rich green color. In autumn, the foliage turns yellow, orange, red. It remains on the branches for a long time, does not fall off even after the first frost.

The tree is very decorative. On a relatively thin, slender, straight trunk - a highly located spherical crown. Her correct form persists even without regular haircuts. However, the plant tolerates well. The average height of an adult tree is 3-5 m, the growth rate is high.

Features of Planting Globular Maple:

• photophilous tree, prefers fertile, well-moistened soils;
• form is obtained as a result of vaccination. It can be performed on stems different heights, which makes it possible to form beautiful bands;
• tolerates transplanting well, can be used in landscaping urban or suburban areas;
• tolerates winter well, does not require shelter or other frost protection;
• does not require crowning - the correct shape of the crown is preserved without it;
• good honey plant, during flowering in early spring attracts pollinating insects to the site.

Greentek uses maple for single or group landings, for the formation of alleys.

Globular maple (platanoides "Globosum")

With a small crown, very slow growing, up to 7 (-10) m high and 5 (W) m wide, resistant to pollution environment tree for planting in alleys; without pruning, it forms an even, very dense spherical crown, which in adult trees takes on a flatter shape. The leaves are opposite, red-brown during blooming, later bright light green, up to 20 cm wide, with five to seven lobes, serrated, with milky juice; wintering buds are red or red-violet.

Size: Globular maple (platanoides "Globosum")

Height up to 5 m, depending on the height of the inoculation, width 3-5 m

Description: Globular maple (platanoides "Globosum")

Small tree with dense spherical crown, gradually becomes wider, in the form of a disk, propagated by grafting on the main species, the height depends very much on the height of the graft

Flowers/Fruits: Globular maple (platanoides "Globosum")

Flowers yellowish-green, in corymbose inflorescences. The fruits of the lionfish are unattractive

Leaves: Globular maple (platanoides "Globosum")

Five-lobed, appear at the end of April, orange-red when blooming, golden yellow in summer in the sun, light green in the shade and in the lower part of the crown, yellow in autumn

Root System: Globular maple (platanoides "Globosum")

Shallow, highly branched, sensitive to soil compaction

Light requirements:
Sun, Penumbra

Winter hardiness:
Zone 4

Growing conditions:
Shade-tolerant, rather demanding on soil fertility, poor, sandy, and acidic substrates are not suitable. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture and salinity. Well maintains city conditions, it is wind-resistant. It is not recommended to prune in the fall.

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Maple is a very popular tree. It can be found everywhere: in city parks and squares, in forests, on summer cottages. It attracts attention due to the beautiful openwork foliage and crown, unusual fruits. It is especially beautiful in autumn, when its leaves are painted in bright colors. autumn colors: yellow, orange, crimson. One of its interesting and common varieties is Norway maple, the care of which will be discussed in this article.

Did you know? Norway maple is also called sycamore, sycamore, because its leaves have an outward resemblance to sycamore leaves.

Norway maple: biological features

Norway maple or common maple- This is a deciduous tree that is widespread throughout Europe and Asia, in deciduous and mixed forests, singly or in groups. Often found next to ash trees, oaks, birches, chestnuts. It got its name because of the pointed ends of the leaves.

Did you know? Norway maple is called Acer platanoides in Latin. Acer in translation means sharp, strong.

The crown of this variety of maple is dense, spherical, wide spreading. It measures 15-20 m in diameter. The branches are strong, wide, and grow upwards. The trunk is slender, powerful. Norway maple grows quite large - its height can reach 30 m. On average, a tree trunk reaches 12-28 m.

The bark of young plants is gray-brown, darkens with time and becomes covered with cracks.

The leaves are simple, palm-shaped, with five to seven serrated lobes. They have large sizes - up to 18 cm in length and up to 22 cm in width. Top part the leaf plate is rich green, the lower one is lighter. AT autumn period leaves are painted in yellow, orange, golden color.

Maple flowering occurs in April-first half of May before or after the appearance of leaves. The flowers are yellow-green, collected in corymbose inflorescences of 15-30 pieces. Have pleasant aroma. Norway maple is a dioecious plant. When the maple blossoms, then male and female flowers disclosed on different trees. Pollination occurs with the help of insects.
The fruit is a two-winged fruit. Its structure allows during the wind to carry the seeds to fairly large distances from the tree. Fruiting occurs in September-October every year starting from the 17th year of life.

The root system of Norway maple is superficial, deepened into the soil by 20 cm. Lateral roots grow strongly. Very often they appear on the surface of the soil. The life expectancy of a tree is 150 years. Although there is information about 200-300-year-old representatives of the species.

Norway maple propagates by seeds, root shoots, and grafting. Seeds require stratification. AT wild nature gives a lot of self-seeding and abundant shoots from the stump.

AT young age maple grows quite quickly - with an annual growth of 45-60 cm in height and 30-40 cm in width. By the age of seven, it reaches 2 m and above. Up actively grows up to 25-30 years, then the rate of growth in height slows down, and the tree begins to grow in breadth. After 50 years, growth slows down or stops altogether.

It is necessary to add to the characteristics of Norway maple that it is a good honey plant, frost-resistant and able to tolerate winter temperatures up to -40 degrees, wind-resistant, easily tolerates heat and drought, can be used as a soil-improving breed, it is not afraid of planting in cities, in polluted air.

Did you know? Maple honey yield is 150-200 kg per 1 ha. Bees collect up to 10 kg from one tree.

Norway maple has about 150 varieties, including many decorative forms, which differ in size, shape and color of leaves, type of crown, growth rate. The most popular in landscape gardening culture are such forms as the "Purple King", the form of Drummond, Schwedler, spherical, standard, palm-notched and others.

Choosing a place for Norway maple: soil and lighting requirements

When choosing a place to plant Norway maple, one should take into account its relationship to light, and since it is photophilous, choose well-lit areas. Although the tree can also tolerate planting in partial shade.

Important! Norway maple should not be planted in heavily shaded areas. The shadow will affect the decorativeness of the leaves - they will become faded and small. With age, the shade tolerance of a tree decreases.

Demanding maple and the composition of the soil. Likes fertile loamy soils. Feels good in humus fresh sandy loam. Will not grow in saline, sandy, calcareous, dense soils. Does not tolerate stagnant water.

The process of planting young maple seedlings

best time for planting a maple seedling will be early spring, when the buds have not yet blossomed. Also, a tree can be planted in the autumn, after leaf fall. The soil mixture for planting must be prepared from a fertile mixture. It must be fertilized with organic matter. For heavy soils, drainage from sand or gravel is mandatory. It is better to buy a seedling with a closed root system, with a large clod of earth that is not destroyed during planting. Such trees will take root better in a new place and will quickly grow.

Depth landing pit should be at least 50 cm. The seedling is placed in its center, the roots are carefully straightened and sprinkled with soil. Then lightly tamp.

After planting, the tree should be watered abundantly and this procedure should be continued regularly for two months. If you plan to plant a group of maples, it is recommended to leave a distance of 2-4 meters between the trees.

For Norway maple, planting and care will not require special knowledge, skills and efforts. Young trees are often and plentifully watered. After two years of age, maples will be able to cope with short droughts on their own. AT summer period watering should be done once a week, in dry times you will need 1.5-2 buckets per plant. In the autumn-spring period, water once a month.

Despite the fact that maple is very hardy plant, young Norway maple trees will require shelter in winter. With the help of spruce branches or dry leaves cover the root neck. Shoots that do not have time to become covered with wood before the winter period may freeze. However, this is not dangerous for maple - because thanks to the rapid growth rate, it will be able to grow new ones, and freezing will not affect appearance tree. Every year the frost resistance of the plant will be strengthened.

Maple can be transplanted up to 15 years. He tolerates the transplant process easily.

Caring for Mature Maple Trees

Mature plants will only need sanitary pruning of Norway maple. It is produced in early March. Cut off dead, damaged branches. At the same time, it is possible to make a shaping haircut of the crown.

Maple reacts well to a haircut - it quickly begins to branch and grow. It is also possible to produce shallow loosening of the earth in trunk circle after watering and rainfall.

Diseases and pests of Norway maple

At favorable conditions planting and growing, in the absence of moisture stagnation, Norway maple is rarely affected by diseases and pests. However, it still happens.

The greatest danger to the tree is coral spotting, which is manifested by small burgundy spots on the bark and shoots. If such symptoms are detected, diseased branches should be cut off immediately. Disinfect the pruning sites and cover with garden pitch. Also subject to disinfection garden tools, which was used for cropping.
Maple infects the fungus Taphrina acerina, causing watery brown spots on the leaves.

Of the maple pests, the maple whitefly can disturb. Its caterpillars feed on the leaves of the plant. To fight it, it is necessary to destroy the affected branches. In case of severe damage, they resort to spraying with ammophos.

To avoid maple attack mealybug, before budding, the maple must be sprayed with a 3% solution of nitrafen. Also his malicious activity on maple, leaf weevil can carry out. During his attacks, treatment with chlorophos is used.

The use of Norway maple in landscape design

Since the Norway maple is decorative throughout its entire vegetative period, tolerates urban conditions and forming crown cutting, it is used quite widely and diversely in landscape design. This is one of the most common species used for landscape gardening - it is always present in city parks, squares, boulevards, alleys, along roads. It is planted as a tapeworm and in group plantings. It looks great against the backdrop of conifers. Maples are used to make hedges and are used in Alpine rollercoaster, rockeries. They are grown on a trunk, cut in the bonsai style.

The use of Norway maple in folk medicine

Folk remedies prepared on the basis of Norway maple have such properties.

I.A. Bondorina, candidate of biological sciences, head. Department of ornamental plants GBS named after N.V. Tsinina RAS.

For the garden designer, Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides L.) is just a godsend. The trunk is straight, which is especially important when creating alleys. The crown is neat, dense, as if specially born for sunny areas.

Norway maple grows quickly, in the sun and in partial shade, under favorable conditions it can reach a height of 15 - 20 m. It tolerates pruning (including shaping) well, the main thing is to do it before the start of sap flow (approximately in early March).

Caring for maple is easy. You can transplant it even up to the age of fifteen, the plant tolerates this procedure very easily. It is generally undemanding to the soil, but does not tolerate its compaction and stagnant moisture. Almost undamaged by diseases and pests, although some varieties are affected powdery mildew. In addition, maple tolerates urban conditions (smoke, gas and dust, some soil salinization), it is frost and heat resistant.

It is hard to imagine, but there are about a hundred varieties of maple, and on our market there are at most 10 - 12.

Maples with purple foliage - out of competition when buying, but they have their own characteristics. You buy a meter-long seedling with bright purple foliage, and after a few years it turns into a 10-15-meter hulk. At the same time, the color of the leaves of most adult purple-leaved maples is dark, sometimes almost brown. Only young leaves look festively red, and old ones look almost black. A grove or avenue of purple-leaved maples is not a sight for the faint of heart. But at competent landing in compositions, large space- they will look beautiful. In the shade and with long cloudy weather, the leaves may turn green. However, two well-known Norway maples - ‘Reitenbach’ (‘Reitenbachii’), ‘Nigrum’ (‘Nigrum’) and ‘Schwedler’ (‘Schwedlerii’, 1869), are interesting precisely because during summer season change their color. Maple ‘Schwedler’ from bright red spring and purple at the beginning of summer, by its end turns into green-brown, and ‘Reitenbach’ maple, on the contrary, only in the second half of summer begins to turn crimson. From seedlings of ‘Schwedler’ varieties, varieties are obtained that are stably colored in dark red throughout the season. It's such famous variety, as ‘Crimson King’ (‘Crimson King’, second name ‘Schwedlerii nigrum’, 1937) - large tree, turns green in the shade. It looks like ‘Fassens Black’ (‘Faassen’s Black’, 1969), a natural hybrid of ‘Schwedler’ (‘Schwedlerii’) and ‘Reitenbach’. It also has shiny purple, sometimes almost black leaves and a dense pyramidal crown up to 15 m tall. Variety ‘Royal Crimson’ (‘Royal Crimson’, 1967) is already selected from seedlings ‘Crimson King’, it retains color better in the middle and late summer. Varieties such as ‘Royal Red’ (‘Royal Red’, 1964) are also distinguished by the red color of the leaves - this tree has a medium size (10 - 12 m) beautiful shape crowns and light red leaves, and the variety ‘Goldsworth Purple’ (‘Goldsworth Purple’, 1947) purple leaves all season, with young leaves light red-brown, wrinkled. Very interesting variety ‘Crimson Sentry’ (‘Crimson Sentry, 1974) is a variety from ‘Crimson King’, which has gained great popularity among lovers of red-leaved forms. The tree is small (up to 8 m), with a beautiful columnar crown and small red-purple leaves. In certain lighting, the leaves are a beautiful crimson color, densely and very elegantly sitting on the branches.


The cultivar ‘Meyering’ (‘Meyering’, 1969) has light brown foliage in spring but then turns green, turning purplish-brown in late summer and turning orange-red and red-brown in autumn. ‘Fairview’ has blood-red leaves in spring, red-veined green in summer, and orange-red in autumn.

Speaking about the color of the leaves, it is impossible not to mention the variety that appeared recently - `Princeton Gold` `Prinsceton Gold`, `Pringo` `Pringo`. The tree is small (up to 10 - 12 m). This is the first of the Norway maples with bright yellow foliage that retains its hue throughout the summer.Like many golden and purple-leaved forms, it turns green in the shade, but in the bright sun it is a leader, not only outshines the entire environment, but even glows at night or in cloudy weather.

Variegated maples are rare on the market, with the exception of ‘Drummond’ (‘Drummondii’, 1903). This maple is widely known for its amazingly light appearance, which is given to it by soft green leaves, bordered by a white uneven stripe. It is smaller in size than an ordinary maple (10 -12 m), leaves when blooming have pink shade. Even in the shade, it illuminates and expands the space, making it airy and light. There are two forms of this maple - with a white stripe along the edge and with a yellow one. There are other variegated forms, for example, `Maculatum-Album` `Maculatum-Album`, 1900 - the foliage of plants of this variety in white dots, and `Heterophyllum Aureo-variegatum` `Heterophyllum Aureo-variegatum`, which is similar to 'Drummond', but smaller leaf plate, irregular shape, and along the edge of the sheet there is an uneven yellow border. In the same company ‘Kvadrikolor’ (‘Quadricolor, 1885) and ‘Piktum’ (‘Pictum’, 1892) - with pink and white spots on the leaves. They are almost non-existent for sale. The variety ‘Waldersee’ (‘Walderseei’, 1904) has small white dots on the leaf next to the veins, forming a peculiar pattern.

The shape of the leaf blade of the Norway maple was not left without attention. The more torn the leaf, the more openwork it is, and the tree itself is more elegant. Just think, a wonderful variety of Norway maple 'Palmatifidum' ('Palmatifidum', 'Lorberga' ('Lorbergii') was obtained in 1829, and is still rare in our gardens. Its leaves are dissected to the base into 3 - 5 lobes, the crown is compact, almost spherical, especially if it is grafted onto a stem.It looks exotic, but at the same time it is unpretentious and resistant to adverse conditions.In autumn, its leaves are painted in yellow. Other varieties with carved leaves are even rarer. They differ varying degrees cut leaves. In ‘Acuminatum’ (‘Acuminatum’, 1893) - the leaf is cut into narrowly pointed lobes, in ‘Charles Joly’ (‘Charles Joly’, 1985) the leaves are dissected, especially spectacular at the beginning of the season - they magenta color, then they turn green. ‘Dissectum’ (‘Dissectum’, 1834) differs in strongly cut (stronger than ‘Palmatifidum’) dark green leaves, grows slowly. In ‘Laciniatum’ (‘Laciniatum’, 1683), the tips of the cut leaves are bent inward.

Unusual for the species leaves of the variety ‘Kukullatum’ (‘Cucullatum’, 1866). Their shape resembles a fan - leaf blade serrated along the edge while somewhat crumpled. Turns red or yellow in autumn. In ‘Crispum’ (‘Crispum’, 1781), the edge of the leaf is bent, and ‘Stoll’ (‘Stollii’ or ‘Oekonomierat Stoll’, 1888) is distinguished by small three-lobed leaves, which are compared with ivy leaves.

When blooming, they are red, then turn green. By the way, this variety originated from ‘Schwedler’. Variety ‘Dilaceratum’ (‘Dilaceratum’, 1885) looks completely unusual, the leaves are twisted, irregularly shaped with a thin yellow stripe along the edge of the leaf.

The shape of the crown of the tree is important. Symmetrical, neat plants are always in the price. Maple has something to boast about here, it is not for nothing that it is called the tree of the streets. Columnar and oval shapes are especially valued.

The variety ‘Globozum’ (‘Globosum’ or ‘Compactum’ (‘Compactum’), 1873) has a beautiful spherical crown. Most often it is grafted onto a trunk of different heights. On the trunk, the crown of this maple looks like an even ball; with age, the diameter of this ball can reach 6 m, and the shape becomes oval, flattened. The crown of this tree is so dense that it casts a dull shadow.

Breeders have worked with this form, and now the new items are on sale - ‘Golden Globe’ (‘ Golden Globe', 1995, sport from 'Globozum') and 'Rubra Globosa' ('Rubra Globosa'). These are maples with spherical shape crown and golden (‘Golden Globe’) or purple (‘Rubra Globoza’) leaf color. These are also grafted plants. The golden form can "burn" in hot, dry weather. But timely watering and fertilizing will fix this.

Information about weeping form Norway maple can only be found in specialized literature, but still - ‘Pendulum’ (‘Pendulum, 1960) with hanging branches exists, so it remains only to wait for its appearance on the market.

Dwarfism of some varieties is their highlight. For example, ‘Almira’ (‘Almira’, 1951) - bonsai up to 6 - 7 m tall with a dense crown, or ‘Natorp’ (‘Natorp’, 1958) - a small plant, slowly growing (small-leaved sport from ‘Schwedler’); and finally, ‘Pyramidale Nanum’ (‘Pyramidale Nanum’, ‘Pygmaeum’, 1893) is a compact, dwarf, slow-growing tree with a pyramidal crown.

We have in botanical garden grow for a long time (more than 50 years) such varieties as 'Reitenbach', 'Schwedler', 'Crimson King', 'Drummond', 'Palmatifidum', 'Globozum'). On sale you can meet 'Fussence Black', 'Royal Red', 'Crimson Sentry', 'Myering', 'Fairview', 'Princeton Gold', 'Stolla', 'Deborah', 'Cleveland', 'Columnare', 'Emerald' Queen', 'Olmsted', 'Golden Globe', 'Rubra Globoza'.

While I have not met in the market 'Royal Crimson', 'Goldsworth Purple', 'Maculatum-Album', 'Heterophyllum Aureovariegatum', 'Quadricolor', 'Piktum', 'Acuminatum', 'Dissektum', 'Laciniatum', 'Kukullatum' , 'Crispum', 'Dilaceratum', 'Waldersee', 'Erectum', 'Pendulum', 'Almira', 'Natorp', 'Pyramidale Nanum'. But I think when they appear, they will definitely occupy their niche.

So the choice of maples is yours. And the fact that this tree is wonderful, I think, there is no doubt.