Requirements for the premises when designing an individual heating point. Design of heating points Exit from the ITP to the outside SNP

Heating and water supply of infrastructure, residential and industrial facilities is provided complex system engineering communications. It consists of generating enterprises, central and individual heating points (CHP and ITP), as well as consumers. ITP ventilation provides standard parameters for temperature and air exchange rate. This is especially important when an individual heating point is located in a serviced building, and not a separate building.

ITP - a room isolated from the main areas of the object in question. It contains connecting elements of thermal power plants, which assemble the "boiler-consumer" system into one whole. Also, control elements for operating modes and nodes for distributing the heat carrier to consumers. An individual point is designed to service one building or part of it. More often located in the basement of the house, less often as an extension.

The composition of the standard heating point:

  1. Hot water and cold water system. Provides hot/cold water supply to the consumer.
  2. Heating. Provides standard temperature parameters.
  3. Ventilation. cold heating system supply air. including recycling.

Typical scheme ITP work depends on technical parameters consumer and producer. The most common is a separate DHW system, an independent heating and ventilation system.

Each element connecting system power plants emit a certain amount of heat. It must be removed in order not to go beyond the maximum permissible values ​​for this type of premises and to ensure an acceptable air exchange rate.

Ventilation

The calculation of air exchange in individual heat points is carried out in accordance with the regulatory data and requirements specified in: SP 41-101-95 "Design of heat points"; SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" and GOST 30494-96 "Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters.

Initial data

The design of ITP air exchange systems begins with an analysis provided by the customer or from an additional calculation.

  • Thermal emissions from equipment. This is the most important parameter, since the power, type and performance of the ventilation system depends on it. Most often, heat dissipation data is provided by equipment manufacturers. You can also perform additional calculations.
  • Type of fuel. It is relevant when the power supply is not carried out from the central heating system.
  • Geometric characteristics of the room.
  • climate zone.

Norms and rules

Individual heating points can be part of the building or located separately. In both cases, ventilation is calculated the same way. The supply and exhaust system with natural impulse is mainly used.

Heating points with a capacity of less than 0.7 MW can be designed without a natural supply and exhaust ventilation system. This rule applies to free-standing or built-in premises equipped with mesh or steel wire fencing.


The ventilation power is determined by the maximum total heat release from the equipment. The air exchange rate is taken equal to 1-3 times per hour, it depends on the area, the height of the ceilings.

It is important to choose the right design temperature air: winter for working area it is + 28 ° С; in summer - no higher than 5 ° C from the outside air.

When the IHS is part of a building, then the heat flows from the considered room to the adjacent ones are checked. If the air temperature in adjacent rooms rises, then measures are taken to additionally insulate the separating partitions. Standard way thermal insulation consists in pasting the walls with foam plastic, followed by plastering.

Often, designers resort to such tricks: if there is a general house mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation, then changes are made to the project by making a tie-in existing system forced ventilation in ITP. This improves the quality of ventilation.

Summing up

Design flaws and errors can cause rapid wear of system components and the development of corrosion. For example, two residential buildings are considered, with the same schemes of individual heating points. In the first, hot water is prepared, in the second - no. ITP without hot water preparation can function normally without ventilation. If you do not design ventilation for the first option, then constant condensate and high humidity quickly destroy the equipment.

It is desirable to equip heat supply points with a simple supply and exhaust ventilation with a natural impulse, this will extend the life of building envelopes and equipment.


The Mega.ru company provides services for the calculation, selection and control over the implementation of ventilation systems. Highly qualified specialists are ready to answer all questions. Our phone numbers are listed on the page. We work in Moscow and neighboring regions, we have a positive experience of remote cooperation.

During any construction of a residential or industrial, private or public building, it is necessary to install a heat point that will automatically regulate the supply of hot water, heat, as well as the outflow of air in the premises. In the article we will tell you how to design an individual heating point (ITP), and how it differs from a central or block one.

TP design functions during construction

The master plan of the chief engineer contains data on the location of the heating network. This is a large package of papers containing both graphic schemes, and project documentation, which will have to be approved by an energy-saving company in order to connect to power. Therefore, a prerequisite is the safety of the structure, as well as its ability to fully provide heat to the object.

Tasks of the heat station:

  • Correct distribution of heat throughout the system, taking into account the necessary needs of a particular room. Under individual requirements, the design of the heating point will contain indications for an increased number of heating elements in a particular room.
  • Control over the work of the TP, possible mistakes. This guarantees the economy of resource use and safety in case of possible emergencies. The sensors are set to the slightest change in the level of heat transfer.
  • Accounting for energy consumption. Accurate data that is calculated automatically, will be summarized in tables during the operation of the facility to analyze the efficiency of the heating unit. During its design, engineers make predictions that allow you to determine in advance the most profitable type of installation.
  • Adjustment of fluid circulation in the system. Hot water should go evenly, this is also taken into account when drawing up a plan in order to select the correct structural elements. TP shows any failure in the volume or location of the filling of the pipes.
  • Distribution of heat by sources of consumption. Depending on the planned heat transfer points, an individual scheme will be developed taking into account all connections.

Design guide for different types of substations

The engineer, together with the customer, determines the feasibility of mounting one of the types of installations. In doing so, several factors must be taken into account:

  • building volume;
  • economy;
  • security;
  • autonomy;
  • the timing and cost of the work.

In accordance with this, you must select the type of installation:

  • Individual - ITP;
  • Central - TsTP;
  • Block, or modular, - BTP.

First you need to design a branched heat supply to several carriers or even buildings from one center of an energy saving company. Such a heat point is responsible for the distribution of energy to a number of objects without loss of resource. Therefore, when designing, it is important to take into account the state of the central heating substation, if it is already installed in the building. If this is a new facility, then a connectivity plan will need to be developed. It can be of two types:

  • Thread from already operating system. Then you need to calculate maximum power operating equipment, whether it is able to provide new space the right amount heat, as well as provide a developed safety plan to an energy saving company so as not to disrupt the power of other nearby sites.
  • Carrying out a new line. Typically, this decision is made for large buildings, which will contain a number of energy-intensive premises - a large shopping center, factory with various workshops. The design will depend on the initial amount of space, as well as on their heating needs.

After the development of the central heating station for individual enterprises that are under construction, it is necessary to carry out an individual heating point. These can be shops, cafes, parking and any fairly large, but autonomous objects. The peculiarity of such projects is that the configuration of the premises is taken into account and required level heat. For parking, for example, it can be much lower than for other points.

During the construction of buildings for one production, the installation can be single. For example, for apartment building or other housing estate.

BTPs are rarely used, mainly in small spaces. Their advantage is small size and economy. But the power is also below average.

Pre-project preparation

At the stage of preparation for the design of heat points (using the example of ITP), the rules, requirements and norms for construction prescribed in the relevant SNiP 2.04.07-86 * are taken into account. Here are described technical advice on the design of the system, in particular - the choice of the amount of specific power.

There are two types of individual heat points:

  • Small - up to 50 kW.
  • Large - up to 2 MW.

The first is suitable for small heat transfer points - residential buildings for one owner or a store. The second is used to provide energy to multi-apartment buildings, business centers and industrial enterprises.

The pre-project preparation also includes:

  • analysis of the structure of the building;
  • possible batteries;
  • connection to water, heat and power supply systems;
  • data on operating conditions and possible emergency situations;
  • list of equipment used with the calculation of the amount of energy consumption for each.

Then comes milestone– submission of an application for connection of the building to the central heating station of an energy saving company. The organization issues a contract for connection and technical conditions (TS). If they are not met, then the connection will not take place until the inaccuracies are corrected, therefore it is extremely important to hire specialists with experience and accurate computer technology. It depends on how quickly the project will be agreed upon, and when it will be possible to make the connection.

After that, you can negotiate with the development company to start designing.

Development of project documentation - the composition of the project

The package of documents includes:

  • Thermal calculation. This is the main analytical part, which contains all the data on the amount of energy consumption and heat loss. It is from this figure that the installation specialists will start, offering options for the installation power.
  • Title page. Correct forms fillings are contained in the set of rules for the design of heat points 41-101-95. Constantly updated design regulations can also be found in specialized software from ZVSOFT - the programs are constantly updated to offer new requirements approved by the standards of the inspection bodies.
  • Explanatory note. It contains:
    • data on the objectives and goals of the project;
    • all initial values;
    • summary of heat losses;
    • list of energy-consuming installations;
    • installation equipment;
    • terms of Use;
    • safety regulations.
  • Master plan with floor drawings indicating the points of connection of devices. Here is the trace of all engineering networks associated with water, heat and energy intensity. All intersections of communication lines are marked on the diagram to eliminate possible heat losses and prevent emergencies. Near each element, the diameters of pipes, wires and their sections, length should be indicated.

  • Axonometric (parallel) projections of systems for clarity and detailed design instructions.
  • Detailed diagrams for individual nodes of the heat point - drawings for connecting objects, installation features of the collector, complex line decoupling.
  • Recommendations for the installation of ITP and its individual parts.
  • Separate specifications for a number of works - according to the materials and equipment used.
  • Evidence of the organization of competence in the field of design and construction of engineering systems.

All these types of work must comply with the task issued by the energy-saving company - TU.

Composition and compliance with specifications

All requirements comply with the legislative document that controls the construction and installation work according to ITP - SP 41-101-95 "Design of individual heating points". The specifications state:

  • Connection point to the central heating source.
  • Schemes of entry into the equipment system and the maximum hourly load on the batteries - heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems, water supply.
  • Calculation of heat costs for each section.
  • Average allowable values ​​of temperature and pressure in devices, taking into account overloads.
  • Return heat treatment data.
  • The presence of secondary, autonomous heat energy generators and their percentage of work, recommendations for use.
  • Conditions for the installation of heat pipes and their insulation.
  • Organization of control points: automated and manual checks.
  • Availability of an emergency protection system.

When these specifications are met and the project is developed, the final stage begins - coordination project documentation, after which you can install the equipment and connect.

Software for drawings and accompanying documentation ITP


ZVSOFT offers innovative computer-aided design systems. ZWCAD programs have basic wide opportunities, and add-ons to them are designed for specialized work with engineering systems. ZWSOFT offers a similar product from Autodesk, but with a more flexible licensing system and reasonable price. All software is translated into Russian and adapted for the Russian-speaking user. Software packages from the developer:

2018 Professional - CAD with a wide range of features. It contains a large number of standard elements that are in the library. It can also be replenished individually to facilitate the work of engineers. In this environment, you can work with both drawings and text formats, especially since the program has high level integration with files of most permissions. This facilitates all the processes of approvals and amendments. You can design in both 2D and 3D. The resulting project can be shown in the smallest details using the 3D visualization function.

The following modules can be installed on CAD:

  • - an environment for engineering networks, their intersections, features. Facilitated tracing and a large number of template sketches. There is the possibility of an isolated callout drawing for complex nodes.
  • – Facilitates designing to specified standards. The standards of the inspection bodies are updated, and at the same time, new layouts in the program.
  • - with its help, you can plan the placement of the TP, depending on the objects located nearby. The analytical capabilities of the add-on allow you to calculate the optimal location of the structure.

- software aimed at 3D visualization and complex objects that require three-dimensional construction. With its help, you can quickly and conveniently create ITP equipment in accordance with the drawings of manufacturers, as well as develop a 3D diagram of their connection by drawing up drawings in ZWCAD using modules.

Only install substations using the correct software.

An individual heating point is designed to save heat, regulate supply parameters. This complex is located in separate room. Can be used in private or apartment building. ITP (individual heating point), what it is, how it is arranged and functions, we will consider in more detail.

ITP: tasks, functions, purpose

By definition, ITP is a heat point that heats buildings in whole or in part. The complex receives energy from the network (central heating substation, central heating unit or boiler house) and distributes it to consumers:

  • GVS (hot water supply);
  • heating;
  • ventilation.

At the same time, there is the possibility of regulation, since the heating mode in the living room, basement, warehouse is different. The ITP has the following main tasks.

  • Accounting for heat consumption.
  • Protection from accidents, monitoring of parameters for safety.
  • Shutdown of the consumption system.
  • Uniform distribution of heat.
  • Adjustment of characteristics, management of temperature and other parameters.
  • Coolant conversion.

Buildings are retrofitted to install ITPs, which is costly but rewarding. The item is located in a separate technical or basement, an extension to the house or a separately located nearby structure.

Benefits of having an ITP

Significant costs for the establishment of an ITP are allowed due to the advantages that follow from the presence of an item in the building.

  • Profitability (in terms of consumption - by 30%).
  • Reducing operating costs by up to 60%.
  • Heat consumption is monitored and accounted for.
  • Mode optimization reduces losses by up to 15%. It takes into account the time of day, weekends, weather.
  • Heat is distributed according to consumption conditions.
  • Consumption can be adjusted.
  • The type of coolant is subject to change if necessary.
  • Low accident rate, high operational safety.
  • Full process automation.
  • Noiselessness.
  • Compactness, dependence of dimensions on loading. Item can be placed in the basement.
  • Maintenance of heating points does not require numerous personnel.
  • Provides comfort.
  • The equipment is completed under the order.

Controlled heat consumption, the ability to influence performance attracts in terms of savings, rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is considered that the costs are recouped within an acceptable period.

Types of TP

The difference between TP is in the number and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the scheme and characteristics of the required equipment. The method of installation and arrangement of the complex in the room differs. There are the following types.

  • ITP for a single building or part of it, located in the basement, technical room or adjacent building.
  • TsTP - the central TP serves a group of buildings or objects. It is located in one of the basements or a separate building.
  • BTP - block heat point. Includes one or more blocks manufactured and delivered in production. Features compact installation, used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or TsTP.

Principle of operation

The design scheme depends on the energy source and the specifics of consumption. The most popular is independent, for a closed DHW system. The principle of operation of the ITP is as follows.

  1. The heat carrier comes to the point through the pipeline, giving the temperature to the heaters for heating, hot water and ventilation.
  2. The heat carrier goes to the return pipeline to the heat generating enterprise. Reused, but some may be used up by the consumer.
  3. Heat losses are compensated by make-up available in CHP and boiler houses (water treatment).
  4. AT thermal plant arrives tap water passing through the cold water pump. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest is heated by the 1st stage heater, going to the DHW circuit.
  5. The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the TP, the consumer, returns with a partial flow.
  6. The 2nd stage heater operates regularly when the fluid loses heat.

The coolant (in this case, water) moves along the circuit, which is facilitated by 2 circulation pumps. Its leakages are possible, which are replenished by make-up from the primary heating network.

circuit diagram

This or that ITP scheme has features that depend on the consumer. A central heat supplier is important. The most common option is closed system DHW with independent heating connection. A heat carrier enters the TP through the pipeline, is realized when heating water for the systems and returns. For return, there is a return pipeline going to the main to the central point - the heat generation enterprise.

Heating and hot water supply are arranged in the form of circuits along which a heat carrier moves with the help of pumps. The first one is designed as closed loop with possible leaks replenished from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for hot water supply, which supplies water to the consumer for consumption. In case of heat loss, heating is carried out by the second heating stage.

ITP for different consumption purposes

Being equipped for heating, the IHS has an independent circuit in which a plate heat exchanger is installed with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a double pump. Make-up is carried out from the return pipeline in thermal networks. Additionally, the TP is completed with metering devices, a hot water supply unit in the presence of other necessary units.


The ITP designed for DHW is an independent circuit. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two plate heat exchangers loaded at 50%. There are pumps that compensate for the decrease in pressure, metering devices. Other nodes are expected. Such heat points operate according to an independent scheme.

It is interesting! The principle of heating for heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. And the DHW has a two-stage scheme with two similar devices loaded by 1/2 each. Pumps for various purposes compensate for the decreasing pressure and feed the system from the pipeline.

For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided by two such devices, loaded by 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and make-up is made. Addition - accounting device.

Installation steps

The TP of a building or object undergoes a step-by-step procedure during installation. The mere desire of the tenants in an apartment building is not enough.

  • Obtaining the consent of the owners of the premises of a residential building.
  • Application to heat supply companies for designing in a particular house, development of technical specifications.
  • Issuance of specifications.
  • Inspection of a residential or other object for the project, determining the availability and condition of equipment.
  • Automatic TP will be designed, developed and approved.
  • The contract is concluded.
  • The ITP project for a residential building or other object is being implemented, tests are being carried out.

Attention! All stages can be completed in a couple of months. The care is assigned to the responsible specialized organization. To be successful, a company must be well established.

Operational safety

The automatic heat point is serviced by properly qualified employees. The staff is familiar with the rules. There are also prohibitions: automation does not start if there is no water in the system, pumps do not turn on if the shutoff valves are blocked at the inlet.
Need to control:

  • pressure parameters;
  • noises;
  • vibration level;
  • engine heating.

The control valve must not be subjected to excessive force. If the system is under pressure, the regulators are not disassembled. Pipelines are flushed before start-up.

Approval for operation

The operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires a permit, for which documentation is provided to Energonadzor. These are the technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their execution. Need:

  • agreed project documentation;
  • act of responsibility for operation, balance of ownership from the parties;
  • act of readiness;
  • heat points must have a passport with heat supply parameters;
  • readiness of the heat energy metering device - document;
  • certificate of the existence of an agreement with the energy company to ensure heat supply;
  • act of acceptance of work from the company producing the installation;
  • Order appointing a person responsible for the maintenance, serviceability, repair and safety of the ATP (automated heating point);
  • a list of persons responsible for the maintenance of AITP units and their repair;
  • a copy of the document on the qualification of the welder, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
  • acts on other actions, the executive scheme of the automated heating unit, including pipelines, fittings;
  • an act on pressure testing, flushing of heating, hot water supply, which includes an automated point;
  • briefing.


An admission certificate is drawn up, magazines are started: operational, on briefing, issuing orders, detecting defects.

ITP of an apartment building

An automated individual heating point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from the central heating station, boiler houses or CHP (combined heat and power plant) to heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heat point) save up to 40% or more of heat energy.

Attention! The system uses the source − heating network to which it connects. The need for coordination with these organizations.

A lot of data is required to calculate the modes, load and savings results for payment in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be completed. Without approval, ITP will not issue a permit for operation. Residents receive the following benefits.

  • Greater accuracy in the operation of devices to maintain temperature.
  • Heating is carried out with a calculation that includes the state of the outside air.
  • Amounts for services on utility bills are reduced.
  • Automation simplifies facility maintenance.
  • Reduced repair costs and staffing levels.
  • Finances are saved for the consumption of thermal energy from a centralized supplier (boiler houses, thermal power plants, central heating stations).

Conclusion: how the savings work

The heating point of the heating system is equipped with a metering unit during commissioning, which is a guarantee of savings. Heat consumption readings are taken from the instruments. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. The source of savings is the possibility of changing modes and the absence of overestimation of indicators by energy supply companies, their exact determination. It will be impossible to write off additional costs, leaks, expenses on such a consumer. Payback occurs within 5 months, as an average value with savings of up to 30%.

Automated supply of coolant from a centralized supplier - heating mains. Installation of a modern heating and ventilation unit makes it possible to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode - automatic. Heat consumption is reduced by 30% with a payback of 2 to 5 years.

As a rule, an ITP project consists of 4 sections:

- Thermal mechanics. This section selects circuit diagram and its calculation, selection of heat exchangers, pumps, expansion tanks or pressure maintenance installations, selection of pipeline diameters, selection of shut-off and control valves;
- Thermal energy metering unit. The choice of the metering scheme, the selection of the heat meter and the description of its installation are made.
- Automation and dispatching. Based on the schematic diagram developed in the "Thermal mechanics" section, a functional diagram automation, selection is underway executive devices automation, temperature sensors, relays, differential pressure relays.
- Power supply. This section consists of two parts: Electric lighting and power equipment. In some cases, the "Electric lighting" part is not required. In the volume "power electrical equipment" power supply of pantographs is performed ( pumping equipment, AUPD, automation and metering cabinets), potential equalization system.

The initial data for design are:

1. Specifications for connection to heating networks (hereinafter referred to as TU). Specifications are issued by the heat supply organization. In Moscow, the technical specifications are issued by PAO MIPC. In the Moscow region, these are local heating networks. The specifications reflect the fundamental requirements for a heat point: the type of connection of heat consumers, the maximum total load is indicated and by type of consumption (heating, ventilation, thermal curtains, hot water supply), temperature charts at the input in winter and summer periods, available pressure at the input of the heating network, maximum operating pressure.

2. Technical task(TOR) for the design of ITP. As a rule, the TOR reflects General requirements to the design object Additional requirements Customer (types and brands of equipment used, the availability of a reserve of equipment, the location of the drainage pit, etc.)

3. Architectural and construction plans in which the heat point with cuts will be located.

4. The project of external heat networks or the binding of the input of heat networks to the ITP room with a section.

5. Bindings of inputs of pipelines of heat consumers(heating, ventilation, hot water, cold water systems, etc.).

6. Passports of heating, ventilation, hot water systems(during reconstruction) or Projects of HVAC sections (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), VK (water supply and sewerage) during new construction. The main parameters to pay attention to: thermal load, temperature graph, hydraulic resistance of the system, maximum working pressure.

7. Specifications for thermal energy metering units. In Moscow, specifications are issued at branch No. 11 Gorenergosbyt of PJSC MOEK.

8. Technical conditions for the implementation of automation and dispatching of ITP.

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